East Timor

East Timor (
i
/isttimr/) or Timor-Leste
(/timrlte/), ocially the Democratic Republic
of Timor-Leste,
[5]
is a country in Maritime Southeast
Asia.
[6]
It comprises the eastern half of the island of
Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and
Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the
island, within Indonesian West Timor. The countrys
size is about 15,410 km
2
(5,400 sq mi).
[7]
East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th cen-
tury, and was known as Portuguese Timor until Portugals
decolonisation of the country. In late 1975, East Timor
declared its independence but later that year was invaded
and occupied by Indonesia and was declared Indonesias
27th province the following year. In 1999, following the
United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, In-
donesia relinquished control of the territory, and East
Timor became the rst new sovereign state of the 21st
century on May 20, 2002. After independence, East
Timor became a member of the United Nations and the
Community of Portuguese Language Countries. In 2011,
East Timor announced its intention to gain membership
status in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations by
submitting a letter of application to become its eleventh
member.
[8]
It is one of only two predominantly Christian
nations in Southeast Asia, the other being the Philippines.
East Timor has a lower-middle-income economy.
[9]
About 37.4% of the countrys population lives below the
international poverty line which means living on less
than U.S. $1.25 per day
[10]
and about 50% of the popu-
lation is illiterate.
[11]
It continues to suer the aftereects
of a decades-long struggle for independence against In-
donesian occupation, which severely damaged the coun-
trys infrastructure and killed at least a hundred thousand
people. The country is placed 128th on the Human De-
velopment Index (HDI). Nonetheless, East Timor was
expected to have the sixth-largest percentage growth in
GDP in the world for 2013.
[12]
1 Etymology
Timor derives from timur, the word for east
in Indonesian and Malay, which became Timor in
Portuguese and entered English as Portuguese Timor.
Leste is the Portuguese word for east, resulting in
Timor-Leste (East-East). In Tetum the name is Timr
Lorosa'e, from Lorosa'e (lit rising sun) the word for
east in that language.
The ocial names under the Constitution are Repblica
Democrtica de Timor-Leste in Portuguese and
Repblika Demokrtika Timor-Leste in Tetum.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ocial short form in English and all other languages is
Timor-Leste (codes: TLS & TL), which has been adopted
by the United Nations,
[13]
the European Union,
[14]
and
the national standards organisations of France (AFNOR),
the United States (ANSI),
[15]
United Kingdom (BSI),
Germany (DIN), and Sweden (SIS) all diplomatic mis-
sions to the country by protocol and the CIA World Fact-
book
[16]
2 History
Main article: History of East Timor
Descendants of at least three waves of migration are be-
lieved to still live in East Timor. The rst were related
to the principal Australoid indigenous groups of New
Guinea and Australia, and arrived more than 40,000 years
ago. Around 3000 BC, Austronesians migrated to Timor,
and are thought to be associated with the development of
agriculture on the island. Thirdly, proto-Malays arrived
from south China and north Indochina.
[17]
Before Euro-
pean colonialism, Timor was included in Chinese and In-
dian trading networks, and in the 14th century was an ex-
porter of aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. It
was the relative abundance of sandalwood in Timor that
attracted European explorers to the island in the early
16th century.
[18]
During that time, European explorers
reported that the island had a number of small chiefdoms
or princedoms.
The Portuguese established outposts in Timor and
Maluku. Eective European occupation of a small part
of the territory began in 1769, when the city of Dili was
founded and the colony of Portuguese Timor declared.
[20]
A denitive border between the Dutch colonised west-
ern half of the island and the Portuguese colonised east-
ern half of the island was established by the Permanent
Court of Arbitration of 1914,
[21]
and it remains the in-
ternational boundary between the successor states East
Timor and Indonesia. For the Portuguese, East Timor
remained little more than a neglected trading post un-
til the late nineteenth century, with minimal investment
in infrastructure, health, and education. Sandalwood re-
mained the main export crop with coee exports becom-
1
2 2 HISTORY
Portuguese Timor Arms (19351975)
[19]
ing signicant in the mid-nineteenth century. As was of-
ten the case, Portuguese rule was generally neglectful but
exploitative where it existed.
[22]
At the beginning of the twentieth century, a falter-
ing home economy prompted the Portuguese to extract
greater wealth from its colonies, which was met with
East Timorese resistance.
[22]
During World War II, the
Japanese occupied Dili, and the mountainous interior be-
came the scene of a guerrilla campaign, known as the
Battle of Timor. Waged by Allied forces and East Tim-
orese volunteers against the Japanese, the struggle re-
sulted in the deaths of between 40,000 and 70,000 East
Timorese.
[23]
Following the end of the war, Portuguese
control was reinstated.
Following the 1974 Portuguese revolution, Portugal ef-
fectively abandoned its colony on Timor and civil war be-
tween East Timorese political parties broke out in 1975.
The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor
(Fretilin) resisted a Timorese Democratic Union (UDT)
coup attempt,
[24]
and unilaterally declared independence
on November 28, 1975. Fearing a communist state within
the Indonesian archipelago, the Indonesian military, with
western support, launched an invasion of East Timor
in December 1975. Indonesia declared East Timor its
27th province on 17 July 1976 (Timor Timur).
