Tank Flush Simulation Tutorial

Workshop 7
WS7-1
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
February 23, 2009
Inventory #002599
Tank Flushing
Introduction to CFX
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
This workshop models a water tank filling and then emptying through a
siphon. The problem is transient in nature and solved as a two fluid
multiphase case (air + water).
An initial water level is set in the tank. The water supply is turned on for
the first second of the simulation and then shut off for the rest of the
simulation. The water level rises until water flows out the U-tube
generating a siphoning effect which effectively empties the tank.
Introduction
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generating a siphoning effect which effectively empties the tank.
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Mesh Import
1. Start a new simulation in CFX-Pre
2. Right-click on Mesh > Import Mesh >ICEM CFD
3. Set the Mesh Units to cm
For some mesh formats it is important to know the units used to
generate the mesh
4. Import the mesh flush.cfx5
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4. Import the mesh flush.cfx5
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Define Simulation Type
1. Edit the Analysis Type object in the Outline tree
2. Set the Analysis Type Option to Transient
3. Set the Total Time to 2.5 [s]
4. Set the Timesteps to 0.01 [s] and click OK
The first step is to change the Analysis Type to Transient:
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4. Set the Timesteps to 0.01 [s] and click OK
The simulation will have 250 timesteps
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Workshop Supplement
Edit Default Domain
1. Edit Default Domain from the Outline
tree
2. Delete Fluid 1 under Fluid and Particle
Definition
3. Click on the New icon
4. Name the new fluid Air
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4. Name the new fluid Air
5. Set the Material to Air at 25C and the
Morphology to Continuous Fluid
6. Create another fluid named Water
7. Set the Material to Water and the
Morphology to Continuous Fluid
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Edit Default Domain
8. Turn on Buoyancy and set the (X, Y, Z)
gravity components to (0, -g, 0)
Use the expression icon to enter -g ( g is a
built-in constant )
9. Set the Buoy. Ref. Density to 1.185 [kg
m^-3]
This is the density of Air at 25 C. Search the
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This is the density of Air at 25 C. Search the
help for Buoyancy in Multiphase Flow
(including the quotes in the search for more
details
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Edit Default Domain
5. Switch to the Fluid Models tab
6. Under Multiphase Options,
enable the Homogeneous Model
This makes the simplifying
assumption that both phases share
the same velocity field
7. Set the Free Surface Model
Option to Standard
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7. Set the Free Surface Model
Option to Standard
This changes some solver numerics
to resolve the free surface interface
better
8. Under Heat Transfer, enable the
Homogeneous Model toggle and
set the Option to None
9. Set the Turbulence Model Option
to k-Epsilon
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Edit Default Domain
13. Switch to the Fluid Pair Model tab
14. Enable the Surface Tension
Coefficient toggle and set the
coefficient to 0.072 [N m^-1]
15. Under Surface Tension Force, set
the Option to Continuum Surface
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the Option to Continuum Surface
Force
16. Set the Primary Fluid to Water
17. Under Interphase Transfer, set the
Option to Free Surface
18. Click OK to complete the changes
to the domain
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Create Boundary Conditions
1. Insert a new boundary named Ambient
2. Set the Boundary Type to Opening and the Location to
AMBIENT
3. On the Boundary Details tab, set the Mass and
Start by creating an Opening boundary at the top of the tank
to allow air to escape as the tank is filled:
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3. On the Boundary Details tab, set the Mass and
Momentum Option to Opening Pres. And Dirn with a
Relative Pressure of 0 [Pa]
4. On the Fluid Values tab, set the Volume Fraction of Air
to 1 and the Volume Fraction of Water to 0
5. Click Ok to create the boundary
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Create Boundary Conditions
1. Insert a new boundary named Outlet with the Boundary
Type as Opening and the Location as OUTLET
2. In the Boundary Details, use Opening Pres. And Dirn
with a Relative Pressure of 0 [Pa]
Now create the outlet and symmetry boundaries. Since recirculation
may occur at the outlet this boundary will be specified as an Opening:
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with a Relative Pressure of 0 [Pa]
3. In the Fluid Values, set the Volume Fraction of Air to 1
and the Volume Fraction of Water to 0
4. Click Ok to create the boundary
5. Insert a Symmetry boundary named Sym1 on the
Location SYM1
6. Insert a Symmetry boundary named Sym2 on the
Location SYM2
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Inlet Water Flow Function
1. Right-click on Expressions in the Outline tree and select
Insert > Expression
Water will flow into the tank at a rate of 0.2 [kg s^-1] for 1 [s]; it will then
be shut off for the remainder of the simulation. Therefore the inlet flow
rate must be a function of time. You will write an expression using the
if() function to define this behavior, then create the Inlet boundary:
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Insert > Expression
2. Enter the Name as flowProfile
3. Enter the Definition as: if(t<1 [s], 0.2 [kg/s], 0 [kg/s]) and
click Apply
4. Insert a new boundary named Inlet
5. Set the Boundary Type to Inlet and the Location to INLET
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Inlet Boundary Condition
6. In Boundary Details, set the Mass and Momentum Option
to Bulk Mass Flow Rate
7. Set the Mass Flow Rate to the expression flowProfile
8. In the Fluid Values, set the Volume Fraction of Air to 0
and the Volume Fraction of Water to 1, then click OK
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WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Define Expressions
Next you will create expressions to define the initial water height and the
initial hydrostatic pressure field. These expressions must define the
correct initial flow field because the transient simulation is started cold
(it is not started from a converged steady-state simulation).
