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Equations of piezoelectricity
Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity
Introductory Course on Multiphysics Modelling
http://www.ippt.pan.pl/~tzielins/
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
neutral molecule
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
small dipole
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
fi
q
%
cijkl
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
N
m2
h
i
F
ij m
= VCm the dielectric constants
ELASTIC
+
DIELECTRIC
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
fi
q
%
cijkl
ekij
ij
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
N
the elastic material constants
h m2 i
C
the piezoelectric constants
h m2
i
F
C
=
the dielectric constants
m
Vm
ELASTIC
Piezoelectric
+ Effects
DIELECTRIC
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Equations of motion
(Elastodynamics)
Tij|j + fi = % u i
Gauss law
(Electrostatics)
Di|i q = 0
fi
q
%
cijkl
ekij
ij
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
N
the elastic material constants
h m2 i
C
the piezoelectric constants
h m2
i
F
C
=
the dielectric constants
m
Vm
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
fi
q
%
cijkl
ekij
Equations of motion
Gauss law
(Electrostatics)
Di|i q = 0
1
2 (ui|j + uj|i )
Maxwells law
(Electricity)
Ei = |i
N
the elastic material constants
h m2 i
C
the piezoelectric constants
h m2
i
F
C
=
the dielectric constants
m
Vm
(Mechanics)
Sij =
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
Kinematic relations
(Elastodynamics)
Tij|j + fi = % u i
ij
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
fi
q
%
cijkl
ekij
Equations of motion
(Elastodynamics)
Tij|j + fi = % u i
Gauss law
(Electrostatics)
Di|i q = 0
ij
N
the elastic material constants
h m2 i
C
the piezoelectric constants
h m2
i
F
C
=
the dielectric constants
m
Vm
Kinematic relations
(Mechanics)
Maxwells law
(Electricity)
Ei = |i
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
Constitutive equations
with Piezoelectric Effects
COUPLING !
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
fi
q
%
cijkl
ekij
ij
N
h m3 i
C
m3
h i
kg
m3
N
the elastic material constants
h m2 i
C
the piezoelectric constants
h m2
i
F
C
=
the dielectric constants
m
Vm
(natural)
mechanical :
ui = u i
or
Tij nj = F i
electric :
or
Di ni = Q
u i , the specified mechanical displacements
V
[m] and electric
h i
h potential
i
the specified surface forces N and surface charge C
F i , Q
m2
m2
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Equations of piezoelectricity
Final set of partial differential equations
+ c : (u) + e () + f = 0 ,
% u
e : (u) () q = 0 .
[3 eqs.] ,
[1 eq.] .
ui = ? ,
=?
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
(voltage)
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(stress)
(charge)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
Stress-Charge form:
T = cE=0 : S eT E ,
D = e : S + S=0 E .
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
(voltage)
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(stress)
(charge)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
Stress-Charge form:
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
(voltage)
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(stress)
Strain-Charge form:
T = cE=0 : S eT E ,
S = sE=0 : T + dT E ,
D = e : S + S=0 E .
D = d : T + T=0 E .
(charge)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
Stress-Charge form:
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
g
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(stress)
Strain-Charge form:
T = cE=0 : S eT E ,
S = sE=0 : T + dT E ,
D = e : S + S=0 E .
D = d : T + T=0 E .
Stress-Voltage form:
T = cD=0 : S qT D ,
1
E = q : S +
S=0 D .
(voltage)
(charge)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
Stress-Charge form:
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
g
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(stress)
Strain-Charge form:
T = cE=0 : S eT E ,
S = sE=0 : T + dT E ,
D = e : S + S=0 E .
D = d : T + T=0 E .
Stress-Voltage form:
(voltage)
Strain-Voltage form:
T = cD=0 : S qT D ,
S = sD=0 : T + gT D ,
1
E = q : S +
S=0 D .
1
E = g : T +
T =0 D .
