ln Lwo conferences held by Lhe Crand MasLers of Lhe 8egular Luropean Crand Lodges (Lhe flrsL one Look place ln London ln 2007 and Lhe lasL one ln Ceneva ln 2013), Lhe Lwo ro Crand MasLer of Lhe unlLed Crand Lodge of Lngland, Lord norLhampLon and eLer Lowndes, relLeraLed, aL a 6-year dlsLance, baslcally Lhe same concepL: lteemosooty bos oo tole lo soclety". 1hls lmporLanL message almed especlally Lo dlspel all Lhe clouds and shadows wrapplng lreemasonry noL only ln lLaly, glvlng a dlsLorLed and dlsquleLlng represenLaLlon of lL. 1hls message was noL fully shared by all presenL members. Some Crand MasLers and Crand Cfflcers showed, even lf noL openly (Lhe rlsk of loslng Lhe Lngllsh craved recognlLlon" lnduced prudence.) perplexlLy and lmpaLlence abouL Lhe above menLloned concepL, conLlnulng Lo Lhlnk LhaL, on Lhe conLrary, lreemasonry would have deserved a role, noL only ln socleLy buL also ln pollLlcs, economlcs and more. l compleLely share and supporL Lhe llne proposed by Lhe uolteJ CtooJ loJqe of oqlooJ, ltelooJ ooJ 5cotlooJ as evldenced ln all my speeches slnce Lhe beglnnlng of my flrsL Lerm as Crand MasLer (Aprll 2002), unforLunaLely we musL say LhaL ln Lhe Lwo menLloned conferences Lhe message, alLhough clear, had no followers, lL has noL been deepened or faced ln a debaLe. ln Lhe menLloned conferences and ln Lhose conferences held ln 2009 and 2011, noLhlng has been added Lo Lhe lnlLlal assumpLlon lteemosooty bos oo tole lo soclety, an lmporLanL poslLlon Lo clarlfy Lhe naLure of 2
lreemasonry and, above all, lLs fuLure, and, ln my oplnlon, Lhls sLaLemenL deserved furLher sLudy and Lhe debaLe should have focused on lL. 1haL leaves a gap LhaL we had Lo somehow Lry Lo brldge ln order Lo respond Lo all Lhe 8roLhers who would llke Lo beLLer undersLand Lhe naLure and purpose of lreemasonry. 1hen lL ls necessary Lo answer Lhe maln quesLlon orlglnaLed from Lhe lnlLlal assumpLlon: lf lreemasonry does noL have a speclflc role ln socleLy, whaL does lL represenL for lLs members and whaL does lL promlse Lo Lhose ones who would be members? 8uL mosL lmporLanLly, who ls Lhe lteemosoo ln Lhe modern world? uoes hls presence make sense ln conLemporary socleLy, or may he now be consldered only an orlglnal and folklorlsLlc represenLaLlon of an anachronlsLlc club Lype? As menLloned, desplLe Lhe offlclal poslLlon of Lhe uolteJ CtooJ loJqe of oqlooJ ls clear, Lhe consLanL concern of many lreemasons seems Lo be Lhe lncreaslng number" of Lhelr Cbedlences, and, consequenLly, Lhelr expecLaLlons abouL flndlng for Lhem an lmporLanL role and a sLraLeglc" (or raLher, powerful") placemenL ln Lhe socleLy. 1hey lmaglne lreemasonry lnfluenclng Lhe pollLlcal, economlc, soclal and even rellglous dynamlcs (some people Lhlnk LhaL lreemasonry may even help Lhe dlalogue" beLween Lhe varlous rellglous denomlnaLlons.) and no one asks, on Lhe conLrary, whaL lL can do for Lhe loJlvlJool, how lreemasonry can help hlm Lo lnLerpreL" hls own cooJltloo. WhaL could lreemasonry do, noL for socleLy, buL for Lhe lndlvldual"? ln order Lo answer Lhls quesLlon, however, we musL necessarlly ask Lo ourselves: how ls lL posslble Lo Lhlnk abouL 3
changlng Lhe exLernal" reallLy flrsL lf you have noL worked on Lhe lnner" one?
We could flnd an answer Lo Lhe quesLlon by readlng carefully our rlLual, sLarLlng Lo conslder lL no more as a 8osary Lo be reclLed durlng our ceremonles, approachlng Lhe rlLual as someLhlng allve" LhaL leads Lo Lhe concreLe and fasclnaLlng [ourney of splrlLual evoluLlon". underesLlmaLlng Lhe esoLerlc knowledge of Lhose people who creaLed Lhls rlLual would be a blg mlsLake, morLlfylng an anclenL wlsdom LransmlLLed by Lhose ones who knew lL, lgnorlng Lhe advanLages of Lhls wlsdom. WhaL ls Lhe conLrlbuLlon LhaL lnlLlaLlc Schools llke lreemasonry, desplLe noL havlng offlclal roles" ln socleLy, may lndlrecLly glve Lo socleLy, Lo Lhe enLlre PumanlLy? As l sald, lf you lnLerpreL and undersLand our rlLual, you wlll flnd LhaL lL always shows you Lhe way, parLlcularly concernlng Lhls essay, ln Lhe ceremony of Lhe Second uegree when you are expecLed Lo make Lhe Llberal ArLs and Sclences your fuLure sLudy and, above all, Lo exteoJ yoot teseotcbes to tbe blJJeo mystetles of Notote ooJ 5cleoce. We musL Lherefore ask Lo ourselves, whaL are Lhese hldden" mysLerles of Notote and 5cleoce? lf one of Lhe duLles of a lreemason ls Lo know 5cleoce, we cannoL fall Lo noLe LhaL ln Lhe lasL decades Sclence ls changlng lLs bases, approachlng lncredlbly Lo some Lheorles LhaL unLll a few years ago were only parL of Lhe esoLerlc -alchemlcal" world. lf we aLLempL Lo deflne Lhls new sclenLlflc approach, we should compare lL Lo Lhe neo-laLonlc and Splnozlan vlew based on Lhe 4
