Texture Mapping: June 11

Texture Mapping
Version 6.1
June 11

Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc. (Gemcom)
All rights reserved. Gemcom publishes this documentation for the sole use of Gemcom licensees.
Without written permission, you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit any
part of this documentation. For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your local
Gemcom office, or visit www.gemcomsoftware.com.
This software and documentation is proprietary to Gemcom and, except where expressly provided
otherwise, does not form part of any contract. Changes may be made in products or services at any
time without notice.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, neither the authors nor
Gemcom assumes responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused from the use of the information contained herein.
Gemcom Software International Inc., Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and GEMS,
Surpac, Minex, Whittle, Gemcom InSite, Gemcom Hub, and PCBC are trademarks of Gemcom
Software International Inc. or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Product
Gemcom Minex 6.1
Texture Mapping

Table of Contents
About This Document ................................................................................................................... 4
Displaying Registered Images ........................................................................................................ 8
Introduction to Texture Mapping .................................................................................................. 9
Task: Display three types of registered textured images ................................................................................ 9
Registering and Displaying Images ............................................................................................... 12
Task: Display the DTM triangle surface ......................................................................................................... 12
Task: Register a texture ................................................................................................................................. 13
Task: Plot a registered image on a 2D plan ................................................................................................... 19
Import of Seismic Sections .......................................................................................................... 24
Task: Import and register a seismic section image ........................................................................................ 26
Displaying Sirovision Highwall Images ......................................................................................... 28
Task: Save a Sirovision 3D image as a registered triangle image .................................................................. 28
Registering and Displaying Textures on Surfaces .......................................................................... 31
Task: Register a repeatable (Tiled) texture image onto a design surface ...................................................... 31
Task: Display the textured spoil pile design surface ...................................................................................... 35
Summary .................................................................................................................................... 36

About This Document Task: Display three types of registered textured images

Gemcom Minex 6.1 Page 4 of 36 Texture Mapping

About This Document
Overview
This document is designed to help you to accurately register, display and use textured images such
as aerial and highwall photographs, depth corrected seismic sections and rock textures on surveyed
and design surfaces.
This tutorial uses a set of files contained in a data set that is copied to your computer when Minex6
software is installed.
More detailed training information is available within the software and from your local GEMCOM
Support Office. When the software has been installed you can see additional training resources and
help
Visit www.gemcomsupport.com to locate your nearest Support Office.
Requirements
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should ensure you have the following items:
1. Gemcom Minex 6.0 or higher version, and the tutorial data provided on the installation disc,
installed on your computer. This is installed from a CD.
2. A Minex license token and sentinel/dongle correctly installed.
3. Place the sentinel or dongle in an appropriate USB port.
Document Conventions
Typographical Conventions
Some text in this manual has been specifically formatted to assist you identify it as a particular
element of information. The following list describes the different formats and their meanings:


Text Format Meaning
<Bold Italic> Text or data that varies with each input is shown in italic font and enclosed in angle brackets.
Some examples are installation directories, dates, names and passwords. When you substitute
the text for the variable, do not include the brackets. For example: <password>requires you
to substitute a password in place of <password>.
Italics A words or phrase to which the author wants to give emphasis. For example, the new text is in
memory; the old text is deleted.
Bold This typeface indicates one of the following:
A file name, path or URL.
Strongly emphasised text. For example, It is very important to save the data.
Text that a procedure has instructed you to type.
A menu option, tab, button, check box, list, option button, text box or icon. For
example, click Apply.
UPPER CASE When a keystroke is described, the key is shown in this font. For more information on
keystroke conventions, see below.
Keyboard Conventions
Key Combination Meaning
<KEYy>+<KEY> Press and hold down the first key, then press the second key. For example: CTRL+O
means hold the CTRL key down, then press O.
Menu Conventions
When you click, or move the pointer over, some menu commands, a subordinate menu appears. To
indicate that you should select a command on a subordinate menu, this documentation uses a greater
than (>) sign to separate the main menu command from the subordinate menu command. For
example, File > Project > Project Manager means choose the File menu, move the mouse pointer
over the Project command, and then select Project Manager on the secondary menu.

