Coptarative Reviewer

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM REVIEWER Philippines Copyright, 2013
Where the heart is willing, it will find a thousand ways; where it is unwilling, it will find a thousand of excuses
- Jpanase Proverb
Chapter I
Questions and Answers
Chapter I contains introductory questions and
answers on the salient features of comparative police
system (cps). It is focused on the basic terms and topics
covered on this subject prior to the actual comparison of
police system. Most questions in this chapter begins with
the word what.
1. What is Comparative Police System?

It is the science and art of investigating and
comparing the police system of nations. It covers
the study of police organizations, trainings and
methods of policing of various nations.

2. What is the Comparative Criminal Justice?

It is subfield of the study of Criminal Justice
that compares justice systems worldwide. Such
study can take a descriptive, historical , or political
approach. It studies the similarities and differences
in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on
rights as well as the history and political stature of
different systems.

3. What are the 3 basic functions of criminal justice
system?

policing
adjudication
corrections

4. What is the International Criminal Justice?

It involves the study and description of one
countrys law, criminal procedure, or justice (Erika
Fairchild). Comparative criminal justice system
attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal
justice in one country by investigating and
evaluating, in terms of another country, culture, or
institution.

5. What is transnational crime?

It is a term that has been used in
comparative and international criminal justice study
in recent years to reflect the complexity and
enormity of global crime issues. It is defined by the
United Nations (UN) offences whose inception,
proportion and/or direct or indirect effects involve
in more than one country. Examples are:

Money laundering
Drug trafficking
Terrorism
Human trafficking
Cyber crimes

6. What is International Crime?

Defined as crimes against the peace and
security of mankind (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer,
1994). The UN has identified the following as
international crimes.

Aggression (by one state against
another)
Treat of aggression
Genocide (destroying a national,
ethnic, racial, or religious group)
Terrorism
Drug trafficking

7. What is meant by model system?

Model system is used to described the
countries being used as topics of discussion. These
countries are chosen not because they are greater
than others but because they are the focus of
comparison being studied.

8. Why compare systems and issues in criminal
justice?

According to Harry Damner there are many
reasons why we need to compare but the basic
reasons are:

To benefit from the experience of
others
To broaden our understanding of
the different cultures and
approaches to problems
To help us deal with the many
transnational crime problems that
plague our world today

9. What are the 4 types of societies?

The following are the four types of societies
in the world that comparativists study:

1. Folk-communal societies are also called
primitive societies.
A folk-communal society has little
codification law, no specification among police,
and a system of punishment that just lets things
go for a while without attention until things
become too much, and then harsh, barbatic
punishment is resorted to. Classic examples
include the early Roman gentles, African and
Middle Eastern tribes, and Puritan settlements
in North America (with the Salem with trials).

2. Urban-commercial societies, which rely on
trade as the essence of their market system.

- Jpanase Proverb
An urban-commercial society has civil law
(some standards and customs are written
down), specialized police forces (some for
religious offenses, others for enforcing the
Kings Law), and punishment is inconsistent,
sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient. Most of
Continental Europe developed along this path.

3. Urban-industrial societies, which produce which
produce most of the goods and services they
need without government interference.

An urban-industrial society not only has
codified laws (statutes that prohibit) but laws
that prescribes good behavior, police become
specialized in how to handle property crimes,
and the system of punishment is run on market
principles of creating incentives and
disincentives. England and the U.S. followed this
positive legal path.

4. Bureaucratic societies are modern post-
industrial societies where the emphasis is upon
technique or the technologizing of everything,
with the government.

A bureaucratic society has a system of laws
(along with armies of lawyers), police who tend
to keep busy handling political crime and
terrorism, and a system of punishment
characterized by over criminalization and
overcrowding. The U.S. and perhaps only eight
other nations fit the bureaucratic pattern.
Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that only
occurs in a bureaucratic society.

10. What are the 10 types of criminal justice law in the
world?

1. Common Law System

These are also known as Anglo-American
justice, and exist in most English-speaking
countries of the world, such as the U.S.,
England, Australia, and New Zealand. They are
distinguished by a strong adversarial system
where lawyers interpret and judges are bound
by precedent. Common law systems are
distinctive in the significance they attach to
precedent (the importance of previously
decided cases). They primarily rely upon oral
systems of previously in which the public trial is
a main focal point.

2. Civil Law System

Also know as Continental justice or
Romano-Germanic justice, and practice
throughout most of the European Union as well
as elsewhere, in places such as Sweden,
Germany, France, and Japan. They are
distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system
where fewer rights are granted to the accused,
and the written law is taken as gospel and
subject to little interpretation. For example, a
French maxim goes like this: If judge knows the
answer, he must not be prohibited from
achieving it by undue attention to regulations of
procedure and evidence. By contrast, the
common law method is for a judge to at least
suspend belief until the sporting event of a trial
is over. Legal scholarship is much more
sophisticated and elitist in civil law systems, as
opposed to the more democratic common law
countries where just about anybody can get
into law school. Romano-Germanic systems are
founded on the basis of natural law, which is a
respect for traditional and custom. The
sovereigns, or leaders, of a civil law system are
considered above the law, as opposed to the
common law notion that nobody is above the
law.

3. Socialist Systems

These are also known as Marxist-Leninist
justice, and exist in many places, such as Africa
and Asia, where there has been a Communist
revolution or the remnants of one. They are
distinguished by procedures designed to
rehabilitate or retrain people into fulfilling their
responsibilities to the state. It is the ultimate
expression of positive law, designed to move
the state forward toward the perfectibility of
state and mankind. It is also primarily
characterized by administrative law, where non-
legal officials make most of the decisions. For
example, in a socialist state, neither judges nor
lawyers are allowed to make law. Law is the
same as policy, and an orthodox Marxist view is
that eventually, the law will not be necessary.

4. Islamic System

Are also known as Muslim or Arabic justice,
and derive all their procedures and practices
from interpretation of the Koran. These are
exceptions, however. Various tribes (such as the
Siwa in the desert of North Africa) are
descendents of the ancient than the harsher
Shariah punishments. Islamic systems in general
are characterized by the absence of positive law
(the use of law to move societies forward
toward some progressive future) and are based
more on the concept of natural justice (crimes
are considered acts of injustice that conflict
with tradition). Religion plays an important role
that Islamic systems, so much a role that most
nations of this type are theocracies, where legal
rule and religious rule go together.
- Jpanase Proverb

11. What are the Comparative Research Methods?

Comparative research is usually carried out
by the following:

A. Safari method (a researcher visits another
country) or collaborative method (the
researcher communicates with a foreign
researcher).
B. Published works tend to fall into three
categories:
Single culture studies (the crime
problem of a single foreign country is
discussed)
Two-culture studies (the most common
type) Comprehensive textbooks (it
covers three or more countries). The
examination of crime and its control in
the comparative context often requires
an historical perspective since the
phenomena under study are seen as
having developed under unique social,
economic, and political structures.

C. Historical-comprehensive method the most
often employed by researchers. It is basically an
alternative to both quantitative and qualitative
research methods that is sometimes called
historiography or holism.

12. What are the Countries with lesser or no crime?

a. Switzerland
For many years used to have travel
brochures saying there is no crime in
Switzerland, and criminologist were stumped
on why this was so, whether because of the
high rate of firearm ownership or the extensive
welfare system. It turned out that the Swiss
(along with some other welfare nations, like
Sweden) were not reporting all their crime rate.
However, it was true that their crime rate was
fairly low.

Reasons of having low crime rates
They did not remarkable job
managing their underclass
population, the poor people who
lived the ghettos and slums.
Swiss crime control is highly
effective in using an iron fist,
velvet glove approach toward
those who commit crime and come
from the bottom echelons of Swiss
society. For example, when a poor
person commits a crime, the
government goes to work analyzing
the family, educational, and
employment needs of everyone in
that poor persons family. Then,
after some punishment (which the
offender frequently agrees with as
deserved, a long term treatment
plan is put into effect to raise that
family out of poverty.

b. Japan
Another country with an interestingly low
crime rate is Japan where the crime rates are
not necessarily that low, but stable and
resistant to fluctuating spikes.
Some reasons of having low crime rates are
the characteristics of this country which
include:
community policing
a patriarchal family system
the importance of higher education,
and the way businesses serve as
surrogate families.