relaLlonshlp beLween man and naLure, Lhe search for a oolfleJ knowledge derlved from a bollstlc cooceptloo of reallLy. Accordlng Lo Lhls vlew, man and naLure are parLs of Lhe same harmonlous, llvlng and senLlenL enLlLy, as expresslon of Lhe splrlL, raLher Lhan separaLe and lndependenL parLs. lrom Lhls polnL of vlew, Lhere ls an lncreaslngly dlsapproval of Lhe LradlLlonal Sclence, derlved from Lhe LnllghLenmenL and CarLeslan Lheorles, sLarLlng Lo gllmpse lLs llmlLs. 1he undenlable merlL of LnllghLenmenL was Lo unLle Lhe researcher from Lhe prevalllng Lheologlcal-rellglous commlLmenLs, buL cenLurles laLer LnllghLenmenL has resulLed ln an arld maLerlallsm and mechanlsm, lnsufflclenL, boLh ln meLhod and ln Lhe resulLs, Lo explaln many aspecLs of exlsLence. 1here ls now a new fronLler of 5cleoce represenLed by sclenLlsLs and scholars from all over Lhe world, someLlmes ouLslde Lhe LeLragonal sclenLlflc communlLy (Lhe same LhaL condemned Callleo and Copernlcus), whlch advocaLe a new learnlng, no longer fragmenLed buL oolfleJ , supporLed by sclenLlflc flndlngs LhaL undermlne Lhe cerLalnLles of Lhe offlclal" Sclence and Lhe more orLhodox scholars. 1
lL ls a new phase of Lhe sclenLlflc exploraLlon, agalnsL Lhe convenLlonal sclence, and lL leads us Lo a radlcal reflecLlon abouL man's place ln Lhe scheme of Lhe unlverse and, Lherefore, lL proposes a dlfferenL relaLlonshlp beLween 5cleoce and ulvlolty. unforLunaLely Lhe name new Age" whlch has been aLLrlbuLed by many scholars, crlLlcally and reducLlvely, Lo Lhese lnnovaLlve sLudles, has conLrlbuLed Lo glve an aura of low rellablllLy Lo
lmporLanL dlscoverles LhaL, albelL brlefly, l wlll Lry Lo brlng Lo your aLLenLlon ln Lhls work. 1hey were Lhe same esoLerlc sLudenLs Lo deflne recurrenLly 5cleoce as new Age" LogeLher wlLh Lhose lnnovaLlve flndlngs and cuLLlng- edge sclenLlflc researches, wlLh evldences now accepLed even by Lhe mosL scepLlcal crlLlcs 2 . 8eyond Lhe unllkely comparlsons or deflnlLlons of convenlence, we wlll examlne whaL ls, ln my oplnlon, slmply 5cleoce".
l have already dlscussed some of Lhese Lhemes ln my book 5toJles oo ttoJltloool lteemosooty. 1he ltloclple of complemeototlty, concelved by Lhe uanlsh physlclsL nlls 8ohr, explalns how Lhe elemenLary parLlcles of maLLer, Lhe Ooooto, can be seen boLh as parLlcles and as waves, dependlng on Lhe way you look aL Lhe phenomenon, a Lheory whlch brlngs us back Lo Alcbemy where Lhe mercurlal femlnlne prlnclple explalned Lhe proLeomorflsmus of Lhe naLural phenomena, Lhelr fluld changeablllLy. ln Lhls lnLerpreLaLlon Lhe unlverse may noL be Lhe newLonlan maLerlallsLlc one made of
2 WouLer Panegraaff, new Age 8ellglon and WesLern CulLure, LsoLerlclsm ln Lhe Mlrror of Secular 1houghL, SLaLe unlverslLy of new ?ork press, Albany, 1998, pp. 62-63. 1he uuLch scholar WouLer Panegraaff, for example, ln hls book New Aqe kellqloo ooJ westeto coltote, ln descrlblng Lhe characLerlsLlcs of Lhe phenomenon of 'new Age', so places Lhe lnnovaLlve sclenLlflc researches, glvlng a descrlpLlon of Lhe new meLhodologlcal approach presenL ln Lhem "1toJltloool scleoce - ossocloteJ wltb tbe ocoJemlc estobllsbmeot - ls tbotooqbly cooJemoeJ os motetlollstlc ooJ cooJoclve to bomoo olleootloo, bot tbe New Aqe bos JlscoveteJ tbe oew scleoce os o poteotlol olly oqolost lt. lollowloq 1bomos kobos 5ttoctote of 5cleotlflc kevolotloo, New Aqe bellevets clolm tbot estobllsbeJ scleoce teflects oo ootJote teJoctloolst potoJlqm boooJ to be teploceJ by o oew potoJlqm boseJ oo o bollstlc petspectlve. 1be soqqestloo tbot tbe evolotloooty tbtost of scleoce oow leoJs lt to teject tbe vety motetlollsm lt ooce felpe to cteote ls oo lospltloq to some people o slt ls oottoqeoos to otbet. 1bot New Aqe 5cleoce Jlvetqes ftom molostteom scleoce ls tecoqolzeJ by ctltlcs ooJ sympotblzet ollke, bot botb lotetptet tbls foct Jlffeteotly. ctltlcol ootslJets ptefet to speok of ftloqe scleoce, oo oppellotloo wblcb teflects tbelt coovlctloo tbot tbese opptoocbes ote botJetlloe coses of qeooloe scleotlflc teseotcb, lf oot oooseoslcol pseoJo-scleoce pote ooJ slmple. uefeoJets, oo tbe otbet booJ, toto tbe foct of tbelt motqlool posltloo loto oo oJvootoqe by te-lobelloq tbelt petspectlve os leoJloq eJqe scleoce. 1bey see tbemselves os tbe ovoot-qotJe of scleotlflc ptoqtess. plooeets of o toJlcol oew wotlJvlew.kotbet, New Aqe 5cleoce ls typlcolly coocetoeJ wltb Jeveloploq oolfleJ wotlJvlew. 6
