Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HIDROLOGA GENERAL
1. Describa las Ecuaciones de los mtodos para determinar la
precipitacin pluvial media de una cuenca
Existen diferentes mtodos:
1. La media aritmtica.Es el ms simple para determinar la lluvia promedio sobre un rea y
para tal efecto se promedian las alturas de precipitacin que se registran
en un nmero dado de pluvimetros.
Este mtodo es satisfactorio si los pluvimetros se distribuyen de forma
adecuada sobre el rea y sus mediciones individuales no varan de
manera considerable en relacin con la media aritmtica.
La expresin que permite estimar el valor de la precipitacin media
sobre una superficie es:
La expresin que permite estimar el valor de la precipitacin media sobre
una superficie es:
Pm=
Pi
n
Donde:
ph es la precipitacin media, en mm;
pi h es la i-sima altura de precipitacin medida en la estacin i, en mm;
y n es el nmero de estaciones de medicin.
2. Polgonos de Thiessen:
Donde:
hp: es la precipitacin media, en mm;
Ac es el valor de rea de la cuenca, en km2;
h es la i-sima altura de precipitacin medida en la estacin i, en mm;
A es el rea de influencia de la estacin i, definida a partir de los polgonos
de Thiessen, en km2; y n es el nmero de estaciones de medicin.
El rea de influencia de cada estacin ( i A ), se define al construir
tringulos en cuyos vrtices estarn localizadas las tres estaciones ms
cercanas entre si. A continuacin, se trazan lneas rectas que bisecan los
lados
de
los
tringulos
por
geometra
elemental,
las
lneas
Donde:
con el mecanismo
que origina
la lluvia se puede
tormentas y ciclones
Precipitacin convectiva
de gran intensidad.
Mtodos para la medicin:
1.
Pluvimetros
Pluvigrafos
Balance de energa
FORMULA DE HARGREAVES
Donde:
Eto: evaporacin de cultivo de referencia opotencial
Mf: factor mensual de latitud
TMF: Temperatura media mensual
CE: Correccion por altitud
Pm = 2313.75 mm
320000 km2
PRECIPITACIN
(mm)
REA
%REA
P*A
2090
A1
19
60800
127072000
2150
A2
12
38400
82560000
2400
A3
14
44800
107520000
2250
A4
16
51200
115200000
2380
A5
16000
38080000
2350
A6
28800
67680000
2180
A7
10
32000
69760000
2710
A8
15
48000
130080000
100
320000
737952000
18510
Pm= 2306.1 mm
% REA
ISOYETAS (mm)
ENTRE
(P1+P2)/2
A*(P1+P2)/2
CURVAS
2000
2100
9.4
2050
19270
2100
2200
10.4
2150
22360
2200
2300
15.3
2250
34425
2300
2400
14.4
2350
33840
2400
2500
13.1
2450
32095
2500
2600
10.4
2550
26520
2600
2700
12.8
2650
33920
2700
2800
14.2
2750
39050
100
Pm=2414.8 mm
241480
el
valor
central,
rango,
desviacin
estndar
AO
ENE
FEB
MAR
ABR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AGO
SET
OCT
NOV
DIC
1991
179.75
153.87
63.48
7.36
0.00
2.42
3.91
3.57
38.64
1.61
7.82
64.98
1992
145.25
190.44
175.03
17.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.35
87.86
87.86
1993
115.35
294.29
98.90
36.69
13.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.11
34.39
31.17
1994
142.14
177.56
254.84
20.47
20.70
6.90
3.45
0.00
5.75
24.50
26.22
185.04
1995
131.22
127.00
251.00
1.38
1.96
0.00
0.00
0.46
2.53
0.00
12.88
16.10
1996
140.76
189.41
172.50
4.03
0.00
31.17
0.00
0.00
10.01
6.67
35.88
111.55
1997
94.65
167.33
141.68
6.10
7.25
0.00
2.88
3.11
15.87
27.83
11.16
28.64
1998
73.60
151.69
117.99
28.87
9.09
1.15
0.00
0.00
5.75
6.79
78.20
245.53
1999
222.41
176.00
259.44
12.42
0.00
0.69
0.00
7.02
27.72
34.39
119.03
60.84
2000
175.26
175.15
104.77
63.37
32.20
0.92
0.00
28.52
20.36
7.25
41.53
188.26
PROM
142.04
180.27
163.96
19.79
8.43
4.33
1.02
4.27
12.66
13.25
45.50
102.00
Valor
697.53
MIN =
506.50
Rango =
413.46
CV=
20.899
D.S =
145.774
50%
794.707
68%
600.343
843.299
central
551.751
95%
989.072
405.978
MAX =
919.96
TOTA
L
527.