Asian societies are also shame-based rather than
guilt-based as Western societies are. For example,
it is unthinkable to commit a crime in such places
because of shame it would bring upon ones family
and the business or corporation with which that
family is associated with.

c. Ireland
Ireland is another place with a unexpectedly
low crime rate. Despite a serious
unemployment, the presence of large urban
ghettos, and a crisis with religious terrorism, the
Irish pattern of urban crime is no higher than its
pattern or rural crime.

The key reason of having low crime rate is
the factor that appears to be:
a. A sense of hope and confidence among
the people Legitimate surveys, for
example, show that 86% of more of the
population believe that the local
authorities are well-skilled and doing
everything they can.
b. People felt like they had a high degree
of population participation in crime
control.

d. Egypt
The Siwa Oasis in Egypt is another place
with little or no crime. The population of 23,000
consists of 11 tribes who are the descendants of
ancient Greeks, and it is said that Plato himself
fashioned his model or perfect government in
the Republic there. The inhabitants practice a
moderate form of Islamic justice, rejecting
Shariah punishment and embracing Urrf law
(the law of tradition). Conflicts are resolved by a
tribal council, and there are no jails or prisons.
The last known crime occurred around 1950,
- Jpanase Proverb
and was an act of involuntary manslaughter.
The typical punishment of wrong doing is social
ostracization (shunning). This type of society is
an excellent example of the folk-communal, or
informal justice system.

13. What are the 7 Theories of Comparative
Criminology?

According to Scheider (2001), the various
theories that exist with empirical support are the
following theories of comparative Criminology:

1. Alertness to crime theory is that as a nation
develops, peoples alertness to crime is
heightened, so they report more crime to police
and also demand the police become more
effective at solving crime problems.
2. Economic or migration theory is that crime
everywhere is the result of unrestrained
migration and over population in urban areas
such as ghettos and slums.
3. Opportunity theory is that along with higher
standards of living, victims become more
careless of their belongings, and opportunities
for committing crime multiply.
4. Demographic theory is based on the event of
when a greater number of children are being
born, because as these baby booms grow up,
delinquent subcultures develop out of the
adolescent identity crisis. Deprivation theory
holds that progress comes along with rising
expectations, and people at the bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top
dont see themselves rising fast enough.
5. Modernization theory sees the problem as
society becoming too complex.
6. Theory of anomie and synomie (the latter being
a term referring to social cohesion on values),
suggests that progressive lifestyle and norms
result in the disintegration of older norms that
once held people together (anomie).

14. What are the types of police in the world?

The following are some of the types of
police
1. Uniformed police
2. Detectives
3. Auxiliary
4. Special police
5. Military police
6. Religious police
7. Border police
8. Transport police

15. Differentiate centralized from decentralized system
of law enforcement?

Decentralized Law Enforcement
Decentralized police refers to a system where
police administrations and operations are independent
from one state to another. It is more applicable to
countries with federal government.

In many countries, particularly those with a federal
system of government, there may be several police or
police-like organizations, each serving different levels of
government and enforcing different subsets of the
applicable law. The United States has a highly
decentralized and fragmented system of law
enforcement, with over 17,000 state and local law
enforcement agencies. Germany and UK have also
decentralized law enforcement agencies.

Countries with Centralized policing system
Simply means on police force operating in a
country.
Some countries, such as Chile, Israel, Philippines,
France, Austria, use a centralized system of policing. A
country with only one recognized police force which
operates entire that country is called is called
centralized police. Thus, Philippines is an example of
centralized police because the Philippine National Police
has one central office with many regional, provincial
and local branches throughout the country.
16. What can the Philippines National Police Adopt?

As to organization, decentralization of
regional or city police office that can be financially
support its operation. This is to do away with the
scenario that the fault of Manila is the fault of the
entire officers of the PNP.

As the responsibilities, the specific functions
of officers assigned in the Koban and Chuzaizho can
be applied hence, the new PNP officers can be
assigned to

A. Gather data related to his jurisdiction (for city police
officer) like list of people who are
- working late at night who might be of help as
witnesses to crime
- not engage in formal employment (stand by)
- owns gun or swords
- with mental illness
- old living in the area alone who should be
visited periodically
- leaders of legitimate organizations
- leaders of illegitimate organization
- total population
- list of households, rented homes and
apartments

B. Conduct the following (for provincial or municipal
police officer) like
Visit each house twice a year to be
acquainted and to determine their needs
related to law enforcement
- Jpanase Proverb
Seminars among barangay leaders related
to peace and order

As to the general entry qualification, height must
not be a requirement (from UK Law Enforcement) when
the applicant has an above average intelligent quotient.
As to participation of civilian, accreditation of
individuals who are not members of the PNP but with
specialization in the fields related to law enforcement is
encourage.
For example, priest, pastors and ministries may be
involved in values trainings of the PNP. Biologist,
Ballisticians and other related profession may be
accredited to help in law enforcement exercises.
Another on organization and supervision, the PNP
may be separated and be fully controlled and
supervised by the National Police Commission without
interference of local executives.
For example, a City Chief of Police could have same
position as a City Mayor. The former is in charge with
peace and order and law enforcement concerns while
the last later is more an administration of the citys
concern not covering the concern of the chief of police.
Coordination and cooperation are imperative in this
recommendation. This idea will empower the PNP to
initiate a more constructive and practical ways to
improve peace and order. This recommendation may
also reduce the incidence of taking orders from the
whims and caprices of corrupt politicians, examples is
the Maguindanao Massacre.

17. What are the 2 Types of Court Systems of the
World?

1. Adversarial System
In adversarial the accused is innocent until
proven guilty, and inquisitorial, where the
accused is guilty until proven innocent or
mitigated. The U.S. adversarial system is unique
in the world. No other nation, not even the U.K.
places as much emphasis upon determination
of factual guilt in the courtroom as the U.S.
does. Outside the U.S. most trials are concerned
with legal guilt where everyone knows the
offender did it, and the purpose is to get the
offender to apologize, own up to their
responsibility, argue for mercy, or suggest an
appropriate sentence for themselves.
2. Inquisitorial Systems
Where lesser rights are granted to the
accused, and the written law is taken as gospel
and subject to little interpretation.

18. What is Globalization?

Globalization is a process of interaction and
integration among the people, companies, and
government of different nations, as process driven
by international trade and investment and aided by
information technology. This process has effects on
the environment, on culture, on political systems,
on economic development and prosperity, and on
human physical well-being in societies around the
world.

In economic context, it refers to the
reduction and removal of barriers between national
borders in order to facilitate to flow of goods,
capital, services and labor..although considerable
barriers remain to the flow of labor.

19. What are Effects of Globalization to La w
Enforcement in the Philippines? (V. Delos Santos)
The facilitation of transnational crimes and
criminals can be easily achieved.
There is a need for transnational policing.
The cooperation among police organization
in the world is vital.
Training instructional for incoming law
enforcement officers must include advance
computer to prepare them as cyber cops so
they can be better prepared to deal with
cyber crimes.
Development of new strategies to deal with
international organized crimes is a must.
Provisions of law enforcement with
updated legislations related to
modernization theory of crime.

20. What are the Threats to Law Enforcement Brought
by Globalization

International criminal networks have been
quick to take advantage of the opportunities
resulting from the revolutionary changes in world
politics, technology, and communication that have
strengthened democracy and free markets, brought
the worlds nations closer together, and given the
some countries unprecedented security and
prosperity.

Globalization allowed international
criminals to expand their networks and increase
their cooperation in illicit activities and financial
transactions.

Criminals have taken advantage of
transitioning and more open economies to establish
front companies and quasi-legitimate businesses
that facilitates smuggling, money laundering,
financial frauds, intellectual property piracy, and
other illicit ventures.

Criminal groups have taken advantage of
the high volume of legitimate trade to smuggle
drugs, arms, and other contraband across national
boundaries.

Criminals are able to exploit the complexity
of the international system to hide drugs or other
- Jpanase Proverb
contraband or to conceal the true origin and
ownership of cargo within contraband is hidden.