Mouse Conventions
The mouse is the pointing device you use to select objects and choose menu items, and to click the
buttons that you see on your display monitor. Use the left mouse button if a particular mouse button is
not specified. When a different mouse button is to be used, this will be specified in the text. You can
rotate or press the wheel button on the mouse. In this manual, the following terms are used to
describe actions with the mouse.


Action Description
Click Press and release the left mouse button without moving the mouse.
Right-click Press and release the right mouse button without moving the mouse.
Double-click Without moving the mouse, click the left button twice rapidly.
Drag and drop <an
object>
With the pointer over the object, press and hold down the left mouse button to select
the object. Move the mouse until the pointer is in the position you want and then
release the mouse button.
Drag Press and hold down the left mouse button. Then move the mouse in the direction that
the text specifies.
Right-drag Press and hold down the right mouse button. Then move the mouse in the direction
that the text specifies.
Rotate Use your finger to make the wheel button roll. Move it forward, that is in a clockwise
direction, or backward, that is in a counter clockwise direction.
Windows and Dialog Boxes
Windows and dialog boxes contain several elements that enable users to carry out particular
operations. Here is an example of a dialog box.

Elements of Windows and Dialog Boxes
Windows and dialog boxes can contain the following elements.
Element
Name
Description Example
Check box Square box that you select or clear to turn an
option on or off. You can select more than one
check box.
Button Rectangular or square button that initiates an
action. Buttons have text labels to indicate their
purpose.

Drop-down
arrow
Arrow associated with a drop-down list. You can
view a list by clicking the arrow.

Drop-down
list
Closed version of a list box with an arrow next to
it. Clicking the arrow opens the list.



Group box Frame or box that encloses a set of related
options. The group box is a visual device only,
although you can select the elements within the
group box.

Icon A graphical button that you can click to initiate
an action.

Label Text attached to any option, box, button, or to
any other element of a window or dialog box.

Table Any type of box containing a list of items, in table
format, that you can input, edit or select.

Menu A set of options or actions that you can perform.

Option
button
Round button you can use to select one of a
group of mutually exclusive options.

Spin box Text box with up and down arrows that you click
to move through a set of fixed values. You can
also type a valid value in the box.

Tab Labelled group of options used for many similar
kinds of settings.
Text box Rectangular box in which you can type text. If
the box already contains text, you can select that
text and edit it.

Title Title of the dialog box. It usually, but not always,
matches the title of the command button that
launched it.

Tree A graphical representation of a hierarchical
structure. A plus sign next to an item on the tree
indicates that you can expand the item to show
subordinate items; a minus sign indicates that
you can collapse the item.

Displaying Registered Images Task: Display three types of registered textured images


Displaying Registered Images
Overview
The following concepts are presented in this chapter:
Texture Mapping in Minex 6.0 and an overview of what can it be used for.
Image Registration draping a texture image onto a triangle surface.
Requirements
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should ensure you have:
Minex v6.0 installed on your computer.
This is usually installed from a CD, but the software can be downloaded from
https:/www.gemcomsupport.com..
Have these data files stored on your computer:
AIRPHOTO3PT.trn.
ASHES_AIRPHOTO.jpg.
AIRPHOTO3PT.tr5.
ASHES_SEISMIC1.tif.
ASHES_SEISMIC.trn.
ASHES_SEISMIC.tr5.
ASHES_SEISMIC.XYZ.
ASHES_HW_3D Image.tif.
ASHES_HW_3D Image.TRF
THEDON.GM3.
THEDON.B31, THEDON.B32, THEDON.B33, THEDON.B34, THEDON.B35.
Rock_texture.jpg.
SPOIL2.tr5.
Note: You can load these data files by installing the Texture Mapping data set.
Objectives
By working through this document, you should be able to:
Learn what a texture map is.
Register an image to a triangle surface.
Show a registered image in 3D.
Introduction to Texture Mapping Task: Display three types of registered textured images


