BOTANY PAPER: - V

CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT:- I ALGAE

I.1 Life history of Coleochaete and Caulerppa

I.2 Life history of Chara
I.3 Life history of Diatoms and its economic importance
I.4 Life history of Ectocarpus
I.5 Role of algae in human welfare

UNIT:- II FUNGI

II.1 Life history of Aspergillus

II.2 Life history of Puccinia
II.3 Life history of Fusarium
II.4 Role of fungi in human welfare
II.5 Industrial importance of fungi

UNIT:- III BRYOPHYTES

III.1 Life history of Pellia

III.2 Life history of Sphagnum
III.3 Evolutionary trends amongst the different groups and their affinities

UNIT:- IV PTERIDOPHYTES

IV.1 Life history of Isoetes

IV.2 Life history of Ophioglossum and Marselea
IV.3 Morphology and anatomy of Rhynia, Lepidodendron
IV.4 Morphology and anatomy of Spenophyllum, Calamites

UNIT:- V MICROBIOLOGY

V.1 Ultra structure of E.coli and T4 Phage

V.2 Staining and sterilization methods
V.3 Culture media concept of pure culture
V.4 Methods of population estimation, growth determination
V.5 Industrial application of microbes
► Alcohol fermentation
►Food processing

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 BOTANY PAPER: - VI
BIOLOGY OF SEED PLANTS

UNIT:- I GYMNOSPERMS

I.1 Life history of Ginko

I.2 Life history of Ephedra and Gnetum
I.3 Morphology and anatomy of Lyginodendron, Cycadeoidea
I.4 Morphology and anatomy of Cordites, Pentoxyle
I.5 Evolutionary trend among the different groups

UNIT:- II ANGIOSPERMS

II.1 Origin of Angiosperms

II.2 Plant nomenclature
II.3 Modern trends in plants taxonomy
II.4 Pre-Darwinian and post Darwinian systems of classification
II.5 Types of: Inflorescences, Aestivation, Placentation, Leaves,

UNIT:- III DETAILED STUDIES OF FAMILIES OF POLYPETALAE – I

III.1 Anonaceae
III.2 Capparidaceae
III.3 Malvaceae
III.4 Myrtaceae
III.5 Cucurbitaceae

UNIT:- IV DETAILED STUDIES OF FAMILIES OF POLYPETALAE – II

IV.1 Rutaceae
IV.2 Maliaceae
IV.3 Sapindaceae
IV.4 Anacardiaceae
IV.5 Rhamnaceae

UNIT:- V DETAILED STUDIES OF FAMILIES OF GAMOPETALAE AND

MONOCHLAMYDEAE

V.1 Compositae
V.2 Solanaceae
V.3 Labiateae
V.4 Urticaceae
V.5 Amarantaceae

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 BOTANY PAPER: - VII
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOSTATISTIC, PLAN
PATHOLOGY, BIOFERTILZER, BIOCONTROL AND BIOETHICS

UNIT:- I PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

I.1 Mineral nutrition: macro and micronutrients, mineral deficiency symptoms

and plant disorder
I.2 Growth kinetics and phases of growth
I.3 Physiology of seed dormancy and seed germination
I.4 Concept of photorespiration and physiology of flowering
I.5 Nitrogen metabolism

UNIT:- II BIOCHEMISTRY

II.1 Carbohydrates – classification, properties and function

II.2 Proteins – classification and Structure of proteins
(Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)
II.3 Lipid – Classification, function, β – oxidation
II.4 Enzymes – classification, mode of action and inhibition
II.5 DNA structure A, B and Z forms of DNA

UNIT:- III BIOSTATISTIC

III.1 Measures of central tendency: Mean, Mode and Median, Frequency

distribution
III.2 Measures of dispersion: Range, Variance, and Standard deviation,
Coefficient of variation
III.3 Confidence limits and Confidence intervals
III.4 Chi-square test
III.5 Student’s “t” tests, measuring of significance and significance levels

UNIT:- IV PLANT PATHOLOGY

IV.1 General Account of plant pathology

IV.2 Pathogen attack and defense mechanisms
IV.3 Plant diseases management
IV.4 Genetics of resistance and susceptibility
IV.5 Molecular plant pathology

