COMMON VERBS First Conjugation

addigito (1)

to point [something] out

loco (1)

to place, put

aequo (1)

to make level, match

monstro (1)

to show, demonstrate

ambulo (1)

to walk, travel

muto (1)

to change, exchange

amo (1)

to love, like

neco (1)

to kill

celo (1)

to hide [something]

nego (1)

to deny, refuse

clamo (1)

to shout

nuntio (1)

to announce

claro (1)

to clarify, explain

opto (1)

to choose, desire, wish for

crucio (1)

to torture

oro (1)

to beg (for)

cogito (1)

to think, ponder, consider

paro (1)

to prepare, provide

corono (1)

to crown

porto (1)

to carry

damno (1)

to condemn, sentence

pugno (1)

to fight

dono (1)

to give, present, reward

sono, -are, -ui, -itus

to sound (transitive)

dubito (1)

to doubt, hesitate

specto (1)

to look at

flo (1)

to blow

spiro (1)

to breathe

habito (1)

to live, dwell

sto, stare, steti, staturus

to stand

juvo, juvare, juvi, jutus

to help, assist, aid

vasto (1)

to lay waste to, destroy

laboro (1)

to work (at), produce

voco (1)

to call

appareo, -re, -ui, -itus

to appear

pareo, -re, -ui, -itus

to obey

ardeo, -re, arsi, arsus

to burn

pateo, -re, -ui, -itus

to spread, extend

careo, -re, -ui, -itus

to lack, be without (+
gen. or abl.)

placeo, -re, -ui, -itus

to please (+ dat.)

censeo, -re, -ui, -itus

to expect, asses, tax

pleo, -re, -evi, -itus

to fill

deleo, -re, -evi, -itus

to destroy

sedeo, -re, sedi,

sessurus

to sit

exerceo, -re, -ui, -itus

to keep busy, practice,

supervise

spondeo, -re,
spospondi, sponsus

to pledge, affirm, swear

fleo, -re, flexi, flectus

to weep

taceo, -re, -ui, -itus

to keep silent

habeo, -re, -ui, -itus

to have, hold, possess

terreo, -re, -ui, -itus

to frighten, alarm, terrify

maneo, -re, mansi,

mansus

to remain

timeo, -re, -ui, -itus

to fear, be afraid (of)

moneo, -re, -ui, -itus

to warn, remind

video, -re, vidi, visus

to see

Second Conjugation

moveo, -re, movi

motus

to move

Third Conjugation
ago, -ere, egi, actus

to do, discuss, spend

(time)

intellego, -ere, -lexi, lectus

to understand

cano, -ere, cecini,

cantus

to sing (of)

lego, -ere, lexi, lectus

to read, choose

cado, -ere, cecidi,

casurus

to fall

mitto, -ere, misi, missus

to send

cedo, -ere, cessi,

cessus

to grant, yield, submit to

pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsus

to push, drive off

cresco, -ere, crevi,

creturus

to grow, increase

peto, -ere, -ivi, -itus

to seek, ask for

curro, -ere, cucurri,

cursus

to run

pono, -ere, posui, positus

to put, place

duco, -ere, duxi, ductus

to lead, consider

posco, -ere, poposci, [no

4th part]

to beg, demand

eruo, -uere, -ui, -itus

to uproot, to destroy

quaero, -ere, quaesivi,

quaesitus

to look for, search for,

obtain

figo, -ere, fixi, fictus

(fixus)

to fix, attatch

rego, -ere, rexi, rectus

to set up, erect, raise

frango, -ere, fregi,

fractus

to break, shatter, smash

repo, -ere, repsi, [no 4th

part]

to creep, crawl

fremo, -ere, -ui, -itus

to complain loudly at

scribo, -ere, scripsi,

scriptus

to write

incolo, -ere, -ui, [no 4th

part]

to inhabit

vivo, -ere, vixi, victurus

to be alive, survive

capio, -ere, cepi, captus

to take, capture

jacio, -ere, jeci, jactus

to throw, hurl

facio, -ere, feci, factus

to make, do

specio, -ere, spexi,

spectus

to look at

fugio, -ere, fugi, fugitus

to flee, escape from

Third Conjugation -io

Fourth Conjugation
aperio, -ire, -ui, -itus

to open

scio (4)

to know

audio (4)

to hear, listen (to)

sentio, -ire, sensi, sensus

to sense, feel, perceive

dormio (4)

to sleep

venio, -ire, veni, venturus

come

18. NUMBERS

21

viginti unus / unus et viginti

vicesimus primus

22

viginti duo / duo et viginti

vicesimus secundus

30

triginta

tricesimus

40

quadraginta

quadragesimus

50

quinquaginta

quinquagesimus

60

sexaginta

sexagesimus

70

septuaginta

septuagesimus

80

octoginta

octogesimus

90

nonaginta

nonagesimus

100

centum

centesimus

101

centum (et) unus

centesimus primus

200

ducenti, -ae, -a

ducentesimus

300

trecenti, -ae, -a

trecentesimus

400

quadragenti, -ae, -a

quadragentesimus

500

quingenti, -ae, -a

quingentisimus

600

sescenti, -ae, -a

sescentesimus

700

septingenti, -ae, -a

septingesimus

800

octingenti, -ae, -a

octingesimus

900

nongenti, -ae, -a

nongentesimus

1000

mille

millesimus

2000

duo milia

bis millesimus

10000

decem milia

decies millesimus

100000

centum milia

centies millesimus

19. DAYS OF THE WEEK

Monday

dies, -ei m Lunae

Tuesday

dies, -ei m Martis

Wednesday

dies, -ei m Mercurii

Thursday

dies, -ei m Jovis

Friday

dies, -ei m Veneris

Saturday

dies, -ei m Saturni

Sunday

dies, -ei m Solis; dominica, -ae f

day

dies, -ei m./f.