[25]
The
UN Security Council opposed the invasion and the ter-
ritorys nominal status in the UN remained as non-self-
governing territory under Portuguese administration.
Indonesias occupation of East Timor was marked by vi-
olence and brutality. A detailed statistical report pre-
pared for the Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec-
onciliation in East Timor cited a minimum bound of
A demonstration for independence from Indonesia held in Aus-
tralia during September 1999
102,800 conict-related deaths in the period 19741999,
namely, approximately 18,600 killings and 84,200 ex-
cess deaths from hunger and illness.
[26]
The East Tim-
orese guerrilla force, Falintil, fought a campaign against
the Indonesian forces from 1975 to 1999.
Jos Ramos-Horta, 1996 Nobel Peace Prize winner, second Pres-
ident of East Timor
The 1991 Dili Massacre was a turning point for the in-
dependence cause internationally, and an East Timor sol-
idarity movement grew in Portugal, Australia, and other
western countries.
Following the resignation of Indonesian President
Suharto, a UN-sponsored agreement between Indonesia
and Portugal allowed for a UN-supervised popular
referendum in August 1999. A clear vote for indepen-
dence was met with a punitive campaign of violence by
3
East Timorese pro-integration militia with the support
of elements of the Indonesian military. With Indonesian
permission, an Australian-led international peacekeeping
force was deployed until order was restored. In late
1999, the administration of East Timor was taken over
by the UN through the United Nations Transitional
Administration in East Timor (UNTAET).
[27]
The
INTERFET deployment ended in February 2000 with
the transfer of military command to the UN.
[28]
By May
2002, over 205,000 refugees had returned,
[29]
and East
Timorese independence was formalised on 20 May 2002
with Xanana Gusmo sworn in as the countrys rst
President. East Timor became a member of the UN in
2002.
The following year, Gusmo declined another presiden-
tial term and in the build-up to the April 2007 presi-
dential elections there were renewed outbreaks of vio-
lence. Jos Ramos-Horta was elected President in the
May 2007 election.
[30]
Ramos-Horta was critically in-
jured in an attempted assassination in February 2008.
Prime Minister Gusmo also faced gunre separately but
escaped unharmed. Australian reinforcements were im-
mediately sent to help keep order.
[31]
In 2006, the United
Nations sent in security forces to restore order when un-
rest and factional ghting forced 15 percent of the popula-
tion (155,000 people) to ee their homes. In March 2011,
the UN handed-o operational control of the police force
to the East Timor authorities. The United Nations ended
its peacekeeping mission on December 31, 2012.
[32]
3 Government
Main article: Politics of East Timor
The head of state of East Timor is the President of East
Governmental Palace in Dili.
Timor, who is elected by popular vote for a ve-year term.
Although his executive powers are somewhat limited, the
president does have veto power over governments leg-
islation. Following elections, the president appoints the
leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the
Prime Minister of East Timor. As head of government,
the prime minister presides over the cabinet.
Presidents Palace in Dili.
The unicameral East Timorese parliament is the National
Parliament or Parlamento Nacional, whose members are
elected by popular vote to a ve-year term. The number
of seats can vary from a minimum of fty-two to a max-
imum of sixty-ve. The East Timorese constitution was
modeled on that of Portugal. The country is still in the
process of building its administration and governmental
institutions. Government departments include the Polcia
Nacional de Timor-Leste (police), East Timor Ministry
for State and Internal Administration, Civil Aviation Di-
vision of Timor-Leste, and Immigration Department of
Timor-Leste.
4 Administrative divisions
Main articles: Districts of East Timor, Subdistricts of
East Timor and Sucos of East Timor
East Timor is divided into thirteen administrative dis-
Administrative divisions of East Timor
tricts, which, in turn, are subdivided into 65 subdistricts,
442 sucos (villages), and 2,225 aldeias (hamlets).
[33]
5 Foreign relations and military
Main articles: Foreign relations of East Timor and Timor
Leste Defence Force
4 6 GEOGRAPHY
East Timor sought membership in the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2007, and a formal
application was submitted in March 2011.
[34]
Indonesia
supports East Timors bid to join ASEAN.
F-FDTL soldiers standing in formation
The Timor Leste Defence Force (F-FDTL) is the military
body responsible for the defence of East Timor. The F-
FDTL was established in February 2001 and comprised
two small infantry battalions, a small naval component,
and several supporting units.
The F-FDTLs primary role is to protect East Timor from
external threats. It also has an internal security role,
which overlaps with that of the National Police of East
Timor (Policia Nacional de Timor Leste, PNTL). This
overlap has led to tensions between the services, which
have been exacerbated by poor morale and lack of disci-
pline within the F-FDTL.
The F-FDTLs problems came to a head in 2006 when al-
most half the force was dismissed following protests over
discrimination and poor conditions. The dismissal con-
tributed to a general collapse of both the F-FDTL and
PNTL in May and forced the government to request for-
eign peacekeepers to restore security. The F-FDTL is
being rebuilt with foreign assistance and has drawn up a
long-term force development plan.
