The document discusses whether modern life is better than what our grandparents experienced. It notes that while today there are advantages like increased technology, leisure time, and women's rights, key things have been lost as well, such as strong family and community ties. Both sides of the issue are examined, recognizing that each generation faces different challenges and comparisons are difficult to make conclusively. In the end, the document concludes that whether one life was "better" is relative and complex with no single, valid comparison.
The document discusses whether modern life is better than what our grandparents experienced. It notes that while today there are advantages like increased technology, leisure time, and women's rights, key things have been lost as well, such as strong family and community ties. Both sides of the issue are examined, recognizing that each generation faces different challenges and comparisons are difficult to make conclusively. In the end, the document concludes that whether one life was "better" is relative and complex with no single, valid comparison.
The document discusses whether modern life is better than what our grandparents experienced. It notes that while today there are advantages like increased technology, leisure time, and women's rights, key things have been lost as well, such as strong family and community ties. Both sides of the issue are examined, recognizing that each generation faces different challenges and comparisons are difficult to make conclusively. In the end, the document concludes that whether one life was "better" is relative and complex with no single, valid comparison.
INTRO F strategy (Factual Statement) Not necessarily better Maybe more comfortable WHY? It is different HOW?
BODY
CONCLUSION GOOD ----------------------------------------Each generation---------------------------------- BAD || No valid comparison || Very relative
PRO Better life style more leisure time use of computer and digital technology advanced modes of transport more chances at higher education / online degrees more individual liberty for women NO lost family ties / values no human touch in communication uncaring society materialistic society apathy for the elderly
F Strategy -begins with an opinion
Opinion repeated
Note the use of idiomatic expressions
Logical connectors used to relate ideas SAMPLE ESSAY: WE HAVE A BETTER LIFE THAN OUR GRANDPARENTS I don't think we live a better life. We live a different life. We have more things. We have our cell phones and laptops, Twitter, and Facebook so that we can stay connected but yet we have no personnel connections. We have lost family values, sit down dinners, playing outside, and the list could go on and on. We don't talk to each other anymore. All we do is text. So no, I don't think life is better. The life led by our grandparents was just very different from the life we lead now. Looking at the upside of life today it does seem outwardly obvious that our generation is having a better life. Work today is not as exhausting for most as we do not toil all day in the fields, and many have leisure time that our grandparents could not have imagined. We now rely on electrical appliances and gadgets, switching on and off. No longer limited to the speed of horses, today's personal transportation makes miles pass in minutes. Many live a jet-set life. We have greater opportunities for higher education, and an ease of access to information that brick-and-mortar libraries could never have provided. Just look at the number of colleges and universities that have mushroomed over the recent years. To top that, we can even pursue online degrees from the comfort of our homes.
We also have a growing awareness of and appreciation for individual liberty and rights. Few of our grandmothers had a voice in the running of affairs outside of their home. Most women were property and not owners of property then. They and their children were the equivalent of livestock. Women today hold top posts in companies, even leaders of a few countries. Most women these days make their own choices on working or nurturing their children, or balancing both.
However, what they had that we do not have is the physical closeness of generations of family members, a community of concerned and caring citizens that, for the most part, worked together for the betterment of all and stood together when the hardships of life assaulted their people. Instead of forging a caring society, we have mostly become mindless money-hungry zombies. The care for the elderly is mostly left to hired caretakers or worse, the aged are dumped in homes to linger till death takes them to a better place. There is this newfound apathy for caring, be it for our aged parents, neighbours we do not even say hello to, or even towards our own children who are mostly left
Points on the upside of life today Better life style More leisure
Computer/digital technology Advanced modes of transport More chances at higher education
More individual liberty for women
Why life is not better? Lost family ties No human touch Uncaring society Materialistic Apathy
to nannies and baby sitters. Every generation has its ups and downs, it's good and bad. And I am just not sure you can actually make a valid comparison; it might be more like comparing which are better fruits, apples or oranges, or whether we have a better life here than someone in the UK or Indonesia, for instance. It's all relative. I think in some aspects we are better off today, whereas in other aspects we are in no way better or worse.