Through the use of computers,
international criminals have an unprecedented
capability to obtain, process, and protect
information and sidestep law enforcement
investigations. They can use the interactive
capabilities of advanced computer and
telecommunications systems to plot marketing
strategies for drugs and other illicit commodities,
to find the most efficient routes and methods for
smuggling and moving money or banking security.
International criminals also take advantage of the
speed and magnitude of financial transactions and
the fact that there are few safeguards to prevent
abuse of the system to move large amounts of
money without scrutiny. More threateningly, some
criminals organizations appear to be adept at using
technology for counter intelligence purpose and for
tracking law enforcement activities.

21. What are the Different Police Global Organizations?

The different police international
associations in the world are
ASEAN Chiefs of Police
Europol
IACP
Interpol
UN policing

22. When was ASEAN Chiefs of Police Establish?

Aseanapol (ASEAN Chiefs of police) was
established in 1998.

23. What are the member of countries of ASEAN CP?

Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Brunei Darussalam
Vietnam
Lao PDR
Myanmar
Cambodia

24. What are the objectives of ASEANAPOL?

1. Enhancing police professionalism
2. Forging stronger regional co-operation in police
work and promoting lasting friendship among
the police officers of ASEAN countries.

25. What is EUROPOL?

It means European Police Office or Europol
Europal is the European Unions criminal
intelligence agency. It became fully operational on 1
July 1999.

26. What is the aim of Europol?

Europols aim to improve the effectiveness
and co-operation between the competent
authorities of the member states primarily by
sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and
combat serious international organized crime. Its
mission is to make a significant contribution to the
European Unions law enforcement efforts targeting
organized crime.

27. What is the mission of Europol?

The mission of Europol is to make a
significant contribution to the European Unions law
enforcement action against organized crime and
terrorism with an emphasis on targeting criminal
organizations.

28. How does Europol Assist Member States
Investigations?

Europol supports the law enforcement
activities of the member states by:
Facilitating the exchange of information
between Europol and Europol Liaison Officers
(ELOs) are seconded the Europol by the Members
States as representatives of their national law
enforcement agencies, thus they are not under the
command of Europol and its Director as such.
Furthermore, they act in accordance with their
national law.

Providing operational analysis and support
to Member States operations;

Providing expertise and technical support
for investigations and operations carried out within
the EU, under the supervision and the legal
responsibility of the Member States;

Generating strategic reports (e.g. threat
assessment) and crime analysis on the basis of
information and intelligence supplied by Member
States or gathered from other sources.

29. What is Europolss mandate?

Europols supports the law enforcement
activities of the member states mainly
against:

Illicit drug trafficking
Illicit immigration networks;
- Jpanase Proverb
Terrorism; Forgery of money
(counterfeiting of the euro) and
other means of payment;
Trafficking in human beings
(including child pornography);
Illicit vehicle trafficking;
Money laundering.

30. Does Europol only act on request?

Yes, Europol only acts on request at
present. However, the Protocol of the 28 November
2002 amending the Europol convention, allows
Europol to request the competent authorities of the
Member States to investigate. Article 3 b) of the
Protocol states that Member States should be deal
with any request from Europol to initiate, conduct
or co-ordinate investigations in specific cases and
should give such requests due consideration.
Europol should be informed whether the requested
investigation will be initiated.

31. What is the added value of having Europol as a
European law enforcement agency?

There are numerous advantages for the
European law enforcement community. Europol is
unique in this field as it is multi-disciplinary agency,
comprising not only regular price officers but staff
members from the various law enforcement
agencies of the Member States and covering
specialized areas such as customs, immigration
services, intelligence services, border and financial
police.

32. What is IACP?

It stands for International Association of
Chiefs of Police. The International Association of
Chiefs of Police is the worlds oldest and largest
nonprofit membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80
different countries. IACPs leadership consists of the
operating chief executes of international, federal,
state and local agencies of all sizes.

33. What are the Missions of IACP?

The IACP shall
1. Advance professional police services;
2. Promote enhanced administrative,
technical, and operational police
practices, foster cooperation and the
exchange of information and
experience among police leaders and
police organizations of recognized
professional and technical standing
throughout the world.

34. What is Interpol?

Interpol is the short form of International
Criminal Police Organization. It began in 1923, and
at the same time its name was International
Criminal Police Commission. In 1956, its name
became International Criminal Police Organization.
The word Interpol was a short of International
Criminal Police Organization. This short form served
as the address to receive telegrams. Slowly, the
name of this international organization became
famous as Interpol. Now, Interpol is the second
biggest international organization; the United
Nations is the first. Some important information
about Interpol:

Interpol is crime fighting organization, just
like your local police department. Instead, they help
other member countries that need to co-operate by
connecting all members of Interpol by a network of
files of criminals and cases if any of Interpols 182
nations need them.

35. What does Interpol do?

Interpol records any information about
something that was in a criminal case, ex:
information on criminals, type of crime, vehicles,
anything to help any police officer with information
about a certain crime.

36. Why was Interpol created?

The countries in Europe needed a co-
operation between countries. This was needed
because criminals would commit crimes in one
country in Europe and then skip to another
country to avoid prosecution. Since Europe is a
tightly packed continent, police didnt have enough
time to catch criminals, and the idea was created.

37. What UN Police Do?

One of the objectives of the Philippine
National Police Officers being deployed in the UN
mission is for mentoring other law enforcement of
foreign countries like East Timor and Kosovo.
Assistance to host-state police and other
law enforcement agencies. United Nations Police
Officers support the reform, restructuring and
rebuilding of domestic police and other law
enforcement agencies through training and
advising. Direct assistance is also provided, often
through trust funds, for the refurbishment of
facilities and the procurement of vehicles,
communication equipment and other law
enforcement material. Such assistance has been
provided in the past, for example, by the police
components of peace operations in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Burundi, Cote dlvoire, Democratic
- Jpanase Proverb
Republic of Congo, Haiti, Kosovo, Liberia and Sierre
Leone.

38. What is Transnational Organized Crime?

Transnational organized crime involves the
planning and execution of illicit business ventures
by groups or networks of individuals working in
more than one country. These criminal groups use
systematic violence and corruption to achieve their
goal. Crimes commonly include money laundering;
human smuggling; cybercrime; and trafficking of
humans, drugs, weapons, endangered species, body
parts, or nuclear material.
Transnational crime ring activities weaken
economies and financial systems and undermine
democracy. These networks often prey on
governments that are not powerful enough to
oppose them, prospering on illegal activities, such
as drug trafficking that bring them immense profits.
In carrying out illegal activities, they upset the
peace and stability of nations worldwide, often
using bribery, violence, or terror to achieve their
goals.

39. What the Major Transnational Organized Crime
Groups?

Transnational crime often operate in well-
organized groups, intentionally united to carry out
illegal actions. Groups typically involve certain
hierarchies and are headed by a powerful leader.
These transnational organized crime groups work to
make a profit through illegal activities. Because
groups operate internationally, their activity is a
threat to global security, often weakening
governmental institutions or destroying legitimate
business endeavors.

Well-known organized crime groups
include:
Russian Mafia.
Around 200 Russian groups that
operate in nearly 60 countries
worldwide. They have been
involved in racketeering, fraud, tax
evasion, gambling, drug trafficking,
ransom, robbery and murder.
La Cosa Nostra.
Known as the Italian or Italian-
American mafia. The most
prominent organized crime group in
the world from the 1920s to the
1990s. They have been involved in
violence, arson, bombings, torture,
sharking, gambling, drug trafficking,
health insurance fraud, and political
and judicial corruption.
Yakuza
Japanese criminal group. Often
involved in multinational criminals
activities, including human
trafficking, gambling, prostitution,
and undermining licit businesses.
FukChing.
Chinese organized group in the
United States. They have been
involved in smuggling, street
violence, and human trafficking.
Triads.
Underground criminal societies
based in Hong Kong. They control
secret markets and bus routes and
are often involved in money
laundering and drug trafficking.
Heijin
Taiwanese gangsters who are often
executives in large corporations.
They are often involved in white
collar crimes, such as illegal stock
trading and bribery, and sometimes
run for public office.
Jao Pho.
Organized crime group in Thailand.
They are often involved in illegal
political and business activity.
Red Wa.
Gangsters from Thailand. They are
involved in manufacturing and
trafficking methamphetamine.