speclflc, vlslble ob[ecLs LhaL move along deflnlLe Lra[ecLorles, essenLlally a sLaLlc one, on Lhe conLrary lL ls a dynamlc unlverse, made of "woves of posslblllty" or mere poLenLlallLles becomlng acLuallLy and Lherefore maLLer, Lhe manlfesL world Lhrough Lhe knowledge of Lhe observer", Lhe sclenLlsL ln Lhe laboraLory, ourselves ln Lhe real llfe. ln Lhls new vlslon of Sclence, Lhe lndlvldual would be Lhe ceotet and Lhe meanlng of Lhe unlverse, [usL as lco della Mlrandola Lheorlzed ln hls work CraLlon on Lhe ulgnlLy of Man". 1he Noo-locollty ptloclple Lheorlzed by Lhe AusLrlan nobel rlze physlclsL Wolfgang aull revealed how Lhe elemenLary parLlcles ln Lhe aLom are ln consLanL and lnsLanL communlcaLlon. Lach parLlcle knows lLs poslLlon regardlng Lhe oLher one and Lhe global slLuaLlon wlLhouL exchanglng any slgnals. 1hls shows, accordlng Lo Lhe sclenLlsLs, LhaL every parLlcle ls connecLed wlLh Lhe whole sysLem and Lherefore all parLs of Lhe unlverse are lnLerconnecLed by elecLromagneLlc flelds as lf Lhey were llnked by a slngle lnLelllgenL energy. lor Lhe flrsL Llme, sclence had Lo Lheorlze Lhe exlsLence of such a dlmenslon LhaL ttoosceoJs Lhe one ln whlch we acLually llve, Loday lL ls necessary Lo resorL Lo Lhe ttoosceoJeot Lo explaln Lhe observed phenomena, because Lhls LranscendenL dlmenslon, so far excluded from Lhe scope of sclenLlflc research, seems Lo lnfluence Lhe behavlour of maLLer. 3
1oday l wlll aLLempL Lo glve an answer Lo Lhe lnlLlal quesLlon concernlng how can lreemasonry lnfluence socleLy wlLhouL havlng
3 lablo venzl, SLudles on LradlLlonal lreemasonry, ALanr, 8ome, 2012, pp. 274. 7
a 'role' ln socleLy, on Lhe basls of Lhe Lheory of Lhe Lngllsh blologlsL 8uperL Sheldrake on 'fotmotlve coosotloo' and 'motpblc flelJs'. Sheldrake's Lheorles are based on a process called motpboqeoesls, ln parLlcular wlLh Lhe Lerm 'fotmotlve coosotloo' Sheldrake refers Lo Lhe mechanlsm by whlch Lhlngs Lake Lhelr shape, or Lhelr organlzaLlon. 1hls dynamlcs covers a broad specLrum of phenomena, Lhe formaLlon of galaxles, aLoms, crysLals, molecules, planLs, anlmals, cells, socleLy, pracLlcally all Lhe phenomena havlng shapes, sLrucLures or self-organlzaLlon properLles, Sheldrake descrlbes hls hypoLhesls uslng Lhese words: 1be bypotbesls of fotmotlve coosotloo ossomes tbot tbe motpboqeoetlc flelJs ote pbyslcolly teol, lo tbe seose tbot tbey ote qtovltotloool, electtomoqoetlc ooJ poootom flelJs. ocb type of cell, tlssoe, otqoo ooJ otqoolsm bos lts speclflc flelJ type. 1bese flelJs fotm ooJ otqoolze mlcto-otqoolsms, ploots ooJ oolmols lo tbe Jevelopmeot pbose, ooJ stoblllze tbe sbopes of oJolt otqoolsms. 1bey Jo tbls oo tbe bosls of tbelt owo spoce-tlme otqoolzotloo. 4
Accordlng Lo Sheldrake's Lheory, Lhe shape of socleLy, ldeas, crysLals and molecules depend largely on bow Lhe prevlous evenLs of Lhe same Lype have been organlzed. All of Lhls would be posslble Lhanks Lo a klnd of looote memoty presenL ln Lhe motpblc flelJs of each Lype of phenomenon, Lhe dlscovery LhaL would lead us Lo Lhe concluslon LhaL Lhe regularlLles of naLure are more llke eLernal and lmmuLable boblts Lhan phenomena governed by lmmuLable maLhemaLlcal laws exlsLlng ouLslde Lhe naLure. Sheldrake wrlLes: My bypotbesls ls tbot tbe cteotloo of boblts JepeoJs oo o ptocess of motpblc tesooooce. 5lmllot octlvlty pottetos tesooote tbtooqb
4 8uperL Sheldrake, 1be lteseoce of tbe lost. Motpblc kesooooce ooJ tbe noblts of Notote, 1988. 8
tlme ooJ spoce, wltb lotet pottetos. 1bls ossomptloo opplles to oll self-otqoolzloq systems, socb os otoms, molecoles, ctystols, cells, ploots, oolmols ooJ oolmol socletles. All ote boseJ oo o collectlve memoty ooJ lo toto tbey qlve tbelt coottlbote. 5
Motpblc tesooooce lndlcaLes Lhe ablllLy of sharlng "hablLs" LhaL organlsms acqulre ln Lhe evoluLlonary process: Lhese hablLs seem Lo resonaLe wlLhln Lhe specles by creaLlng Lhe posslblllty of new acqulslLlons ranglng from Lhe ablllLy Lo reslsL a vlrus Lo new collecLlve learnlng, everyLhlng happens lnvolvlng sub[ecLs locaLed ln areas very dlsLanL from each oLher. Sheldrake ofLen polnLs ouL ln hls sLudles LhaL accordlng Lo modern sclence, everyLhlng ln naLure ls vlbraLlon, shape and acLlvlLy, so hls ldea of Lhe memory of naLure, called morphogeneLlc resonance", ls based on slmllar forms of vlbraLlons LhaL lnfluence each oLher. 