BUILDING SERVICES

SESSIONAL
OCTOBER 13, 2014
HARSHIT KOTIYA
Ar11002
Q1. Consider a hall of Dimension 3m*15m*3.2m, having
4 windows on both sides of dimension 1.5m*2.4m. 1 door
each on shorter side of dimension 2m*2.4m.Presume
Door open and windows are closed and of total glass.
1000Hz

Ans: Wall A
Area of Wall A: 3m*3.2m= 9.6sq.m
Area of Door: 2m*2.4m=4.8sq.m
Area of Brick Work: 9.6sq.m-4.8sq.m=4.8sq.m
At1= 4.8sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) + 4.8sq.m*1(open
door)
=5.04sq.m
Wall B
Area of Wall B: 15m*3.2m=48sq.m
Area of Window: 1.5m*2.4m=3.6sq.m
Area of 4 window: 3.6sq.m*4=14.4sq.m
Area of Brick Work: 48sq.m-14.4sq.m=33.6sq.m
At2= 33.6sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) +
14.4sq.m*0.1(ordinary window glass)
=3.12sq.m
Floor
Area of floor: 15m*3m=45sq.m
At3= 45sq.m*0.3(concrete block unpainted) =13.5sq.m
Slab
Area of Slab: 15m*3m=45sq.m
At4= 45sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) =2.25 sq.m
At= At1+At2+At3+At4+At5+At6
=5.04sq.m+3.12sq.m+13.5sq.m+2.25
sq.m+5.04sq.m+3.12sq.m
=32.07sq.m
Rt= 0.161*volume
At

=0.161*144 =0.722 sec
32.07

Q2: Discuss acoustical defects and remedies.

Acoustical conditions in a big room, ball or
auditorium etc are achieved when there is clarity of
sound in every part of occupied space.
For this, the sound should rise to suitable intensity
everywhere with no echoes or near echoes or
distortion of the original sound with correct
reverberation time

Factors Affecting Acoustics of Buildings :

1.Reverberation Time:
If a hall is to be acoustically satisfactory,
it is essential that it should have the right
reverberation time. The reverberation time
should be neither too long nor too short.
The optimum value for reverberation time
depends on the purpose for which a hall is
designed.
Remedies
The reverberation time can be controlled by
the suitable choice of building materials
and furnishing materials.
Cardboard sheets, perforated sheets, felt,
heavy curtains, thick carpets etc are used
to increase wall and floor surface
absorption. Therefore, the walls are to be
provided with absorptive materials to the
required extent and at suitable places.
In order to compensate for an increase in
the reverberation time due to an unexpected
decrease in audience strength, upholstered
seats are to be provided in the hall.

2.Loudness
Sufficient loudness at every point in the
hall is an important factor for satisfactory
hearing.
Excessive absorption in the hall or lack of
reflecting surfaces near the sound source
may lead to decrease in the loudness of the
sound.
Remedies
A hard reflecting surface positioned near
the sound source improve the loudness.
Low ceilings are also of help in reflecting
the sound energy towards the audience.
Adjusting the absorptive material in the
hall will improve the situation.
When the hall is large and audience more,
loud speakers are to be installed to obtain
the desired level of loudness.
3.Focusing
Reflecting concave surfaces cause
concentration of reflected sound,
creating a sound of larger intensity at
the focal point. These spots are known as
sound foci.
Such concentrations of sound intensity at
some points lead to deficiency of
reflected sound at other points.
The spots of sound deficiency are known
as dead spots. The sound intensity will be
low at dead spots and inadequate
hearing.
Further, if there are highly reflecting
parallel surfaces in the hall, the
reflected and direct sound waves may
form standing waves which leads to
uneven distribution of sound in the hall.