6 Geography
Main article: Geography of East Timor
Located in Southeast Asia,
[35]
the island of Timor is part
of the Maritime Southeast Asia, and is the largest and
easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. To the north
of the island are the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait, and the
greater Banda Sea. The Timor Sea separates the island
from Australia to the south, and the Indonesian Province
of East Nusa Tenggara lies to East Timors west.
Much of the country is mountainous, and its highest is
Tatamailau (also known as Mount Ramelau) at 2,963 me-
tres (9,721 ft). The climate is tropical and generally hot
and humid. It is characterised by distinct rainy and dry
seasons. The capital, largest city, and main port is Dili,
Com Beach, East Timor
and the second-largest city is the eastern town of Baucau.
East Timor lies between latitudes 8 and 10S, and lon-
gitudes 124 and 128E.
Mountains in Aileu
The easternmost area of East Timor consists of the
Paitchau Range and the Lake Ira Lalaro area, which con-
tains the countys rst conservation area, the Nino Konis
Santana National Park.
[36]
It contains the last remaining
tropical dry forested area within the country. It hosts a
number of unique plant and animal species and is sparsely
populated.
[37]
The northern coast is characterised by a
number of coral reef systems that have been determined
to be at risk.
[38]
5
7 Economy
Main article: Economy of East Timor
East Timor has a market economy that used to de-
East Timor Export Treemap, 2010
A lial of the Portuguese bank Caixa Geral de Depsitos, in Dili
Commerce in Baucau
pend upon exports of a few commodities such as coee,
marble, oil, and sandalwood.
[39]
East Timors economy
grew by about 10% in 2011 and at a similar rate in
2012.
[40]
Timor now has revenue from oshore oil and gas re-
serves, but little of it has gone to develop villages, which
still rely on subsistence farming.
[41]
Nearly half the pop-
ulation lives in extreme poverty.
[41]
The Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund was established in
2005, and by 2011 it had reached a worth of US$8.7
billion.
[42]
East Timor is labelled by the International
Monetary Fund as the most oil-dependent economy in
the world.
[43]
The Petroleum Fund pays for nearly all
of the governments annual budget, which has increased
from $70 million in 2004 to $1.3 billion in 2011, with a
$1.8 billion proposal for 2012.
[42]
The economy is dependent on government spending and,
to a lesser extent, assistance frominternational donors.
[44]
Private sector development has lagged due to human cap-
ital shortages, infrastructure weakness, an incomplete le-
gal system, and an inecient regulatory environment.
[44]
After petroleum, the second largest export is coee,
which generates about $10 million a year.
[44]
Starbucks
is a major purchaser of East Timorese coee.
[45]
Dili's Harbour
According to data gathered in the 2010 census, 87.7% of
urban and 18.9% of rural households have electricity, for
an overall average of 36.7%.
[46]
The agriculture sector employs 80% of the active
population.
[47]
In 2009, about 67,000 households grew
coee in East Timor, with a large proportion being
poor.
[47]
Currently, the gross margins are about $120 per
hectare, with returns per labor-day of about $3.70.
[47]
There are 11,000 household growing mungbeans as of
2009, most of them subsistence farmers.
[47]
The country was ranked 169th overall and last in the East
Asia and Pacic region by the Doing Business 2013 re-
port by the World Bank. The country fared particularly
poorly in the 'registering property', 'enforcing contracts
and 'resolving insolvency' categories, ranking last world-
wide in all three.
[48]
In regards to telecommunications infrastructure, Timor-
Leste is the 2nd to last ranked Asian country in the World
Economic Forums Network Readiness Index (NRI) with
only Myanmar falling behind it in southeast Asia. NRI
is an indicator for determining the development level of
6 8 DEMOGRAPHICS
a countrys information and communication technologies.
Timor-Leste ranked number 141 overall in the 2014 NRI
ranking, down from 134 in 2013.
[49]
The Portuguese colonial administration granted conces-
sions to Oceanic Exploration Corporation to develop
petroleumand natural gas deposits in the waters southeast
of Timor. However, this was curtailed by the Indone-
sian invasion in 1976. The resources were divided be-
tween Indonesia and Australia with the Timor Gap Treaty
in 1989.
[50]
East Timor inherited no permanent mar-
itime boundaries when it attained independence. A pro-
visional agreement (the Timor Sea Treaty, signed when
East Timor became independent on 20 May 2002) de-
ned a Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) and
awarded 90% of revenues from existing projects in that
area to East Timor and 10% to Australia.
[51]
An agree-
ment in 2005 between the governments of East Timor
and Australia mandated that both countries put aside their
dispute over maritime boundaries and that East Timor
would receive 50% of the revenues from the resource
exploitation in the area (estimated at A$26 billion, or
about US$20 billion over the lifetime of the project)
[52]
from the Greater Sunrise development.
[53]
In 2013, East
Timor launched a case at the Permanent Court of Arbi-
tration in The Hague to pull out of a gas treaty that it had
signed with Australia, accusing the Australian Secret In-
telligence Service (ASIS) of bugging the East Timorese
cabinet room in Dili in 2004.
