Briefing Book on Executive Action

December 9, 12:30pm

Table of Contents
Page
1

Topline Talking Points on Immigration Executive Action

Topline Facts and Figures on Executive Action

Message Guidance: Executive Action Will Not Be a Magnet For Future Unauthorized
Immigration

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: Economics

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: National Security

11

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: Border Security

13

Toplines: Executive Action on Immigration Will Benefit State Economies

Topline Talking Points on Immigration Executive Action

What: The Presidents executive action contains a number of components that will strengthen our
border and national security, ensure that our enforcement resources are used to go after felons rather
than families, and will give five million people the chance to come out of the shadows and gain
temporary legal status. The main components include a new deferred action program for immigrants
who have been in the country for at least five years and have citizen or permanent resident children; an
expansion of the DACA program to eliminate the age cap and move the year of arrival forward; and
changes to our enforcement priorities to focus on terrorists, national security threats, and other serious
offenders first and foremost.
Top Lines: Policy, people, prosperity and public safety

President Obama is taking action within his legal authority to address our broken immigration
system, just as a bipartisan group of 11 presidents have done 39 times in the last 60 years.
This executive action is focusing enforcement resources on felons not families, making our
community safer and keep families together.
Bringing nearly five million people out of the shadows is a win for American workers and
taxpayers, with increased tax revenue, and an upward push on wages.
Executive action is not a substitute for legislation, and Congress still must act to pass a
permanent solution to our broken immigration system.

Key Points
President Obama is taking action within his legal authority to address our broken immigration system

President Obama is taking action within his legal authority to address our broken immigration
system. This is about good policy that keeps families together, grows our economy and makes
our country safer.
Eleven presidentsincluding Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bushhave
acted 39 times to address immigration over the last 60 years.
In 1991, President George H.W. Bush took action that shielded 1.5 million people from
deportation, about 40 percent of the undocumented immigrants in the country at that time.
President Obamas action impacts a similar number of undocumented immigrants.

Executive action is focusing enforcement resources on felons not families

President Obamas executive action focuses our enforcement actions on felons not families,
enhancing public safety and taking steps to avoid ripping families apart.
Focusing on serious criminals and felons will make our communities safer.

Our enforcement agencies will now have information on more than four million undocumented
immigrants who will come out of the shadows. They will register with the government and both
they and their employers will pay taxes.

Bringing nearly five million people out of the shadows is a win for American workers and taxpayers

Bringing five million people onto the books means that they and their employers have to pay
taxes, which benefits all Americans. CAP has estimated that in the first year of the program
alone, these five million immigrants will contribute $3 billion in payroll tax revenue alone, and
$22.6 billion over five years.
The costs of this action will be paid for by administrative fees paid by the immigrants
themselves.

Executive action is not a substitute for legislation, and Congress still must act

Speaker Boehner has had a bipartisan passed Senate bill sitting on his desk for more than a year.
The bipartisan Senate bill passed 68-32 in 2013, with support from 14 Republicans, one of the
few things this Congress has been able to do in a bipartisan way in years. That bill had the
strongest border security provisions in American history, but Boehner refused to bring it to a
vote.
Only Congress can solve our broken immigration system, but the President is taking actions
within his authority while Congress delays.

Topline Facts and Figures on Executive Action

Only Congress can fix our nations broken immigration system once and for all. But in the face of
congressional paralysis on the issue, the president can and should take whatever steps are within his
authority to restore order and rationality to the system. There are obvious limits on what the president
can do: for example, he cannot provide permanent status or citizenship to undocumented immigrants.
But he can unquestionably adopt an array of policies that will ensure enforcement resources are focused
on serious criminals rather than hard-working immigrants with deep roots in this country.
The administrative action that will have the broadest impact in focusing enforcement resources,
enhancing our security, and stabilizing communities across the country is an expansion of deferred
action to millions of low-priority immigrants. This will ensure that millions of undocumented immigrants
come forward, register with the government and undergo background checks. This will guarantee that
they and their employers are paying their full share of taxes.
The president has broad legal authority to take executive action on immigration.