Remedies
The sound foci and dead spots may be
eliminated if curvilinear interiors are
avoided. If such surfaces are present, they
should be covered by highly absorptive
materials.
Suitable sound diffusers are to be
installed in the hall to cause even
distribution of sound in the hall.
A paraboloidal reflecting surface
arranged with the speaker at its focus is
helpful in directing a uniform reflected
beam of sound in the hall.

4.Echoes
When the walls of the hall are parallel,
hard and separated by about 34m distance,
echoes are formed. Curved smooth surfaces
of walls also produce echoes

Remedies
This defect is avoided by selecting proper
shape for the auditorium. Use of splayed
side walls instead of parallel walls greatly
reduces the problem and enhance the
acoustical quality of the hall.
Echoes may be avoided by covering the
opposite walls and high ceiling with
absorptive mater

5.Echelon effect
If a hall has a flight of steps, with equal
width, the sound waves reflected from them
will consist of echoes with regular phase
difference. These echoes combine to
produce a musical note which will be heard
along with the direct sound. This is called
echelon effect. It makes the original sound
unintelligible or confusing

Remedies
It may be remedied by having steps of
unequal width.
The steps may be covered with proper sound
absorbing materials, for example with a
carpet.

6.Resonance
Sound waves are capable of setting physical
vibration in surrounding objects, such as
window panes, walls, enclosed air etc. The
vibrating objects in turn produce sound
waves. The frequency of the forced
vibration may match some frequency of the
sound produced and hence result in
resonance phenomenon. Due to the
resonance, certain tones of the original
music may get reinforced that may result in
distortion of the original sound.

Remedies
The vibrations of bodies may be suitably
damped to eliminate resonance due to them
by proper maintenance and selection.

7.Noise
Noise is unwanted sound which masks the
satisfactory hearing of speech and music.
There are mainly three types of noises that
are to be minimized.
They are (i) air-borne noise, (ii) structure-
borne noise and (iii) internal noise.

(i) Air-Borne Noise
The noise that comes into building through
air from distant sources is called air-borne
noise.
A part of it directly enters the hall
through the open windows, doors or other
openings while another part enters by
transmission through walls and floors.


Remedies
The building may be located on quite sites
away from heavy traffic, market places,
railway stations, airports etc.
They may be shaded from noise by
interposing a buffer zone of trees, gardens
etc.
(ii) Structure-Borne Noise
The noise which comes from impact sources
on the structural extents of the building is
known- as the structure-borne noise. It is
directly transmitted to the building by
vibrations in the structure. The common
sources of this type of noise are foot-
steps, moving of furniture, operating
machinery etc.
Remedies
The problem due to machinery and domestic
appliances can be overcome by placing
vibration isolators between machines and
their supports.
Cavity walls, compound walls may be used
to increase the noise transmission loss.
(iii) Internal Noise
Internal noise is the noise produced in the
hall or office etc.
They are produced by air conditioners,
movement of people etc.
Remedies
The walls, floors and ceilings may be
provided with enough sound absorbing
materials.
The gadgets or machinery should be placed
on sound absorbent material.







QUESTION3 . DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGS:
ANSWER :-
Fire safety drill
A fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of a
building for a fire or other emergency. Usually the
emergency system (fire alarm, smoke detector etc) sounds
and the building is evacuated as though a real fire had
accrued.
Drills provide virtually the only means, short of an
actual incident, of measuring the state of readiness and
of testing the effectiveness of an emergency response
plan

Automatic sprinkler
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire
protection measure, consisting of a water supply system,
providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water
distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are
connected.

Wet riser
A wet riser is a system of pipe work and valves that is
permanently kept with water for the purpose of
distributing water within a building for firefighting
purposes.

Fire rating
A fire rating refers to the length of time that a material
can withstand complete combustion during a
standard fire test.

Hose reel
A fire hose is a high pressure hose (pipe) that carries
water or other fire retardant to a fire to extinguish it.
Outdoor, it attaches either to a fire engine or a fire
hydrants. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a
buildings plumbing system. A hose reel is a cylindrical
spindle made of metal, fiber glass or plastic and is used
for storing a hose.