40. What is Human Trafficking?

Human Trafficking is the illegal in human
beings for the purposes of commercial sexual
exploitation or forced labor: a modern-day form of
slavery. It is the fastest growing criminal industry in
the world, and tied with the illegal arms industry as
the second largest, after the drug, trade.
Human Trafficking is a crime against
humanity. It further defined as an act of recruiting,
transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving a
person through a use of force, coercion or other
means, for the purpose of exploiting them. Every
year, thousands of men, women and children fall
into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries
and abroad. Every country in the world is affected
by trafficking, whether as a country of origin, tansit
or destination for victims. UNODC, as guardian of
the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and the
Protocols thereto, assists States in their efforts to
implement the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and
Punish Trafficking in Person (Trafficking in Persons
Protocol).

41. What are the Elements of Human Trafficking?
On the basis of the definition given in the
trafficking in persons protocol, t is evident that
- Jpanase Proverb
trafficking in persons has three constituent
elements;

The Act (What is done)
Recruitment, transportation,
transfer, harboring, or receipt of
persons
The Means (How it is done)
Threat or use of force, coercion,
abduction, fraud, deception, abuse
of power or vulnerability, or giving
payments or benefits to a person in
control of the victim
The Purpose (Why it is done)
For the purpose of exploitation,
which include exploiting the
prostitution of others, sexual
exploitation, forced labor, slavery
or similar practices and the
removal of organs.

To ascertain whether a particular circumstances
constitutes trafficking in persons, consider the definition of
trafficking in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the
constituent elements of the offence, as defined by relevant
domestic legislation.

42. What is Drug Trafficking?

Drug trafficking involves selling drugs and
drug paraphernalia, whether is it local exchange
between a user and a dealer or a major
international operation. Drug trafficking I a problem
that affects every nation in the world and exists in
many levels.
Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange
of drugs and drug paraphernalia. This include any
equipment used to manufacture illegal drugs or use
them.

43. What are Cybercrimes?

Cybercrimes are generally defined as any
type of illegal activity that makes use of the
Internet, a private or public network, or an in-house
computer system. While many forms of cybercrime
revolve around the appropriation of proprietary
information for unauthorized use, other examples
are focused more on a invasion of privacy. As a
growing problem around the world, many countries
are beginning to implement laws and other
regulatory mechanisms in an attempt to minimize
the incidence of cybercrime.

44. What is Terrorism?

1. The use of violence and threats to
intimidate or coerce, especially for
political purposes.
2. The state of fear and submission
produced by terrorism for terrorization.
3. A terroristic method of governing or of
resisting a government.

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror
especially as a means of coercion. At present, the
International community has been unable to
formulate a university agreed, legally binding,
criminal law definition of terrorism. Common
definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent
acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are
perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological
goal, and deliberately target or disregard the safety
of non-combatants (civilians).

Some definitions also include acts of
unlawful violence and war. This history of terrorism
organizations suggest that they do not select
terrorism for its political effectiveness. Individual
terrorists tend to be motivated more by a desire for
social solidarity with other members of their
organization than by political platforms or strategic
objectives, which are often murky and undefined.

45. What is Money Laundering?

Money Laundering is the process of creating
the appearance that large amounts of money
obtained from serious crimes, such as drug
trafficking, originated from a legitimate source. It is
a crime in many jurisdictions with varying
definitions. It is a key operation of the underground
economy.

46. Who is the only Filipino Former President of the
Interpol?

Jolly R. Bugarin was the Filipino President of
the Interpol in 1980 1984 after the term of Carl G.
Persson of Sweden.

- Jpanase Proverb
Chapter II

Multiple Choice Questions

This chapter is divided into four divisions of multiple
choice type of examination. It is intended to prepare the
reviewee to pass the licensure examination. The suggested
answer are provided at the end of each exam, except for
the last set of examination.

Test I. Multiple Choice:

Directions: Select the best answers. Letters only.

1. Mongolias Security forces are divided into
agencies, which of this responsible for internal
defense?
a. Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs
b. Ministry of Home Affairs
c. General Intelligence
d. Ministry of Defense

2. The duration training of private and sergeant officer
in Mongolia is months while those
assigned lieutenant will spend years in
Mongolia Police Academy.
a. 6 to 12 months, 2-4 years
b. 6 to 10 months, 1-3 years
c. 3 to 6 months, 3-5 years
d. 3 to 6 months, 1-4 years

3. Aymag in police of Mongolia means
a. Municipality b. City c. Province
d. State

4. Kuwait government s very rigid in screening of its
police officer except in the qualification of
a. education b. citizenry c. relationship of tribal
groups d. relationship of the ruling family

5. What is the lowest rank in Police Kuwait?
a. Constable b. Private 1
st
class c.
Police Officer I d. Police Constable

6. Police Act of 1963 is the law establishing
a. Police in Nepal b. Police in Malaysia c.
Police in Taiwan d. Police in Trinidad Tobago

7. Which of the following countries which
decentralized policing system?
a. Indonesia b. Philippines c.
Kuwait d. Germany

8. In Pakistan, this law made their police organization
the norm to be followed in all provinces under the
British Rule. What is this law?
a. Police Act of 1861 b. Police Act of 1881 c.
Police Act of 1871 d. Police Act of 1891

9. Republic Act number 6975 is the law creating the
PNP organization under the DILG while Republic
Act Number 8551 refers to the law of Philippine
National Police Reform and Reorganization act of
1998. What is the Taiwans law similar these laws?
a. Police Act no. 3 of 1889 c. Police Act
no. 3 of 1888
b. Police Act no. 4 of 1889 d. Police
Act. No. 4 of 1888

10. The duties of police are defined by the law
on authorities of the Interior and concern
the maintenance of public order and fight against
crime in Kyrgzstan.
a. 2005 b. 1985 c. 1995 d.
1975

11. Although the educational qualifications may vary
from province to province, generally the
requirement for constables in Pakistan is?
a. 12 years of school education
b. 10 years of school education
c. 11 years of school education
d. 9 years of school education

12. In Angola, the age qualification to become police is
.
a. 18 to 55 years old b. 18 to 35 years old c.
18 to 45 years old d. 18 to 25 years old

13. In Sri Lanka, the following are the three divisions of
police ranks, except:
a. Gazzetted officers b. Junior Gazzetted
officers c. Senior Gazzetted officers
d. Non Gazzetted officers

14. Which of the following s the lowest rank in Police Sri
Lanka?
a. Police Constable Class I c. Police
Constable Class 2
b. Police Constable Class 3 d. Police
Constable Class 4

15. What is the highest rank in Kuwait Police
a. Lt. General b. Major General c.
General d. Brigadier General

16. Punjab prison in located in?
a. Oman b. Israel c.
Saudi Arabia d. Pakistan

17. The equivalent of Senior Police officer 4 (SP04 in the
PNP) to that Kazakhstan Law enforcement rank is?
a. Senior praporshik of militsiya
b. Senior starshina of militsiya
c. Senior sergeant of militsiya
d. Senior private of militsiya

18. Police officer 2 in the Philippines is in
Israel?
- Jpanase Proverb
a. RavNitzav b. RavShoter c.
Nitzav d. Shoter

19. What is the appropriate number of professional
police officers in Izrael?
a. 30,000 b. 7,000 c.
300,000 d. 70,000

20. What is the main mission of police in India?
a. Safer India b. Towards Safer India c.
Towards Peaceful India d. Peaceful India

21. Chowkidars means
a. Volunteer police in India
b. Municipal police in India
c. Rural police in India
d. Urban police in India

22. In India, there are three levels of entry into the
police force. What are these?
a. First is as constable, for which at least a
secondary school education is required.
b. For the second level of entry, the qualification is
a degree in any discipline.
c. Candidate has to sit for a written examination,
and later for an interview.
d. For scheduled castes and scheduled tribes,
marginal concession are given in respect to
education qualification and age
a. a, b and c b. c, b and d
c. a, b and d d. c, a and b