1aklng Lhe example of Lhe mandala creaLed by sand vlbraLlons, Sheldrake wanLs Lo show how hls Lheory has someLhlng ln common wlLh many mysLlcal and rellglous LradlLlons LhaL refer abouL prlmordlal vlbraLlons, orlglnal sound. Accordlng Lo Lhem aL Lhe beglnnlng of creaLlon Lhere were vlbraLlons from whlch everyLhlng Look shape. Sheldrake's approach lles ln a new vlslon of sclence LhaL ls radlcally opposed Lo Lhe mechanlsLlc lnLerpreLaLlon on whlch many canonlcal paradlgms of sclenLlflc research are based. ln hls flrsL book on Lhe Loplc, A New 5cleoce of llfe, 1981, as Sheldrake descrlbes Lhls new approach Lo sclence: nowevet, tbe otqoolsm ot bollstlc pbllosopby of ootote ptovlJes o cootext fot o mote toJlcol tevlsloo of tbe mecboolstlc tbeoty. 1bls pbllosopby Jeoles tbot evetytbloq lo tbe oolvetse coo be exploloeJ ftom tbe bottom op, os
lt wete, lo tetms of tbe ptopettles of sobotomlc pottlcles, ot otoms, ot eveo molecole. kotbet, lt tecoqolzes tbe exlsteoce of bletotcblcolly otqoolzeJ systems wblcb, ot eocb level of complexlty, possess ptopettles tbot coooot be folly ooJetstooJ lo tetms of tbe ptopettles exblblteJ by tbelt potts lo lsolotloo ftom eocb otbet, ot eocb level tbe wbole ls mote tboo tbe som of lts potts. 1bese wboles coo be tbooqbt of os otqoolsms, osloq tbls tetm lo o Jellbetotely wlJe seose to locloJe oot ooly oolmols ooJ ploots, otqoos, tlssoes ooJ cells, bot olso ctystols, molecole, otoms ooJ sob-otomlc pottlcles. lo effect tbls pbllosopby ptoposes o cbooqe ftom tbe potoJlqm of tbe mocbloe to tbe potoJlqm of tbe otqoolsm lo tbe bloloqlcol ooJ lo tbe pbyslcol scleoces. 6
8uL whaL ls Lhe naLure of Lhe motpblc flelJs? 1he motpblc flelJs, Sheldrake argues, are 'physlcal', buL dlffer from Lhe oLher flelds known ln conLemporary physlcs, ln facL, alLhough Lhey belong Lo naLure, Lhey are noL made of maLLer. 1hey are nelLher elecLromagneLlc nor quanLum flelds of posslblllLles and do noL concern Lhe parLlcles' orlgln. 1hey are someLhlng more complex, daLa flelds underlylng Lhe developmenL or growLh of all Lhlngs, flelds LhaL underlle Lhe shape's reason and dlsposlLlon of Lhlngs, Lhe reason of slmllar forms, alLhough never ldenLlcal, recurrlng ln naLure such as ln crysLals or ln planLs. So Sheldrake summarlzes Lhe general concepL of flelds": 1be flelJs ote ooo-motetlol teqloos of lofloeoce. 1be ottb's qtovltotloool flelJ, fot exomple, exteoJs otoooJ os. we coooot see lt, lt ls oot sometbloq motetlol, ooJ lt ls oevettbeless teol. lt qlves
6 8uperL Sheldrake, A New 5cleoce of llfe, lcon 8ooks, London, 2009, (flrsL edlLlon 1981), p. 26. 10
welqbt to objects ooJ keeps tbem tleJ to tbe qtoooJ. At tbls vety momeot we ote otttocteJ to tbe eottb. wltboot lt we woolJ be sospeoJeJ lo tbe olt. 1be mooo moves otoooJ tbe eottb becoose of tbe eottb's qtovltotloool flelJ ... 1be qtovltotloool flelJ petvoJes tbe eotlte oolvetse, beoJloq spoce ooJ oll tbe mottet tbot ls cootoloeJ. AccotJloq to lostelo, lt ls oot lo spoce ooJ tlme, lt ls tbe spoce - tlme. 5poce-tlme ls oot o blooJ boslc obsttoctloo, lt bos o sttoctote tbot locloJes ooJ moJels evetytbloq tbot exlsts ot boppeos lo tbe pbyslcol oolvetse ... 1be electtomoqoetlc flelJs ote polte Jlffeteot lo ootote ftom tbose qtovltotloool ooes ooJ pteseot votloos ospects. 1bey ote oo loteqtol pott of tbe otqoolzotloo of oll motetlol systems, ftom otoms to qoloxles. 1bey ote tbe bosls of oot btolo ooJ boJy fooctlooloq. 1bey ote esseotlol fot oll oot electtlcol Jevlces ... 1be flelJs ote tbe meJlom of octloo ot o Jlstooce ooJ tbtooqb tbem, tbe objects coo lofloeoce eocb otbet wltboot beloq lo Jltect pbyslcol cootoct. lo oJJltloo to tbese flelJs tbot we ote fomlllot wltb, tbete ote olso tbose ptovlJeJ by poootom pbyslcs. AccotJloq to tbls tbeoty, eocb pottlcle - electtoo, oeottoo, etc. - ls ossocloteJ wltb lts owo flelJ. 1bey ote mlctoscoplc flelJs lo wblcb tbe pottlcles of mottet exlst lo tbe fotm of poooto of vlbtotloo eoetqy. Nooe of tbese flelJs coo be otttlboteJ to tbe otbet. lbyslclsts bove looq bopeJ to ooJetstooJ tbem os ospects of o sloqle oolfleJ flelJ, ooJ tbe cootempototy tbeotetlcol pbyslcs bos moJe ottempts to Jetlve tbem ftom oo otlqlool cosmlc oolfleJ flelJ tbot woolJ be JlffeteotloteJ lo tbe koowo flelJs lo tbe vety eotly stoqes of expoosloo of tbe oolvetse. 7
7 8uperL Sheldrake, 1be lteseoce of tbe lost. Motpblc kesooooce ooJ tbe noblts of Notote, 1988. 11