Fire safety tank
The tank used to store water in case of fire emergency is
known as fire safety tank.

Fire lift
A lift within the firefighting shaft with dual power supply
and is capable of being commandeered by the Fire Service.


Down comer
It is a vertical pipeline (dia. depends on the floor area of
the building) connected to a overhead tank.

Fire extinguisher
A fire extinguisher, or extinguisher, is an active fire
protection device used to extinguish or control small
fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for
use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has
reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape
route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise
requires the expertise of a fire department.



QUESTION 5.FIRE FIGHTING NORMS FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDING
(PURE COMMERCIAL AND PURE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)
ANSWER :-
WIDTH OF ROAD
Sections:- As per section 4.6 (a) of part 3 & 7.4.1 (a) of
part IV of N.B.C.
The road which abuts a High rise building to be
constructed shall be more than 12 meter width. The
road should be hard surfaced to carry a minimum weight
of 18,000 Kgs, the maximum weight of a Fire Engine.









ENTRANCE WIDTH & HEIGHT CLEARANCE
Section:- As per section 4.6 (c) of part C & 7.4.1(d) of
part IV of N.B.C.

Every High rise building should have at least 2 means
of access, one remote to the other, of
Minimum width 4.5m. With height clearance of 5m. This
minimum width is essential to facilitate free movement of
fire units.










SETBACK OR OPEN
SPACES
Section: As per table 2 of section 8.2.3.1 of part III of
N.B.C.

Sufficient open space (setbacks) around residential
buildings, as indicated in the next slide, is essential to
facilitate free
movement and
operation of
Fire Service
vehicles.













Bu
si
ne
ss
/M
er
ca
nti
le
&
st
or
age building
Open space around the building shall not be less than
4.5meters. It can be relaxed in
Certain circumstances.

CAR PARKING IN SET BACKS / OPEN SPACES:
Section: As per section 4.6 (b) of appendix B of part III of
N.B.C.

If the setback area / open spaces is more than 12 meter,
the provision for car parking can be done in the setback
or open spaces at the periphery of the courtyard leaving
the 6meter motor able road.
Sr. noo Height of building in
Meters
Exterior open
spaces/setbacks to
Be left on all sides.
Minimum in
meters
1 Above 9.5 up to 12 4.5
2 Above 12 up to 15 5.0
3 Above 15 up to 18 6.0
4 Above 18 up to 21 7.0
5 Above 21 up to 24 8.0
6 Above 24 up to 27 9.0
7 Above 27 up to 30 10.0
8 Above 30 up to 35 11.0
9 Above 35 up to 40 12.0
10 Above 40 up to 45 13.0
11 Above 45 up to 50 14.0
12 Above 50 16.0













CAR PARKING
Section As per section B/8 of appendix B of part III of
N.B.C

Car Parking shall have to be done at the basement with
provision for minimum 2 ramps one remote to other.
















STAIR CASES
Section :- As per section 12.18 of part III, 8.5.1 (Table
24), 8.6.2,8.9,8.10,8.13, 9.3.5(a),10.4.1,11.3.2 of
part IV & appendix D1.3,D1.4 of part of NBC.

a) Every high rise building Have minimum 2 numbers of
Staircases.

b) Width of staircases varies from 1 m. to 2 m.

C) For residential building width of staircases should be
1 mtr.

c) Out of 2 staircases, 1 can be used as a fire escape
staircase.

d) Width of fire escape should be minimum 0.75 meter.

e) Number of staircases shall be given as per the travel
distances.

g) Staircase shall not be extended to basement to
prevent smoke , heat & gases. From the basement smoke,
heat 7 gases can be travel to upper floors.

h) Access to the basement from the ground should be
through a separate staircase, which is not
connected to main staircase (i.e. It should be remote to
each other.)

i) Staircase shall be of enclosed type to prevent entry of
smoke & fire to the staircase & vice versa.

j) Spiral staircase shall be provided up to 9 mtr.
Height.

k) External staircase normally shall not be allowed.