23. United Kingdom has no national police force, only a
network of individual forces, which may coordinate
more centrally in times of crisis through what are
known as mutual aid procedures. This statement is
true. These statements are
a. True b. False c. Partially
True d. Partially False

24. The federal government is prohibited from
exercising general police powers due to restrictions
in the constitution, because the United States is
organized as a union of sovereign states, which earn
retain their police, military and domestic law-
making power. This statement is
a. True b. False c.
Partially True d. Partially False

25. The United States has 3 styles of policing. Which of
these is emphasizes the maintaining order, usually
found in communities with a declining industrial
base, and a blue-collar, mixed ethnic/racial
population. This form of policing is implicitly less
pro-active than other styles, and certain offenses
may be overlooked on a variety of social, legal,
and cultural grounds, as long as the public order is
maintained.
a. Watchman b. Service c.
Legalistic d. Security

26. The Royal Police of Brunei is in charge of the
following functions. Except
a. Prisons b. fire services c.
the issuing of licenses d. immigration

27. The country of Cambodia is surrounded by
a. Laos b. Vietnam c.
Thailand d. Persian Gulf
a. a, b and c b. b, c and d c. a,
b and d d. all of the above

28. Which of the following countries that include in
their the two-month training course the
Information Technology designed to improve their
ability to process ID cards?
a. Cambodia b. California c.
Columbia d. Sri Lanka

29. What are the three security agencies under the
Syrian law enforcement?
a. General security b. state security c.
political security d. territorial security
a. a, b and c b. b, c and d c. a,

30. The equipment of Police Officer I in Cambodian law
enforcement rank is
a. Officer cadet b. warrant officer c.
chief warrant officer d.
constable

31. The flag of Iraq has three equal horizontal bands of
red (top) white and black, the takbir in green Arabic
script is centered in the white band. That is meant
by takbir?
a. God is great b. God loves Iraq c.
God saves Iraq d. God saves Saddam

32. The equivalent of National Police Commission in the
Philippines in Sir Lanka is
a. National Police Commission
b. National Public Security Commission
c. National Police Board
d. National Police Protection Commission

33. The name of Kuwait is derived from the Arabic
meaning fortress built near water.
a. Akwat b. Kouwati c.
Kauwat d. Kouwat

34. The ISF al-mudiriyya al-aama li-Quwwa al-Amin
al-Dakhili) or Forcers de Securitereriure (FSI) in
French is the national police and security force of
Lebanon which means.
a. Internal security forces
b. Security for Peace and Order
c. Peace and Order Security Force
d. Police security Force

- Jpanase Proverb
35. The highway patrol or motorway police in Germany
is
a. Wasserschutzpolizei b. Autobahnpolizei c.
Spezialeinsatzkommando d. Higpatrolpolizie

36. What is the equivalent of National Police
Commissions in the Philippines to that of Japan Law
Enforcement?
a. National Public Safety Commission
b. National Police Agency Commission
c. National Police and Public Commission
d. National Public and Safety Commission

37. Under the Japanese historical police organization,
which of the following is in charge of the
investigation and control of political groups and
ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order?
a. Tokko b. Tokeitai c.
Kempetai d. Kidotai

38. Below are included functions of police in Japan
which is gathering of information related to their
duties. The information they gather include the
following except those
a. Working late at night who might be of help as
witnesses to crime
b. Normally cooperative with the police
c. Not engage in formal employment (stand by)
d. Owns gun or swords

a. a, b and c b. no exception c. a,

39. One of the opportunities brought by globalization to
law enforcement is that criminals have taken
advantage of transitioning and more open
economies to establish front companies and quasi-
legitimate businesses that facilitate smuggling,
money laundering, financial frauds, intellectual
property piracy, and other illicit ventures. This
statement is
a. True b. partly false c.
false d. Partly false

40. The statement that criminal groups have taken
advantage of the high volume of legitimate trade to
smuggle drugs, arms, and other contraband across
national boundaries is considered
a. Threat to law enforcement brought by
globalization
b. Opportunity to law enforcement brought by
globalization
c. Both threat and opportunity to law
enforcement
d. Challenge to law enforcement

41. Policing plays an increasingly important role in
United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to
grown in the year ahead, especially as the
international community seeks to develop the rule
of law and reform security institutions in States
recovering from conflict. This is the concept of
a. Transnational policing b. Global policing c.
National policing d. Divided policing

42. The following are international police associations
in the world, except:
a. Europol
b. IACP
c. Interpol
d. None of the above

43. Which of the following is not a member of ASEAN
Chiefs of Police?
a. Indonesia b. Philippines c.
Malaysia c. North Korea

44. Does Europol only act on request?
a. Yes, Europol should be informed whether the
requested investigation will be initiated.
b. Yes, member states should deal with any
request from Europol to initiate, conduct or co-
ordinate investigations in specific cases and
should give such request due consideration.
c. a and b are correct
d. only b is correct

45. Where is the present Interpol headquarters
located?
a. Lyon, France b. Saint Cloud, a town
located near Paris c. Italy d. London

46. As of 2012, what is the estimate total member
country of the Interpol?
a. 300 b. 100 c. 200
d. 50

47. Interpol does not take political side in its work. It
takes cases where the crime or the matter relates
to more than one country. It looks after many types
of cases. Some of them are noted below, except:
a. Terrorism b. Illicit drug production
c. Organized crime d. rebellion

48. The countries in Europe needed a co-operation
between countries. This was needed because
criminals would commit crimes in one country in
Europe and then skip to another country to avoid
prosecution. Since Europe is tightly packed
continent, police didnt have enough time to catch
criminals, this was the idea why?
a. Interpol was created b. UN police was created
c. Europol was created d. IACP was created

49. Which of the following is not a mission of the IACP?
a. Advance professional police service
b. Promote enhanced police administration
c. Foster cooperation and the exchange of
information and experience among the police
leaders and police organizations of recognized
- Jpanase Proverb
professional and technical standing throughout
the world.
d. Arrest the suspect

50. The Taiwanese gangsters who are often executes in
large corporations. They are often involved in white
collar crimes, such as illegal stock trading and
bribery, and sometimes run for public office. This is
a. Heijin b. Red Wa c.
Jao Pho d. La Cosa Nostra

51. In Cambodian Law enforcement, the police are
organized into six departments. Which of the
following is not one of them?
a. security b. public order c. transport
d. investigation

52. Indonesia Police has command and divided into
territorial force. Which of these is called provincial
police?
a. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda
b. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil
c. Kipolisian Resort or Polres
d. Kepolisian Sektor or Polsek

53. In the law enforcement organization of Qatar, the
Police is commanded by a commandant who is
. For operational purposes, the emirate is
divided into four departments: Airport, Doha, North
and Umm Said
a. senior military officer b. colonel
c. brigadier d. lieutenant colonel

54. What is the equivalent of police officer I in the PNP
organization to that Qatar law enforcement
organization?
a. constable b. shorta I c.
policeman I d. Shurti

55. Which of the following types of United States police
also known as boroughs?
a. Federal b. Country c.
State d. Sheriff

56. What is known as religious or moralist police in
Saudi Arabia?
a. Mubahith b. Moro front c.
Mutaween d. Mara Noah

57. Mutaween is a police responsible for
a. Enforcement of the constitution
b. Enforcement of the Quran
c. Investigation
d. Intelligence
58. Which of the following is the lowest commissioned
police rank in Thailand?
a. Phantamruat tir b. Roitamruattho c.
Roitamruatek d. Roitamruat tri

59. What is the equivalent of roitamruat tri?
a. police major b. police lieutenant c.
police captain d. police sub-lieutenant

60. Which of the following is not one of the states in
United Kingdom?
a. Scotland b. Ireland c.
England d. New Zealand

61. What is the age qualification to qualify for Taiwan
police?
a. 21-30 b. 19-29 c.
20-30 d. 18-28

62. What is the equivalent of DILG in China law
enforcement?
a. Ministry of public order
b. Ministry of justice
c. Ministry of local government
d. Ministry of public security

63. What is the equivalent of Philippine National Police
in Saudi Arabia?
a. Saudi Police Force b. Saudi National
Police
c. Saudi National Security Force d.
Department of Public Safety

