SEED PROCUREMENT

PLANT PROPAGATION
(AGH 331)
TKA
Source of Seed

- Collected from field (without cerificate)
- Produce by farmers for self use of seed
(without certificate)
- From other farmers (without certificate)
- Bought from agriculture store (with or
without certificate)
Certified seed:
Food crops (cereal, legume); Vegetables;
Ornamental; fruit crops (citrus); plantation crops
(oil palm)
Commercial production of seeds need
specific location for stimulating of flower,
fruit, and seed formation :
- Low RH: to reduce pest and deseases, fruit
and seed decication during physiology
maturity process.
- Low temperature: for flower induction
Commercial seeds have to have high genetic quality.
To get high genetic qulity, several efforts are needed:
Isolation (space, time, physical barrier)
Roguing : to remove off type, weeds,
Initial field Supervision and land history
Field Supervision during vegetative and generative
phase.
Field supervision after harvesting


Commercial seed have to have good physical
anf physiological quality. Need seed test:
Laboratory Test:
- Sending the seed to lab.
- Seed moisture content test
- seed sampling
- Purity test
- Germintion test
- Spesific test: TTZ (Tetrazolium Chloride),
vigor test
Non-commercial/non-certificate
Seed Procurement
Collected-Seed: seed is collected from park,
road side. Mother plant and the seed are not
uniform geneticly.
Seed Orchard: mother plant has genetic
identity, for instance for rootstock and scion.
berisi pohon induk yg terkon trol genetiknya.
Agro Industry: using the fruit without using
the seed (apel, apricot )
Seed harvested at physiological maturity.
Seed collector has to know:
Fruit and seed characters of physiologicly
mature fruit/seed (fruit is not unripe or over
ripe).
Characters of other plant parts (leaf, flower,
etc.) to differentiate other fruit/seed mixed to
our fruit/seed.
Fruit structure to know extraction method
Seed characters: ortodox or recalcitrant for
proper handling of seed.
Type I Fruit: dry and broken at mature.
Folicle, legume, capsule, cone,..
Character of mature fruit: broken or falling
Seed cholector harvesting befor fruit is broken
or fallen.
The problem: non uniform maturity
Harvesting manually for small scale or by
machine on industrial scale.
FRUIT TYPES

Type 2 Fruit: dry fruit but not broken at maturity
Cariopsis fruit, achene fruit.
Not broken but falling down
Seed colectors have to know its maturity
Manual harvesting (small scale) or machine
harvesting (large scale)
Type 3 Fruit : fleshy fruit, thick fruit pericarp,
not broken, and soften at maturity
Fruit harvested before falling down, fallen
down if over ripe cause seed deteriorated or
attact by pest/diseases.
Soft fruit is macerated with the seed (seed
macerator), fermented 24 hours , cleaning,
and drying.
Non proper clening will harm the seed, pulp
on the seed can cause seed dormancy.

SEED DRYING
Drying floor
Seed dryer


SEED CLEANING
Manual cleaning
Seed blower
Air screen separator
Gravity table

Drying floor
Seed Packing
Jar
Can
Bucket
Large clay bowl
Polyetilen plastic bag
Fabric bag
Paper bag


Seed Storage Life
1. Short life seed
*Viability period: days, weeks, monts (< 1
year)
* Example: poplar, maple, willow, avocado,
litchi, cacao
*characters: big in size and thick cotyledon
*Viability decrease if moisture content drop.
Store in water (for water plant) or in high
moisture content environment
* Fluctuated water content cause viability
decreasing.


2. Medium Term Storage Life Seed
Viability 2-3 years, maximum 15 years
Example: food crops, vegetables, ornamental, conifer
seeds.

3. Long Term Storage Seed
Viability 15-20 years, maximum 100 years
Character: thick seed coat
Factors Affecting Seed Viability
Seed Moisture Content
Temperature around the seed
RH surrounding the seed

On short storage life seed, decrease of its
water content and low temperature treatment
will reduce the seed viability.
On Mid and Long storage life seed
The lower the seed moisture content,
temperature and RH of storage room, the
longer the storage period in good viability
(moisture content 4-6%, RH 20-25%)
Storage at open area of tropic will cause seed
difficult to maintain its viability.
The higher the RH the lower the viability, and
vise versa.

Effect of Moisture Content on Viability:
Mosture content 7-8% insect active and reproductive
Moisture content 12-14% (RH 65%), fungi active
Moisture content 18-20% increasing temperature in
storage room (heating)
Medium and long life seed: if temperature
decrase 1 oC, seed viability increse 100% (if
water content 5-14%)
Storage at low temperature and high RH cause
fast decrasing of viability
Storage at low temperature and high water
content cause seed injury.
Type of Seed Storage
1. Open storage :
Seed viability depend on temperature and RH.
Dry and cold environment are good for storage.
Humid and Hot are not good for storage.
Need fumigation to control pest and diseases.
2. Storage at controlled RH
Seed pack tight, store at controlled RH room
Example: Temperature 27 oC RH 45%
Temperature 21 oC RH 60%
Seed pack has to resistant to moisture: glass
jar, aluminum foil bag, polyetilen bag.


3. (Cold storage)
Cold storage without contolled RH (4.5-10 oC)
Storage life is long if RH no more than 70%
Seed pack resistant to air.
4. Cold most strorage
Store at : 0-10 oC, RH 80-90%
Seed is put in container, mixed with material
that can absorb moisture.
Seed treated with parafin
Seed is sprayed with latex before storage