[54]
There are no patent laws in East Timor.
[55]
8 Demographics
Main article: Demographics of East Timor
The population of East Timor is about 1,143,667.
[6]
The
population is especially concentrated in the area around
Dili.
The word Maubere,
[57]
formerly used by the Portuguese
to refer to native East Timorese and often employed
as synonymous with the illiterate and uneducated, was
adopted by FReTiLIn as a term of pride.
[58]
They con-
sist of a number of distinct ethnic groups, most of whom
are of mixed Malayo-Polynesian and Melanesian/Papuan
descent. The largest Malayo-Polynesian ethnic groups are
the Tetum
[59]
(100,000), primarily in the north coast and
around Dili; the Mambai (80,000), in the central moun-
tains; the Tukudede (63,170), in the area around Maubara
and Liqui; the Galoli (50,000), between the tribes of
Mambae and Makasae; the Kemak (50,000) in north-
central Timor island; and the Baikeno (20,000), in the
area around Pante Macassar.
The main tribes of predominantly Papuan origin include
the Bunak (50,000), in the central interior of Timor is-
land; the Fataluku (30,000), at the eastern tip of the island
near Lospalos; and the Makasae, toward the eastern end
An East Timorese in traditional dress
of the island. As a result of interracial marriage which
was common during the Portuguese era, there is a popu-
lation of people of mixed East Timorese and Portuguese
origin, known in Portuguese as mestios. There is a small
Chinese minority, most of whom are Hakka. Many Chi-
nese left in the mid-1970s.
[60]
8.1 Languages
Main article: Languages of East Timor
East Timors two ocial languages are Portuguese and
Major language groups in East Timor by suco
Tetum. Tetum belongs to the Austronesian family of lan-
guages spoken throughout Southeast Asia.
[61]
The 2010 census found that the most commonly spo-
ken mother tongues were Tetum Prasa (mother tongue
8.3 Health 7
for 36.6% of the population), Mambai (12.5%), Makasai
(9.7%), Tetum Terik (6.0%), Baikenu (5.9%), Kemak
(5.9%), Bunak (5.3%), Tokodede (3.7%), and Fataluku
(3.6%). Other indigenous languages largely accounted
for the remaining 10.9%, while Portuguese was spoken
natively by just under 600 people.
[62]
Under Indonesian rule, the use of Portuguese was banned
and only Indonesian was allowed to be used in govern-
ment oces, schools and public business.
[63]
During the
Indonesian occupation, Tetum and Portuguese were im-
portant unifying elements for the East Timorese people
in opposing Javanese culture.
[64]
Portuguese was adopted
as one of the two ocial languages upon independence
in 2002 for this reason and as a link to Lusophone na-
tions in other parts of the world. It is now being taught
and promoted with the help of Brazil, Portugal, and the
Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
[65]
Indonesian and English are dened as working lan-
guages under the Constitution in the Final and Tran-
sitional Provisions, without setting a nal date. Aside
from Tetum, Ethnologue lists the following indigenous
languages: Adabe, Baikeno, Bunak, Fataluku, Galoli,
Habun, Idat, Kairui-Midiki, Kemak, Lakalei, Makasae,
Makuv'a, Mambae, Nauete, Tukudede, and Waima'a.
[66]
It is estimated that English is understood by 31.4% of the
population. 23.5% speak, read, and write Portuguese as
of 2012, which is up signicantly from less than 5% in
the 2006 UN Development Report.
[67][68]
East Timor is a member of the Community of Portuguese
Language Countries (also known as the Lusophone Com-
monwealth) and of the Latin Union.
[69]
According to the Atlas of the Worlds Languages in
Danger, there are six endangered languages in East
Timor: Adabe, Habu, Kairui-Midiki, Maku'a, Naueti,
and Waima'a.
[70]
8.2 Education
Portuguese School of Dli.
East Timors adult literacy rate in 2010 was 58.3 per cent,
up fromjust 37.6% in 2001.
[71]
Illiteracy is higher among
women.
[72]
Illiteracy was at 95 per cent at the end of Por-
tuguese rule.
[73]
In 2006, 10% to 30% of primary-school
age children did not attend school.
[74]
The National University of East Timor is the countrys
main university. There are also four colleges.
[75]
Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetumhave lost
ground as mediums of instruction, while Portuguese has
increased: in 2001 only 8.4%of primary school and 6.8%
of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-
medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6%
for primary and 46.3% for secondary schools.
[76]
Indone-
sian formerly played a considerable role in education, be-
ing used by 73.7% of all secondary school students as a
medium of instruction, but by 2005 it was used by most
schools only in Baucau, Manatuto, as well as the capital
district.
[76]
8.3 Health
Life expectancy at birth was at 60.7 in 2007.
[72]
The fer-
tility rate is at six births per woman.
[72]
Healthy life ex-
pectancy at birth was at 55 years in 2007.
[72]
Government
expenditure on health was at US$150 (PPP) per person in
2006.