Conclusion No valid comparison Very relative Reiterates the opinion given in the intro
MIND-MAPPING HOMEWORK
Part and parcel of learning process Mixed reactions from parents Hated by students Enforced by schools
Work at school not sufficient Not enough time to consolidate skills learned Provides opportunities to better understanding Complements in-class discussions Indicates levels of understanding Teachers yardstick to measure student progress Occupies free time / no wastage on useless activities Practice makes perfect Helps develop and enhance skills Prepares students for exam Parents can keep track of childs progress - Checking on homework
Keeps students out of mischief
A necessity Vital element of learning Make attempts to enjoy & reap the benefits
INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION MIND-MAPPING HOMEWORK
Helps improve grades X diminishes interest in learning Curriculum requirement X takes up too much time Teaches self-discipline, responsibility X no time for play Instils good time-management Teaches life skills Gets parents involved Provides practice Instills good habits / attitudes |________________________________________________________________________| CONCLUSION
Definition: Teacher-assigned tasks Completed outside school hours An expected status quo Part & parcel of school life Provides vital feedback on teaching effectiveness Consolidates & enriches knowledge Trains creativity & resourcefulness Develops intelligence Reinforces skills Provides continual learning outside school
Begin with a definition
Note use of proverb To create counter argument
Logical connector
SAMPLE ESSAY: HOMEWORK Homework is defined as tasks assigned to students by school teachers that are meant to be carried out during non- school hours. Every school day brings something new, but there is one status quo most parents expect: homework. The old adage that practice makes perfect seems to make sense when it comes to schoolwork. But, while hunkering down after dinner amongst books and worksheets might seem like a natural part of childhood, there are more people now than ever suggesting that it shouldn't be so. Homework has been around for a very long time. Parents say that teachers require it; teachers say that parents demand more of it. Teachers assign homework to help some students improve their grade and pass the course for those of who do not do well on tests or standardized examinations. Schools require a certain amount of hours of homework to be assigned to each student. When students bring back work to be done at home, many controversies arise. Homework is all pain and no gain. Most students believe there is little reason to believe that homework is necessary in school. In fact, it may even diminish interest in learning and be directly responsible for total disinterest in learning. Most of my friends personally think that homework has occupied much of their leisure time, and leaves them hardly any extra time to enjoy life or other leisure pursuits. However, many would argue that life is filled with things we don't like to do, and that homework teaches self-discipline, time management and other nonacademic life skills. Homework can help students learn and can help parents be involved in their children's education. When parents show an interest in their child's schoolwork, they teach an important lesson--that learning is fun and worth the effort. Children who do more homework, on average, do better in
Yes!
Yes!
NO!
NO! NO!
YES!
YES!
school. And, as children move up through the grades, homework becomes even more important to school success. Teachers assign homework for many reasons. It can help children practice what they have learned in school; get ready for the next day's class; use resources, such as libraries and encyclopaedias; and learn things they don't have time to learn in school. Homework can also help children learn good habits and attitudes. It can teach children to work by themselves and encourage discipline and responsibility. In my opinion, homework is one of the important means of feedback for a teacher's teaching result. It can consolidate the knowledge that students have already studied, train students' creativity and resourcefulness, and develop students' intelligence. Taking time each night to do homework is a chance for students to catch up on missed class and further reinforces the day's lessons so it is permanently etched in the student's mind where the information is stored and used when called upon.
YES!
YES!
