Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

1
AP Statistics: Chapter 3 Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1 On May 11, 50 randomly selected subjects had
their systolic blood pressure (SBP) recorded
twicethe first time at about 9:00 a.m. and the
second time at about 2:00 p.m. If one were to
examine the relationship between the morning
and afternoon readings, then one might expect the
correlation to be
A near zero, as morning and afternoon readings
should be independent.
B high and positive, as those with relatively
high readings in the morning will tend to
have relatively high readings in the
afternoon.
C high and negative, as those with relatively
high readings in the morning will tend to
have relatively low readings in the afternoon.
D near zero, as correlation measures the
strength of the linear association.
E near zero, as blood pressure readings should
follow approximately a Normal distribution.
2 If data set A of (x, y) data has correlation r =
0.65, and a second data set B has correlation
r =0.65, then
A the points in A fall closer to a linear pattern
than the points in B.
B the points in B fall closer to a linear pattern
than the points in A.
C A and B are similar in the extent to which
they display a linear pattern.
D you cant tell which data set displays a
stronger linear pattern without seeing the
scatterplots.
E a mistake has been mader cannot be
negative.
3 A regression of the amount of calories in a
serving of breakfast cereal vs. the amount of fat
gave the following results: Predicted Calories =
97.1053 +9.6525(Fat). Which of the following
is false?
A It is estimated that for every additional gram
of fat in the cereal, the number of calories
increases by about 10.
B It is estimated that in cereals with no fat, the
total amount of calories is about 97.
C If a cereal has 2 g of fat, then it is estimated
that the total number of calories is about 116.
D The correlation between amount of fat and
calories is positive.
E If one cereal has 140 calories and 5 g of fat.
Its residual is about 5 calories.
4 A copy machine dealer has data on the number of
copy machines x at each of 89 customer locations
and the number of service calls in a month y at
each location. Summary calculations give =
8.4, =2.1, =14.2, =3.8, and r =0.86.
What is the slope of the least-squares regression
line of number of service calls on number of
copiers?
A 0.86
B 1.56
C 0.48
D 2.82
E Cant tell from the information given
5 In the setting of the previous problem, about what
percent of the variation in the number of service
calls is explained by the linear relation between
number of service calls and number of machines?
A 86%
B 93%
C 74%
D 55%
E Cant tell from the information given
Name: ________________________ ID: A
2
6 A study examined the relationship between the
sepal length and sepal width for two varieties of
an exotic tropical plant. Varieties X and O are
represented by xs and os, respectively, in the
following scatterplot. Which of the following
statements is true?

A Considering Variety X only, there is a
positive correlation between sepal length and
width.
B Considering Variety O only, the least-squares
regression line for predicting sepal length
from sepal width has a positive slope.
C Considering both varieties together, there is a
negative correlation between sepal length and
width.
D Considering each variety separately, there is
a negative correlation between sepal length
and width.
E Considering both varieties together, the
least-squares regression line for predicting
sepal length from sepal width has a negative
slope.
7 Suppose we fit a least-squares regression line to a
set of data. What is true if a plot of the residuals
shows a curved pattern?
A A straight line is not a good model for the
data.
B The correlation must be 0.
C The correlation must be positive.
D Outliers must be present.
E The regression line might or might not be a
good model for the data, depending on the
extent of the curve.
8 Mr. Nerdly asked the students in his AP Statistics
class to report their overall grade point averages
and their SAT Math scores. The scatterplot
below provides information about his students
data. The dark line is the least-squares regression
line for the data, and its equation is
.
Which of the following statements about the
circled point is false?
A This student has a grade point average of
about 2.9 and an SAT Math score of about
690.
B If we used the least-squares line to predict
this students SAT Math score, we would
make a prediction that is too low.
C This students residual is negative.
D Removing this data point would cause the
correlation coefficient to increase.
E Removing this students data point would
increase the slope of the least-squares line.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
3
Scenario 3-16
Are jet skis (otherwise known as personal watercraft, or PWC) dangerous? An article in the August 1997 issue
of the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on a survey that tracked emergency room visits at
randomly selected hospitals nationwide. The study recorded data on the number of jet skis in use and the
number of accidents related to their use for the years 19901995. Computer output and a residual plot from a
linear regression of jet-ski related injuries versus jet skis in use (PWC) are shown below.