[72]
Many people in East Timor lack safe drinking
water.
[74]
There were two hospitals and 14 village health-
care facilities in 1974. By 1994, there were 11 hospitals
and 330 healthcare centres.
[75]
The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for
East Timor is 370. This is compared with 928.6 in 2008
and 1016.3 in 1990. The under-5 mortality rate per 1,000
births is 60 and the neonatal mortality rate per 1,000 live
births is 27.
[77]
The number of midwives per 1,000 live
births is 8 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant
women is 1 in 44.
[78]
The country has one of the highest smoking rates in the
world, with 33% of the population, including 61% of
men, smoking daily.
[79]
By 2015, due to a CubanEast Timorese training pro-
gramme initiated in 2003, East Timor will have more
doctors per capita than any other country in southeast
Asia.
[80]
According to the Global Hunger Index of 2013, East
Timor has an GHI indicator value of 29.6 indicating that
the nation has an 'Alarming Hunger Situation' earning the
nation the distinction of being the hungriest country in
the entire continent of Asia and the 4th hungriest nation
in the world.
[81]
In 2007, a bad harvest led to deaths in several parts of East
Timor. By November, eleven subdistricts still needed
food supplied by international aid.
[82]
8.4 Religion
Main article: Religion in East Timor
According to the 2010 census, 96.9% of the pop-
ulation profess Catholicism; 2.2% Protestantism or
Evangelicalism; 0.3% are Muslim; and 0.5% practise
8 9 CULTURE
Statue of Saint Mary outside Balide church, Dili
some other or no religion.
[83]
The number of churches has grown from 100 in 1974 to
over 800 in 1994,
[75]
with Church membership having
grown considerably under Indonesian rule as Pancasila,
Indonesias state ideology, requires all citizens to believe
in one God and does not recognise traditional beliefs.
In rural areas, Catholicism is practised along with local
traditions.
[84]
While the Constitution of East Timor enshrines the prin-
ciples of freedom of religion and separation of church
and state in Section 45 Comma 1, it also acknowledges
the participation of the Catholic Church in the process of
national liberation.
[85]
Upon independence, the country
joined the Philippines to become the only two predom-
inantly Roman Catholic states in Asia, although nearby
parts of eastern Indonesia such as West Timor and Flores
also have Catholic majorities.
The Roman Catholic Church divides East Timor into
three dioceses: the Diocese of Dli, the Diocese of Bau-
cau, and the Diocese of Maliana.
[86]
9 Culture
Main article: Culture of East Timor
The culture of East Timor reects numerous inuences,
including Portuguese, Roman Catholic and Indonesian,
on Timors indigenous Austronesian and Melanesian cul-
tures. East Timorese culture is heavily inuenced by Aus-
tronesian legends. For example, East Timorese creation
myth has it that an aging crocodile transformed into the
island of Timor as part of a debt repayment to a young
boy who had helped the crocodile when it was sick.
[87]
As a result, the island is shaped like a crocodile and the
boys descendants are the native East Timorese who in-
habit it. The phrase leaving the crocodile refers to the
pained exile of East Timorese from their island.
Sacred house (lee teinu) in Lospalos
9.1 Arts
There is also a strong tradition of poetry in the country.
Prime Minister Xanana Gusmo, for example, is a distin-
guished poet.
Architecturally, Portuguese-style buildings can be found,
along with the traditional totem houses of the eastern re-
gion. These are known as uma lulik (sacred houses)
in Tetum and lee teinu (legged houses) in Fataluku.
Craftsmanship and the weaving of traditional scarves
(tais) is also widespread.
An extensive collection of Timorese audiovisual mate-
rial is held at the National Film and Sound Archive of
Australia. These holdings have been identied in a doc-
ument titled The NFSA Timor-Leste Collection Prole,
which features catalogue entries and essays for a total of
795 NFSA-held moving image, recorded sound and doc-
umentation works that have captured the history and cul-
ture of East Timor since the early 20th century.
[88]
The
NFSA is working with the East Timor government to en-
sure that all of this material can be used and accessed by
the people of that country.
[89]
In 2013 the rst East Tim-
orese feature lm, Beatrizs War, was released.
[90]
9
9.2 Cuisine
The cuisine of East Timor consists of regional popular
foods such as pork, sh, basil, tamarind, legumes, corn,
rice, root vegetables, and tropical fruit. East Timorese
cuisine has inuences from Southeast Asian foods and
from Portuguese dishes from its colonisation by Portugal.
Flavours and ingredients from other former Portuguese
colonies can be found due to the century-old Portuguese
presence on the island.
9.3 Sports
Sports organisations joined by East Timor include
the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the
International Association of Athletics Federations
(IAAF), the International Badminton Federation (IBF),
joined the Union Cycliste Internationale, the Interna-
tional Weightlifting Federation, the International Table
Tennis Federation (ITTF), and East Timors national
football team joined FIFA. East Timorese athletes
competed in the 2003 Southeast Asian Games held
2003. In the 2003 ASEAN Paralympics Games, East
Timor won a bronze medal. In the Athens 2004 Olympic
Games, East Timorese athletes participated in athletics,
weightlifting and boxing. East Timor won three medals
in Arnis at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games. East
Timor competed in the rst Lusophony Games and, in
October 2008, the country earned its rst international
points in a FIFA soccer match with a 22 draw against
Cambodia.