Congress of course makes the laws. But the president has wide latitude in determining how to

go about enforcing those laws. From a legal perspective, there is no question that the president
has the power to broadly expand deferred action. The legal underpinning of deferred action is
prosecutorial discretion which is the decision to enforce, or not enforce, a particular law against
an individual. Every law enforcement agency in the world engages makes these determinations:
They are the inevitable by-product of enforcement in a universe of limited resources. And in the
immigration context, a decision to focus on violent offenders, for example, is a completely
unexceptional use of this executive authority.
Law scholars agree that the president has the legal authority. In September, 136 immigration
law professors penned a letter arguing that President Obama has broad legal authority on
immigration, and that his prosecutorial discretion power is backed by the Constitution.

Executive Action that provides discretionary relief from deportation has been used by every single
president since Eisenhower.

Eleven U.S. presidents from both parties have taken executive actions on immigration 39 times
over the past 60 years.
Many of these executive policies have been sweeping in scope. George H.W. Bush, for example,
in accordance with his Family Fairness policy, deferred the deportation of up to 1.5 million
undocumented spouses and children of individuals who were legalized under the Immigration
and Reform Act of 1986.

Executive Action will improve public safety and national security because it requires undocumented
immigrants to register with the government and undergo background checks.

 Currently more than 11 million undocumented immigrants are living in the United States and
their identities, addresses, and backgrounds are unknown to the government. Although the vast
majority of these individuals are hard-working, law-abiding and are deeply rooted in the U.S.,
their anonymity makes it harder for law enforcement to identify those individuals who
represent a threat to our communities. A policy that enables low-priority immigrants to come
forward, register with the government, and request a reprieve from removal, will help us focus
on high priorities.
Providing temporary legal status improves public safety as individuals no longer fear being
deported, and are more willing to communicate with the authorities and report crimes. It also
decreases their chances of being victimized because of their immigration status, when criminals
know that they will not go to the police because of they lack status. Our communities are safest
when everyone feels comfortable and safe to come forward to the legal authorities.
a. Deferred action also opens opportunities for individuals to secure drivers licenses and auto
insurance. These policies help increase road safety by ensuring that undocumented immigrants
are driving with the appropriate training and financial safeguards. For example, a study showed
that around 57% of individuals, who received a temporary relief from deportation under
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, were able to receive their drivers
licenses. DACA, a 2012 executive action, provided relief to 553,197 eligible undocumented
individuals who came to the U.S. as children.
Providing deferred action to low-priority undocumented immigrants will produce large economic
benefits to the nation.

Undocumented immigrants who receive deferred action and temporary work permits will see

their wages rise by 8.5 percent as they can work legally, and find jobs that match their skills.
If 5 million undocumented immigrants are eligible to apply for work permits, these workers will
add $3 billion more in payroll taxes in the first year of the program. Over five years, these
workers will contribute $22.6 billion in payroll taxes to the U.S. economy.
Providing temporary legalization to undocumented workers will not undermine the job
opportunities or wages of American workers. Immigrants and native-born workers typically do
not compete for the same jobs, but instead complement one another.

The public strongly supports fixing the immigration system

A 2014 Gallup poll shows that 94 percent of Americans believed it is important for the
administration to take steps to deal with undocumented immigrants already living in the U.S.
this year.
A 2014 Pew survey shows there is bipartisan support for providing legal status to undocumented
immigrants 81 percent of Democrats and 64 percent of Republicans favor such policies.
Overall, 73 percent of all Americans sampled in the 2014 Pew surveyand 89 percent of
Latinossay that undocumented individuals who meet certain criteria should be allowed to stay
legally in the U.S.