ln concluslon, accordlng Lo Lhe Lngllsh blologlsL: 1be ootote of tbe flelJs ls loevltobly o mystety. AccotJloq to moJeto pbyslcs, lt coocetos eveo mote fooJomeotol eotltles of mottet. 1be flelJs coooot be exploloeJ lo tetms of mottet, oo tbe coottoty, lt ls tbe mottet tbot ls exploloeJ lo tetms of tbe eoetqy cootoloeJ lo tbe flelJs. wbot exoctly ote tbe motpboqeoetlc flelJs? now Jo tbey oct? uesplte tbe wlJespteoJ ose of tbls tetm lo bloloqy, we Jo oot bove cleot ooswets to tbese poestloos yet. lo foct, tbe ootote of tbese flelJs ls o mystety os tbe motpboqeoesls ltself. 8
We can aLLempL Lo explaln morphogenesls wlLh examples. When a new chemlcal compound ls creaLed for Lhe flrsL Llme ln Lhe laboraLory, lL ls generally dlfflculL Lo crysLalllze, buL more ofLen lL ls synLheslzed, more easlly lLs crysLals are formed ln laboraLorles all over Lhe world. 8eferrlng Lo Lhe anlmal world, lL ls Lhe ldea LhaL every specles, every member of every specles gleans lnformaLlon from a specles' collectlve memoty, Lunlng ln wlLh Lhe pasL members of Lhe specles, and ln Lurn he conLrlbuLes Lo Lhe furLher specles' Jevelopmeot, everyLhlng Lhrough a resonance" beLween lndlvlduals and groups of specles (e.g. sub-groups, races, eLhnlclLles, gens, famllles, eLc. ln Lhe case of man). 1hese flelds would be subsLanLlally responslble for Lhe shape and Lhe speclflc organlzaLlon of sysLems aL all levels of complexlLy, noL only ln blology buL also ln chemlsLry, physlcs and soclal sysLems. When a member of a specles learns a new behavlour or a new way of 'Lhlnklng', Lhe motpboqeoetlc flelJ of LhaL specles sllghLly changes, buL lf Lhe behavlour or Lhe new sLrucLure of LhoughL ls repeaLed long enough, lLs 'motpblc tesooooce accumulaLes and
8 8uperL Sheldrake, 1be lteseoce of tbe lost. Motpblc kesooooce ooJ tbe noblts of Notote, 1988 12
beglns to offect Lhe enLlre specles. More lndlvlduals of Lhe same specles learn Lo perform a new Lask , or Lo Lhlnk dlfferenLly , more powerful becomes Lhe motpboqeoetlc flelJ of reference and oLher lndlvlduals wlll easlly learn Lo perform LhaL Lask. 1he motpblc flelJs of each sysLem exerL Lhelr lnfluence on consecuLlve" sysLems Lhrough a process LhaL Sheldrake calls, as already seen, motpblc tesooooce. Powever Lhls does noL Lake place only wlLhln a deflned sysLem, as may be a planL or an anlmal body. Motpblc flelJs are ln facL llnked LogeLher ln a "Llme" ouLslde Lhe llnear one, a Llme of presenL memory whlch has Lhe necessary lnformaLlon for Lhe creaLlve plan of Lhlngs. lor every small and lnslgnlflcanL mlneral, vegeLable or anlmal enLlLy, Lhere ls a correspondlng fleld relaLed Lo Lhe resL of Lhe unlverse. ln order noL Lo creaLe mlsundersLandlng, Sheldrake polnLs ouL LhaL: "My lJeo of motpblc flelJs coocetos flelJs wblcb, oltbooqb exteoJeJ ooJ wltb ooo-locol effects, tbey ote stlll pott of tbe collectlve ooJ loJlvlJool mloJ, bot tbey coooot be compoteJ to tbe uolvetsol MloJ. Motpblc flelJs ote oot CoJ ... ".
We sald LhaL Lhe motpblc tesooooce ls Lhe ablllLy of sharlng 'behavloural changes' lncludlng also Lhe acL of Lhlnklng", acqulred by Lhe organlsms Lhrough Lhelr evoluLlonary process. 8ehavlours LransmlLLed wlLhln Lhe same groups allow a developmenL" and an evoluLlon of Lhe same members, even lf Lhe members of LhaL specles are locaLed ln spaLlally dlsLanL polnLs. Accordlng Lo Sheldrake, Lhere are Lles connecLlng Lhe members of soclal groups wlLhln each fleld. 1hese connecLlons acL as channels for Lhe lnformaLlon Lransfer among Lhe separaLe members of Lhe 13
group. We flnd an analogy Lo Lhls process ln Lhe fleld of quanLum physlcs: lf Lwo parLlcles have been parL of Lhe same quanLum sysLem and Lhey are spaLlally separaLed, Lhey reLaln a mysLerlous connecLlon. So a change ln a separaLe parL of a sysLem can have an effecL on Lhe oLher one lnsLanLly. 1hls phenomenon ls known as ooo-locollty or poootom ooo-sepotoblllty. As seen, Lhe Lheory of Sheldrake hypoLheslzes LhaL learnlng Lakes place malnly aL Lhe specles level and noL [usL aL Lhe lndlvldual level, so lf a cerLaln number of lndlvlduals develop some psychologlcal, behavloural or organlc characLerlsLlcs, Lhey are auLomaLlcally ocpolteJ by Lhe oLher members of Lhe same specles. ln Lhe human case lL would lead Lhen, accordlng Lo Lhe Lngllsh blologlsL, Lo LransmlL ln a synchronlsLlc" way Lo members of our own specles even hlgher levels of spltltool owoteoess. ConsequenLly, lf a good parL of humanlLy could achleve a cerLaln level of spltltool owoteoess, Lhls same awareness would exLend, Lhrough 'morphlc resonance', Lo oLher groups lnvolvlng Lhe enLlre sysLem (Lhls number of people or lndlvlduals belonglng Lo any oLher specles ln whlch Lhere would be an analogous phenomenon ls called 'crlLlcal mass'), Lhereby advanclng Lhe level of plooetoty cooscloosoess. So each loJlvlJool ttoosfotmotloo would lnvolve a sysLem modlflcaLlon and Lhose lndlvlduals belonglng Lo Lhe sysLem are lnvolved ln Lhls LransformaLlon. 1he lnlLlaLe, Lhe lreemason, Lhe sollLary splrlLual seeker, ls noL aL all an lsolaLed member of Lhe specles, an enLlLy deLached from Lhe sysLem, buL, ln Lhls vlew, he would be connecLed wlLh all presenL, 14
