Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. M.G.R. University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Dec. 20-22, 2007. pp. 132-136.
johnmbosco2004@gmail.com
darwinme2000@ieee.org
Keywords: Power System Stabilizer, Multimachine, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Conventional Controller..
Abstract
and in some cases presented limitations on power transfer
capacity. Another problem is the sub synchronous torsional
modes of oscillations in the turbine-generator shaft. These
problems make the system more vulnerable to instability.
The problem of dynamic stability has been
extensively analyzed and is well under stood for cases where
the instability is clearly identified with a machine or group of
machines. The optimum application of stabilizer is well
designed and straightforward in these cases. In the more
general cases of a widespread oscillation permeating a large
interconnection, however, the identification of optimum sites
for stabilizer application is complicated. The first example of
inter system low frequency oscillation was observed during
the inter connection of the North-West power pool and the
South-West power pool of the United States.
A power system may also lose its stability due to
lack of damping or inadequate synchronizing torque. The
sustained low frequency oscillations of a large electric power
system are due to the lack of damping of the system
mechanical mode. The use of supplementary control signal in
the excitation system and the governor system of the
generating unit can provide extra damping for the system and
thus improve its dynamics performance. The supplementary
excitation control for the low frequency oscillation is
currently known as the power system stabilizer [PSS].
1.
2.
Introduction to PSS
Introduction
132
Power System Stabilizer using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Multimachine Power Systems
3.
4.1
Fuzzy set
Let X be a collection of objects (X is the universal
set), then a fuzzy set A in X is defined to be a set of ordered
pairs
A={(x, A(x)) | x X}
Where A(x) is called the membership function of x in A.
Note that the membership function A(x) denotes
the degree to which x belongs to and is normally limited to
values between 0 and 1. A high value of A(x) implies that it
is very likely for x to be in A. Elements with a zero degree of
membership are normally not listed. If we limit the values of
the membership function to be either 0 or 1, then A becomes
a crisp set.
GE = [KAK3] / [(1+sTA)(1+sTdo)+KAK3K6]
Angle of phase lag may be calculated as,
GE = angle (GE), s = jn
4.2
4.3
The OR operator
Let A and B be two fuzzy sets with membership
functions A(x) and B(x), respectively. The membership
function of the union (OR), D = A U B, is defined by
xX
D(x) = max (A(x) B(x) )
T1>T2
For this excitation control design, damping coefficient Dm and D are neglected. A reasonable choice for the
damping coefficient n is considered and it range is about
0.1 to 0.3 per unit.
4.4
4.
Introduction
Controller
To
Non-Conventional
133
5.
Design of the Fuzzy Power System
Stabilizer
To make the designed PSS capable of providing the
desired system damping under disturbance conditions, some
state variables representative of system dynamic performance
must be taken as the input signals to the fuzzy PSS. In this
work, generator speed deviation () and acceleration ()
are chosen to be input signals of the fuzzy PSS, under
disturbance conditions, dynamic performance of the system
could be evaluated by examining the response curves of these
two variables.
To determine the stabilizer output from the
measured system variables and , a fuzzy relation
matrix R, which gives the relationship between the fuzzy set
characterizing stabilizer output, is first established and stored
in computer memory. The fuzzy PSS proceeds as follows to
evaluate the desired output signal.
Step 1: Use membership functions to represent
stabilizer inputs and in fuzzy set notation.
Step 2 : Use the composition rule to determine the
membership function of the stabilizer output VPSS.
Step 3 : Determine a proper stabilizer output from
the membership function of the output signal.
5.1 Establish the fuzzy relation matrix
A fuzzy relation matrix must be set up and stored in
computer memory. A set of decision rules relating stabilizer
inputs to stabilizer output are first compiled. These decision
rules are expressed using linguistic variables such as LP
(large positive), MP (medium positive), SP (small positive),
VS (very small), SN (small negative), MN (medium
negative) and LN (large negative). For example, a typical
rule reads as follows:
Rule 1 If is LP and is LN, then VPSS
(stabilizer output) should be VS.
Through the combination of the two input signals
and , there will be 49 decision rules in all. The most
convenient way to present these decision rules is to use a
decision table as shown in bellow.
Speed
Deviation
LP
MP
SP
VS
SN
MN
LN
MN
SN
VS
SP
MP
LP
VS
SN
MN
MN
LN
LN
LN
SP
VS
SN
MN
MN
LN
LN
MP
SP
VS
SN
SN
MN
LN
LP
MP
SP
VS
SN
MN
LN
LP
MP
SP
SP
VS
SN
MN
LP
LP
MP
MP
SP
VS
SN
LP
LP
LP
M
MP
SP
VS
Example
18 KV
18/230
G1
1
134
Load C
13.8 KV
0.0085+
j0.072
j0.0625
0.0119+j0.1008
j0.0586
G2
B/2=j0.1045
B/2=j0.0745
8
2
9
B/2=j0.153
230/13.8
0.039+j0.170
0.032+j0.161
B/2=j0.179
Load A
Load B
B/2=j0.088
0.017+j0.092
0.010+j0.085
B/2=j0.079
230 KV
16.5/230
4
j0.0576
16.5 KV
3
System Data
The system data which are included the generator
data, excitation system data and the loads.
i, Generator Data
The generator data includes the rated power, inertia
constant, power factor, speed and the d & q axis reactance
Generator
Rated MVA
H
(
MW
S./100MVA)
KV
Power factor
Type
Speed,rpm
Xd
Xd
Xq
Xq
Xl,leakage
Tdo
Tqo
Acceleration,
LN
6.
1
192.0
6.4
2
128.0
3.01
18.0
0.85
Steam
3600
0.8958
0.1198
0.8645
0.1969
0.0521
6.00
0.535
13.8
0.85
Steam
3600
1.3125
0.1813
1.2578
0.25
0.0742
5.89
0.600
Power System Stabilizer using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Multimachine Power Systems
7.
Simulation Result
135
iii,
As evidenced by the response curves, only moderate
gains are required for the fuzzy stabilizer.
9.
10.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Fig.12 Power Angle Deviation characteristics of Machine-I
with Fuzzy set PSS is used
[5]
[6]
11.
8.
Conclusions
1.
M. John Bosco received the B.E. degree from
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, TamilNadu, India in
2002 and M.E. degree from the Annamalai University,
TamilNadu, India in 2005. Currently he is working as a
lecturer in St Xaviers Catholic College of Engineering,
TamilNadu, India. Ph.No: +91-9894842001
E:mail: johnmbosco2004@gmail.com
2.
A. Darwin Jose Raju received the B.E. degree from
University of Madars, TamilNadu, India in 1998 and M.E.
degree from the same University, TamilNadu, India in 2000.
Currently he is working as a Senior lecturer in St Xaviers
Catholic College of Engineering, TamilNadu, India. Ph.No:
+91-9843776224
E:mail: darwinme2000@ieee.org
Discussion
136