The Obama Administration has a strong record on border enforcement

Contrary to the conventional wisdom, the Obama administration did not ramp up enforcement or
deportations after he took office. Nor did he scale back enforcement. Instead, he attempted to
direct resources in a more targeted fashion by eliminating large work place raids, emphasizing
border enforcement over interior removals, and resetting the agencys priorities.
The Obama Administration inherited an immigration enforcement regime that had doubled in size
since 2002. In President Bushs last year in office, the budget for immigration and border
enforcement reached more than $17 billion and those resources were leveraged to deport 360,000
people. So the immigration enforcement apparatus was already built and in overdrive when
President Obama took office.
Over the course of the last 6 years, the annual budget for immigration and border enforcement has
hovered between $17 and $18 billion with an average of roughly 400,000 removals each year.
It is true that there has been a slight uptick in the amount of funding Congress has appropriated
each year for enforcement purposes and in the number of removals that have been effected. But it
is also true that removals have comported more closely with articulated agency priorities people
with criminal convictions, recent illegal entrants, and repeat immigration violators.
It is also true that attempted unlawful entriesa proxy for the number of people attempting to
enter the countryare at their lowest point in the last 40 years; concurrently, the likelihood of
apprehension at the border are at historic highs.
The best characterization of immigration and border enforcement under this administration is not a
ramping up and then a scaling back. It is more a matter of maintaining the inherited scale of
operations while charting a more targeted course by defining and implementing priorities.

Message Guidance: Executive action will not be a magnet for future unauthorized immigration:

Strict eligibility requirements: As with the Deferred Action program for DREAMers (aka DACA), the
new grant of deferred action for parents, the DAPA program, has strict eligibility requirements.
Applicants: Must have a citizen or permanent resident child, have been in the country for at least 5
years, and must have entered the country prior to January 1, 2010. No one who came more recently
than 2010, or enters in the future, will be eligible.

Executive action will not be a magnet: There is also no evidence that the last legalization program
signed by President Reagan in 1986 (the Immigration Reform and Control Act) incentivized the flow
of unauthorized immigrants. In fact, in the early 1990smore than five years after IRCAthe flow
of unauthorized immigrants actually dropped.

DACA was not a magnet: There is no evidence that the DACA program in 2012 caused a surge of
unauthorized migration:
o The uptick in child refugees at the southern border began well before the DACA
program was announced in FY 2012.
o Even taking into account these children, unauthorized migration is still at its lowest
point in the last 40 years.
o Pew estimates that the overall number of unauthorized migrants has stayed steady, not
rising.

New resources for border security: As part of the executive actions, DHS is putting in place new
enforcement priorities which will put an even stronger emphasis at identifying, catching, and
removing immigrants caught trying to enter the country without status. These investmentsalong
with a newly announced strategy to coordinate efforts across federal agencies at the borderadd
to the unprecedented resources the administration has already put on the border, doubling the
border patrol, and adding a litany of technology to ensure 100 percent eyes on the border to see
anyone attempting to cross in real time, 24/7.

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: Economics

Topline Message: Everyone agrees that our immigration system is broken and needs reform. While only
Congress has the power to fix the immigration system once and for all, until it acts, there are important
steps the president can take that will start fixing the system while also increasing tax revenues, and
strengthening our economy.
Today, 11 millions of immigrants are living and working in the United States without legal authorization.
Their lack of official status has relegated them to the margins of the formal economy. That keeps them
from realizing their economic potential and it keeps the government from collecting their, and their
employers, full share or taxes.
Enabling these immigrants to register with the government and request a reprieve from removal will
permit them to work legally, at least temporarily. That will provide these workers with the mobility to
secure jobs that will maximize their skill sets and enhance their productivity. It will also ensure that
these workers and their employers are on the books and paying their share of taxes.
Expanding deferred action will significantly strengthen our economy. When undocumented immigrants
get work authorization, they are able to shield themselves against workplace exploitation, move freely
across the labor market, and find jobs that best match their skills. That leads to a rise in wages and those
extra earnings get spent throughout the economy. That, in turn, drives up demand for goods and
services, and ultimately creates more jobs for all Americans.
Deferred action increases tax revenues, not competition:

A deferred action program will not increase the number of people looking for jobs in the U.S.,
thereby competing with American workers. There are already 8 million undocumented immigrants
working in the US. According to the Social Security Administration, only 38% of these workers and
their employers are paying payroll taxes. This means we are missing out on billions of dollars in tax
revenues each year.

Allowing 5 million low-priority undocumented immigrants to apply for work permits under deferred
action would create an avenue for these workers and their employers to get on the books and start
paying taxes, leading to a $22.6 billion increase in revenues, over five years.

