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Section A
Sample
Quantitative
Self-monitoring
Contemporary
Replicable
Systematic
Impartial
Representative
Theory-based
Types of Surveys
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Trend
Time cohort
Panel
Systematic sample
Every element of list
Select every kth element
Make sure list isnt periodic
10
Stratified sample
Same as for simple random sample
However, select from within specific pre-determined
groupings
Insures heterogeneity
11
Multi-stage sample
Select cluster of elements first, for example, physicians
Then select elements, for example, patients
12
Purposive or judgmental
Educated guess of representative unit
13
Purposive or judgmental
Educated guess of representative unit
Quota sampling
Select any way you want following a pre-set quota
pattern
Available subject sampling
Use whomever is available
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16
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20
Steps
3. Select the population or subgroups of interest (based on
study hypotheses and design)
4. Step 4
a. Indicate what you expect the hypothesized
difference to be
b. Estimate the standard deviation of the difference
21
Steps
4. Step 4
c. Compute the effect size
5. Decide on a tolerable level of error in rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is true (alpha) (this is usually set at
.05.)
22
Steps
6. Decide on a desired level of power for rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is false (power) (this is usually set at
.80.)
7. Compute sample size, based on study assumption
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