64. A law enforcement agency which not only enjoys
the respect of the society, for its integrity,
professional competence, and impartially but also
serves as a role model for provincial police forces.
This the vision of Federal Investigation Agency of
a. USA police b. UK police c.
UAE police d. Pakistan police

65. The no height requirement is applicable in the
following countries, except:
a. Vietnam b. UK c. Australia
d. Afghanistan

66. What is the equivalent of PNP in Oman?
a. Oman Security Police
b. Oman Department of Public Security
c. Republic of Oman Police
d. Royal Oman Police

67. The Department of Interior and Local Government
in the Philippines is in Iran.
a. Department of Interior
b. Ministry of Interior
c. Ministry of Interior and Home affairs
d. Ministry of Interior and justice

68. The National Police of Angola it has the lowest rank
of
a. conscript b. field marshall c.
office cadet d. constable

69. The name of Comoros police is
a. Comoros Security Force
- Jpanase Proverb
b. Comoros National Police
c. Comoros National Police Force
d. Comoros National Police Security Force

70. In Madagascar, the name of national police is
a. National Gendarmerie
b. National Madagascar Police
c. Madagascar National Police

71. Namibian Police Force has the highest rank of
a. Inspector General c. Director
General
b. Police Commissioner d. 5 Star
General

72. A Review whereby advisory opinions rather than
judgments are rendered because constitutionality is
decided without hearing an actual case that has
arisen under a particular law is
a. adjudications b. administrative
c. adversarial d. abstract

73. Attorney in France are called?
a. advocats b. counsel c.
lawyer d. your honor

74. Committees in England that act as an independent
watch dog on the prisons, meeting with inmates
and staff to safeguard the well-being and rights of
all prisoners and to help with problems of discipline
and administrations.
a. Board of Borstals b. Board of Bundestag c.
Board of Bundersat d. Board of Visitors

75. What is the Police Force Act in which the New
Zealand Police Force was established as a single
national force?
a. Constabulary act of 1876 b. Police
Force Act of 1886
b. Police Force Act of 1947 c. Police Act
of 1958

76. The central training institution for police recruits
and police officers in New Zealand.
a. New Zealand Police College
b. Royal New Zealand Police College
c. Royal New Zealand Police College
d. Royal New Zealand Law Enforcement College

77. New Zealand Police is a
organization.
a. centralized b. decentralized
c. disorganized d. demoralized

78. New Zealand Police is divided into how many
districts?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 11 d.
13

79. Created in 1964 to provide a specialist armed
response unit, similar to CO19 in the United
Kingdom.
a. Special Tactics Group c.
Armed Offenders Squad
b. Special Air Service d.
Special Weapon Group

80. How many ranks are there in the New Zealand
Police?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d.
13

81. What is the Motto of the New Zealand Police?
a. Safer Communities Everywhere
b. Safer Communities Together
c. Safer Communities Forever
d. Safer Communities Police

82. What is the percentage of officers with the rank of
Commissioners in the New Zealand Police?
a. 5% b. 75% c. 15% d.
80%

83. Which of the following is not among the Chinese
police components:
a. Patrol police b. prison police c. Judicial
procuratorates d. Judicial Peoples court

84. Which type of Chinese police responsible for
escorting suspects in cases investigated by the
prosecutors?
a. security police b. prison police c. judicial
procuratorates d. judicial peoples court

85. The Chinese principal police authority. It is
responsible for maintaining social and public order,
and also for the conducting investigations and
arrest of suspects in criminal cases. It maintains
public order in accordance with the administrative
power granted by law and through the police force.
a. Ministry of Public Safety
b. Ministry of State Security
c. Peoples Armed Police
d. Peoples Liberation Police e

86. The first work line defense in police Japan is
a. Kidotai b. Tokko c. Koban
d. kempetai

87. How many police ranks are there in China police?
a. 12 b. 15 c. 13 d.
16

88. What is the equivalent of Police officer I to the
police rank in UK?
a. Police constable I b. Kobantable c.
Constable d. Patrol officer

- Jpanase Proverb
89. What is the equivalent rank of Director General to
police rank in China?
a. Police Commissioner c. Chief
Constable
b. Chief Supt d. Chief of
Police

90. Taiwans police emergency call number is?
a. 1-1-10 b. 1-1-1 c.
5-5-5 d. 911

91. The Republic of Kazakhstan has police force, its
name is?
a. Republic of Kazakhstan Police Force
b. Republic of Kazakhstan Security Force
c. Kazakhstan Military Police
d. Kazakhstan Royal Police
92. Which of the following is not an entry qualification
for police in Canada?
a. Completed 4 years secondary education
b. 18 years old and above
c. Certified first aid CPR
d. Must pass polygraph test

a. None of the above is qualification
b. All of the above are qualifications
c. A and c are not qualifications
d. C and d are not qualifications

93. What is the exact name of the police force in
Canada
a. Royal Canadian Mounted Police
b. Canada Security Force
c. National Police Agency of Canada
d. Department of Canadian Security Force

94. Chief Superintendent in Canada police rank is
equivalent to in the Philippines.
a. Director b. Sr. Spt. d. Chief
Supt. d. Deputy Director General

95. Canada is the 2
nd
largest country in the world the
biggest is Russia, what is the approximately
population of the former?
a. 33 million and 100 c. 43
million and 100
b. 53 million and 100 d. 63
million and 100

96. Ukraine police is called?
a. Mileetseeya b. Pulisia c.
policia d. polisia

97. Making the a safer place to live, work,
visit and play is the favorite quotes of police in
.
a. Switzerland b. Ireland
c. Bahamas d. Egypt Oasis

98. One of the places with the highest crime rate in the
world is with 6400 murders per
year @ 8 million population.
a. Columbia b. Syria c. Dominica
d. Sri Lanka

99. Qatar has no height requirement for police and the
age qualification is?
a. 16 years old b. 20 years old c.
18 years old d. 21 years old

100. If the decentralize law enforcement system is to be
adopted in the Philippines, what is the best possible
application?
a. It can be applicable in all cities
b. It can be applicable in all regions
c. It can be applicable to either city or regions that
can financially sustain its operation
d. It can neither be applicable in cities nor in any
regions

Test II. Multiple Choice:

Directions: Select the best answer. Letters only

1. In 1972, the Germans developed the anti-terrorisms
forces which gained as one of the top anti-terrorism
in the world. What is the name of this force?
a. Grinzchutzgruppe b. Grinszvhutzgruppe c.
Grenschutzgruppi d. Grenzschutzgruppe

2. The terrorist group that has significant presence in
China in the 20
th
century is
a. Yugurs b. Rugurys c.
Guyurs c. Uygurs

3. What country where inmates had been forced to tie
themselves to the cell bars to sleep because of lack
of floor space?
a. Brazil b. Germany c.
Venezuela d. Albany

4. A form or restitution used in Islamic countries which
it pays directly to the victim of his family as
compensation for the crime committed
a. community service b. probation
c. restitution d. diyya

5. We punish you not because you have stolen a
chicken but because we do not want others to
follow what you have done. This statement is true
in
a. Retribution b. Incapacitation
c. Rehabilitation d. Deterrence

6. Which country does not apply warning as a form
of criminal sanction?
- Jpanase Proverb
a. European countries b. Slovena
c. Kazakhstan d. Japan

7. In Saudi Arabia the dispute involving relations of
foreign businessmen are generally handled by
a. Shaira court b. Courts of appeal c.
high court d. board of grievances

8. There is no formal division between civil and
criminal cases in Saudi Arabia. This statement is
a. true b. yes c. false
d. no

9. This court handles legal matters across boundaries
and for violations on international standards
a. Supranational court b. Transnational Court c.
Super national court d. national court

10. What is the lowest level of court in Japan?
a. District b. police c.
country d. summary

11. In France what level of court that has he jurisdiction
over minor offenses?
a. assize b. minor c.
correctional d. police

12. Court of Cassation in France has
a. 5 chambers with 15 judges
b. 4 chambers with 15 judges
c. 3 chambers with 15 judges
d. 2 chambers with 15 judges

13. What court of New Zealand that has he jurisdiction
over dispute of lands?
a. Maori b. Crown c.
Country d. House of Lords