1. Insert the following expressions:
waterHt = 6 [cm]
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waterVF = if(y<waterHt,1,0)*if(y>-0.01 [m],1,0)* if(x>-0.028 [m],1,0)
waterDen = 998 [kg m^-3]
HydroP = waterDen * g * (waterHt - y) * waterVF
waterHt is the initial height of the water in the tank. waterVF provides
the initial volume fraction distribution in the tank (see next slide).
waterDen is the density of water. HydroP provides the initial pressure
distribution due to the hydrostatic pressure of water.
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Define Expressions
The expression for waterVF contains
three step() function terms multiplied
together. The first function,
step((waterHt - y) / 1[m]), returns 1
when y < waterHt. In other words the
volume fraction of water is 1 below the y
= waterHt line shown to the right.
The second step() function returns 1
x = - 0.028
y = waterHt
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The second step() function returns 1
when y > -0.01[m]. The third step
function returns 1 when x > -0.028 [m].
The result is that the volume fraction of
water is equal to 1 only in the shaded
area shown to the right. This defines the
initial water volume fraction.
Note that the arguments to the step()
function must be dimensionless, hence
each time we divide by 1[m].
y = - 0.01
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Define Initial Conditions
1. Right-click on Flow Analysis 1 in the Outline tree and
select Insert > Global Initialisation
2. Set all Cartesian Velocities Components to 0 [m s^-1]
3. Set the Relative Pressure to the expression HydroP
Now set the initial conditions using these expressions:
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4. On the Fluid Settings tab, set the Volume Fraction for
Water to the expression waterVF. Set the Volume
Fraction for Air to the expression 1 waterVF
5. Click OK to set the initial conditions
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Define Transient Results
1. Edit the Output Control object in the Outline tree
2. On the Trn Results tab, create a new Transient Results
object, accepting the default Name
3. Set the Option to Selected Variables
By default results are only written at the end of the simulation. You must
define transient results to view the intermediate solution:
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3. Set the Option to Selected Variables
This reduces the file size by only writing out selected variables
4. In the Output Variables List, use the icon and the Ctrl
key to pick Air.Volume Fraction, Velocity, and
Water.Volume Fraction
5. Under Output Frequency, set the Timestep Interval to 2,
then click OK
Transient results will be written every second timestep, thus
creating a total of 125 Transient Results files
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Create Monitor Point
1. Insert a new expression named waterVol with the
Definition set to:
volumeInt(Water.Volume Fraction)@Default Domain
This is the volume integral the water volume fraction in the
domain
Next create a Monitor Point to track the volume of water in the domain
during the solution:
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domain
2. Edit the Output Control object in the Outline tree
3. On the Monitor tab, toggle Monitor Options, insert a new
Monitor Point named Water Volume
4. Set the Option to Expression and enter the Expression
Value as waterVol, then click OK
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Run Solver
1. Save the project as TankFlush.wbpj
2. In the Project Schematic, Edit the Solution object to start
the Solver Manager
3. Start the run from the Solver Manger
You can monitor the volume of water in the domain during the
simulation on the User Points tab
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The simulation will take about 2 hours to complete. Therefore
results files have been provided with this workshop
4. After a few timesteps, Stop your run
5. Select File > Monitor Finished Run in the Solver Manager
6. Browse to the results file provided with the workshop
Note the shape of the Water Volume curve, and see that less water is in the
domain after the run is complete than there was at the beginning
WS7: Tank Flushing
Workshop Supplement
Post-Process Results
1. Using Windows Explorer,
locate the supplied results
file TankFlush_001.res,
and drag it into an empty
region of the Project
Schematic
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Schematic
2. A new CFX Solution and
Results cell will appear.
Double-click on the Results
object to open it in CFD-
Post.
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Workshop Supplement
1. Turn on Visibility for Sym1
2. On the Colour tab, set the Variable to Water.Volume
Fraction and set the Colour Map to White to Blue
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Workshop Supplement
3. Use the Timestep Selector to load results from
different points in the simulation
4. With the first Timestep loaded, open the Animation tool
5. Select the Quick Animation toggle and select Timesteps as
the object to animate
6. Turn off the Repeat Forever button
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6. Turn off the Repeat Forever button
7. Enable the Save Movie toggle and then click the Play icon
to animate the results and generate an MPEG
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Workshop Supplement
Additional Notes
The results show that a significant amount of air becomes entrained in
the water. For this situation running the Inhomogeneous model is
recommended so that each phase has its own velocity field. This would
allow entrained air bubble to rise out of the water. When both phases
have the same velocity field there is no way for entrained air to separate
from the water.
When running the Inhomogeneous model, the entrained phase should
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When running the Inhomogeneous model, the entrained phase should
be set as a Dispersed Phase in CFX-Pre.

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