(charge)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
m
m
S, D (T , E)
(voltage)
sE=0 , T=0
g
S, E (T , D)
(charge)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
S=0
(strain)
(stress)
m2
N
N
m2
(compliance coefficients)
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
m
m
T , D (S, E)
S, D (T , E)
cE=0 , S=0
(voltage)
sE=0 , T=0
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S, E (T , D)
(charge)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
S=0
(strain)
(stress)
m2
N
N
m2
(compliance coefficients)
F
m
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Charge
Voltage
C
m2
V
m
N
m2
Strain
T , D (S, E)
cE=0 , S=0
q
T , E (S, D)
cD=0 ,
S=0
(strain)
m
m
S, D (T , E)
sE=0 , T=0
(voltage)
S, E (T , D)
1
sD=0 ,
T =0
(charge)
(stress)
C
the piezoelectric coefficients for Stress-Charge form,
2
m
2
m
the piezoelectric coefficients for Stress-Voltage form,
C
h i
C
hNi
N
C
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Strain-Charge Strain-Voltage:
1
sD=0 = sE=0 dT
T =0 d ,
1
g =
T =0 d .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
Strain-Charge Strain-Voltage:
1
sD=0 = sE=0 dT
T =0 d ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Strain-Charge Stress-Voltage: . . .
1
g =
T =0 d .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Strain-Charge Strain-Voltage:
1
sD=0 = sE=0 dT
T =0 d ,
Strain-Charge Stress-Voltage: . . .
Stress-Charge Stress-Voltage:
1
cD=0 = cE=0 eT
S=0 e ,
1
g =
T =0 d .
1
q =
S=0 e .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
Strain-Charge Strain-Voltage:
1
sD=0 = sE=0 dT
T =0 d ,
Strain-Charge Stress-Voltage: . . .
Stress-Charge Stress-Voltage:
1
cD=0 = cE=0 eT
S=0 e ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Stress-Charge Strain-Voltage: . . .
1
g =
T =0 d .
1
q =
S=0 e .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Strain-Charge Stress-Charge:
1
cE=0 = s
E=0 ,
1
e = d : s
E=0 ,
T
1
S=0 = T=0 d s
E=0 d .
Strain-Charge Strain-Voltage:
1
sD=0 = sE=0 dT
T =0 d ,
Strain-Charge Stress-Voltage: . . .
Stress-Charge Stress-Voltage:
1
cD=0 = cE=0 eT
S=0 e ,
Stress-Charge Strain-Voltage: . . .
Strain-Voltage Stress-Voltage:
1
cD=0 = s
D=0 ,
1
q = g : s
D=0 ,
1
g =
T =0 d .
1
q =
S=0 e .
1
1
1
T
S=0 = T =0 + g sD=0 g .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
22 2 ,
33 3 ,
23 4 ,
13 5 ,
12 6 .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
22 2 ,
Tij [T ](61) ,
cijkl [c ](66) ,
ekij [ek ](36) ,
33 3 ,
Sij [S ](61) ,
sijkl [s ](66) ,
dkij [dk ](36) ,
23 4 ,
13 5 ,
Ei [Ei ](31) ,
ij [ij ](33) ,
12 6 .
Di [Di ](31) ,
1
1
ij [ij ](33) ,
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
22 2 ,
Tij [T ](61) ,
cijkl [c ](66) ,
ekij [ek ](36) ,
33 3 ,
Sij [S ](61) ,
sijkl [s ](66) ,
dkij [dk ](36) ,
23 4 ,
13 5 ,
Ei [Ei ](31) ,
12 6 .
Di [Di ](31) ,
ij [ij ](33) ,
1
1
ij [ij ](33) ,
Strain-Charge form:
S(61) = s(66) T(61) + dT(63) E(31) ,
D(31) = d(36) T(61) + (33) E(31) .
Stress-Charge form:
T(61) = c(66) S(61) eT(63) E(31) ,
D(31) = e(36) S(61) + (33) E(31) .
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
c
11
c(66) =
e(36) = 0
e31
0
0
e32
0
0
e33
c12
c22
c13
c23
c33
sym.
0
e24
0
e15
0
0
0 ,
0
0
0
0
c44
0
,
0
c66
11
(33) = 0
0
0
0
0
0
c55
0
22
0
0 .
33
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
c
11
c(66) =
e(36) = 0
e31
0
0
e32
0
0
e33
c12
c22
c13
c23
c33
0
0
0
c44
sym.
0
e24
0
e15
0
0
0 ,
0
0
,
0
c66
11
(33) = 0
0
0
0
0
0
c55
0
22
0
0 .
33
c23 = c13 ,
e24 = e15 ,
c55 = c44 ,
e32 = e31 ,
c11 c12
,
2
22 = 11 .
c66 =
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
Outline
1
Introduction
The piezoelectric effect
Simple molecular model for explaining the piezoelectric effect
Equations of piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity viewed as electromechanical coupling
Field equations of linear piezoelectricity
Boundary conditions
Final set of partial differential equations
Introduction
Equations of piezoelectricity
1
with dmkl = emij c
ijkl
1 0
S
0 kl