[91]
East Timor competed at the 2014 Winter
Olympics.
10 See also
Outline of East Timor
Index of East Timor-related articles

List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor

List of East Timor-related topics
Telecommunications in East Timor
Transport in East Timor
11 References
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10 11 REFERENCES
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[36] Nino Konis Santana National Park declared as Timor-
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Wildlife Extra.
[37] Norwegian energy and Water Resources Directorate
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11
[60] Constncio Pinto; Matthew Jardine (1997). East Timors
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[62] Table 13: Population distribution by mother tongue, Ur-
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[63] Gross, Max L. (14 February 2008). A Muslim
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[65]
[66] Languages of East Timor. Ethnologue.
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[68] JSMP Report at the Wayback Machine (archived May 15,
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[69] Estados Miembros. Union Latine.
[70] Interactive Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger.
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[75] Robinson, G. If you leave us here, we will die, Princeton
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[76] Table 5.7 - Prole Of Students That Attended The
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[79] The country where nearly two-thirds of men smoke, BBC
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[80] Hodal, Kate (June 25, 2012). Cuban infusion remains
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[81] Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide: 2013
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[83] Volume 2: Population Distribution by Administrative
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[85] Constitution Of The Democratic Republic of Timor-
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[86] Pope Benedict XVI erects new diocese in East Timor.
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[87] Wise, Amanda (2006), Exile and Return Among the East
Timorese, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania
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[88] NFSA provides insight into Timor-Leste history on
nfsa.gov.au
[89] A connection with Timor-Leste on nfsa.gov.au
[90] Fresh start for East Timors lm scene. Sydney Morning
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[91] Madra, Ek (2008-10-30). Worlds worst football team
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12 Bibliography
Cashmore, Ellis (1988). Dictionary of Race and
Ethnic Relations. New York: Routledge. ASIN
B000NPHGX6
Charny, Israel W. Encyclopedia of Genocide Volume
I. Denver: Abc Clio.
Dunn, James (1996). East Timor: A People Be-
trayed. Sydney: ABC Books.
Hgerdal, Hans (2012), Lords of the Land, Lords of
the Sea; Conict and Adaptation in Early Colonial
Timor, 16001800. Oapen.org
Leach, Michael, and Damien Kingsbury, eds. The
Politics of Timor-Leste: Democratic Consolidation
After Intervention (Cornell Southeast Asia Program,
distributed by Cornell University Press; 2013) 292
pages;
12 13 EXTERNAL LINKS
Levinson, David. Ethnic Relations. Denver: Abc
Clio.
Rudolph, Joseph R. Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic
Conicts. Westport: Greenwood P, 2003. 101106.
Shelton, Dinah. Encyclopedia of Genocide and
Crimes Against Humanity. Thompson Gale.
Taylor, John G. (1999). East Timor: The Price of
Freedom. Australia: Pluto Press. ISBN 978-1-
85649-840-1.
East Timor: a bibliography, a bibliographic refer-
ence, Jean A. Berlie, launched by PM Xanana Gus-
mo, Indes Savantes editor, Paris, France, published
in 2001. ISBN 978-2-84654-012-4, ISBN 978-2-
84654-012-4.
East Timor, politics and elections (in Chinese)/
(20012006): , Jean A.
Berlie, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies of Jinan
University editor, Jinan, China, published in 2007.
