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pi ()=3.1415926535 ...
Perimeter formula
Square
4 * side
Rectangle
2 * (length + width)
Parallelogram
2 * (side1 + side2)
Triangle
Trapezoid
Circle
2 * pi * radius
Ellipse
4 * radius1 * E(k,pi/2)
E(k,pi/2) is the Complete Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind
k = (1/radius1) * sqrt(radius12 - radius22)
Area formula
Square
side2
Rectangle
length * width
Parallelogram
base * height
Triangle
base * height / 2
Circle
pi * radius2
Ellipse
pi * radius1 * radius2
Cube (surface)
6 * side2
Sphere (surface)
4 * pi * radius2
Cylinder (surface)
2 * pi * radius * height
Cone (surface)
pi * radius * side
Torus (surface)
Volume formula
Cube
side3
(4/3) * pi * radius3
Ellipsoid
Cylinder
pi * radius2 * height
Cone
Pyramid
Torus
Geometric Formulas
Plane Geometry
Parallelogram
Rectangle
Area: A = b*h
Area: A = L*w
Perimeter: P = 2*L = 2*w
Solid Geometry
Square
Area: A=s2
Perimeter: P = 4*s
Triangle
Area = *b*h
Rectangular Solid
Volume: V - L*w*h
Surface Area: 2L*w+2w*h+2L*h
Cube
Volume: V = a3
A + B + C = 180
Volume: V = *r2*h
Pythagorean Theorem: A2 + B2 = C2
Trapezoid
Circle
Sphere
Area: A = *r2
Circumference: C = * d or C =2*
*r
Volume: V = 4/3 * * r3
Surface Area: S = 4* *r2
= equal to
right angle
not equal to
triangle
approximately equal to
perpendicular to
2 parallel to
~ similar to
congruent to
not congruent to
+ plus or minus
3.14
line segment AB
angle
line AB
Abbreviations for Units of Measurement
U.S. Standard
Distance
Volume
Weight/Mass
Temperature
Metric
in.
inch
meter
ft.
foot
km
kilometer
mi.
mile
cm
centimeter
mm
millimeter
gal.
gallon
liter
qt.
quart
mL
milliliter
cc
cubic centimeter
lb.
pound
gram
oz.
ounce
kg
kilogram
mg
milligram
degree Celsius
degree Fahrenheit
Time
Speed
sec.
second
min.
minute
hr.
hour
mph
Formulas
Quadratic formula: If ax2 + bx + c = 0, and a 0
Line:
Slope = m =
Distance =
Midpoint =
Geometry
If a line y = a x + b, goes through the two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), then ,
and b = the y-value where the line crosses the y-axis (i.e., when x = 0): this is
often referred to as the "slope-intercept form" of a line.
The distance between two points a and b on the number line is given by |a - b|,
where |x| is the absolute value function: the distance formula for points on a
line.
If a right triangle has sides of length a, b, and c, as in the following diagram:
The distance d between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in the plane is given by
the equation : this is the distance formula in the plane.
Note: Using the distance formula on the horizontal and vertical number lines,
respectively:
(and the fact that |z|2 = z2), this equations follows from applying the square root to
both sides of the equation of the Pythagorean Theorem, with c = d, a = |y1 - y2|, and b
= |x1 - x2| .
The equation for an arbitrary point (x, y) circle of radius r centered at the point
(a, b) is given by the equation (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2: since the distance from
the center to a point on the circle is equal to the radius, this equation comes
from squaring both sides of distance formula in the plane.
The area, A, of a circle of radius r is A = r2. That is because:
o all circles are the result of scaling the circle of radius 1 by a factor of r,
o the area of a circle of radius 1 is , and
o scaling by r changes the area of any plane figure by a factor of r2.
The circumference of (i.e., length around) a circle of radius r is 2 r. That is
because:
o all circles are the result of scaling the circle of radius 1 by a factor of r,
o the area, A, of a symmetric plane figure (such as a square, hexagon,
circle, etc.) is equal to its circumference, C, times half the distance, r,
from the center to a "side". Note: This follows from the area formula
for triangles A = 1/2hb. In other words, A = 1/2Cr, so that for circles,
r2 = 1/2Cr, and C = 2 r.
Note: As you might expect, this formula reflects the fact that scaling by r
changes the length of any plane figure by a factor of r.
Algebra
Exponents
Note: While the first "rule" is actually a definition, the last three rules follow logically
from the first and basic rules of arithmetic.
Note: These rules are also definitions, designed to ensure that the previous rules still
hold even when the exponents are no longer positive whole numbers.
Logarithms
logb = expb-1, where expb is the exponential function with base b, expb(x) = bx:
"Logarithms are the inverses of exponentials."
logb(bx) = x and
Note: Because of the characteristic property of inverses, the previous rule is exactly
the same as the one before it; it simply looks different algebraically and in English.
log = log10: "If you don't see a base, you can assume it is base 10."
ln = loge: "The 'natural' logarithm uses base e."
Note: The previous rule is exactly the same as the one before it; it just sounds
different when you say it in English.
Complex Numbers
Trigonometry
cos(t s) = cos(t)cos(s)