Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4. Business advertisements:
(1) Mere invitations to make an offer:
(2) Advertisements for bidders:
5. Incapacitated persons to give consent to a contract: (Art 1491,
NCC; Art 87, FC; Art 37-38, NCC)
(1) Minors; exceptions: (Bambalan vs. Maramba, 51 P 417,
Mercado, et al. vs. Espiritu, 37 P 215; Braganza vs. de
Ville Abrille, 105 P 456)
(2) Insane persons and deaf-mutes who do not know how
to write:
(3) Drunk or under hypnotic spell:
6. Vice of Consent: (Hernandez vs. Hernandez, March 9, 2011)
(1) Mistake: (Gomez vs. Linton, 45 P 653; Atilano vs.
Atilano, 28 P 231; Teran vs. Villanueva, 56 P 677)
a. Illiterates: (Tan vs Mandap 429 S 712; Dela Cruz
vs. Dela Cruz 419 S 648)
b. Adhesion: (Calilap-Asmeron vs. DBP, November
23, 2011)
(2) Violence:
(3) Intimidation:
(4) Undue influence: (Martinez vs. HSBC, 15 P 252, Baez
vs. CA, 59 S 15; Vales vs. Villa, 35 P 769)
(5) Fraud: (Strong vs. Gutierrez, 6 P 680; Woodhouse vs.
Halili 93 P 526; Cacho vs. Bonifacio 476 S 869; Araneta
vs. De Paterno 91 P 786; Tuason vs. Marquez, 45 P
381; Songco vs. Sellner, 37 P 254; Azarraga vs. Gay
52 P 599)
7. Usual exaggerations in trade:
8. Mere expression of an opinion: (Songco vs. Sellner, 37 P 254)
9. Misrepresentation:
(1) By a third person: (Hill vs. Veloso, 31 P 160)
(2) In good faith: (Asiasin vs. Jalandoni, 45 P 296)
Presumption: (Raet vs. CA, 295 S 677; PBC vs. Lui She, 21
S 52; Saquid vs. Security Finance Inc., 477 S 256)
Kinds:
Cause vs. Motive: (Liguez vs. CA, 102 P 577; Gonzales vs.
Trinidad, 67 P 682)
Legality: (Velez vs. Ramas, 40 P 787, Liam Law vs. Olympic
Sawmill, 129 S 449)
Lesion: (Art 1381, NCC)
Form
1. Forms
a. No Form: (Tan vs. Lum, 296 S 455; San Lorenzo Devt
Corp. vs. CA, 449 S 99)
b. Exception: (Art 748, 749, 1581, 1874, 2134, 1956, 1773,
1403(2))
c. Prescriptibility: (Vda de Espiritu vs. CFI of Canta, 47 S
354)
2. Form for Convenience: (Shaffer vs. Palma, 131 P 22; Hawaiian
Phil. Co. vs. Hernaez, 45 P 746; Dauden vs. delos Angeles,
137 P 900)
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