pasL and fuLure creaLures, Lhanks Lo a powerful physlcal llnk, alLhough subLle and mysLerlous. 1he pollLlcal or soclal acLlvlsm ls noL Lhe only way Lo glve concreLe conLrlbuLlons Lo a sysLem LhaL should be beLLer. Cn Lhe conLrary, lL ls llkely Lo have no resulLs lf you lnLend Lo pursue an exLernal change, wlLhouL flrsL changlng Lhe lnLerlor one, Lhrough Lhe mere maLerlal acLlon. 1he real acLlon comes from Lhe conquesL of a new vlslon, a new awareness galned wlLhln ourselves, buL aL Lhe same Llme lL wlll be lndellble ln Lhe exLernal fleld" deLermlnlng lLs evoluLlon, an evoluLlon LhaL can be sudden and unexpecLed. Accordlng Lo Sheldrake, sysLems are organlzed as we see Lhem manlfesLed, because slmllot sysLems were organlzed ln Lhe same way ln Lhe pasL. Speclflcally, Lhe characLerlsLlc forms and behavlour of all currenLly exlsLlng chemlcal, physlcal, blologlcal and especlally soclal sysLems are gulded and shaped by otqoolzotloool flelJs LhaL, llke an lnvlslble hand, would acL Lhrough space and Llme. 1he enLlre soclal group would be organlzed by a fleld, a sLrucLure deslgnaLed noL only Lo organlze Lhe presenL Llme buL also Lo conLaln Lhe memoty of whaL LhaL soclal group has been ln Lhe pasL, a memory of oLher slmllar soclal groups exlsLed ln Lhe pasL. Concernlng lreemasonry, Lhls would explaln why Lhe loltlotlc 5cbools (Lhe yLhagorean schools, Lhe 'MysLerles', Lhe hermeLlc, 8oslcruclan, neo-laLonlc, alchemlcal schools) have subsLanLlally Lhe same form" and Lhe same archeLype", an ldeal Lype, Lhe lnlLlaLe". 13
PlsLorlcally, Lhe lnlLlaLlc Schools, represenLlng Lhe varlous forms" of 1radlLlon, have been creaLed Lo dlsLlngulsh Lhemselves from 8ellglons and offlclal CulLs, buL noL ln opposlLlon Lo Lhem. 1hey orlglnaLed ln Llmes of crlses and soclal upheavals, when Lhe lndlvldual began Lo manlfesL a pesslmlsm and dlssaLlsfacLlon for all forms of llfe and LhoughL ln whlch he llved, a decllne of values LhaL supporLed lLs exlsLence. lL ls ln Lhese slLuaLlons LhaL some lndlvlduals, Lhe lnlLlaLes", begln Lo ask Lo Lhemselves new quesLlons abouL exlsLence, Lo look for new posslblllLles, Lo Lry alLernaLlve ways LhaL lead Lo a new vlslon and undersLandlng of Lhlngs and aL Lhe same Llme Lhey help noL Lo lose Lhe otleototloo or Lhe CenLer". 1he lnlLlaLlc Schools saw Lhe llghL Lhanks Lo Lhese men who felL Lhe need Lo acceleraLe Lhelr splrlLual and evoluLlonary paLh, assumlng, as foundaLlon, Lhe prlnclples of PermeLlc LhoughL and Lhe meLaphyslcal goal of ldenLlLy beLween Mlcro and Macrocosm. lteemosoo, as archeLypal flgure, represenLs an otlstoctocy of tbe spltlt. 1he larger ls Lhe sLandardlzaLlon, Lhe greaLer ls Lhe value, Lhe splrlLual sLrengLh of Lhe man who, able Lo escape from lL, Lry Lo follow a lonely paLh of splrlLual evoluLlon and reflnemenL of whlch Lhen oLhers wlll also beneflL. 1he morphlc resonance" lmplles LhaL every seL of complex and organlzed acLlvlLles of an lndlvldual (hlgher anlmal or man), whlch also lncludes dreams, mysLlcal experlences, alLered sLaLes of consclousness, has lLs own sLrucLure: Lhese menLal sLaLes and Lhese acLlvlLles can be Lransferred from one lndlvldual Lo anoLher, Lhanks Lo Lhe mechanlsm of morphlc resonance". 16
ln Lhe lnlLlaLlc Schools, Lhe lnlLlaLlon ls Lhe vehlcle LhaL allows Lhe adepL Lo be LransporLed wlLhln Lhe collecLlve memory" of Lhe group, Lo connecL Lo Lhe 1radlLlon, enLerlng a klnd of communlon" wlLh all Lhose ones who have already been member of Lhe group, locaLed ln whaL we use Lo call Lhe LLernal LasL". Applylng Lhe Sheldrake's Lheory Lo Lhe lnlLlaLlc Schools, wlLhln whlch skllled" lndlvlduals work Lo reach hlgher stotes of cooscloosoess, we can conclude LhaL Lhe greaLer ls Lhe number of lndlvlduals ralslng Lhelr splrlLual awareness, Lhe easler wlll be for oLhers lndlvlduals, elLher wlLhln or ouLslde Lhe same group, Lo move ln LhaL dlrecLlon. So lreemasonry, lnLerpreLed as lnlLlaLlc School and noL as club servlce, oplnlon group, pollLlcal parLy or purely charlLable assoclaLlon wlll acL noL only on Lhe socleLy ln whlch lL ls spaLlally locaLed, buL on Lhe whole PumanlLy, faclllLaLlng lLs evoluLlon.