Introduction to Texture Mapping
The Texture Mapping function in Minex 6.0 allows you to register images (TIFF, JPG, GIF, PNG, etc)
such as aerial photos and tile smaller textured images (nominally GIF/PNG, but in theory just about
any raster image) onto triangle (.tr5) surfaces for 3D and 2D display and plotting.
Minex uses files with a .trn extension to link images to their corresponding geographical locations.
Note: The procedure for creating .trn files is described in Registering and Displaying Images
Task: Display three types of registered textured images
Save the data files that are listed in this tutorials requirements and store them in a folder called
C:\Projects\ASHES\ASHES_data.
1. Start Minex 6.0.
2. Set up a new project called ASHES_TM and set the project directory to
C:\Projects\ASHES\ASHES_data.
3. Set the local origin to X: 259,827.000 and Y: 6,178,126.000.
These coordinates are close to the location of the Ashes geometry data.
4. Open the files THEDON.GM3 and THEDON.B31 from the Minex Explorer window.
Next, you will display the registered air photo.
7. Right-click the file AIRPHOTO3PT.trn in the Minex Explorer window, and select Open.
8. Enter the information as shown, and click Ok.

9. Open the file ASHES_SEISMIC.trn.



11. Open the file ASHES_HW_3D Image-0.trn.

This image is smaller than the air photo, so you might not see it immediately. To view the highwall
image:
13. Press CTRL + 3 to show the Object Control Panel.
14. Change the Transparency property of AIRPHOTO3PT.trn to 70.0.
15. Press ALT + F4 to close the Object Control Panel.
16. Click the Toggle Black/White icon on the Graphics toolbar to change the background to
white.


The highwall and air photo images are displayed.

In the image above, all three registered images are displayed in the 3D Design window with a white
background and the main air photo image is displayed with 70% transparency.
Summary
Having displayed three different kinds of registered images you should now be able to have a basic
concept of what a texture map is in Minex 6.0. Next, we will look at registering an aerial photographic
image onto a topographic triangle surface.
Registering and Displaying Images Task: Display the DTM triangle surface


Registering and Displaying Images
Task: Display the DTM triangle surface
By doing this task, you select the digital terrain map (DTM) triangle surface and display it in the 3D
design window. You must do this if you want to register an image on the surface.
1. Click Graphics > Clear Graphics.
2. If the background of the Graphics window is not white, click the Toggle Black/White icon to
switch it to white.
3. Right-click AIRPHOTO3PT.tr5 in the Minex Explorer window and select Display and Open.

The triangle file opens in the Graphics window and a black tick will appear beside its file name to
show that it is open.
Registering and Displaying Images Task: Register a texture

Texture mapping Page 13 of 36
Task: Register a texture
You can use the Register Texture function to overlay a picture on a triangulated surface. When the
triangle file is open in the Graphics window, you can start to register textures.
1. Click Graphics > Register Texture.

The buttons in the Register texture dialog box help you create and remove nodes, and zoom and pan
an image.
Button Description

You can zoom and pan the image in the Register Texture dialog box.

You can create registration nodes.

You can remove registration nodes.

You can zoom to extents.

You can change the colour of existing nodes on the picture.

You can change the colour of new nodes.


2. Select the ASHES_AIRPHOTO.jpg image as the Image Input File.
The Image Input File is the image you wish to map over your surface.
3. Select the triangle file AIRPHOTO3PT.tr5; for the Triangle Input File.
The Triangle Input File is the location of the triangulated surface.
Display both the triangle file and the texture inside the Graphics window by docking the Register
Texture dialog box (for example to the left or to the top):
4. Right-click in the Register Texture dialog box.
5. Select Dock View Into > Graphics > Left.