LIFTS
Section: - as per section 18 of part III & 6.18 & appendix
A.15 of part IV of NBC.
a) Minimum 1 lift capable of carrying minimum 8 persons
weighing 545 kgs.Shall be provided for every high rise
building.

b) Landing doors of lifts shall open to ventilated lobby &
shall have a fire resistance of 1 hour.

c) 1 lift shall be designed as a Fire Lift

c) Fireman Switch shall be provided for each lift.

d) Lifts shall not be used as means of evacuation.

e) Collapsible gates shall not be provided for the lift.

f) If more than 1 lifts are installed the partition wall should
be of minimum 2 hours fire resistance.

THE REFUGE AREA
Section: As per section 8.12.3 on part
IV of NBC,
the refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of
the floor & open to air at least on one side protected
with suitable railing.
a) For floors above 24m & up to 39m one refuge area on the
floor immediately above 24m.

For floors above 39m one refuge area on the floor immediately above 39m & so on after
15m refuge area shall be provided


SERVICE DUCT
As per appendix D 1.9 part IV of N.B.C. all the services
ducts, if provided, should have to be enclosed by
walls of at least 2 hour fire resistance & should have
to be sealed at every alternate floor with non-
combustible materials having at least 2 hour fire
resistance. The sealing at floor level is to prevent
travel of smoke & fire to the upper floors through the
ducts.

BUILT IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
WET RISER
a) Wet riser cum down commer or only down commer
system shall be provided for residential building.

b) For commercial building only only wet-riser system
shall be provided.

a) For hotels wet-riser cum down commer both the systems
shall be rovided.
b) Diameter of riser will be 150mm for all the buildings.

c) For each 1000m2 floor area or its part one riser
shall be provided.

d) At every landing twin outlet each of 63mm dia. shall be
provided (one should be connected to hose reel &
another should be to hose & branch).


e) Length of hose should be shall that it should reach at
the last point of floor area.

f) Minimum two courtyard hydrants shall be provided
(courtyard hydrant will be an extention to riser)
g) Hose reel hose of 12mm dia. shall be provided from
landing valve to wet-riser at each floor.

h) A separate fire service inlet shall be provided at the
ground floor.
i) Location of wet-riser shall be preferable as near to
staircase.


WATER TANK
a. Underground water storage tank varies from 50,000
liters. to 250,000 liters. Depending on the type &
occupancy of the buildings.
b. The capacity of terrace level water storage tank varies
from 10,000 liters. to 20,000 liters. Depending on the
type & occupancy of the building.
(Above mentioned water tank capacity is for 1 riser. If
the number of risers will be more than 1, than quantity
of water shall be increased in that proportionate. In
addition to this if automatic sprinkler, drenchers are
provided for special risk then this will be additional
quantity of water.)
PUMP CAPACITY
a. For underground water storage tank, pump shall be
installed of a capacity either 1800 L.P.M. or 2400 L.P.M.
depending on the type and occupancy of the building
along with jocky pump.

b. At topmost hydrant we should get a pressure of not
less than 3.5 bar.
c. For terrace level water storage tank,pump shall be
installed of a capacity either 450 L.P.M. occupancy of the
building.
d. Alternative source of supply for the pump shall be
provided.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

e. Depending on the occupancy, M.O.E.F.A. system or
automatic operated system shall be provided in the
building.
f. Every building more than 15m in height shall provide
both I.e. M.O.E.F.A & A.F.A. Manually operated Electrical
fire alarm system Automatic Fire Alarm System
g. Residential & office buildings between 15m & 24m in
height may be exempted from installation of automatic
fire alarm system if local fire brigade is well equipped to
face the emergency up to 24m.
h. One has to manually operate the glass in M.O.E.F.A.S.
i. M.O.E.F.A.S. requires a special person or separate
person to operate.



SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Section: As per section 7.10.7 of part IV of NCB.

a) Sprinkler system is a must for basement parking & other
risk areas where large quantities of combustible
materials are stored.
b) Each sprinkler should cover 6.96m2 area.
c) Normally a separate sprinkler should be provided for a
separate car.
d) Sprinklers may connect to main water tank & pump, but
capacity of the tank & pump shall be increased in that
proportionate.
e) The capacity of water tank shall be calculated on the
basis of sprinklers.

ALTERNATIVE POWER SUPPLY
As per appendix D-1.5 of part IV of N.B.C.
a stand by generator should be installed to supply
power for staircase lighting, corridor lighting, fire
pump, pressurization fan & blowers, in the event of
disconnection of failure of main supply.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Section: as per section 7.10.4 part IV of N.B.C.
First Aid Fire fighting appliances shall be provided &
installed in accordance with LATEST IS 2190.

ESCAPE ROUT
As per section 8.2.5 of part iv of NBC
The escape route should be marked with a sign board on
the corridor & passage to guide evacuation. normally, the
escape route sign board must be written in luminous paint
for easy identification. this is to guide every occupant of
the building who is bound to panic in the event of
accident.

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
As per appendix D.5 of part IV of NBC,
Every high rise building should have a public address
system with 2 way communication to conduct evacuation in
a systematic manner & to communicate any messages to
occupants on every floor from the control room.


FIRE OFFICER
Section: As per section D6 (Appendix D) of part IV of
N.B.C.
Fire Officer / Supervisor for Hotels, Business &
Mercantile Buildings with Height more than 30 m.

PROVISION OF HELIPAD
Section: As per D 10(Appendix D) of part IV of N.B.C.
For High rise buildings above 60 m in height provision for
Helipad should be
Made.

FIRE DRILLS & FIRE ORDERS
Section: As per section D 8 (Appendix D) of part IV of
N.B.C.
Fire Safety Plan: It`s very important to have a fire safety
plan to prevent & extinguish any fire in the building with
details action to be taken by each occupant. Telephone
nos. of all emergence services much be indicated in the
plan.

QUESTION 6:-ANCIENT STRUCTURE DESIGNED FOR
ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE.

St. Markss church Venice Italy.

There are five domes on the
top of this cathedral, one at the
top of each end of cross and one
at the centre. The placement and
properties of dome itself create
acoustical properties in churchs
architecture. A dome focuses
sound due to its interior
parabolic surfaces. The sound
waves are reflected off the
curved surface and energy
converges at the focus point of
the structure. The quality of sound in domed structure
depends upon the curvature and the coefficient of absorption
of the interior material. Domes can be designed to control
echo effect by using absorbent material or lengthen
reverberation time. The interior of church is of marble
decorated with mosaic each dome is fashioned a little
differently and affects a sound in different ways. One dome
produces brassy tones while the opposite one produces silver
tones. The audience is made to sit under the main dome and
have sound projected from the 2 domes on either side to
experience of both the domes.
GREEKS:-
Core of any Greek theatres was the place for orchestra or chief
performances. Ancient Greek theatres were very large, open air
structures that took advantage of sloping hillsides for their
terraced seating. They regularly depicted their history, wars
and happenings around the city of their plays in these theatres.
The audience sat in the theatron the seeing place on
semicircular or fan shaped rows of benches. On the far side of
orchestra was the stage building or scene. This was a kind of
store to keep masks and costumes. On either side of the stage
building
were long
ramps
called
eisodoi or
parodoi
that led
into or
away from
orchestra
these
were used
for
entrance
and exit.
These was
also a
special
block of seats reserved for the members of executive council of
assembly. The farthest seat was about 70m from the stage. The
seats were racked at a very steep angle of around 30-34
degrees to the horizontal. This helped in favourable acoustical
conditions and also provides clear view of stage. The steep
angle created a shorter path for the sound with just a little
reference between source and the speaker. Location of theatre
over mountain was the most contributing factor of good
acoustics; since the location was away from the city there was
no hindrance of other noises.