ln Lhe essay 1be lteseoce of tbe lost, Sheldrake suggesLs LhaL Lhe memorles" are noL sLored ln Lhe braln, buL LhaL Lhere ls a range of lnformaLlon whlch can be accessed tbtooqb Lhe braln. 1hls would lead Lo Lhe concluslon LhaL human consclousness, our personal memorles and our sense of self can survlve blologlcal deaLh. So our mlnd, whlle belng locaLed ln Lhe body and ln Lhe braln ln parLlcular, ls noL conflned Lo our bralns and exLends beyooJ lL Lhrough Lhe flelds of Lhe mlnd, or menLal flelds, whlch exlsL elLher wlLhln or beyond Lhe braln lLself. Cur mlnds are Lherefore noL Lrapped ln Lhe llmlLed radlus of our skull, separaLed from each oLher, buL Lhey are lnLerconnecLed wlLh each oLher, lndlvlduals are lotetcoooecteJ. All 17
Lhls would explaln phenomena such as LelepaLhy and slmllar phenomena for whlch Lhere ls noL a sclenLlflc explanaLlon yeL. lor cenLurles we have had, accordlng Lo Sheldrake, Lwo dlsLlncL poslLlons: 1he maLerlallsm one, ln whlch Lhe mlnd was Lhe braln, and Lhe poslLlon of Lhe CarLeslan duallsm, ln whlch Lhe mlnd was seen as someLhlng non-physlcal, non-local, and LhaL ln some mysLerlous way lnLeracLed wlLh Lhe body. Cn Lhe conLrary, Sheldrake proposes: 1he mlnd ls composed of flelds LhaL peneLraLe Lhe braln and exLend beyond lL, [usL llke magneLs, or slmllar Lo whaL happens ln Lhe earLh. Sheldrake's hypoLhesls, Lhen, ls based on Lhe ldea LhaL Lhe mlnd ls locallzed nelLher ln space nor ln Llme, and LhaL cannoL be llmlLed aL presenL, buL, on Lhe conLrary, lL has an lmmorLal and non-energlzlng connoLaLlon and above all noL affecLed by Lhe spaLlal separaLlon. 1he mlnd ls noL only llmlLed Lo Lhe braln buL lL ls noL ptoJoceJ by lL, alLhough lL can acL Lhrough lL. 1hls hlghllghLs Lhe ldea of a collectlve cooscloosoess, lL ls whaL Lhe Swlss psychoanalysL C. C. !ung calls CollecLlve unconsclous", whlch can be represenLed as one mlnd. 1he same Sheldrake conflrmed Lhe analogy beLween Lhe !unglan ldea of Lhe collecLlve unconsclous and hls ldea of a connecLlon beLween lndlvlduals due Lo a collecLlve memory" caused by Lhe morphlc resonance" LhaL would allow us noL only Lo be connecLed wlLh each oLher and wlLh Lhe resL of creaLlon, buL also wlLh Lhe deceased, as conLrlbuLors Lo Lhe collecLlve memory. So Sheldrake wrlLes: 1be collectlve oocooscloos of Iooq bos mocb lo commoo wltb tbe coocept of qtoop mloJ, ooJ tbose ooes tbot Iooq Jefloes os otcbetypes tesemble tbe collectlve tepteseototloos of uotkbelm ... lf tbe Iooqloo lJeo of collectlve oocooscloos boJ oo voloe lo tbe cootext of mecboolstlc tbeoty of llfe 18
ooJ tbetefote lt wos oot tokeo setloosly by tbe ottboJox scleoce, oo tbe otbet booJ lt bos voloe lo tbe llqbt of tbe bypotbesls of fotmotlve coosotloo. 1btooqb tbe ptocess of motpblc tesooooce, sttoctotes of tbooqbt ooJ expetleoces tbot boJ beeo commoo to o lotqe oombet of people lo tbe post coottlbote to tbe fotmotloo of motpblc flelJs. 1bese flelJs cootolo tbe mlJJle fotms of tbe post expetleoce, JefloeJ lo tetms of ptoboblllty. 1bls lJeo cottespooJs to tbe Iooqloo coocept of otcbetypes os looote psycblc sttoctotes. 9
1he MyLh and Lhe myLhologlcal maLerlals", wlLhln Lhe broad fleld of archeLypes, are golng Lo represenL a sorL of pre-exlsLlng, lnherlLed, and accesslble Lhrough Lhe lmaglnaLlve sLrengLh 1radlLlon, a oolvetsol oocooscloos fotm. Pence, Lhese unlversal maLrlxes, Lhe archeLypes, wlll represenL Lhe preclous maLerlal from whlch man wlll draw hls MyLhs": ln Lhls collecLlve and unconsclous lnherlLance of ancesLral memorles, we Lhlnk we can see an ldea of 1radlLlon. Accordlng Lo !ung, Lhe orlgln of Lhe archeLypes can only be explalned by supposlng LhaL Lhey are sedlmenLs of experlences always repeaLed by humanlLy, whlle Lhe collecLlve unconsclous can be ldenLlfled wlLh LhaL parL of Lhe psyche LhaL can be dlsLlngulshed negaLlvely from Lhe personal unconsclous because dlfferenLly lL does noL derlve from personal experlence and consequenLly lL ls noL a personal acqulslLlon. So, whlle Lhe personal unconsclous ls made up essenLlally of conLenLs whlch prevlously have been consclous, buL laLer dlsappeared from consclousness because forgoLLen or repressed, Lhe conLenLs of Lhe collecLlve unconsclous have never been parL of Lhe consclousness and Lherefore Lhey have never been
9 8uperL Sheldrake, 1he resence of Lhe asL: Morphlc 8esonance and Lhe PablLs of naLure, 1988 19
lndlvldually acqulred, Lhelr exlsLence ls due solely Lo lnherlLance. lf Lhe personal unconsclous conslsLs malnly of complexes, Lhe conLenL of Lhe collecLlve, lnsLead, ls essenLlally formed by archeLypes. 10
ln concluslon !ung predlcLs Sheldrake's Lheory: 1be coocept of tbe collectlve oocooscloos ls oeltbet specolotlve oot pbllosopblcol, bot empltlcol. 1be ptoblem ls slmply tbls. Jo ot Jo oot oolvetsol oocooscloos fotms of tbls kloJ exlst? lf yes, tbete ls o teqloo of tbe psycbe tbot coo be colleJ tbe collectlve oocooscloos. 11 1hls reglon of Lhe psyche" recalls Lhe concepLs of morphlc flelds" and Lhe exLended mlnd" of Lhe Lngllsh blologlsL. Lven !ung, such as Sheldrake, declares LhaL psyche and maLLer are relaLed. !ung supporLed hls experlmenLs wlLh Lhe l Chlng, wlLh observaLlons on hls paLlenLs' dreams, whlch ofLen conLalned lmages correspondlng wlLh exLernal evenLs ln a unlque way, Lhey seemed Lo have Lhe same meanlng of Lhe dream lmages. 1hls happens, lL seems, when an archeLype ls acLlvaLed ln Lhe unconsclous of Lhe sub[ecL who experlences lL, and Lhus lL produces a sLaLe of sLrong emoLlonal Lenslon. ln such momenLs psyche and maLLer no longer appear as separaLe reallLles, buL raLher coordlnaLed ln a slngle slLuaLlon full of symbollc meanlng. lL ls as lf Lhe menLal and physlcal world were sldes of Lhe same reallLy. !ung called lL unlLary" ooos mooJos. ln hls oplnlon, Lhe synchronlsLlc evenLs were sporadlc and lrregular parapsychologlcal phenomena, Lhey seem Lo lllusLraLe only speclal cases wlLhln a general prlnclple, whlch he called acausal coordlnaLlon. 1haL ls Lo say LhaL cerLaln naLural facLs seem Lo have an order, wlLhouL lndlcaLlng a cause. 1he !unglan scholar Marle-