41
714.
04
637.
01
867.
57
544.
53
701.
98
506.
50
718.
66
919.
96
837.
59
697.
53
ESTACION A
X
(media)
854.839
DSy
97.3671942
ESTACION B
X(media)
820.623
DSx
187.662225
formula
AO
X-x
Y-y
(x-x)(y-Y)
1990
621
756.59
-199.623
-98.249
19612.768
1991
699.66
866.3
-120.963
11.461
-1386.317
1992
1100.21
1009.13
279.588
154.291
43137.755
1993
307.3
633.42
-513.323
-221.419
113659.501
1994
820.76
0.137
-854.839
-117.540
1995
793.85
772.11
-26.773
-82.729
2214.870
1996
1009.13
839.39
188.508
-15.449
-2912.306
1997
856.98
797.99
36.357
-56.849
-2066.898
1998
1044.32
865.26
223.698
10.421
2331.088
1999
837.32
936.68
16.697
81.841
1366.535
2000
747.27
878.72
-73.353
23.881
-1751.710
2001
907.7
87.077
-854.839
-74437.268
2002
784.53
861.12
-36.093
6.281
-226.687
2003
990.5
989.46
169.878
134.621
22869.030
2004
821.79
922.19
1.167
67.351
78.632
2005
787.64
839.39
-32.983
-15.449
509.556
SUMA
122881
r = 0.4483
Ahora se relacionara con la estacin C
Y
ESTACION A
854.839
DSy
97.3671942
ESTACION C
912.349
DSx
133.67348
AO
X-x
Y-y
(x-x)(y-Y)
1990
777.29
756.59
-135.059
-98.249
13269.5
1991
836.28
866.3
-76.069
11.461
-871.81
1992
1317.56
1009.13
405.211
154.291
62520.2
1993
907.7
633.42
-4.649
-221.419
1029.46
1994
850.69
-61.659
-854.839
52708.9
1995
920.12
772.11
7.771
-82.729
-642.86
1996
1102.28
839.39
189.931
-15.449
-2934.3
1997
876.65
797.99
-35.699
-56.849
2029.48
1998
790.74
865.26
-121.609
10.421
-1267.3
1999
847.67
936.68
-64.679
81.841
-5293.4
2000
920.12
878.72
7.771
23.881
185.568
2001
871.45
-40.899
-854.839
34962.4
2002
877.68
861.12
-34.669
6.281
-217.75
2003
904.59
989.46
-7.759
134.621
-1044.6
2004
808.34
922.19
-104.009
67.351
-7005.1
2005
988.43
839.39
76.081
-15.449
-1175.4
SUMA
146253
0.74913
Reemplazando y desarrollando
X=850.69
821.194
X=871.45
849.137
HORA
INTERVALO
DE
TIEMPO
TEMPO
(min)
ACUMULADO(min)
4
120
6
120
8
120
10
120
12
60
13
60
14
60
15
60
16
60
17
120
240
360
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
LLUVIA
LLUVIA
PARCIAL
ACUMULADA(mm)
(mm)
4
6
5
1
8
5
5
8
5
INTENSIDAD
(mm/h)
10
15
2.5
16
0.5
24
29
34
42
47
55
60
18
240
22
120
24
120
8
1080
13
1200
1320
68
3.25
73
2.5
76
1.5
b.)Intensidades mximas:
I mxima: Para 10 30 60 = 8mm/hr
I mxima: Para 90=
I= 7mm/hr
I mxima: Para 120=
I=
I= 60*5
120
60*8
120
I=6.5 mm/hr
I mxima: Para 240= I= 60*5
240
I= 6.5 mm/hr
10
DURACION
30
60
120 P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
DOND
E
Y= Ln(i)
113
110
105
103
102
100
98
92
91
90
89
85
84
81
80
75
70
66
62
A0 = Ln(K)
77
60
59
52
52
50
49
47
46
45
43
41
40
39
38
36
29
29
28
X1 = Ln
(Tr)
A1 = m
48
36
34
29
28
27
26
24
23
21
20
20
19
18
17
16
15
15
14
37
29
28
24
23
22
22
21
20
18
17
16
14
12
11
10
10
9
8
RETORNO
20.000
10.000
6.667
5.000
4.000
3.333
2.857
2.500
2.222
2.000
1.818
1.667
1.538
1.429
1.333
1.250
1.176
1.111
1.053
X2 = Ln
(d)
A2 = -n
Ao
A1
A2
5.744
0.347
-0.69
Ao=LN(K)
A1=m
A2=-n
K=312.11
0.347
0.69
