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=
(5)
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
t
t P
x
t
x
P
t , P S t , 0 S
t
x
K
k
1 c
1
1 w
1 1 o 1 o
0
0
o
ro
=
(6)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Water Saturation (%)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
f
r
a
c
)
Oil
Water
Figure 13: Relative permeabilities from in situ data for core plug ISR 5.
Allthough the acquired data are of good quality, the relative permeabilities are strongly sensitivitive to the derivative of the
pressure and the time t it takes for one saturation to travel between the two pressure ports. This may have contributed the
unexpected oil relative permeability curve obtained.
Conclusions
Simultaneous pressure and saturation measurements in six Portland chalk cores at different wettabilities have been obtained
during waterfloods utilizing high spatial resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
In three of the core plugs, local fluid pressure where measured in two pressure ports embedded into the cores at fixed
positions along the axis of injection. From the local pressure and saturation data, in situ Amott Indices were calculated, and
contributions from spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement were identified. In the three remaining core plugs, local
pressure were measured for each fluid phase in four pressure ports embedded into the cores using semi-permeable discs with
selected wetting preferences. Relative permeability and capillary pressure curves for the imbibition were calculated from the in
situ data. Impacts of the wettability on the form of the pressure and saturation curves and the recovery factors due to
spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement have been determined.
10 SPE 113510
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Jim Stevens at the ConocoPhilips Research Center in Bartlesville, OK, USA, for his contributions
during the experiments. One author is indebted to the Norwegian Reaserch Council for financial support.
Nomenclature
A = Cross-sectional area
D
2
O = Deuterium oxide
= Porosity
I = Amott-Harvey Index
I
w1
= Amott-Harvey Index to water at Port 1
K = Absolute permeability
k
ro
= Relative permeability to oil
k
rw
= Relative permeability to water
o
= Viscosity oil
w
= Viscosity water
OOIP = Original oil in place
p
c
= Capillary pressure
p
o
S
= Oil pressure at given saturation
p
w
S
= Water pressure at given saturation
q
w
= Water injection rate
R
f
= Recovery factor
S
o
= Oil saturation
S
w
= Water saturation
t = Time
x, x
1
= Distance between pressure ports
x
0
= Distance from inlet to pressure port 1
SI Metric Conversion Factors
cP 1.0 E-03 = Pas
mD 9.869 233 E-04 = m
2
psi 6.894 757 E+00 = kPa
References
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32, 2002.
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th
Annual
Technology Conference And Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 1989.
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Geol. Soc. Denmark, Vol. 31, p. 107-119, 1993.
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rd
International Symposium On
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th
Annual Technology Conference And Exhibition, San Francisco, California, 1983.
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th
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