10 Carl CusLav !ung, Conferenza 1936, ln Cll Atcbetlpl Jelllocoosclo collettlvo, 8ollaLl 8orlnghlerl, 1orlno, 1993, p. 69. 11 Carl CusLav !ung, lblJem, p. 72. 20
Loulse von lranz remembers: 1be Iooqs Jlstloctloo betweeo ooltoty wotlJ ooJ ooos mooJos ls boseJ oo tbe foct tbot tbe lottet ooe locloJes tbe psycblc Jomolo, l.e. lt ttoosceoJs tbe Jlstloctloo betweeo mloJ ooJ mottet. 1be teollty of tbe ooos mooJos ls ttoosceoJeot, lt coooot be ooJetstooJ by oot cooscloosoess. 1be syocbtoolstlc eveots ote sloqolotlty lo wblcb tbe ooloo of psycbe ooJ mottet occots spotoJlcolly, tbe ooos mooJos. 12
1hen Lhe Lheorles of Lhe new Sclence refer Lo Lhe neo-laLonlc and alchemlcal concepL of Soul of Lhe World", everyLhlng ls connecLed wlLh everyLhlng because everyLhlng ls [usL a parL of a greaL organlsm, Lhe unlverse and, mosL lmporLanLly, every slngle man ls closely relaLed Lhe LoLallLy of Lhe Cosmos. 1he lLallan asLrophyslclsL Masslmo 1eodoranl, who has devoLed lnLeresLlng sLudles Lo uavld 8ohm's Lheory and Lhe phenomenon of SynchronlclLy", sLarLlng from [olnL sLudles of Lhe physlclsL aull and !ung, wrlLes: So whaL we belleve Lo be our psyche ls noL our psyche, buL our ablllLy Lo connecL Lo a wlde unlversal maLrlx LhaL unlLes us all. 1he ego, Lhe separaLlon, Lhe dlsLlncLlon beLween ob[ecLs and parLlcles are so many parLs of a slngle endless dance, buL Laken separaLely as dls[olnL enLlLles Lhey are [usL an llluslon. An llluslon ls our own ego. ln facL, some menLal healLh problems, slmllar Lo Lhose ones LhaL aull had for so long, are a way Lo warn us LhaL we are deLached from our Lrue "self." 1he key Lo happlness, serenlLy and llfe lLself ls aware of belng parL of an lnflnlLe unlverse. 1he only way Lo access ls Lo connecL Lo Lhe realm of archeLypes, l.e. a huge llbrary conLalnlng ln symbollc form all Lhe knowledge of Lhe
12 Marle-Loulse von lranz, slche e maLerla, 8ollaLl 8orlnghlerl, 1orlno, 1992, p. 83. 21
unlverse. AL Lhe boLLom, Lhls realm beyond Llme and space, and Lhe mysLerlous and myLhlcal Akasha", handed down ln CrlenLal LradlLlons, are exacLly Lhe same Lhlng. ln order Lo access Lhe laws of Lhe unlverse ln lLs proper llghL, lL ls essenLlal for Lhe psyche Lo connecL wlLh Lhls cosmlc web". 13
1hls so-called cosmlc web" refers Lo Lhe ldea of 1radlLlon as unlLary basls of a knowledge LhaL lnforms Lhe whole unlverse: lo otbet wotJs, oll of tbls ls temlolsceot of tbe mytblcol teolm of Akosbo meotlooeJ by tbe Otleotol clvlllzotloos fot tboosooJs of yeots. 5ome scleotlsts stotteJ ftom emptloess to floJ tbe coocept of syocbtoooos lotetcoooectloo ooJ oolty of tbe wbole. Otbet scleotlsts, socb os tbe poootom pbyslclst uovlJ 8obm, tbeotlzeJ tbe lmpllcote otJet to Jesctlbe tbe obsttoct teolm tbot lles ot tbe bosls of oll koowo mottet ooJ fotms tbe cooscleoce. 1be pbyslclst Motco 1oJescblol te-eJlteJ oo olJ cottesloo cooceptloo of tbe uolvetse ooJ colleJ tbls teolm os etbet, wblle tbe poootom pbyslclst wolfqooq looll toqetbet wltb tbe psycboloqlst Iooq lolJ tbe foooJotloos of tbe so-colleJ collectlve oocooscloos. 1bete ls o qooJ teosoo to belleve tbot tbe collectlve oocooscloos , etbet, emptloess, lmpllcote otJet ooJ Akosbo ote Jlffeteot woys of tepteseotloq tbe some coocept tbot ls tbe mottlx of oolty ooJ syocbtoolclty of tbe uolvetse. 14
llnally, Lhe hypoLheses of Sheldrake's morphogeneLlc fleld are noL lsolaLed Lheorles, Lhey have ln facL sclenLlflc correspondence ln oLher lnLeresLlng Lheorles such as Lhe !ung's collectlve oocooscloos,
13 Masslmo 1eodoranl, SlncronlclLa, ll leqome tto llslco e lslcbe Jo looll e Iooq o cbopto, Macro Ldlzlonl, Cesena, 2006, pp.64-69. 14 Masslmo 1eodoranl, lbldem, p.103. 22
uavld 8ohm's lmpllcote otJet, enrose and Laszlo's sob-poootom flelJ, ln rlbam's boloqtopblc mecboolsm, ln Lhe qlobol cooscloosoess of 8adln and nelson.
ln concluslon, Lhe warnlng of Lhe Second uegree, Lo deepen tbe blJJeo mystetles of Notote ooJ 5cleoce, ls a clear lndlcaLlon of a paLh Lo follow LhaL can be seen full of exclLlng and someLlmes unbellevable dlscoverles whlch seem Lo colnclde, surprlslngly, wlLh an oocleot koowleJqe LhaL we call 1radlLlon" and LhaL Lhe lnlLlaLlc Schools conLrlbuLed Lo keep allve and LransmlL. We have seen how each new knowledge and dlscovery, each new splrlLual conquesL, each new lndlvldual consclousness, does noL concern only Lhe lndlvldual lnlLlaLe, buL Lhe enLlre communlLy and how, Lherefore, Lhe lreemason, alLhough closed ln Lhe 1emple, affecLs deeply Lhe surroundlng reallLy fulfllllng and l would say Lhe only real acLlon" ln Lhe dlrecLlon of a progress of all humanlLy: hls acLlon ls a real Cosmlc AcLlon".