Conclude with justifications on why homework is necessary
MIND-MAPPING PLASTIC BAGS SHOULD BE BANNED INTRO The use of baskets before the 1960s 1960s onwards PLASTIC BAGS
BODY
Realised the harmful potential
Environmental not Full landfill sites Impact biodegradable Not reusable
Cannot decompose Plastic litter
Snagged on trees death trap disastrous Scattered on roads, parks to to wildlife endangered species
a move / shift
retailers charge for plastic bags recycle degradable bags paper bags/boxes/ wooden crates {________________________________________________________________________} CONCLUSION Reusable carrier bags baskets / cloth bags The best / only solution YES!!!! BAN PLASTIC BAGS WHY? cleaner hygienic waterproof light disposable
Begins with why we started using plastic bags
Introduces the reasons for concern
Talks about the reality / urgency of the problem
Threat to wildlife
SAMPLE ESSAY: PLASTIC BAGS SHOULD BE BANNED In the time of most of our great grandmothers, no- one ever used a plastic bag for carrying their shopping. People used baskets or cotton bags or paper bags. The development of thin plastics in the 1960s and 1970s led to our increasing dependence on putting everything in plastic, which seemed to offer several advantages. They were cleaner, more hygienic, waterproof, light and disposable. For years now, we have all taken plastic bags for granted and have thought very little about their environmental impact. But there are now signs that people are realising the harmful potential of plastic bags and they are becoming increasingly unpopular for several reasons, not least the environmental concerns over landfill sites. Older types of plastic bag are not biodegradable and they can persist in the environment for around 1000 years, which means that landfill sites become full and cannot be reused. Even some of the biodegradable bags take about 200 years to decompose. Choking our landscape with plastic is not a good way to take care of the planet for future generations. A short drive through any stretch of countryside and a quick glance at the trees and hedgerows will quickly draw your attention to the many torn plastic bags that litter our environment. Even a walk through parks or a stroll along the road will highlight the urgent need to stop using plastic. Once you start to become aware of them, you start to realise how bad the problem is. The very thinnest, cheapest bags become easily dislodged from rubbish in bins and blow easily in the wind and snag on branches and twigs. This looks unsightly but can also be dangerous to wildlife.
People dump rubbish by the shoreline and many plastic bags are blown into the sea. Once afloat, every plastic bag becomes a death trap to marine wildlife. Plastic bags pose a danger to any marine mammal, but if the species is endangered, the results of plastic pollution could be really disastrous. There are posters that pose this question: What do you get when you cross a turtle with a plastic bag? The answer is obviously a dead turtle!
The move / shift away from plastic bags
The best / only solution Very recently, there has been a move away from using plastic bags. Some retailers now charge for plastic bags, to discourage people from taking new ones each time. Major supermarkets recycle plastic bags and there are now more bag manufacturers that produce bags that degrade very quickly - some within only a few months. This may help but it would not save the life of a whale. Supermarkets now often offer their own branded reusable carrier bag, which is made to last and can be reused many times. However, to end our reliance on plastic bags completely, we must go back to the days of our great grandmothers. But would using baskets and cloth bags really be that bad? The time seems right to move on and finally ban the plastic bag completely. It is the best and only solution!
MIND-MAPPING LOVE "Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness." (P Strategy) A difficult question to answer Is it Friendship? Luck? Truth?
ties 2 or more people together builds trust / intimacy / interdependence enhances relationships focuses on the good
SAMPLE ESSAY: LOVE "Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness." So goes a famous saying. What is love? It is one of the most difficult questions for the mankind. Centuries have passed by, relationships have bloomed and so has love. But no one can give the proper definition of love. To some love is friendship set on fire for others maybe love is like luck. You have to go all the way to find it. No matter how you define it or feel it, love is the eternal truth in the history of mankind. Love is patient, love is kind. It has no envy, nor it boasts itself and it is never proud. It rejoices over the evil and is the truth seeker. Love protects; preserves and hopes for the positive aspect of life. Always stand steadfast in love, not fall into it. It is like the dream of your matter of affection coming true. Love can occur between two or more individuals. It bonds them and connects them in a unified link of trust, intimacy and interdependence. It enhances the relationship and comforts the soul. Love should be experienced and not just felt. The depth of love cannot be measured. Look at the relationship between a mother and a child. The mother loves the child unconditionally and it cannot be measured at all. Love can be created. You just need to focus on the goodness of the other person. If this can be done easily, then you can also love easily. And remember we all have some positive aspect in us, no matter how bad our deeds may be. Depending on context, love can be of different varieties. Romantic love is a deep, intense and unending. It shared on a very intimate and
Strengths of love interpersonal relationship. Familial love and religious love are also matter of great affection. It is more of desire, preference and feelings. The meaning of love will change with each different relationship. But at times the very existence of love is questioned. Some say it is false and meaningless. It says that it never exist, because there has been many instances of hatred and brutality in relationships. The history of our world has witnessed many such events. There has been hatred between brothers, parents and children, sibling rivalry and spouses have failed each other. Friends have betrayed each other; the son has killed his parents for the money, the count is endless. But love is not responsible for that. It is us, the people, who have forgotten the meaning of love. Be together, share your joy and sorrow, understand each other, provide space to each other, but always be there for each others needs. And surely love will blossom to strengthen your relationship with your matter of affection. Without love, we would live an empty life, a life without joy and the comfort of security and that would be very sad indeed.
