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ACI 318-11 Example 002

P-M INTERACTION CHECK FOR COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED RECTANGULAR COLUMN
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The Demand/Capacity ratio for a given axial loading and moment is tested in this
example.
A reinforced concrete column is subjected factored axial load Pu = 398.4 k and
moments Muy = 332 k-ft. This column is reinforced with 4 #9 bars. The total area
of reinforcement is 8.00 in2. The design capacity ratio is checked by hand
calculations and result is compared.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Pu=398.4 kips
22"

Muy=332k-ft
A

14"

2.5"

10
Section A-A

Material Properties
E=
=
G=

3600 k/in2
0.2
1500 k/in2

Section Properties

Design Properties

b =
d =

fc = 4 k/in2
fy = 60 k/in2

14 in
19.5 in

ACI 318-11 Example 002 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

Tied Reinforced Concrete Column Demand/Capacity Ratio
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated and compared.

Output Parameter

ETABS

Independent

Percent
Difference

Column Demand/Capacity Ratio

1.000

1.00

0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: ACI 318-11 Ex002

CONCLUSION
The computed results show an exact match with the independent results.

ACI 318-11 Example 002 - 2

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HAND CALCULATION
COLUMN STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION CONTROL
fc = 4 ksi
b = 14 inch
Pu = 398.4 kips

fy = 60 ksi
d = 19.5 inch
Mu = 332 k-ft

1) Because e = 10 inch < (2/3)d = 13 inch., assume compression failure. This assumption will be
checked later. Calculate the distance to the neutral axis fro a balanced condition, cb:
Position of neutral axis at balance condition:
cb =

87
87 + f y

dt =

87
87 + 60

19.5 = 11.54 inch

2) From the equation of equilibrium:

Pn = C c C s T

where
C c = 0.85 f c ab = 0.85 4 14 a = 47.6 a
'

'

C s = As

'

- 0.85 f c

= 4 60 - 0.85 4 = 226.4 kips

Assume compression steels yields, (this assumption will be checked later).

T = As f s = 4 f s

< fy

(Eqn. 1)

Pn = 47.6 a + 226.4 - 4 f s

3) Taking moments about As:

Pn =

1
C
' c
e

'
d - Cs d - d
2

The plastic centroid is at the center of the section and d " = 8.5 inch
'
"
e = e + d = 10 + 8.5 = 18.5 inch.
Pn =

47.6 a 19.5 - 226.4 19.5 - 2.5

18.5
2

ACI 318-11 Example 002 - 3

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(Eqn. 2)

Pn = 50.17 a - 1.29 a + 208

4) Assume c = 13.45 inch, which exceed cb (11.54 inch).

a = 0.85 13.45 = 11.43 inch

Substitute in Eqn. 2:
Pn = 50.17 11.43 - 1.29 11.43 + 208 = 612.9 kips
2

5) Calculate fs from the strain diagram when c = 13.45 inch.

19.5 - 13.45
fs =
13.45

87 = 39.13

ksi

s = t f s E s = 0.00135

6) Substitute a = 13.45 inch and fs = 39.13 ksi in Eqn. 1 to calculate Pn2:

Pn2 = 47.6 11.43 + 226.4 - 4 39.13 613.9 kips
Which is very close to the calculated Pn2 of 612.9 kips (less than 1% difference)
10
M n = Pn e = 612.9
510.8
12

kips-ft

7) Check if compression steels yield. From strain diagram,

13.45 - 2.5
0.003 = 0.00244 > y 0.00207 ksi
13.45

s =
'

Compression steels yields, as assumed.

8) Calculate ,
d t = d = 19.5 inch,

c = 13.45 inch
19.45 - 13.45
= 0.00135
13.45

t (at the tension reinforcement level) = 0.003

Since t 0.002 , then = 0.65

Pn = 0.65 612.9 398.4 kips

M n = 0.65 510.8 332 k-ft.

ACI 318-11 Example 002 - 4