14. Magistrate court handles minor offenses in
a. England b. Germany c.
France d. USA

15. The criminal court organization in Germany which
hears minor criminal cases is
a. Amtgerickte b. Oberlandesgerichte
c. Landgericht d. Bundesgerichtshof

16. The word court is derived from Latin word
a. Co-hortus b. none of these c.
cohort d. all of the above

17. Co-hurtus means
a. Being together
b. Being together in
c. Being together in the same garden
d. Together again

18. Basic peoples is practiced in
a. Japan b. France c.
USA d. China

19. What is the most practice form of criminal sanction
which is also the most problematic punishment in
the world?
a. Imprisonment b. Non-Custodial c.
Death Penalty d. Day Fines

20. The length training of police officers in America is
amounting 2-40 weeks. The training covers physical
fitness and classroom instruction. What is the
average length of training?
a. 5 weeks b. 15 week c.
10 weeks d. 20 weeks

21. In China, what is the age requirement so one can be
qualified as police officer?
a. At least 19 years old b. 22 years old
c. 21 years old d. at least 25 years old

22. The unique type of police training for higher officers
in Saudi Arabia involves
a. Extensive academic training
b. Class room training
c. Physical fitness
d. Extensive training on terrorism

23. Which of the following countries has an amount of
training that varies generally 2-3 years?
a. England b. France c.
Japan d. Germany

24. What countrys police organization has its roots in
the Napoleonic system of internal spying and
policing?
a. New Zealand b. Germany c.
New York d. France

25. The two federal police agencies in Germany are
called Federal Investigation Bureau and Federal
police both are under the
a. Ministry of Defense b. Ministry of the
Interior
c. Ministry of the Security d. Ministry of the
Justice
26. In May 2005, Germanys Bundesgrensshutz was
renamed Bundespolize to reflect new responsibility
for domestic security that combined law
enforcement and intelligence. What is meant by
Bundespolize?
a. German Federal c. German
Federal Border
b. Federal Army d. Federal
Police

27. Bundesgrensschutz means
a. German Federal Border Guard
b. German Federal Border
c. Federal Army of External
d. Federal Army of Internal

- Jpanase Proverb
28. The elite counter-terrorism and special operations
unit of Germany is
a. Border guard Group 9 c.
Grenzchutzgruppe 9
b. GSG 9 Bundespolizie d. All of the
above

29. Landespolizei means
a. Security of the land b. town police c.
police of the land d. state police

30. The crime using computer, an example is
harassment via-email is
a. cyber crime b. human
trafficking
c. cyber crimes against property d.
cybercrimes against persons

31. In this mode or manner of cyber crime the hacker
gains access and control over the website of
another.
a. Spider web crime b. virus worm
attacks c. Trojan attacks d. web
jacking

32. A transnational crime that involves an act of
recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or
receiving a person through a use of force, coercion
or other means, for the purpose of exploiting
them.
a. terrorism b. trafficking c.
anti-terrorism d. human trafficking

33. A crime committed by means of interest.
a. pornography b. internet crime
c. illegal viewing d. cyber crime

34. Which of the following is not one of the constituent
elements of human trafficking?
a. the act b. the purpose c.
the means d. the exploitation

35. Which country is not one of the most common
destination for victims of human trafficking?
a. Thailand b. Disneyland c.
Netherlands d. New Zealand

36. Which country is not one of the major sources of
trafficked persons?
a. Albania b. Bulgaria c.
Nigeria d. Australia

37. Under the Islamic law, what is punishment of a
married woman who is found guilty of adultery?
a. Stoning to death
b. Convict is taken to a barren site
c. Death penalty
d. A grave is drug to receive the body

38. In Saudi Arabia, when a person is convicted of theft
for 3
rd
offense he shall receive the punishment of?
a. Amputation of hand b.
amputation of legs
c. amputation of fingers d.
amputation of foot at ankle

39. Who shall do the amputation of parts of body which
serves as punishment in Islamic law?
a. The jail law? b. the
berdugo
c. the authorized jail officer d. the
authorized medical doctor

40. The process of creating the appearance that large
amount of money obtained from serious crimes,
such as drug trafficking.
a. Money laundering c. human trafficking
b. Cyber crime d. money investing

41. The study and description of countrys law, criminal
procedure or justice process is
a. International criminal court
b. International criminal justice
c. International criminal organization
d. International criminal tribunal

42. The German equivalent of municipal police, who
handle all general aspects of law enforcement and
simple investigation is
a. shoffen b. self sur c.
schutzpolizei d. sharia

43. What is the punishment of apostasy among under
the Islamic law?
a. Death by beheading
b. Imprisonment until repentance
c. 100 lashes
d. Both a and c are correct

44. How many witnesses are required in order to prove
that one is guilty of adultery in Islamic law?
a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

45. What is the punishment of rebellion it captured
under the Islam law?
a. death b. death by retaliation c.
imprisonment until death d. 1000 lashes

46. Chusai-san is a
a. Chinese local police c. Chinese
rural police
b. Japanese local police d. Japanese
rural police

47. The local police officer assigned in post in villages
and rural police areas in Japan is called?
a. Kimchusan b. Chusai-san c.
Kitusan d. Chuzaisho

- Jpanase Proverb
48. The belief that social order can be achieved through
moral and political reform because man is by nature
good or capable of goodness is?
a. Napoleonic though b. Deweys thought c.
Peelans thought d. Confucian thought
49. Koban is a police post urban areas in Japan while
Chuzaisho is?
a. Local police officers in China
b. Local police officer in Japan
c. Local police officer in Thailand
d. Local police in New Zealand

50. Gendarmerie Nationale is the French police
organization operating within the Ministry of
Defense that is responsible for?
a. urban areas b. protection of gender
c. rural areas d. protection of rights

51. Schupo or Schutspolize means?
a. village police b. territorial police
c. municipal police d. federal police

52. The moral or religious police force in Saudi Arabia
responsible for enforcing the Quran is?
a. Mubahith b. Mumbaki c.
Mutawa d. Munaikan

53. Offenses whose inception, proportion, and or direct
or indirect effects involve more than one nation is?
a. International crime b. globalization crime c.
transnational crime d. terrorism crime

54. The major anticrime campaign initiated by the
communist party in China is?
a. Xianda b. Zanda c. Yanda
d. Wanda

55. A type of society that has system of laws along with
armies of lawyers and police who tend to keep busy
handling political crime and terrorism and a
punishment.
a. Folk-communal b. urban commercial
c. urban industrial d. bureaucratic

56. A type of criminal or police system where
adversarial is a strong and where lawyers interpret
and judges are bound by precedent.
a. Common b. socialist c.
civil d. Islamic

57. A model of police system that if the criminals are
poor the government would conduct a study so
they could raise the family from poverty.
a. Ireland b. France c.
Switzerland d. Thailand

58. The investigation, evaluating, and comparing the
criminal justice processes of more than one
country, culture, or institution is?
a. Transnational crime
b. International crime
c. Comparative police system
d. Comparative criminal justice system

59. The package of transnational flows of people,
openness to ideas and authority is?
a. Globalization universalization
b. Globalization liberalization
c. Globalization deteritorialization
d. Globalization internationalization

60. A review whereby advisory opinions rather than
judgments are rendered because constitutionality is
decided without hearing an actual case that has
arisen under a particular law is?
a. Adjudicator b. adversarial c.
administrative d. abstract

61. Attorneys in France are called?
a. Advocasts b. Counsel c.
lawyer d. advocates

62. The religious terrorist group that supported Islam in
the current Persian Gulf region during the year
1090-1275.
a. Assasins b. Ujama c.
Al-Qaida d. Yakusa

63. The effect of the drug eradication strategies such
that drugs are eliminated from one region only to
have production increase in another region to meet
demand is called?
a. Balloon b. UFO c. Kite
d. Birds

64. Committees in England that act as an independent
watchdog on the prisons, meeting with inmates and
staff to safeguard the well-being and rights of all
prisoners and to help with problems of discipline
and administrations.
a. Board of Borstals c. Board of
Bundesrat
b. Board of Bundestag d. Board of
Visitors

65. All law that is not criminal; the body if rules that
regulate behavior between individuals that do not
involve the potential of criminal sanctions (contract,
torts, wills, poverty, family matters, commercial
law)
a. Common law b. community law c.
commercial law d. civil law

