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Proceedings of the 2 International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF CIVIL
17 19, JulyENGINEERING
2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

IJCIET

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print)


ISSN 0976 6316(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 79-84
IAEME: www.iaeme.com/Ijciet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.9290 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com

IAEME

COLOR REMOVAL FROM TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING CuO NANOPARTICLE COATED ON SAND, CINDER AND GAC
1
1

B M Krishna,

B M Nagabhushana,

Anitha S,

Sahana M

Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, SJCE, Mysore, Karnataka, India


2
Professor, Department of Chemistry, M S R I T, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3
M.Tech., Department of Environmental Engineering, SJCE, Mysore, Karnataka, India
4
B.E., Department of Environmental Engineering, SJCE, Mysore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
In this research, batch adsorption studies were carried out using CuO nano-particles coated on
the surface of different adsorbents like graded sand, cinder and granular activated carbon (GAC) by
Low temperature pyrolysis (LTP) method for color removal from textile wastewater. Uncoated and
CuO coated adsorbent doses were varied from 1 40 g/L with stirring time of 20 min and stirring
speed of 400 rpm. Results showed that CuO coated adsorbents showed increase in the color removal
efficiency than uncoated adsorbents and LTP method was seen to be more successful on GAC than
cinder and sand.
Keywords: Cinder, Copper Oxide, GAC, Graded Sand, Textile Wastewater.
1. INTRODUCTION
Many industries use dyes to color their products such as textile manufacturing, leather
tanning, cosmetics, paper, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries and also consume
substantial volumes of water. The presence of small amounts of dyes in water is highly visible and
undesirable. Adsorption techniques have proved to be an effective and attractive process for removal
of non-biodegradable pollutants (including dyes) from wastewater [1]. The annual production of
synthetic dyes and dying stuffs are generally exceeding 700,000 tones. Generally, more than 100,000
commercial dyes are produced every year for the sake of industrial applications [2]. About 250% of
the dyestuffs quantity is released into the ecosystem as generated industrial wastewater due to
various applications of basic and reactive dyes. However, this subject represents a major
environmental problem due to environmental impact on the quality of water.

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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Reactive dyes are used in the textile industry as the largest group of dying materials for
cellulose and cotton fibers. These are characterized by high water solubility, non-biodegradability
and low adsorption ability onto the biomass. Reactive dyes are known for their low degree of
fixation on the textile surface and thus the generated industrial wastewaters are highly colored in
nature [3].
Metal oxide (MO) nano-particles have been attracting much attention not only for
fundamental scientific research, but also for various practical applications because of their unique
physical and chemical properties. These physical and chemical properties are strongly dependent on
the sizes, shapes, compositions, and structures of the nano-particles. CuO nano-structures with large
surface areas and potential size effects possess superior physical and chemical properties that
remarkably differ from those of their micro or bulk counterparts [4]. Recent studies have
demonstrated that nanoscale CuO can be used to prepare various organicinorganic nanocomposites
with high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, hightemperature durability [5]. The nanoscale CuO is an effective catalyst for CO and NO oxidation as
well as in the oxidation of volatile organic chemicals such as methanol. CuO nanostructures are also
extensively used in various other applications, including gas sensors, bio-sensors, nanofluid,
photodetectors, energetic materials (EMs), field emissions, supercapacitors, removal of inorganic
pollutants, photocatalysis and magnetic storage media. The superhydrophobic properties of CuO
nanostructures render these materials as promising candidates in self-cleaning coatings (antibiofouling), surface protection, textiles, water movement, microfluidics, and oilwater separation.
Compared with other MO nanostructures, such as TiO2, ZnO, WO, and SnO2, CuO nanostructures
have more interesting magnetic and super hydrophobic properties [6].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Raw textile wastewater samples were collected from KSIC, Mysore. Table 1 shows physicochemical parameters of raw textile wastewater characterized as per standard methods.
Table 1: Characteristics of Textile wastewater
Parameter
Value
COD
2616 mg/L
Nitrate
159.8 mg/L
Phosphate
253.3 mg/L
Sulphate
205.4 mg/L
pH
5.44
Conductivity
2701 s/cm
Total Hardness
120 mg/L
Calcium Hardness
80 mg/L
Magnesium Hardness
40 mg/L
Cupric nitrate trihydrate was used as coating material on graded sand, cinder and industrial
grade granular activated carbon (GAC) by Low temperature pyrolysis (LTP) method. Cupric nitrate
trihydrate was weighed and dissolved in distilled water on a petridish to which weighed amount of
sand, cinder and GAC were added separately. The dish was kept in a muffle furnace preset to the
temperature of 200C for approximately 2 hours. After pyrolysis the coated material was washed
with water and weighed to know the amount of material coated.
Batch experiments were carried out in the laboratory for uncoated and coated sand, cinder
and GAC for different adsorbent dose. 50 mL of real wastewater was contacted with different
dosages of adsorbent in conical flasks of 100 mL capacity. The conical flask containing real
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India

