For elemen 1

f1x
f3x

k1
-k1

-k1
k1

d1x
d3x

f3x
f2x

k2
-k2

-k2
k2

d3x
d2x

d3x(1)

F1x
F2x
F3x

=
=
=

f3x(2)

For elemen 2

d3x(2)
f1x(1)
f2x(2)
f3x(1)

Therefore the force-displacement equations for this spring system are:

F1x
k1d1x
-k1d3x
=
F2x
-k2d3x
k2d2x
=
+
F3x
-k1d1x
k1d3x
k2d3x
=
+
+
In Matrix,
F1x
F2x
F3x

k1
0
-k1

0
k2
-k2

-k1
-k2
k1+k2

d1x
d2x
d3x

k2d2x

(1)

(2)

(3)

1000

2000

3000

1000
0
-1000
0

Force at node 4 (F4x= 5000lb)

3000
-2000
x
-2000
5000

1
1
-1
3
1
-1
4
1
-1

-1
1

4
-1
1

2
-1
1

0
3000
0
-3000

-1000
0
3000
-2000

0
-3000
-2000
5000

d3x
d4x

0
5000

d3x
d4x

solving for d3x and d4x gives

d3x
=
0.909091
d4x
=
1.363636

9.09091E-08

d1x
d2x
d3x
d4x

5000
2000

in
in

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

1000
0
-1000
0

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

=
=
=
=

-909.091
#VALUE!
0
5000

1000
-1000

For elemen 1
f1x
f3x

0
S
0
-3000

-1000
0
3000
-2000

0
-3000
-2000
5000

0
0.909091

lb
lb
lb
lb

-1000
1000

For elemen 2
f3x
f4x

For elemen 3
f4x
f2x

2000
-2000

-2000
2000

0.909091
1.363636

3000
-3000

-3000
3000

1.363636
0

k1
k2
k3
P

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

2000
3000

0
5000

0
0
0.909090909
1.363636364

f1x
f3x

=
=

-909.091
909.0909

=
=
=
=

1000
2000
3000
5000

lb/in
lb/in
lb/in
lb

f3x
f4x

=
=

-909.091
909.0909

f4x
f2x

=
=

4090.909
-4090.91

200 KN/m

20 mm

k(1)

200
-200
0
0
0

k(2)

-200
400
-200
0
0

0.02 m

k(3)

k(4)

200
-200
0
0
0

-200
400
-200
0
0

0
-200
400
-200
0

0
-200
400
-200
0

0
0
-200
400
-200

0
0
0
-200
200

0
0
-200
400
-200

0
0
0
-200
200
d1x
d2x
d3x
d4x
d5x

Applying the boundary condition (d1x=0 and d5x=20mm) and the known force give:
d2x
400
-200
0
0
d3x
-200
400
-200
0
x
=
d4x
0
-200
400
-200
0
0
-200
200
0.02
400
-200
0

-200
400
-200

0
-200
400

d2x
d3x
d4x
d2x
d3x
d4x

d2x
d3x
d4x
F1x
F5x

=
=

=
=
=

0.005 m
0.01 m
0.015 m
-1 KN
1 KN

200

0
0
0
F5x

0
0
4
3.125E-08

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x
F5x

120000
80000
40000

For elemen 1
f1x
f2x

=
=

200
-200

-200
200

0
0.005

For elemen 2
f2x
f3x

=
=

200
-200

-200
200

0.005
0.01

For elemen 3
f3x
f4x

=
=

200
-200

-200
200

0.01
0.015

For elemen 4
f4x
f5x

=
=

200
-200

-200
200

0.015
0.02

1
-1

-1
1

KN/m

determinan= 32000000

80000
160000
80000

40000
80000
120000

0
0
4

Adjoint
400
-200

-200
400

-200
-200

-200
0

-200
400

400
0

-200
0

400
-200

400
0

f1x
f2x

=
=

-1 KN
1 KN

f2x
f3x

=
=

-1 KN
1 KN

f3x
f4x

=
=

-1 KN
1 KN

f4x
f5x

=
=

-1 KN
1 KN

0
400

-200
400

0
-200

0
400

400
-200

0
-200

-200
-200

400
-200

-200
400

120000
80000
40000
=

80000
160000
80000

40000
80000
120000

d1x

d3x

d4x

d2x(1)

d2x(2)

d2x(3)