PARTIR
DE
LA
TABLA
DE
DESARROLLO,
APLICANDO
LAS
N A0
+ A1
A0
+ A2
+ A1
) + A2
)(X2)
SUMATORIA DE (Y) = 269.734, N= 76, SUMATORIA DE (X1)= 70.316,
SUMATORIA DE (X2) = 277.127, SUMATORIA DE (X1)2 = 112.003,
SUMATORIA DEL PRODUCTO (X1.Y) =265.859, SUMATORIA DE (X2) 2 = 1074.522,
SUMATORIA DEL PRODUCTO (X2.Y) = 939.402,
SUMATORIA DEL PRODUCTO (X1.X2) = 256.401
Entonces reemplazando los valores de Y, X1 Y X2
Ao
A1
A2
5.744
0.347
-0.69
Ao=LN(K)
A1=m
A2=-n
K=312.11
0.347
0.69
Orden de
Datos
n segn
ordenado
Tr
s descen
Y=Lni
X1=LnT
r
X2=Lnd
(X1)2
(X2)2
X1*X2
X1*Y
X2*Y
20.000
113
4.727
2.996
2.303
8.974
5.302
6.898
14.162
10.885
10.000
110
4.700
2.303
2.303
5.302
5.302
5.302
10.823
10.823
6.667
105
4.654
1.897
2.303
3.599
5.302
4.368
8.829
10.716
5.000
103
4.635
1.609
2.303
2.590
5.302
3.706
7.459
10.672
4.000
102
4.625
1.386
2.303
1.922
5.302
3.192
6.412
10.649
3.333
100
4.605
1.204
2.303
1.450
5.302
2.772
5.544
10.604
2.857
98
4.585
1.050
2.303
1.102
5.302
2.417
4.813
10.557
2.500
92
4.522
0.916
2.303
0.840
5.302
2.110
4.143
10.412
2.222
91
4.511
0.799
2.303
0.638
5.302
1.839
3.602
10.387
10
10
2.000
90
4.500
0.693
2.303
0.480
5.302
1.596
3.119
10.361
11
11
1.818
89
4.489
0.598
2.303
0.357
5.302
1.377
2.683
10.335
12
12
1.667
85
4.443
0.511
2.303
0.261
5.302
1.176
2.269
10.230
13
13
1.538
84
4.431
0.431
2.303
0.186
5.302
0.992
1.909
10.202
14
14
1.429
81
4.394
0.357
2.303
0.127
5.302
0.821
1.567
10.119
15
15
1.333
80
4.382
0.288
2.303
0.083
5.302
0.662
1.261
10.090
16
16
1.250
75
4.317
0.223
2.303
0.050
5.302
0.514
0.963
9.941
17
17
1.176
70
4.248
0.163
2.303
0.026
5.302
0.374
0.690
9.783
18
18
1.111
66
4.190
0.105
2.303
0.011
5.302
0.243
0.441
9.647
19
19
1.053
62
4.127
0.051
2.303
0.003
5.302
0.118
0.212
9.503
20
20.000
77
4.344
2.996
3.401
8.974
11.568
10.189
13.013
14.774
21
10.000
60
4.094
2.303
3.401
5.302
11.568
7.832
9.428
13.926
22
6.667
59
4.078
1.897
3.401
3.599
11.568
6.452
7.736
13.869
23
5.000
52
3.951
1.609
3.401
2.590
11.568
5.474
6.359
13.439
24
4.000
52
3.951
1.386
3.401
1.922
11.568
4.715
5.478
13.439
25
3.333
50
3.912
1.204
3.401
1.450
11.568
4.095
4.710
13.306
26
2.857
49
3.892
1.050
3.401
1.102
11.568
3.571
4.086
13.237
27
2.500
47
3.850
0.916
3.401
0.840
28
2.222
46
3.829
0.799
3.401
0.638
11.568
3.116
3.528
13.095
11.568
2.716
3.057
13.022
29
10
2.000
45
3.807
0.693
3.401
0.480
11.568
2.358
2.639
12.947
30
11
1.818
43
3.761
0.598
3.401
0.357
11.568
2.033
2.249
12.793
31
12
1.667
41
3.714
0.511
3.401
0.261
11.568
1.737
1.897
12.631
32
13
1.538
40
33
14
1.429
39
3.689
0.431
3.401
0.186
11.568
1.465
1.589
12.547
3.664
0.357
3.401
0.127
11.568
1.213
1.307
12.460
34
15
1.333
38
3.638
0.288
3.401
0.083
11.568
0.978
1.046
12.372
35
16
1.250
36
3.584
0.223
3.401
0.050
11.568
0.759
0.800
12.188
36
17
1.176
29
3.367
0.163
3.401
0.026
11.568
0.553
0.547
11.453
37
38
18
1.111
29
3.367
0.105
3.401
0.011
11.568
0.358
0.355
11.453
19
1.053
28