MIND-MAPPING RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEM
Biological diversity Life resources for herbs & forest products
Animal/plant species Indigenous cultures
WHAT IS A RAINFOREST?
ITS IN DANGER! Life destroyed HOW? Depletion
Extinction Felling of trees
Destruction of Habitat Deforestation
Less rainfall soil erosion
SOLUTION T S Teach Support R E Restore Establish E Encourage
F Strategy SAMPLE ESSAY: FORESTS Rainforests are one of the most important ecosystems in the world, and their importance to the well being of our planet is an established scientific fact. Extraordinary in terms of their biological diversity, tropical rainforests are a major resource for medicinal plants and thousands of forest products. They are home to countless species and many unique indigenous cultures, and play a key role in the global ecosystem in regulating weather and producing significant amounts of the world's oxygen. The rainforest is a thick forest that is found in the tropical regions of the world such as Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, South America and many tropical regions in the world. This thick forest grows in hot and wet climatic conditions where it rains almost daily. Tropical rain forests have a characteristic structure that is made up of a number of vertical layers that reach up from the forest floor to the very tops of the tallest trees. The top is called the canopy. It comprises tall, huge trees of 120 feet and more. They block the sunshine and rain, thus forming a dark, damp area at the bottom. Below the canopy are a few layers of luxuriant growth that forms the dense jungle. The rainforest is an attraction to many people because it homes hundreds of different kinds of plants and animals. It is estimated that over 50 % of all life on earth is found in the rainforests. The number of species is staggering and may go as high as 50 million. In the Malaysian tropical rainforest itself more than 300 varieties of animals and plants are found. The Amazon rainforest is the biggest with most of the forest unexplored due to its density. Animals that live in the rainforest are wild and are protected from human disturbance. Some of the
Note use of vocab. particular to environmental issues occupants of the rainforest are gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, exotic birds such as parrots, toucans, hornbills and reptilians, amphibians and insects. However, in the name of development many rainforest trees have been felled thus leaving these animals homeless. There is no doubt that the tropical rainforests of the world are in danger. Every hour approximately six species of life in our tropical rainforests are destroyed. Experts agree that the number one cause of extinction in the tropical rainforest is due to the destruction of the tropical rainforest environment. Environmentalists, scientists, botanists, zoologists and the gatekeepers of nature are very concerned over the depletion of the rainforest. The felling of trees not only destroys the natural habitat for animals but it also results in us losing the valuable plants which are sources of medicine and food for us human. Deforestation also affects the pattern of rainfall as lesser trees mean there is less rainfall for us. It also leaves the earth exposed to rain and wind, thus taking away the soil to the rivers. The slit in the river causes flood and flash floods. The roots of the plants and trees in the rainforest trap water, forming water catchment areas for people. If there are problems in the world and with our environment, then there has to be solutions. The enormous benefit of rainforest must be advocated to people if we want to save the rainforest. More and more rainforest are being cleared because these rainforest are in the under-developed countries which are going through rapid economic development. This involves felling of trees. Therefore it is important to raise awareness among the people on the importance of rainforest if we want our future generations to enjoy the benefits of the forest. TREES is a concept that was originally developed for use in elementary school education but is an excellent slogan in the fight to save rain forests, and endangered ecosystems in general. Teach others about the importance of the environment and how they can help save rainforests. Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down. Encourage people to live in a way that doesn't hurt the environment. Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife. Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment.