66. The belief that social order can be achieved through
moral and political reform, man is by nature good or
capable of goodness; the of group consciousness or
collectivity is the main force behind motivating
people to avoid illegal or immoral activity.
a. Mao Tse Tong b. Hitleran c.
Napoleonican d. Confucian
- Jpanase Proverb

67. The illegal trading of persons across borders
against their will formal financial gain is?
a. Human trafficking b. illegal recruitment c.
illegal immigration d. human smuggling

68. The study and description of countrys law, criminal
procedure or justice process.
a. International police
b. International criminal tribunal
c. International criminal organization
d. International criminal justice

69. The holy war by the Islamic fundamentalists who
want to protect their religion from creeping
secularism and cultural imperialism posed by
Western countries such as the United States is?
a. Monarch b. Italian Mafia c.
Magister d. Jihad

70. A method of therapy used in Japan whereby
individuals use introspection to understand the
impact of their behavior on others and others on
them.
a. Mubahit b. Yugurs c.
Mutawa d. Naikan
71. An individual in Socialist Law system who hears
complaints andensures that government agents are
performing their functions correctly.
a. Sandigan b. Factionman c.
Tribesman d. Ombudsman

72. The government structures in England consisting of
the monarch, the house of Lords, and the House of
Commons is a
a. Socialist b. Federal c.
Presidential d. Parliament

73. The Supreme court of Japan, divided into three
separate benches of five justice, that handles all
illegal matters other than those assigned the Grand
Bench, including the cases of appellate-level
jurisdiction is known as?
a. Summary b. Board of Grievances
c. Kourtarok d. Petty bench

74. The French police organization within the ministry
of the Interior responsible for Paris and other
urban areas.
a. Gendarmarie c. Police
authority board
b. Police courts d. Police
nationale

75. The process whereby the judicial or criminal
fairness is perverted in order to achieve particular
political objectives.
a. Politicized justice c. political
and policy
b. Political culture d. political
science

76. These are lay judges in Germany used extensively in
courts of appeal for minor offenses and for first
level criminal offenses.
a. Schoffen b. schupa c.
schutzpolizei d. schapo

77. Military leaders who exercised absolute rule in
Japan during the year of isolation from other
cultures from 1603-1897.
a. Shoguns b. shura c.
sharia d. shoiders

78. In England, professional attorneys who are paid by
the state for their work are called?
a. Stipendiary magistrates b.
stipendiary lords
c. state- sponsored d.
sponsored attorneys

79. The terrorist beginning in seventh-century India
whose reign lasted for seven centuries and
executed million of people?
a. Thugs b. Yakuza c.
Diaspora d. Terrorism

80. The process whereby the judicial or criminal
fairness is properly implemented in order to achieve
particular improvement and objectives is?
a. Politicized justice b. political culture c.
political and policy d. ideal political mgmt.

81. In England and Wales, the chief police officer of a
territorial police force may designate any person
who is employed by the police authority
maintaining that force, and is under the direction
and control of that chief officer. This statement is?
a. true b. it not be understood
c. false d. any of the above

82. Most police officers in England are members of?
a. Territorial police b. special police forces
c. police civilians d. British police

83. These are national police forces that have a specific,
non-regional jurisdiction, such as the British
Transport Police. The serious organized crime and
police act 2005 refers to?
a. Special police forces
b. Miscellaneous police forces
c. Non-police law enforcement agencies
d. Wales police forces

84. Which of the following is the highest police rank in
UK?
a. Chief supt. b. chief constable
c. commissioner d. director

- Jpanase Proverb
85. The police system in England and UK is?
a. centralized b. disorganized c.
decentralized d. demoralized

86. To be appointed and to become a police officer in
UK, one must have the age upper limit of?
a. 28 b. 32 c. 30 d.
none of the above

87. There are no formal educational requirements for
recruitment in England. This statement is?
a. true b. false c. high school graduate is
the required d. it is 2
nd
year college

88. The retirement age of police officer in UK is?
a. 55 b. 57 c. 56 d.
58

89. Peoples Law Enforcement Board in the Philippines is
tantamount to England as?
a. Police Authority Board c. Peoples
Authority Board
b. Police Commission Board d. Peoples
Commission Board

90. Law enforcement in United Kingdom is organized
separately in each of the legal system of England
and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. This
statement is?
a. true b. no, some are united c.
false d. yes, some are separated

91. Which of the following countries that has
centralized police organization?
a. Philippines b. New Zealand c.
USA d. UK

92. How many divisions of police districts are present in
New Zealand law enforcement?
a.12 b.14 c.13
d.15

93. The general emergency call number in New Zealand
Police is 111 while the traffic call number is
a. 222 b. 444 c. 333
d. 555

94. The equivalent of Philippines Public Safety College
in New Zealand is?
a. Royal New Zealand Police College
b. New Zealand Safety Police College
c. Academy New Zealand Police College
d. Public Safety New Zealand Police

95. A recently graduated constable in NZ is considered
a Probationary Constable for up to two years, until
he or she has passed ten workplace assessment
standards and a compulsory university paper. The
completion of the above is known?
a. As obtaining permanent appointment
b. As obtaining temporary appointment
c. As obtaining qualifications for promotion
d. As obtaining requirement promotion

96. Must be completed swimmer is minimum
requirement to become police officer in what
country?
a. New Zealand b. Australia
c. England d. France

97. What country requires applicant for police to have
attended a recruitment information seminar?
a. Germany b. Saudi Arabia c.
Australia d. New Zealand

98. Vetting means?
a. Tenders c. to evaluate for
acceptance
b. Care d. to subject to
expert correction

99. The national police force responsible for enforcing
criminal law, enhancing public safety, maintains
order and keeping the peace throughout New
Zealand is?
a. New Zealand Army c. New
Zealand Constable
b. New Zealand Marine d. New
Zealand Police

100. Policing in New Zealand started in what year?
a. 1842 b. 1840 c. 1940
d. 1846

Suggested Answer

FOR TEST I FOR TEST II
1. c 26. d
aoa
51. d 76. c 1. d 26. d 51. c 76. a
2. c 27. d
aoa
52. a 77. a 2. d 27. a 52. c 77. a
3. c 28. a 53. a 78. b 3. a 28. d 53. c 78. a
4. b 29. a 54. d 79. c 4. d 29. d 54. c 79. a
5. b 30. d 55. d 80. 5. d 30. d 55. d 80. d
6. b 31. a 56. c 81. b 6. d 31. d 56. a 81. a
7. d 32. a 57. b 82. a 7. d 32. d 57. c 82. a
8. a 33. a 58. d 83. a 8. a 33. d 58. d 83. c
9. b 34. a 59. d 84. c 9. a 34. d 59. b 84. c
10.
c
35. b 60. d 85. b 10. d 35. d 60. d 85. c
11. b 36. a 61. d 86. c 11. d 36. d 61. a 86. d
12. a 37. a 62. d 87. c 12. a 37. d 62. a 87. a
13. a 38. b 63. d 88. c 13. a 38. d 63. a 88. a
14. d 39. c 64. d 89. a 14. a 39. d 64. d 89. a
15. a 40. a 65. d 90. a 15. a 40. d 65. d 90. a
16. d 41. b 66. d 91. c 16. a 41. b 66. d 91. a
17. a 42. d 67. d 92. b 17. c 42. c 67. a 92. a
18. b 43. d 68. d 93. a 18. d 43. d 68. d 93. d
- Jpanase Proverb
19. a 44. c 69. a 94. a 19. a 44. d 69. d 94. a
20. a 45. a 70. a 95. a 20. c 45. a 70. d 95. a
21. c 46. c 71. a 96. a 21. d 46. d 71. d 96. a
22. c 47. d 72. d 97. c 22. a 47. d 72. d 97. d
23. a 48. a 73. a 98. a 23. d 48. d 73. d 98. d
24. a 49. d 74. a 99. a 24. d 49. b 74. d 99.d
25. a 50. a 75. a 100. c 25. d 50. c 75. a 100.
d

Legends : Aoa all of the above, Cons: constable Na=
not applicable
Note: In case of erroneous answers, these are not
international.

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