Next, you must provide the software with at least two points that map a point on the picture with the
corresponding point on the triangulated surface. These are stored as Nodes in the Settings panel.
Tip: To increase the precision of the text map, select nodes on objects whose dimensions are less likely to
change frequently. For example, road and buildings are better choices (for nodes) than dams or spoil piles.
To map the texture, repeat the following steps three times (each time specifying registration points
that are diagonally as far away from each other as possible):
1. Click the Digitize icon.
2. On the air photo, click an easily identifiable point, for example the point where a road turns
sharply right.
3. In the Register Texture Coord dialog box, click the Digitise button.
O
4. Click on an approximate corresponding point on the triangulated surface.
5. Click Ok.


When you have digitized the registration nodes, they will appear in the Setting registration table.

Note: You can right-click on the nodes to either delete or edit them.


The Output File is the name of the .trn file to be generated.
6. In the Output File field, type AIRPHOTO3PT_2.trn, and click OK.
When the .trn file has been generated, the following message will appear.

7. Click Refresh Folder in the Ashes_data folder.

8. Clear the Graphics window and click Cancel in the Graphics [Register Texture] dialog box.


9. Right-click on AIRPHOTO3PT_2.trn and select Open.

The .TRN file is displayed in the Graphics window.

Registering and Displaying Images Task: Plot a registered image on a 2D plan


Zoom in and rotate the view.

Task: Plot a registered image on a 2D plan
If AIRPHOTO3PT_2.trn is not already open:
1. Select the 3D Design tab.
2. Open AIRPHOTO3PT_2.trn.
3. Reset the display to the Normal view.
4. Zoom out to extents.
5. If THEDON.GM3 is not already open, open it.
Next, you will create a 2D plan mount.
6. Choose Mount > Plan > Create.
7. Click Dig beside the fields for the coordinates.

Make sure that the Digitise option is set to X, Y + Z.

8. In the Graphics window, click where you want the lower left corner of the plan to be and then
click where you want the top right corner to be.


9. Click OK.
10. Enter the name of the plan, for example Plan1 and click Ok.
11. Click Cancel in the Plan Create dialog box.
Next, you will show the registered image on the mount in a drafting window.
12. On the Runtime tab, expand Mounts Control Panel.
13. Right-click the mount you created and click Draft on Mount.

14. Choose Mounts > Drafting > Add Image.
15. Click the ellipsis button, navigate to AIRPHOTO3PT.trn and click Select.
16. Click Ok and then click Cancel.
Next you will show a grid in the drafting window.
17. Choose Mounts > Plan > Coordinate Grid.
18. Set the grid boundary color to grey.
19. Click Ok.
20. Click Cancel.
You can display other data on the plan such as borehole locations and survey strings.
To display the borehole locations:


1. Open the borehole database THEDON.B31.
2. From the Mounts menu, select Plan and then Borehole Locations.
3. Click Ok in the Borehole Plan Locations dialog box and then click Cancel.

To display the survey strings:
1. From the Mounts menu, select Plan and then Line Contour - Grid.
2. Beside the Grid field, click the ellipsis button and navigate to the TOPS grid.
3. Select the TOPS grid and click OK in the Select Grid dialog box.
4. Enter appropriate intervals and colours for the contours.
5. Click OK and click Cancel.

Next, you will write a description on the plan.
1. Choose Mount > Drafting > Box Text.
2. Type some text, for example 2D PLAN WITH AIRPHOTO, DTM CONTOURS AND
BOREHOLES.
3. Select the options to make the font Arial, align the text in the centre and display a box around
the text.
4. Click Ok.
5. Drag in the black area below the plan and then click to create a text box.
6. Move the pointer so that you can see a horizontal line and then click.
The horizontal line indicates that the text will not be rotated.
7. Save the geometry file THEDON.GM3 to keep the plan you have created.