D Strategy Starts with a dialogue SAMPLE ESSAY: A TRIP I ENJOYED Hey baby girl, how would you feel about a trip to India after your SPM examinations? asked my father. Imagine my excitement and joy. I could not sit still and neither could I sleep without dreams of meeting a Bollywood hero, doing a Jai Ho dance number, and flying off into the air kicking a crook or villain down. Thus, I eagerly passed each day of the exam, waiting for the day. This would be my first overseas trip. Father had booked us on a package tour of North India. Our flight landed in Delhi where our tour guide met us. He booked us into a hotel and said we would be joining the other 10 people on a package tour. He told us to be ready by 5.00 a.m. as our journey to Agra would be three hours. So the next morning, we woke in the wee hours of the morning and got ready. On the tour, we met people of other nationalities. The bus then set off to Agra. What is in Agra? I asked my father, Theres a monument, he said. I didnt ask him further as I was rather sleepy and fell asleep minutes later. Suddenly I felt my mother nudging me Wake up, we are almost there. Where? I mumbled, half asleep. Agra. It was around 8.30 a.m. and I could see the locals, already
starting their day. The bus drove into Agra. Buildings of sandy pink and forts of crimson pink surrounded the city. This is the pink city, the tour guide announced. These buildings were built three hundred years ago. After half an hour the bus pulled side near a village which looked like a squatter area. What could be here? I thought to myself. The tour guide then told us that we were about to see one of the wonders of the world. As he let us into the heavily guarded gate, I stood in awe looking at the white monument of Taj Mahal. It was as if I was looking at a picture on a screen or a photograph but no, I was standing on the ground of the monuments itself as it stood tall and mighty. My eyes were glued to the Taj Mahal, and my jaw dropped in sheer wonder. The magnificent white marble mausoleum was about a kilometre away from where I stood. The long pathway was graced with fountains, flowers, statues and plants. People seemed to be trailing mesmerized towards the building. The moment I reached the magnificent monument, I gently touched the cold marble pillar, feeling it with my bare fingers. The tour guide was rattling the details of the buildings. According to the tour guide, the monument was built by Shah Jahan for his beloved wife Mumtaz. We then admired the intricate architecture, the artistic carvings on the marble wall, the fabulous designs and motifs that adorned the walls. The mirrors that were embedded in the walls reflected and enlarged the designs, thus accentuating the tiny works of art that the naked eye could not see. I searched for my camera but realised that it was taken by the guards as a precautionary measure. So I could only record the magnificent building in my memory. We went on to visit many other wondrous monuments and palaces in North India which now mainly serve as museums and even governmental offices. Mom and I enjoyed the shopping at the road side bazaars where we got to buy exquisite sari materials, shawls and handloom bed linen. In Mumbai we got a guided tour of the Filmistan Studio, where I took some photographs with a few heart throbs like Vivek Oberoi, Ranbir Kapoor and my hero, Imran Khan. My father had a gala time taking pictures with the female film stars, much to the discomfort of my mother. Looking at the pictures, you can see a permanent scowl on her face whereas father is beaming like a beacon. The trip was truly awesome and I enjoyed every minute of it. However, it was the trip to the Taj Mahal that proved most memorable. Whether it truly is a symbol of love or more of a kings vanity, it is a magnificent monument to human ingenuity and imagination.
SAMPLE ESSAY: MY FAVOURITE BOOK It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived. These lines are from my all time favourite book To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee. As a girl myself, I have come to share Scouts growing respect for her father. I share a similar bond with my father. My father remains the bravest soul I have ever known. In fact it was my father who gave me this book as a birthday gift when I was twelve and I reread this book every year as a tribute to my father who tragically passed away a week before my fifteenth birthday. The novel revolves around a young girl named Jean Louise Finch who goes by the nicknamed "Scout". Scout experiences different events in her life that dramatically change her life. Scout and her brother Jem are raised by their father, a lawyer named Atticus. The children become fascinated with a man named "Boo" Radley, a man who has not been seen outside of his home in years, mainly because of his suppressed upbringing. They have an impression of Mr. Radley as being this large ugly and evil man. Scout's father becomes a defense attorney for a black man, Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of a crime against a white woman. During this trial she gets teased by friends because her father was helping this black man. Scout starts to see the racism that exists. Even though Mr. Robinson's innocence was clear even in the eyes of kids, Mr. Robinson was still found guilty. Later in an attempt to escape, Mr. Robinson is shot dead. Scout is extremely disappointed at the verdict and even more at the death of Mr. Robinson. With all the negative points that can be found in the story in respect to prejudice, there was a bright spot when it came to the prejudice issue. This ray of light came in the form of Scout's father Atticus. Atticus represented hope. Hope that good people still exist. Even in a society filled with hate. Atticus represented the hope that one day things can change, Change we can believe in. I suppose that hope has come true, at least in America where a black man is president of the nation. My father would have jumped in joy. Father was very much like Atticus. He always told me never to choose friends based on colour, race, creed or status. At his funeral people from all walks of life paid tribute to a man I sadly got to know better after he was gone.