UNIT:- V BIOFERTILIZER, BIO-CONTROL AND BIOETHICS

V.1 Wormiculture
V.2 Biofetilizer
V.3 Biological control of pest (Bacteria, Fungi, Insects)
V.4 Biodiversity acts
V.5 Protection of traditional knowledge

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 BOTANY PAPER: - VIII
GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY,
BIOINFORMATICS AND EMBRYOLOGY

UNIT:- I GENETICS – I

I.1 Modern concept of gene

I.2 Polyploidy in plants
I.3 Plant improvement
I.4 Pure line and mass selection
I.5 Hybridization in crops

UNIT:- II GENETICS – II

II.1 Multiple allelism

II.2 DNA constancy and C – value paradox
II.3 DNA replication and DNA methylation
II.4 Gene structure and function
II.5 DNA damage and repair

UNIT:- III MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

III.1 Restriction endonucleases

III.2 Cloning vectors
III.3 Southern and northern blot analysis
III.4 Various technique of gene mapping and DNA finger printing
III.5 DNA sequencing

UNIT:- IV BIOTECHNOLOGY

IV.1 Cellular differentiation and totipotency

IV.2 Somatic hybridization
IV.3 Genetic engineering of plants
IV.4 Agrobacterium – the natural genetic engineer
IV.5 Selectable markers and reporter genes

UNIT:- V BIOINFORMATICS AND EMBRYOLOGY

V.1 Introduction to bioinformatics

V.2 Data banks
V.3 Technique of alignment
V.4 The tools used in bioinformatics
V.5 Types of embryo sac
V.6 Fertilization, endosperm, embryo

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 BOTANY PAPER: - IX
ECOLOGY

UNIT:- I INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND AUTECOLOGY

I.1 Basic concept of ecology and ecological components

I.2 Biological clocks
I.3 Liebig’s law of the minimum; Shelford’s law of tolerance
I.4 Principle of limiting factors and ecological factors
I.5 Concept of ecological niche

UNIT:- II COMMUNITIES STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION

II.1 Characters of community

II.2 Characters used in community structures
II.3 Methods of ecological studies
II.4 Major Biomes of the world
II.5 Community organization

UNIT:- III ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION, POPULATOION AND

ECOSYSTEM

III.1 Plant succession: Causes, trends, types, process, examples of succession

III.2 Population characteristics
III.3 Population dynamics
III.4 Structure and function of ecosystem and its types
III.5 Ecological pyramids; productivity of ecosystems

UNIT:- IV PEDOLOGY AND POLLUTION

IV.1 Soil genesis and Soil properties

IV.2 Soil erosion and conservation
IV.3 Pollution or air, water and land
IV.4 Green house effect, ozone depletion, global warming
IV.5 Measures to control pollution

UNIT:- V ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENTS

V.1 Concept and sustainable development

V.2 Conservation of biodiversity
V.3 Environmental education and organization
V.4 Aforestation, social forestry and agro-forestry

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 V.5 Conservation through law

BOTANY PAPER: - X
INSTRUMENTATION, ADVANCE TECHNIQUYES IN BIOLOGY, FOREST
AND FORESTERY, MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL TECHNOLOGY

UNIT:- I INSTRUMENTATION

Principle, design, function and application of following instruments

I.1 Spectrophotometer
I.2 Autoclave
I.3 Incubator
I.4 Centrifuge
I.5 Oven

UNIT:- II ADVANCE TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY

II.1 TLC, HPLC, GLC

II.2 Electrophoresis
II.3 PCR
II.4 Western blot and southern blot technique
II.5 Tissue culture technique

UNIT:- III FOREST AND FORESTRY

III.1 Classification of Indian forests, National Forest Policy

III.2 Forms and growth of forest
III.3 Silviculture, Afforestation, Agro-forestry
III.4 Forest mensuration and protection
III.5 Major and minor forest products of India

UNIT:-IV MEDICINAL PLANTS

IV.1 Importance of medicinal plants

IV.2 Major medicinal plants of India
IV.3 Conservation strategies of medicinal plants
IV.4 present and future of medicinal plants

UNIT:- V HERBAL TECHNOLOGY

V.1 Ancient system of herbal medicines

V.2 Secondary metabolites and their importance
V.3 Extraction of medicinal plants
V.4 Traditional herbal medicine as a source of drugs

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V.5 Bio-diesel