13 External links
Government
Timor-Leste ocial government website
Chief of State and Cabinet Members
General information
Timor-Leste entry at The World Factbook
East Timor from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Timor-Leste at DMOZ
East Timor at Encyclopdia Britannica
East Timor prole BBC News
Wikimedia Atlas of East Timor
Key Development Forecasts for Timor-Leste from
International Futures
13
14 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
14.1 Text
East Timor Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor?oldid=628789660 Contributors: Derek Ross, WojPob, Brion VIBBER,
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(:Julien:), Hemanshu, Jondel, Bkell, Jeroen, Hadal, Wereon, Ungvichian, Profoss, Marc Venot, Jpo, Seaeagle04, Jao, Nikodemos, Neto-
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14 14 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
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Lguipontes, Petrb, Brunswicknic, ClueBot NG, Onano, Jiwa Matahari, , Kman665, Frietjes, Delusion23, Hazhk, TAG-A-b10, Micoli-
tong, Widr, Helpful Pixie Bot, Lowercase sigmabot, Mackoy20, Yan.simkin, Cowdy001, PhnomPencil, NatalieF25, HIDECCHI001, Dr-
legur, IraChestereld, Avexdream2000, Alarbus, RscprinterBot, Oleg-ch, Rappatoni, Hadi Payami, Shredder2012, Ranking Update, Bat-
tyBot, Julien Houle, IceBrotherhood, JesseAlanGordon, Dexbot, Geremy.Hebert, , RotlinkBot, The Anonymouse, Teacher83,
JustAMuggle, Dogmanstu, CsDix, The Australian Red Man, Tentinator, EvergreenFir, RaphaelQS, MJ Soquerata, Vasco Serro, Timor-
Dan, Randomuser56970, Kristenalor, Chipperdude15, ThecentreCZ, Owllord97, Monkbot, KnowledgeMaster93, ImproveByQuestioning,
StradBot, GoingBackToTangier, HazZa2600, Darrenblowsi and Anonymous: 620
14.2 Images
File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_
projection%29.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 Contributors: Map by Ssolbergj
Aquarius.geomar.de
Original artist:Koyos + Ssolbergj (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ssolbergj' title='User talk:Ssolbergj'>talk</a>)
File:Balide_church.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Balide_church.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0 Contrib-
utors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/46274125@N00/314821749 Original artist: Kok Leng Yeo
File:CPLPmap2.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CPLPmap2.png License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu-
tors: Original artist:CPLPmap1.png: Ceha
File:Caixa_Geral_de_Depsitos-Building-Dili-2009.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Caixa_
Geral_de_Dep%C3%B3sitos-Building-Dili-2009.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lofor
File:Coat_of_arms_of_East_Timor.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Coat_of_arms_of_East_
Timor.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Com_Beach.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Com_Beach.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0 Contributors:
Flickr Original artist: Nick Hobgood
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Dili_harbour.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Dili_harbour.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0 Contribu-
tors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cruzalmeida/4735871836/in/photostream/ Original artist: Alex Castro
File:East_Timor,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
1/14/East_Timor%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Original
artist:TUBS
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:TUBS' title='User talk:TUBS'><img alt='Email Silk.svg' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Email_Silk.svg/15px-Email_Silk.svg.png' width='15' height='15' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Email_Silk.svg/23px-Email_Silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Email_Silk.svg/30px-Email_Silk.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='16' data-le-height='16' /></a> <a href='http://toolserver.org/~{}daniel/WikiSense/Gallery.php?wikifam=commons.wikimedia.org,<span>,&,</span>,img_user_text=TUBS' title='Gallery' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='Gallery' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gnome-emblem-photos.svg/20px-Gnome-emblem-photos.svg.png' width='20' height='20' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gnome-emblem-photos.svg/30px-Gnome-emblem-photos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gnome-emblem-photos.svg/40px-Gnome-emblem-photos.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='48' data-le-height='48' /></a>
File:East_Timor_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TLS_-_UNOCHA.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/
East_Timor_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_TLS_-_UNOCHA.svg License: CC-BY-3.0 Contributors: Timor-Leste Locator Map
(ReliefWeb) Original artist: UN Oce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aairs (OCHA)
File:East_Timor_Demo.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/East_Timor_Demo.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:East_Timor_Export_Treemap_2010.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/East_Timor_Export_
Treemap_2010.png License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Economic Complexity Observatory, MIT Media Lab and the Center for Inter-
national Development at Harvard University. (TC) http://atlas.media.mit.edu/ Original artist: R. Haussmann, Cesar Hidalgo, et.al. Creative
Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. See permission to share image on web at: http://atlas.media.mit.edu/about/
permissions/
File:F-FDTL_soldiers_standing_in_formation.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/F-FDTL_
soldiers_standing_in_formation.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.15thmeu.marines.mil/Photos.aspx?igphoto=
263876 Original artist: Gunnery Sgt. Jennifer Antoine
File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: It is from openclipart.org, specically american_samoa.svg. Original artist: by Tobias Jakobs
File:Flag_of_Australia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg License: ? Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Brunei.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg License: ? Contributors:
From the Open Clip Art website. Original artist: User:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg License: ? Contrib-
utors: File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg Original artist: Draw new ag by User:_
File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Origi-
nal artist: ?
File:Flag_of_East_Timor.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Europe.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Original artist:User:Verdy p, User:-x-, User:Paddu, User:Nightstallion, User:Funakoshi, User:Jeltz, User:Dbenbenn, User:
Zscout370
14.2 Images 15
File:Flag_of_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Flag_of_the_
Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Origi-
nal artist: ?