1
k

(1)

0
d2x

1000
-1000

-1000
1000

1000
-1000
0
0

-1000
6000
-2000
-3000

0
-2000
2000
0

(2)

0
-3000
0
3000

Applying the boundary conditions (d1x=d3x=d4x=0) and the known forces (F2x=P) gives:
(k1+k2+k3)d2x
P
=
=

0.833333

Solving the forces gives:

F1x
=
F3x
=
F4x
=

-833.333
-1666.67
-2500

d2x

2000
-2000

P
k1
k2
k3

3
-2000
2000

(3)

=
=
=
=

5000
1000
2000
3000

3000
-3000

-3000
3000

lb
lb/in
lb/in
lb/in

The Potental energy :

p for elemen 1 :
p(1)

1/2 k1

(d3x-d1x)2

f1xd1x

p for elemen 2 :
(2)

1/2 k2

(d4x-d3x)

f3xd3x

1/2 k3

(d2x-d4x)2

f2xd2x

0=

-k1d3x

k1d1x

p for elemen 3 :
p(3)

Minimizing the total potential energy p :

p/ d 1x =
p/ d 2x

0=

k3d2x

k3d4x

p/ d 3x

0=

k1d1x

p/ d 4x

0=

k1d3x
k2d4x

k2d3x

in Matrix form
1000
0
-1000
0
where,

f1x
=
f2x
=
f3x(1) + f3x(2)=
f4x(1) + f4x(2)=

0
3000
0
-3000

1000
0
3000
-2000
F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

0
-3000
-2000
5000

d1x
d2x
d3x
d4x

1000
0
-1000
0

0
3000
0
-3000

f1x
f2x
f3x(1) + f3x(2)
f4x(1) + f4x(2)
1000
0
3000
-2000

k1
k2
k3
P

=
=
=
=

f2x(3)
k2d4x

k2d3x

f3x(1)

f3x(2)

k3d2x

k3d4x

f4x

(2)

f4x

1000
2000
3000
5000

lb/in
lb/in
lb/in
lb

f3xd3x

f4xd4x

f4xd4x

(1)

f1x

0
-3000
-2000
5000

d1x
d2x
d3x
d4x

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

(3)

For elemen 1 and 2

k

(1)

(2)

1000000

1
-1

-1
1

For elemen 3
k

(3)

1000000

1
-1

d2x

d1x
K

=
1000000

F1x
F2x
F3x
F4x

The boundary condition are:

d1x
=

1000000

d4x

=
=

d4x

d3x

1
-1
0
0

-1
2
-1
0

0
-1
2
-1

0
0
-1
1

1
-1
0
0

-1
2
-1
0

0
-1
2
-1

0
0
-1
1

Applying the boundary condition and knon forces gives :

3000
=
1000000
x
0
d2x
d3x

-1
1

2
-1

-1
2

1
-1
0
0

-1
2
-1
0

d2x
d3x

0.002 in
0.001 in

The global nodal forces are calculated as:

F1x
F2x
=
1000000
F3x
F4x

0
-1
2
-1

0
0
-1
1

For elemen 1 and 2

A
E

=
=

F2x

1
30000000
30
3000

in2
psi
in
lb

For elemen 3
A
E

2 in2
15000000 psi

=
=

d1x
d2x
d3x
d4x

2000000 -1000000
-1000000 2000000

Matrix invers

0
0.002
0.001
0

3.33333E-13

-2000
3000
0
-1000

lbs

2000000
1000000

1000000
2000000

6.66667E-07
3.33333E-07

3.33333E-07
6.66667E-07