www.ingenstech.

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Hybrid Communication Models For Prevention Of Railway Accidents
Using Differential Positioning
Abstract
Over the years the exponential increase in the trains and train frequencies has lead to the increase in
the accidents associated with them. Among the train accidents the worst accidents are those that
involve the head on collision of trains traveling on the same tracks. Though there are systems in
place to avoid such incidents, they are either operated manually or are outdated.
This project aims at providing a possible alternative to this problem. Each track is fitted with a
distinct, passive RFID tag, since it is a passive tag; it does not require any wiring or maintenance and
can be subjected to adverse weather conditions. Also each train carries a RFID reader. So when a
train is moving on a certain track using the RFID tag it can keep track of which track it is moving on.
Hence if two trains are on the same track the respective RFID readers will have the same track
information. In addition to the RFID readers the trains are fitted with separate RF Transceivers,
which periodically keep transmitting the Train number, the track number on which the train is
traveling and also the speed of the train.
When two trains are close enough they will receive the transmission from the approaching train.
Using the information from the approaching train, the trains can perform a differential check if they
are on the same track and using the speed information they can make out a rough time estimate of
how long they can safely stay on the same track.
If the trains sense a possible collision brakes could be automatically activated to stop the trains at a
safe distance, thus avoiding an accident. Since each track has a distinct identity, and each train has a
distinct Train number, there can be no mistake in determining if the two trains are on the same
track. Also there can be any number of trains with in close vicinity and still the system will work
flawlessly. Since there is no human intervention, the possibility of an error due to human neglect or
mistake is also ruled out.

Existing System
1. As of now, there is no autonomous system to avoid head on collision of trains on same track.

Proposed System
1. Using RFID module the system can easily identify the two trains travel in the same track and
avoid the collision of the train automatically.
2. There is no need to man power to handle this critical situation
3. RF Transceiver can be transmit and receive the respective train information to the others.

Ingens Tech Private Limited | For Students Use Only | All Rights Reserved
www.ingenstech.com | IEEE Projects 2014 - 2015 abstracts | Final Year Projects
www.ingenstech.com



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Block Diagram


ARM / PIC
A
D
C

U
A
R
T

S
P
I

I
2
C

G
P
I
O

D
A
C

/

P
W
M

Power
& Reset
U
A
R
T

GPIO
ROM
RAM
CLOCK
RFID Reader
U
A
R
T

RFID
Module
RFID
Tag
RF
U
A
R
T

MODULATION
DEMODULATION
TRAIN MODULE-1

LCD Module
S
P
I

LCD
Controller
LCD
Display
Alarm
Relay
Drive
Relay
Braking
System
POWER SUPPLY
Power
Adapter
Reverse
Protection
Voltage
Regulators
Power LED
Ingens Tech Private Limited | For Students Use Only | All Rights Reserved
www.ingenstech.com | IEEE Projects 2014 - 2015 abstracts | Final Year Projects
www.ingenstech.com



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Block Diagram
ARM / PIC
A
D
C

U
A
R
T

S
P
I

I
2
C

G
P
I
O

D
A
C

/

P
W
M

Power
& Reset
U
A
R
T

GPIO
ROM
RAM
CLOCK
RFID Reader
U
A
R
T

RFID
Module
RFID
Tag
RF
U
A
R
T

MODULATION
DEMODULATION
TRAIN MODULE-2

LCD Module
S
P
I

LCD
Controller
LCD
Display
Alarm
Relay
Drive
Relay
Braking
System
POWER SUPPLY
Power
Adapter
Reverse
Protection
Voltage
Regulators
Power LED
Ingens Tech Private Limited | For Students Use Only | All Rights Reserved
www.ingenstech.com | IEEE Projects 2014 - 2015 abstracts | Final Year Projects
www.ingenstech.com



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Software Tools
LPCXpresso IDE / MPLAB IDE
EAGLE
Orcad
Embedded C

Hardware Required
ARM LPC11U67 / PIC18F45K22
RF Transceivers
RFID Reader , RFID Tags
LCD Display
Buzzer
Relay Drive, Relay


Ingens Tech Private Limited | For Students Use Only | All Rights Reserved
www.ingenstech.com | IEEE Projects 2014 - 2015 abstracts | Final Year Projects