Summary
You should now understand how to register an image onto a 3D triangle surface and display the
registered image in the 3D Design window.
Import of Seismic Sections Task: Plot a registered image on a 2D plan


Import of Seismic Sections
Overview
1. Import and register a seismic section image
Display the registered seismic section in the Minex 3D Design window and use it to generate seam
structure data.
Requirements
Before performing the tasks in this section, you should:
Have Minex 6.0 software installed and started on your computer
Have these data files stored on your computer:
ASHES_SEISMIC1.tif.
ASHES_SEISMIC.XYZ.
Note: You can load these data files by installing the Texture Mapping data set and the Ashes data set.
Introduction: Importing and Registering a Seismic Section
Image
A seismic section saved as an image (TIFF, JPG, GIF, PNG, etc.) can be imported into Minex and
registered in 3D ready for display and use in seam structure modeling supplementing the use of
borehole seam interval data. To import the image you need to have an XYZ file containing control
points at nominated pixel rows along the top and bottom of the image. This XYZ data will normally be
supplied by the seismic contractor or geophysicist who processed and interpreted the seismic
reflection data.
The XYZ data is a text file containing the following data in columns:
X coordinate
Y coordinate
TR1 top elevation
BR1 bottom elevation
SP shot point number
Example file ASHES_SEISMIC.XYZ
;;X Y TR1 BR1 SP
Import of Seismic Sections Task: Plot a registered image on a 2D plan


258330.000 6183490.000 850.000 225.000 1
259730.000 6183490.000 850.000 225.000 2
261130.000 6183490.000 850.000 225.000 3
263560.000 6183490.000 850.000 225.000 4
Note: Line 1 is a comment line and as such starts with 2 semi-colons.
The following task is based on a typical workflow.
Import of Seismic Sections Task: Import and register a seismic section image


Task: Import and register a seismic section image
1. Choose Graphics > Clear Graphics.
2. Choose File > Import > Seismic XYZ to textured triangle.

3. Enter the information as shown and click Ok.

The files ASHES_SEISMIC-T1.trn and the corresponding triangle file ASHES_SEISMIC-T1.tr5 are
created.
Import of Seismic Sections Task: Import and register a seismic section image


The following message will be displayed.

8. Click Cancel to close the dialog box.
Next, you will view the registered image.
1. Select the 3D Design tab.
2. Right-click on the file ASHES_SEISMIC-T1.trn in the Minex Explorer window and select Open.
Note: Because the section is vertical viewing and in plan view and will result in a blank screen, so to view it you will
have to rotate the image from the default plan view.

Summary
You should now be able to register and display a seismic section image in Minex 6.0.
Next, we will look at transforming a 3D Sirovision image of a highwall into a registered textured
triangle surface which can be used to capture geological mapping data from the highwall
photographic detail.
Displaying Sirovision Highwall Images Task: Save a Sirovision 3D image as a registered triangle image


Displaying Sirovision Highwall Images
Overview
1. Transforming a 3D Sirovision image of a highwall into a registered texture map.
Display the registered highwall image in the Minex 3D Design window and use it to generate seam
structure data.
Requirements
Before performing the tasks in this section, you should have this data file stored on your computer:
ASHES_HW_3D Image.tif.
UDBSSR.grid.
Task: Save a Sirovision 3D image as a registered triangle image
Next you will convert a 3D Sirovision image into a Minex 6.0 registered triangle image.
2. Right-click the Sirovision file ASHES_HW_3D_Image.tif in the Minex Explorer window and
select Save Tif as Triangle.

The Save Tif as Triangle dialog box is displayed.