3.332
0.051
3.401
0.003
11.568
0.174
0.171
11.333
39
20.000
48
3.871
2.996
4.094
8.974
16.764
12.266
11.597
15.850
40
10.000
36
3.584
2.303
4.094
5.302
16.764
9.428
8.251
14.672
41
6.667
34
3.526
1.897
4.094
3.599
16.764
7.767
6.690
14.438
42
5.000
29
3.367
1.609
4.094
2.590
16.764
6.590
5.419
13.787
43
4.000
28
3.332
1.386
4.094
1.922
16.764
5.676
4.619
13.643
44
3.333
27
3.296
1.204
4.094
1.450
16.764
4.929
3.968
13.494
45
2.857
26
3.258
1.050
4.094
1.102
16.764
4.298
3.420
13.340
46
2.500
24
3.178
0.916
4.094
0.840
16.764
3.752
2.912
13.012
47
2.222
23
3.135
0.799
4.094
0.638
16.764
3.269
2.504
12.838
48
10
2.000
21
3.045
0.693
4.094
0.480
16.764
2.838
2.110
12.465
49
11
1.818
20
2.996
0.598
4.094
0.357
16.764
2.448
1.791
12.266
50
12
1.667
20
2.996
0.511
4.094
0.261
16.764
2.091
1.530
12.266
51
13
1.538
19
2.944
0.431
4.094
0.186
16.764
1.764
1.268
12.056
52
14
1.429
18
2.890
0.357
4.094
0.127
16.764
1.460
1.031
11.834
53
15
1.333
17
2.833
0.288
4.094
0.083
16.764
1.178
0.815
11.600
54
16
1.250
16
2.773
0.223
4.094
0.050
16.764
0.914
0.619
11.352
55
17
1.176
15
2.708
0.163
4.094
0.026
16.764
0.665
0.440
56
57
18
1.111
15
19
1.053
14
58
20.000
59
60
2.708
0.105
4.094
0.011
16.764
0.431
0.285
11.088
2.639
0.051
4.094
0.003
16.764
0.210
0.135
10.805
37
3.611
2.996
4.787
8.974
22.920
14.342
10.817
17.287
10.000
29
3.367
2.303
4.787
5.302
22.920
11.024
7.753
16.121
6.667
28
3.332
1.897
4.787
3.599
22.920
9.082
6.322
15.953
61
5.000
24
3.178
1.609
4.787
2.590
22.920
7.705
5.115
15.215
62
4.000
23
3.135
1.386
4.787
1.922
22.920
6.637
4.347
15.011
63
3.333
22
3.091
1.204
4.787
1.450
22.920
5.764
3.722
14.798
64
2.857
22
3.091
1.050
4.787
1.102
22.920
5.026
3.245
14.798
65
2.500
21
3.045
0.916
4.787
0.840
22.920
4.387
2.790
14.576
66
2.222
20
2.996
0.799
4.787
0.638
22.920
3.823
2.392
14.342
67
10
2.000
18
2.890
0.693
4.787
0.480
22.920
3.318
2.003
13.838
68
11
1.818
17
2.833
0.598
4.787
0.357
22.920
2.862
1.694
13.564
69
12
1.667
16
2.773
0.511
4.787
0.261
22.920
2.446
1.416
13.274
70
13
1.538
14
2.639
0.431
4.787
0.186
22.920
2.062
1.137
12.634
71
14
1.429
12
2.485
0.357
4.787
0.127
22.920
1.708
0.886
11.896
72
15
1.333
11
2.398
0.288
4.787
0.083
22.920
1.377
0.690
11.480
73
16
1.250
10
2.303
0.223
4.787
0.050
22.920
1.068
0.514
11.024
74
17
1.176
10
2.303
0.163
4.787
0.026
22.920
0.778
0.374
11.024
75
18
1.111
2.197
0.105
4.787
0.011
22.920
0.504
0.232
10.519
76
19
1.053
Total=76
11.088
2.079
0.051
4.787
0.003
22.920
0.246
0.107
9.955
269.734
70.316
277.127
112.003
1074.522
256.401
265.859
939.402
DURACIN
5
10
15
20
30
45
60
90
120
20
290.908
180.320
136.314
111.772
84.495
63.875
52.375
39.593
32.465
T100
T50
T30
T20
PERIODO DE
30
334.857
207.562
156.908
128.658
97.260
73.524
60.287
45.574
37.369
RETORNO
50
399.798
247.816
187.338
153.610
116.122
87.784
71.979
54.413
44.616
100
508.508
315.201
238.278
195.378
147.698
111.653
91.551
69.209
56.748