Lecture

EFIS, EICAS, ECAM, FMS

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS architecture

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS on B747-400

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS on A320

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS architecture

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EFIS displays

EFIS pictorial display

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Torque indicators

Primary displays

Primary flight displays:

attitude
heading
altitude
airspeed
vertical speed
lateral/vertical path

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

engine power
selected heading
selected course
autopilot/flight director
navigation
timer

Multifunction display:

radio management
aircraft systems
engine instruments
checklists
moving map

flight plan
terrain
datalink (traffic/weather)
charts
runways diagrams
wind direction/speed

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

ground track
cautions/warnings
geographic overlays
lightning/weather
traffic information

Multifunction display Apollo MX-20

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Multifunction display Apollo MX-20 - continuation

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Engine/warning display

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Integrated EFIS on small aircraft boards

Dynon

TL-elektronic

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EICAS Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System

EICAS is designed to provide all engine instrumentation and crew
advisory/caution/warning alert messages in an integrated format. The crew alerting
feature provides EICAS messages, flight deck lamp control and aural alerts
The system provides:
Primary engine data: N1, EGT and warning and alert messages, (EPR)
Secondary engine data: N2, fuel flow, oil quantity, pressure and temperature, vibration
+
non-engine parameters: flight control surface position, hydraulic & pneumatic system,
power system including APU, deicing system etc.
The system has two computers (R, L). Only one is in the control at the time and the
other is standby.

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EICAS

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EICAS combined display

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

EICAS modes
EICAS categorizes displays and alerts according to function and usage into modes:
operational: engine operating information and any alerts required to be
actioned by the crew in flight. Only upper display presents information.
status: provides details about the readiness of the aircraft
maintenance: trouble-shooting and verification testing of the major sub-systems
EICAS distinguishes 7 colors:
white: all scales, normal operating range of pointers, digital readouts
red: warning messages, maximum operating limit marks, digital readouts
green: thrust mode readout, selected EPR/N1 speed marks or target cursors
blue: testing of the system only
yellow: caution and advisory messages, caution limit marks on scales, digital readouts
magenta: during in-flight engine starting
cyan: names of all parameters being measured and status marks
EICAS levels:
Level A warnings requiring immediate correction activity
Level B cautions requiring immediate crew awareness and possible activity
Level C advisories requiring crew awareness

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

ECAM Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring system

ECAM data relate essentially to the primary aircraft systems and are displayed in checklist and in pictorial or synoptic format.
Engine operating data are displayed by conventional types of instruments.
ECAM uses two displays side-by-side.
The left-hand display is dedicated to inform in check-list format about:
status of systems
warnings
corrective actions.
The right-hand display is dedicated to show left-hand-display information in pictorial or
synoptic format.
ECAM modes:
flight-phase related: provides the information about the current phase of aircraft
operation (pre-flight, take-off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, and after landing)
advisory: (mode & status)
failure related: when a failure occurs
manual: permits the selection of diagrams related to any one of 12 systems for
routine checking and status messages provided no warnings
Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

ECAM

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Display on and brightness control

ECAM control panel

SGW select switches

LEFT DISPLEY

LEFT DISPLEY
1

OFF

Message
clearance
switch
Status
message switch

ECAM

SGU

FAULT

FAULT

OFF

OFF

BRT

OFF

BRT

CLR

ENG

HYD

AC

DC

STS

BLEED

COND

PRESS

FUEL

RCL

APU

F/CTL

DOOR

WHEEL

Recall switch
System synoptic display switches

ECAM selective systems:

ENG engine system, HYD hydraulic system, AC/DC AC/DC power system, BLEED air
bleed system, COND air-conditioning, PRESS pressure in cabin system, FUEL fuel
system, APU auxiliary power unit, F/CTL surface flight control, DOOR door system,
WHEEL landing gear system
Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

ECAM displays

MEMO
APU RUNNING
NO SMOKING ON
SEAT BELTS ON
PARKING BRAKE ON

DOOR
AVIONIC
CABIN
FWD COMPT

ARM

EMEN
EXIT

ARM

ARM

CARGO

ARM

CARGO
BULK
CABIN

Left-hand display

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

ARM

ARM

Right-hand display

ECAM displays - failure

BRAKES

TEMP: BRAKES

TEMP HOT
- FANS...............ON
- DELAY T.O. FOR COOL

105

102

111

90

108

213

93

99

R
ROLL

SPLR

ROLL

SPD BRK

Left-hand display

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

Right-hand display

FMS Flight Management System

FMS advises the flight crew the optimum settings of various control parameters (EPR,
climb rate etc.) under varying flight conditions. It can isolate a flight crew from the
control loop fully automatic FMS.

DECREASE A WORKLOAD OF THE FLIGHT CREW

GREAT PRECISION OF ENGINE POWER CONTROL
FLIGHT PATH CONTROL (lateral & vertical)
THE MOST ECONOMICAL USE OF THE AVAILABLE FUEL
INCREASE OF SAFETY
The FMS can be found on most commercial & business aircraft.
FMS assists the pilot in navigation, flight planning & aircraft control. Provides real-time
navigation information such as the programmed route, database waypoints & standard
departure/arrival procedures. Calculates performance data and vertical profiles based on
weight, cost index, cruise altitude and predicted winds.
Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

A typical FMS consists of:

Flight Management Computer
Control Display Unit
Visual Display (EFIS)

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

FMC
Aircraft Position
- IRS/INS/GPS
- Nav aids (VOR/DME/ADF)

Auto-Flight System
- Auto-throttle
- Flight Directors

FMC
-

Navigation Database
Performance Calculations

EFIS
- Attitude Indicator
- Heading Indicator

The Flight Management Computer is supplied with information from:

Navigation systems
Inertial reference system
Air data computer
Engine and system status
Aircraft specific performance database
Route, procedure and terrain database
EGPWS
TCAS
Datalink
Pilot inputs
Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

FMS data interfacing

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

FMS configuration

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation

FMS - operation
1. The pilot must initialize and program the FMS with relevant route information.
2. The navigation and aircraft performance database must be verified as current and
correct. (performance must reflect the specific aircraft)
3. An initial position must be entered. (Lat and Long)
4. A GPS augmented system will take less time to initialize.
5. The required route must be entered. This can include specific departure, en-route,
arrival, and approach procedures. (manually entered or previously stored)
6. Routing must be confirmed accurate and correct and any ATC changes to expected
routing must be entered manually en-route.
7. The pilot becomes a manager of this sophisticated system, monitoring progress and
updating or changing parameters as necessary.

Aircraft and Spacecraft Instrumentation