morning

matutinum, -i, n.

afternoon

tempus, -oris, n. postmeridianum

in the afternoon

postmeridie

evening

vesper, -eri, m.

in the evening

vesperi

night

nox, noctis, f.

at night

noctu (NB this irregular form)

today

hodie

tomorrow

cras

tonight

hc nocte

yesterday

heri

last night

proxim nocte

week

hebdomas, hebdomadis, f.; septimana, -ae, f.

weekend

finis, -is, m. hebdomadis

on the weekend

exeunte hebdomade

daily

cotidie

weekly

singulis hebdomadibus

To say or , etc. we use the ablative singular of the day:

die Saturni
die Martis

20. MONTHS AND SEASONS

January

Januarius, -i, m.

February

Februarius, -i, m.

March

Martius, -i, m.

April

Aprilis, -is, m.

May

Majus, -i, m.

June

Junius, -i, m.

July

Julius, -i, m.

August

Augustus, -i, m.

October

October, -bris, m.

November

November, -bris, m.

December

December, -bris, m.

month

mensis, -is, m.

year

annus, -i, m.

yearly

quotannis

season

tempus, -oris, n. anni

spring

ver, veris, n.

summer

aestas, -tatis, f.

fall

autumnus, -i, m.

winter

hiems, hiemis, f.

Saying in January or in fall is

the same as the days of the
week (use ablative singular):

Januario
autumno

27. PREPOSITIONS

Preposition

Meaning

Latin Example

English Example

to, toward

ad Asiam ambulant.

They walk to/toward

Asia

for, with a view to

ad pacem

for peace

ante

before (space or time)

ante oppidum
ante bellum

before the town

before the war

circum

around

circum castra

around the camp

contra

against

Contra eum dico.

I speak against him.

inter

among

inter mortuos

among the dead

between

inter meam
opinionem et tueam

between my opinion
and yours

juxta

close to

juxta patriam

close to the
homeland

ob

on account of, because of

ob metum

because of fear

per

through

per multa maria

through many seas

per iram

through anger

behind

post montem

behind the mountain

after

post mortem

after death

beyond

praeter insulas

beyond the islands

praeter spem

beyond expectation

Prepositions with the Accusative

ad

post

praeter

propter

on account of

propter amorem

on account of love

trans

across

trans flumen

across the river

away from

a Britanni

away from Britain

by

interfectus est a
Caesare

he was killed by
Caesar

cum*

with

cum amicis

with friends

de

down from

de montibus

down from the

mountains

e, ex (before a vowel)

out of

e provinci

out of the province

prae

in front of

prae aedificio

in front of the
building

sine

without

sine pugn et sine

vulnere

without fight and

without injury

Prepositions with the Ablative

a, ab (before a vowel)

Prepositions with either the Accusative or the Ablative

in

sub

super

+ acc.

into

in Asiam

into Asia

against

oratio in Catilinam

a speech against
Catilina

+ abl.

in, on

in Asi est.

He is in Asia.

+acc.

under (implying motion)

canis sub mensam

it.

the dog goes under

the table.

+ abl.

under (at rest)

canis sub mens

sedet.

the dog sits under

the table.

+ acc.

over (with motion)

canis super
mensam it.

the dog goes over

the table.

+ abl.

above (at rest)

Super mens sunt.

They are above the

table.

* When used with a pronoun, cum becomes and enclitic and attaches to
the end of the pronoun.
mecum with me
quibuscum? with whom?

28. TO GO / IRE
Compounds that include ire
abeo

to go away, leave

adeo

to go toward, approach, attack, visit

ambio

to go around, encircle

circumeo

to go around, visit, cheat

coeo

to meet, mate, copulate

depereo

to be hopelessly in love with; to parish

exeo

to ward off; to leave

ineo

to enter

intereo

to perish

obeo

to travel to; to die, fade away

pereo

to perish

praeeo

to lead

prodeo

to advance

redeo

to return

subeo

to approach

transeo

to cross

veneo

to be for sale

29. TO BE ABLE / POSSE

possum, posse, potui, to be able
possum

possumus

potes

potestis

potest

possunt

Tecum ad tabernam ire possum. I can come with you to the store.
Potesne mihi gladium dare? Can you give me the sword?

30. ADJECTIVES
Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Singular
Nom.

malus

mala

malum

Gen.

mali

malae

mali

Dat.

malo

malae

malo

Acc.

malum

malam

malum

Abl.

malo

mal

malo

Plural
Nom.

mali

malae

mala

Gen.

malorum

malarum

malorum

Dat.

malis

malis

malis

Acc.

malos

malas

mala

Abl.

malis

malis

malis

be exsisto
begin inceptio
break quasso
buy redimo
close claudere
come venire
do exerceo
draw designo
drink bibere
eat edere
fall cadere
feel contrecto
find reperio
fire ardor
fly no
follow sequi
give affero
have habere%habere
help subvenio
hope spero
kiss basiatio
laugh ridere
learn discere
lie recubo
lie mentiri
like amo

listen auscultare
look spectare
lose amitto
love diligo
make facesso
move permoveo
need peto
offer defero
open patefacio
pay pensito
push impressio
put colloco
read legere
run currere
say aio
sell exigo
sing psallo
sit incubare
smile subridere%subridere
swim natare
talk loquor
understand agnosco
use sumo
write scribere