Drillstem

Julio Rodrguez
Hernn Torres
Luis Contreras
Oscar Leynes

Introduction to Rotary System

The main parts of the rotary system (or the drill string) are:
1. Swivel

2. Kelly
3. Rotary table
4. Drillpipe

5. Drill collars
6. Heavy wall drill pipe
7. Stabilizer
Note: the bottomhole assembly (BHA) is that portion of the drill
string between the drill pipe and the drill bit.

Introduction to Rotary System

The rotary system is the heart of the rotary drilling rig;

Its function involves transmitting rotating function to the drillstring and
consequently the bit.
As the drill string moves downhole, it is subjected to a variety of stresses,
The drill string must: provide weight to the bit; allow control over wellbore
deviation; and help ensure that the hole stays "in gauge".

Swivel

The rotary swivel connects the circulating system to

the rotary system.
The swivel is hung under the traveling block and
directly above the kelly.
It provides the ability for the Kelly to rotate while
simultaneously allowing the introduction of drilling
fluid into the drill string.

Rotary Table
Rotary table provides rotation to kelly in rotary drilling,
powered by its own electric motors.
Also accommodates slips mostly used for pipe
suspension in hole when kelly disconnected.

Two primary functions:

Transmits rotation to drill string by turning kelly
joint.
Suspend pipe weights during connections & trips.

Kelly

The Kelly is of square or hexagonal cross-section that

screws into the drillstring while providing a flat surface
for applying torque to rotate the pipe.

The main function of a kelly is to transfer energy from

the rotary table to the rest of the drill string.
Mud hose is at the top of kelly, passes the drilling mud
into the drill string.

Drillpipe

The longest portion of the drill string consists of

connected lengths of drill pipe.
The primary purposes of drill pipe are to provide
length to the drill string and transmit rotational
energy from the Kelly to the bottomhole assembly
and the drill bit.

Drillpipe selection

Hole size, well depth, casing and cementing requirements, subsurface

pressures, circulating system and drilling mud parameters, hoisting
capacity, pipe availability and contract provisions are among the factors
that influence drill pipe selection.
The American Petroleum Institute(API) has established standards for drill
pipe manufacturing practices, dimensions, strengths and performance
properties.

Drill Collar

The drill collars provide weight and stability to the drill

bit, maintain tension on the drill pipe and help keep the
hole on a straight course.
Drill collars are thick-walled tubular pieces machined
from solid bars of steel.

The bars of steel are drilled from end to end to provide

a passage to pumping drilling fluids through the collars.

Drill Collar

To avoid fatigue failures, the drill pipe and

uppermost drill collars need to be kept in
tension at all times.
Tension can be maintained by running an
adequate number of collars in the
bottomhole assembly to ensure that the
neutral point will always be below the drill
pipe.

Heavy Wall Drill Pipe

Serves as an intermediate-weight drill string member between the drill pipe

and the much heavier drill collars, thereby reducing fatigue failures, providing
additional hole stability and aiding in directional control.

The most important drill string application for heavy wall drill pipe is in the
so-called zone of destruction.
Also, the ability of the heavy wall drill pipe to bend (unlike drill collars) serves
to relieve high stresses at the connections.

Stabilizer

Stabilizers, by centralizing the drill string at selected points

in the borehole, can be used to:

Ensure that the weight of the drill collars is concentrated

on the bit;
Reduce torque and bending stresses in the drill string;
Prevent wall-sticking or key-seating of the drill collars;
Maintain constant bit direction in straight-hole drilling.