wastewater and adsorbent was agitated at 400 rpm using a magnetic stirrer for a pre-optimized
contact time of 20 mins. After each experiment, the samples were centrifuged and analyzed for
absorbance using spectrophotometer in wavelength range of 190 800 nm, the percentage color
removal was then calculated.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 3.1 shows raw cinder and CuO coated cinder of size 1.18 0.6 mm. Fig. 3.2 shows
percentage color removal as a function of adsorbent dose (CuO coated Cinder 1.18 - 0.6 mm).

Fig.3.1: Uncoated and CuO coated cinder

Fig.3.2: Color removal by cinder (1.18 0.6mm) before and after coating with CuO
The adsorbate adsorbent system was contacted for duration of 20 min at agitation speeds of
400 rpm. At smaller adsorbent dose (2 20 g/L), showed slow removal was observed. At higher
adsorbent doses of > 20 mg/L showed higher color removal of about 45%. Uncoated GAC showed
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India

reduction in color removal with increase in the adsorbent dose due to magnetic properties of cinder.
CuO coated cinder showed optimal color removal of 45% for 36 g/L.

Fig.3.3: Uncoated and CuO coated sand


Fig. 3.3 shows raw graded sand and CuO coated sand. Fig. 3.4 shows percentage color removal as a
function of adsorbent dose (CuO coated sand). Sand coated with 0.5 g cupric nitrate and sand coated
with 2 g cupric nitrate were used to check the color removal and the maximum color was removed
from 2 g CuO coated cinder compared to 0.5 g CuO coated cinder. Fig. 3.5 shows comparison of
color removal by coated sand and cinder which shows that sand removes more color compared to
cinder.

Fig.3.4: Color removal by graded sand before and after coating with CuO.
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Fig.3.5: Comparison of color removal by CuO coated cinder and graded sand.

Fig.3.6: Color removal by GAC 1.18 0.6 mm (before and after coating).
Fig.3.6 shows color removal by GAC of size 1.18 0.6 mm which showed 100% color
removal for CuO coated GAC of dosage 16 g/L with contact time 20 min.

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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India

4. CONCLUSION
LTP method was seen to be more successful on GAC than cinder and sand. Maximum color
removal was achieved by smaller particle size (1.18 0.6 mm) because of more surface area
available for adsorption, compared with 2.36 1.18 mm. CuO coated adsorbents showed increase in
the color removal efficiency than uncoated adsorbents. It was found that the rate controlling step for
removing color from real wastewater by using CuO coated GAC was intra particle diffusion.
Real wastewater showed promising results than synthetic wastewater by approximately 30%
when CuO coated adsorbents were used.
5. REFERENCES
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wastewaters using MgO nanoparticles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168, 2009, 806 812.
3. G. M. Nabil, N. M. El-Mallah, M. E. Mahmoud, Enhanced decolorization of reactive black 5
dye by active carbon sorbent-immobilized-cationic surfactant (AC-CS), Journal of Industrial
and Engineering Chemistry, 17, 2013, 83 89.
4. S. Anandan, S. Yang, Emergent methods to synthesize and characterize semiconductor CuO
nanoparticles with various morphologies - an overview, Journal of Exp Nanoscience, 2, 2007,
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5. Q. Zhang, K. Zhang, D. Xu, G. Yang, H. Huang, F. Nie, C. Liu, S. Yang. CuO nanostructures:
Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications,
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6. D.P. Singh, N. R. Neti, A. Sinha, O. N. Srivastava, Growth of different nanostructures of Cu2O
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