I did watch the movie version with my father. The actor who played Atticus, Gregory Peck was my fathers favourite movie star. I believe we watched the movie at least four times. It was a VCD and although it cannot be played now, I still keep it beside the book, a shrine to the best values a father could instil in his daughter.
Every word in this book is a gentle whisper of my fathers voice. When I hold the aged book onto my face, I still get whiffs of my fathers Old Spice aftershave. Therefore, rereading it every year is in honour of his legacy. As my father firmly believed, I too advocate this book as compulsory reading for all fathers and daughters. If only people saw this world with the eyes of a child who is accepting of all diversities and differences that make us people of the world, we would be better off.
MIND MAPPING WHY I LOVE MY COUNTRY To know Malaysia is to love Malaysia.
huge variety affordable Food roads / highways world-class banking low cost of living Infrastructure harmony tolerance festivals holidays unity in diversity Culture SAMPLE ESSAY: WHY I LOVE MY COUNTRY To know Malaysia is to love Malaysia. This is the first line of a song made popular by a Malaysian icon, Sudirman Haji Arshad. What is there that is not to love about my country Malaysia? Having been to a few other countries on holiday trips with my family, I can pride myself on being Malaysia. This country is the best place to live in. This is a country where people from varied walks of life get together paying no heed to ethnicity or religion when it comes to cheering for the national football team, or supporting a charity drive. First of all is the food. Tell me, which Malaysian doesn't crave for food all the time? Malaysia offers a huge variety of food, from our local cuisine to Western cuisine. We have it all. I like going to my favourite mamak stall after school with my friends, hanging out there eating a plate of fried noodles and sipping a glass of teh tarik. Every year without fail, my family and I will make our way to Penang to enjoy food. We always frequent the cendol stall on Penang Road. On Sunday mornings, my father would usually buy nasi lemak or yam cake from our nearby market. Heaven I tell you, heaven. Malaysian cuisine is simply delicious yet so affordable, burning no holes into your pockets. Besides that, I also love travelling around Malaysia. I have been on road trips to places like Sekinchan and Ulu Yam and also to other states like Penang, Perak, Kedah, Pahang and Terengganu. I also have been to Sabah twice. Although all we see is plenty of oil palm and rubber plantations during road trips, I do enjoy them. I feel very lucky compared to other people who haven't been to such places. The roads and highways are wonderful. The world-class banking system offers all sorts of perks and services internet banking, cash deposit machines, debit cards, Islamic financing, among a few. The ports are efficient it only takes 2 to 3 days to clear a container in Port Klang.
True, theres still some red tape in Malaysian government offices, but the Immigration Department can issue a passport within just an hour. Hows that for efficiency? Despite a few grouses or two, things still get done most of the time in Malaysiayet the cost of living remains relatively low. Singapore, for instance, may have a superior public transport system, but I wince at the cost of living there. Everything works like Swiss clockwork in Europe but its too expensive. Thus, for me, Malaysia is the place to live in, invest in and do business in. Malaysia has cultural and religious harmony. Yes, it sounds so trite by now, after reading and hearing about it all the time. But its not just hype. Its the reality. Three cultures, Malay, Chinese, and Indian live and co-exist under one nationality: Malaysian. The result is a more tolerant society. All types of glorious food from the Malay nasi lemak to the Indian roti canai to the Chinese char kway teow. National holidays cover everything from Chinese New Year to Eid ul Fitr to Thaipusam to Christmas Day. Chinese customers maintain Islamic bank accounts, a Malay nasyid group performs an Islamic song in Mandarin, Indian and Chinese ladies wearing baju kurung to the office. Its amazing. Its refreshing. Its something that most Malaysians may have taken for granted but that is why I just adore this nation I call home.