DISCUSS ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS AND REMEDIES:
1. REVERBERATION:-
Excessive or lengthen reverberation causes prolonged effect
of sound resulting in confusion with the next sound produced.
This can be corrected by using suitable absorbent material and
reducing reverberation time.

2. FORMATION OF ECHOES:-
When reflecting surfaces are situated at a distance greater
than 17m or so and when shape of the structure is unsuitable
the formation of echoes takes place. This defect can be
corrected by using proper shapes of structure by using proper
shape of structure by using rough and porous surfaces .

2. SOUND FOCII:-
In case of concave reflecting surfaces certain spots are
formed where reflected sound waves meet and create a sound
of large intensity. These spots create a sound of large
intensity these spots are known as sound foci. This defect can
be removed by avoiding use of concave interior surface.

3. DEAD SPOTS:-
This defect is the reverse of sound foci Because of high
concentration of reflected sound in some areas. These points
are known as dead spots. This leads to inadequate hearing.
This defect can be solved by installing suitable diffusers to
distribute sound evenly.

4. LOUDNESS:-
This defect occurs due to lack of reflecting surfaces near the
Source of sound and excessive absorption of sound in the
hall. This defect can be corrected by installing reflective
surfaces near sound sources and absorptive surfaces of hall
being suitably adjusted.

5. EXTERIOR NOISE:-
This occurs due to poor sound insulation. This defect can
be avoided by using suitable insulating surfaces and proper
planning.
NOISE CONTROL WITH THE HELP OF LANDSCAPING:
EARTH BERMS:
The careful design and situation of earth Berms can be an
effective way of reducing noise from traffic or construction
operations Berms can either be temporary or remain as a
permanent feature of the landscape (Figures 660-9 and 660-10) .
The slope of a berm depends on the type of surface treatment or
maintenance involved. For instance, a mowed grass berm is easier
to maintain if graded to a slope of 1:3 or less.



BARRIER WALLS AND EARTH BERMS

Barrier walls can be used separately or in combination with
earth berms to minimize noise levels.




Vegetation

The type of ground
surface over which
sound travels does
have a substantial
effect on sound
attenuation,
particularly when
travelling over large
distances. Areas
covered with grass or
other types of
groundcover are more
absorptive than hard,
paved surfaces, which
tend to reflect the
sound. Taller plantings, such as hedges or shallow screen
plantings (even though they may completely block the view of the
noise source), will not significantly reduce actual noise levels
.However, dense plantings of trees with an understory of shrubs
can result in a reduction of 3 to 5
dB(A) per 30 m (100 ft) of depth from
the sound source.


Vegetation can be used to barrier the effects many problems
including noise pollution. As with plantings for wind or visual
barriers, the selection and arrangement of the plant material
is key to a successful outcome.
With these barriers vegetation serves to soften the visual
effect of the barrier and reduce the reverberation of sound.
Earthen berms are often used in combination with trees and
shrubs to deflect and absorb sound when the available space
is limited.
Vegetation alone can be used where adequate space is
available. To be effective the planting must be multiple rows to
about 40-75' in depth. Care also must be taken to plant the
first row at 50' from a roadway or any area that should not be
subject to extra snow deposits. Conifers or evergreen
broadleaf plants will naturally provide the best year around
noise reduction. Deciduous trees and shrubs can be added to
the planting for variety and added summer noise reduction.
Vegetation should be selected for site conditions with special
attention to issues of air pollution and salt spray if used near
busy roadways. See urban tolerance chart. It is also important
to incorporate fast growing plants and long lived plants for a
quick and long lasting barrier.