File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg Li-
cense: ? Contributors: From the Open Clip Art website Original artist: User:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Guam.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_India.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg License: Public do-
main Contributors: Law: s:id:Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 (http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/
lamanbahasa/sites/default/files/UU_2009_24.pdf) Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Japan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Kiribati.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Laos.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: Create based on the Malaysian Government Website (archive version)
Original artist: SKopp, Zscout370 and Ranking Update
File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg License: ? Contribu-
tors: Open Clip Art Original artist: Unknown
File:Flag_of_Nauru.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg License: Public domain
Contributors:
Original artist: Source: Drawn by User:SKopp
File:Flag_of_New_Caledonia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Flag_of_New_Caledonia.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:WarX
File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: http://www.mch.govt.nz/files/NZ%20Flag%20-%20proportions.JPG Original artist: Zscout370, Hugh Jass
and many others
File:Flag_of_Niue.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: Own work Original artist:
File:Flag_of_Palau.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, FOTW Original artist: User:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Samoa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg License: Public do-
main Contributors: The drawing was based from http://app.www.sg/who/42/National-Flag.aspx. Colors from the book: (2001). The
National Symbols Kit. Singapore: Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. pp. 5. ISBN 8880968010 Pantone 032 shade from
http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx?c_id=13050 Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License: Pub-
lic domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Lawconcerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color guidelines
(Russian/English) This site is not exist now.(2012.06.05) Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Tokelau.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: self-made, using [1] as a visual guide. Conrmed by the Flag Research Center on 18 June 2008 (Flag Inform No. 238). Final
version by the College of Arms Original artist: SVG image created by User:Andrwsc
File:Flag_of_Tonga.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg License: ? Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg License: ? Contributors:
See URL [6] for ocially credibility and correctness of precise star-positions Original artist: User:Zscout370
16 14 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
File:Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg License: Public do-
main Contributors: http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/law/vi/1951_to_1960/1955/195511/195511300001 http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/
Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=820 Original artist: Lu Ly v li theo ngun trn
File:Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Flag_of_the_
Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_People{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_
People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/
design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370
File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: The design was taken from [1] and the colors were also taken from a Government website Original artist:
User:Achim1999
File:Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: User:SKopp
File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Li-
cense: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg
License: Public domain Contributors: Flag of the United Nations from the Open Clip Art website. Modications by Denelson83, Zscout370
and Madden. Ocial construction sheet here.
United Nations (1962) The United Nations ag code and regulations, as amended November 11, 1952, New York OCLC: 7548838. Original
artist: Wilfried Huss / Anonymous
File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: ?
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_placeholder.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Andrwsc
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: ? Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Gouverneurspalast_klein.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gouverneurspalast_klein.jpg Li-
cense: CC-BY-2.5 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Increase2.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Increase2.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Own work Original artist: Sarang
File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Lesser_coat_
of_arms_of_Portuguese_Timor.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based on Flags of the World - Flags of portuguese
colonies, Coat of arms of Portuguese Timor (1951-1975).svg, Blason LBP.svg and Timor portugus.PNG. Original artist: Thommy
File:LocationEastTimor.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/LocationEastTimor.svg License: CC-BY-
SA-3.0 Contributors: Original by User:Vardion, Image:A large blank world map with oceans marked in blue.svg Original artist:
File:Location_Southeast_Asia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Location_Southeast_Asia.svg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: Derived from image:Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg by ASDFGHJ Original artist: ?
File:Lospalos_klein.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Lospalos_klein.jpg License: CC-BY-2.5 Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Man_in_traditional_dress,_East_Timor.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Man_in_traditional_
dress%2C_East_Timor.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-2.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Mountain_village.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Mountain_village.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0
Contributors: Flickr Original artist: Nick Hobgood
File:National_anthem_of_East_Timor.ogg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/National_anthem_of_East_
Timor.ogg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.navyband.navy.mil/anthems/national_anthems.htm Original artist: United
States Navy Band, uploaded to Wikimedia by Bart133
File:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Oceania_
%28orthographic_projection%29.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Based on File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg
Original artist: Ch1902
File:Pacific_Islands_Forum_Logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Pacific_Islands_Forum_Logo.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Original artist:PIF_Logo.png: Henning Blatt
File:Palacio_Presidente_Nicolau_Lobato.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Palacio_Presidente_
Nicolau_Lobato.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Borja Patrocinio
File:Portugal_Imprio_total.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png
License: Public domain Contributors: Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here. Original artist: Original uploader was
The Ogre at en.wikipedia Later versions were uploaded by The Red Hat of Pat Ferrick at en.wikipedia.
14.3 Content license 17
File:Portuguese_School_of_Dli,_Timor-Leste.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Portuguese_
School_of_D%C3%ADli%2C_Timor-Leste.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/58769261@N08/
7409956604/ Original artist: Universe Awareness
File:Prsidentschaftswalhkampf_JRH_2007.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Pr%C3%
A4sidentschaftswalhkampf_JRH_2007.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jrg Meier, Watch
Indonesia!
File:Speakerlink-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg License: CC0 Contribu-
tors: Own work Original artist: Kelvinsong
File:Sprachen_Osttimors-en.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Sprachen_Osttimors-en.png Li-
cense: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Sprachen_Osttimors.png <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sprachen_Osttimors.png'
class='image'><img alt='Sprachen Osttimors.png' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sprachen_Osttimors.
png/50px-Sprachen_Osttimors.png' width='50' height='33' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sprachen_
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Original artist: Sprachen_Osttimors.png: J. Patrick Fischer
File:Streets_of_Dili2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Streets_of_Dili2.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-2.0
Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/44430039@N06/6060294521/in/set-72157627473175940 Original artist: molly+
File:Terrestrial_globe.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Orig-
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File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.
svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al.
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Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al.
File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg License: ? Contributors:
Original artist: Nicholas Moreau
File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg License: ?
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Snorky
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on original logo tossed together by Brion Vibber
14.3 Content license
--- Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
CPLPmap1.png
File based on the specication given at [1].
PIF_Logo.png