3. Enter the information as shown and click Ok.

Files ASHES_HW_3D_Image-0.trn and the corresponding triangle file ASHES_HW_3D Image-0.tr5
are created.
After you have converted the Sirovision 3D tif into a Minex 6.0 registered image and corresponding
triangle file, you can now display the image in the 3D Design window with other Minex data so that
you can use the highwall image for checking models or digitising geological data such as faults or
boundaries of seam roofs or floors.
To display the registered highwall image:
4. Right-click on the file ASHES_HW_3D_Image-0.trn in the Minex Explorer window and select
Open.

You can now view other Minex data in the 3D Design window and start using the highwall image to
validate seam models and add additional geological data such as seam floor /roof boundaries and
faults using the detail on the highwall image.
5. Open the UDBSSR.grid file in the Minex Explorer window.


Next, you will display some boreholes:
5. Choose BoreholeDB > Plot > Borehole Display.
The Borehole Display dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The stored boreholes are displayed.

Summary
You should now be able to register and display a Sirovision highwall image in Minex 6.0.
Next, we will look at texturing design surfaces such as ramps and spoil pile surfaces using the texture
tiling facilities in Minex 6.0.
Registering and Displaying Textures on
Surfaces
Task: Register a repeatable (Tiled) texture image onto a design
surface


Surfaces
Overview
1. Tiling of a repeat texture, such as a rock texture, onto a design surface such as a spoil pile.
Displaying a tiled textured surface in the 3D Design window.
Requirements
Before performing the tasks in this section, you should have these data files stored on your computer:
SPOIL2.tr5 spoil pile design triangle file.
ROCK_TEXTURE.JPG a JPEG image of a sandstone texture.
Task: Register a repeatable (Tiled) texture image onto a design surface
Next, you will display the spoil pile design triangle surface SPOIL2.tr5 in the 3D Design window.
2. Choose Triangle > Display.
The Triangle Display dialog box is displayed.
Surfaces
surface


3. Enter the information as shown and click the Setup button.

Registering and Displaying Textures on Surfaces Task: Register a repeatable (Tiled) texture image onto a
design surface

6. Enter the information as shown and click the Calculate Range button and then press Ok.

7. Click Ok in the Triangle Display dialog box to display the spoil2.tr5 surface in the 3D Design
window.
8. Choose Graphics > Register Texture.
Surfaces
surface


9. Select the Image Input File: Rock_texture.jpg and the Triangle Input File: SPOIL2.tr5.

To map the texture:
1. Click the Digitize icon.
2. In the rock texture image, click a point in the lower left corner.
3. In the Register Texture Coord dialog box, click Digitise and on the spoil2 image, click a
geographic location on its southern end.
4. Click Ok.

5. Click a second point at the top right corner of the rock texture.
6. In the Register Texture Coord dialog box click Digitise and on the spoil2 image, click a
geographic location, on the spoil2 image, to the north east of the first point and click Ok.
7. Repeat the last 6 steps to create a third registration point.
The distance between the two points determines the size of each of the rock texture tiles that are
repeated to cover the whole of the spoil2 surface.
7. Type an output file name (for example spoil_tile) for the resulting registration file and click Save.
Surfaces
Task: Display the textured spoil pile design surface


8. Click Ok in the Register Texture dialog box.
A message box displays the message: Texture Successfully Registered.
9. Click Cancel in the Register Texture dialog box.
You are now ready to display the registered surface with the rock texture.
Task: Display the textured spoil pile design surface
Next, you will display the registered spoil pile design triangle surface spoil_tile.trn in the 3D Design
window
1. Clear the Graphics window .
2. Refresh the project directory in the Minex Explorer and open the spoil_tile.trn file.

Summary Task: Display the textured spoil pile design surface


Summary
After completing this texture mapping tutorial you should:
Know what texture map is.
Be able to register an image to a triangle surface.
Be able to show a registered image in 3D and on plan along with other Minex data.
This texture mapping tutorial is designed to help you to register and display texture images such as
aerial photos correctly. It is not designed as a training aid and should not be considered as a
substitute for training.

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