Pr edi ct or Coef SE Coef T P
Const ant 2745 1372 2. 00 0. 116
PWC 0. 018078 0. 002805 6. 44 0. 003
S = 1218. 65 R- Sq = 91. 2% R- Sq( adj ) = 89. 0%
9 Use Scenario 3-16. The circled point represents a
year when the number of PWC in use was
240,000. The number of observed injuries in that
year was closest to:
A 350
B 1250
C 1600
D 2800
E 7300
10 Which of the following best describes what s =
1218.65 represents in this setting?
A The standard deviation of the observed values
of the response variable, injuries.
B The standard deviation of the predicted
values of the response variable, injuries.
C The standard deviation of the observed values
of the explanatory variable, PWCs in use.
D The average of the products of each
standardized value for PWC and the
corresponding standardized value for injuries.
E The standard deviation of the residuals.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
4
Short Answer
Scenario 3-12
Because elderly people may have difficulty standing to have their heights measured, a study looked at predicting
overall height from height to the knee. Here are data (in centimeters) for five elderly men:
Knee Height, cm. 57.7 47.4 43.5 44.8 55.2
Height, cm 192 153 146 163 169
11 Use Scenario 3-12. Use your calculator to determine the least-squares regression line. Write the equation below.
Be sure to define any variables you use. Should you use your regression line from to predict the height of an
elderly man whose knee height is 70 centimeters? If so, do it. If not, explain why not.
12 Use Scenario 3-12. Suppose a sixth elderly man with a knee height of 57 cm. and a height of 150 cm is added.
What impact would this have on A. the correlation and B. the slope of the regression line?
Scenario 3-13
Scientists studying outbreaks of locusts in Tanzania found a negative correlation between the amount of rainfall
(in inches) in the wet season and the relative abundance of adult red locusts 18 months later. (Relative abundance
is measure on a 1 to 5 scale, where a 5 means five times as many locusts as 1.) The least-squares regression
equation for this relationship is:
Predicted relative abundance =6.7 0.12(rainfall)
13 Use Scenario 3-13. Interpret the slope of this line in the context of the problem.
14 Use Scenario 3-13. The correlation between these two variables is 0.75. If the amount of rainfall were
measured in centimeters rather than inches, how would the correlation change? Explain.
ID: A
1
AP Statistics: Chapter 3 Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 ANS: B
/B/Correct! The correlation (r) will be positive when high values of one variable are associated with high values
of the other, and relatively high when the relationship is strongly linear, as two measurements of SBP on the
same person ought to be.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
2 ANS: D
/D/Correct! It is quite possible to have a very high correlationeven higher than when the data is quite
non-linear, so we cant tell anything without looking at the scatterplots.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
3 ANS: E
/E/Correct! The residual is . That is, about 5, not 5.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
4 ANS: B
/B/Correct! Slope = .
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
5 ANS: C
/C/Correct! r
2
=0.74.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
6 ANS: D
/D/Correct! Within each variety, a wider sepal is associated with a short sepal length, so the correlation
coefficient will be negative in both cases. (When the data for the two varieties is combined, the relationship
appears to be positive, rather than negative).
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
7 ANS: A
/A/Correct! A linear model is only appropriate if there is no discernable pattern in the residual plot.
PTS: 1
8 ANS: C
/C/Correct! Since this point is above the line, its residual is positive.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3B
ID: A
2
9 ANS: D
/D/Correct! The residual for this point is about 1250, so the observed value is about 1250 more than the predicted
value of , or close to 1600.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
10 ANS: E
/E/Correct! s in the computer output is the standard deviation of the residuals, .
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
SHORT ANSWER
11 ANS:
, where =predicted overall height and x =knee height. You should not use this equation
to predict the height of a man whose knee height is 70 cm., because this value of x is well beyond the range of
the data used to produce the line.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
12 ANS:
The new person does not fit the pattern established by the original data: his overall height is low for his knee
height. This would reduce the correlation and also reduce the slope of the regression line.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
13 ANS:
For every additional inch of rainfall in the wet season, the predicted relative abundance of locusts decreases by
0.12.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C
14 ANS:
The correlation coefficient does not change when the units for either variable are changed, because it is
calculated from standard scores, which are independent of units.
PTS: 1 REF: Test 3C