PLANT EVERGREEN TREES
Most people think that just planting trees is enough to reduce
unwanted noise. Regular trees will only block noise when they
are full of leaves. Also, many trees only have leaves on their
higher branches. Evergreen trees are perfect for noise
reduction because their leaves dont fall off seasonally, and
many evergreen trees have leaves and branches that extend all
the way to the ground.

UTILIZE TALL HEDGES
Tall hedges are great for blocking noise from a busy street. In
addition, they also act as a privacy screen. Hedges do take a
little time to grow, but they are a perfect choice for any
homeowner who plans on spending a lot of time in their yard.
Hedges require some regular maintenance as they grow.
PLANT VARYING TYPES AND SIZES OF SHRUBS
Shrubs are great for noise cancellation. Homeowners will
have a variety of shrubs to choose from depending on their
geographic location. Hardy native varieties make great choices
for those who want low-maintenance noise cancellation. Native
varieties often require very little care and water. It may be
helpful to speak with a local nursery prior to purchasing and
planting shrubs.
INSTALL A PRIVACY FENCE
A privacy fence is an incredibly effective landscaping tool.
Depending on how small the yard is, a privacy fence can be
constructed in just a few days. Traditional wood-plank fencing
makes a good economical choice for reducing traffic noise.
Homeowners with larger budgets should consider brick and
stone fences for more effective traffic-noise reduction.
ADD WHITE NOISE
A great way to reduce traffic noise is to add soothing white
noise to an outdoor living space. Fountains are a great way to
bring a peaceful sound into an otherwise noisy backyard. A
fountain also makes a beautiful visual addition to any backyard
garden or patio.

COMBINATION APPROACH
A combined approach is the best way for homeowners to reduce
traffic noise in an outdoor living space. Planting trees, hedges
and shrubs is a great start. Dedicated homeowners should also
build a privacy fence and add some soothing white noise. When
combining all of these noise-cancelling methods, the end result
is a much more tranquil and relaxing outdoor living space.




DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF NOISE ON MAN IN URBAN
AREA

HEARING PROBLEMS:
Any unwanted sound that our ears have not been built to
filter can cause problems within the body. Our ears can take in
a certain range of sounds without getting damaged. Man made
noises such as jackhammers, horns, machinery, airplanes and
even vehicles can be too loud for our hearing range. Constant
exposure to loud levels of noise can easily result in the damage
of our ear drums and loss of hearing. It also reduces our
sensitivity to sounds that our ears pick up unconsciously to
regulate our bodys rhythm.

HEALTH ISSUES:
Excessive noise pollution in working areas such as offices,
construction sites, bars and even in our homes can influence
psychological health. Studies show that the occurrence of
aggressive behavior, disturbance of sleep, constant stress,
fatigue and hypertension can be linked to excessive noise
levels. These in turn can cause more severe and chronic health
issues later in life.

SLEEPING DISORDERS:
Loud noise can certainly hamper your sleeping pattern and may
lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations. Without a good
night sleep, it may lead to problems related to fatigue and your
performance may go down in office as well as at home. It is
therefore recommended to take a sound sleep to give your body
proper rest.

CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES:
Blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress
related heart problems are on the rise. Studies suggest that
high intensity noise causes high blood pressure and increases
heart beat rate as it disrupts the normal blood flow. Bringing
them to a manageable level depends on our understanding noise
pollution and how we tackle it.

TROUBLE COMMUNICATING:
High decibel noise can put trouble and may not allow two
people to communicate freely. This may lead to misunderstanding
and you may get difficult understanding the other person.
Constant sharp noise can give you severe headache
and disturb your emotional balance.

EFFECT ON WILDLIFE:
Wildlife faces far more problems than humans because noise
pollution since they are more dependent on sound. Animals
develop a better sense of hearing than us since their survival
depends on it. The ill effects of excessive noise begin at home.
Pets react more aggressively in households where there is
constant noise.