Deferred action grows the economy:

Getting a work permit allows undocumented immigrants to move freely across the labor market and
find jobs that best match their skill. It is better for everyone and our economy when people are
working in jobs where they can utilize all of their skills. For example, everyone benefits when a
trained nurse is able to apply and get a job in a hospital instead of working as a nanny in someones
home.

Deferred action Increases the wages of American workers:

Allowing undocumented immigrant to acquire a work permit will increase their earnings by 8.5%.
Immigrants will spend this extra earnings on things like cars, phones, and clothing. All of this extra
spending adds up, ultimately creating jobs and boosting wages for all workers.

Deferred action will NOT harm American workers:

Labor economist have consistently found that immigrants, including those who might receive
deferred action, and the native-born do not compete against each other because they have
different skill sets, and ultimately hold different jobs. In fact, as immigrants enter the labor
market, native-born workers move up the occupational ladder, with women and African
American workers being the most likely to do so.

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: National Security

Topline Message: Everyone agrees that our immigration system is broken and needs reform. While only
Congress has the power to fix the immigration system once and for all, until it acts, there are important
steps the president can take which will strengthen our national security.
Reliable data is the cornerstone of any national security strategy. But our broken immigration system
has led to a swollen undocumented population of more than 11 million people living in the United
States. We dont know their identities, addresses, or backgrounds. Although the vast majority of these
individuals are hard-working, law-abiding, and deeply rooted in the United States, their anonymity
makes it harder to identify those few individuals who may present a threat to their communities and the
country
A policy like deferred action, that brings low-priority immigrants forward to register with the
government, undergo background checks, and request a reprieve from removal provides the
government with critical data that it would not otherwise obtain. That data will enable the government
to focus its resources on serious criminals and people who might present a threat to national security
rather than hard-working individuals who are contributing to their communities. It also shrinks the
overall pool of people unknown to the government, making it easier to find and weed out serious
threats to the nation.
Executive action will improve national security:

Deferred action includes a rigorous application process that will eliminate any national security
threats. Applicants will have to register with the government and pass background checks before
they can receive the status, so no violent criminals, gang members, or terrorists will be able to take
advantage of the program.
Immigrants are already less likely to commit crimes than the native born: They are far less likely to
be in prison than the native born, and crime rates are lowest in states with the greatest growth in
immigrant populations.
There is no correlation between unauthorized immigration and crime. In fact, even as the
unauthorized immigrant population has risen over the past two decades, the violent crime rate in
the U.S. has dropped significantly.
Allowing low-priority immigrants to come forward and request deferred action means that there will
be fewer people living in the shadows, beyond the reach of law enforcement. Instead, the
government will know who is here to contribute and who is here to do us harm.

Executive action is legal, and temporary:

There is no question that the president has the legal authority to broadly expand deferred action.
The legal underpinning of deferred action is prosecutorial discretion and federal courts have
recognized the exercise of such discretion in the immigration context for decades.

There are clear and obvious limits to what the president can do: for example, he cannot provide
permanent status or citizenship to undocumented immigrants. Anything he does can be undone by
the next president. Executive action is therefore neither a complete nor a permanent solution to the
problems plaguing the immigration system but rather an interim step to make it more effective and
functional until Congress acts.

Every president since Eisenhower has used executive authority on immigration:

All 11 presidents from both parties have taken executive actions on immigration 39 times over
the past 60 years.
George H.W. Bush, for example, in accordance with his Family Fairness policy, deferred the
deportation of up to 1.5 million undocumented spouses and children of individuals who were
legalized under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. That was approximately 40%
of the estimated undocumented population at the time.

Executive action will not be a magnet for future unauthorized immigration:

As with the Deferred Action program for DREAMers (aka DACA), any expansion of deferred action
will have strict eligibility requirements and only apply to individuals who have been in the country
for a significant period of time (e.g. 5 or 10 years). Anyone who came more recently or after the
announcement will be ineligible.
There is also no evidence that the last legalization program signed by President Reagan in 1986 (the
Immigration Reform and Control Act) incentivized the flow of unauthorized immigrants. In fact, in
the early 1990smore than five years after IRCAthe flow of unauthorized immigrants actually
dropped.
In any case, the massive buildup at the border since 1993 and especially over the last 10 years has
created a more secure border than ever before. Congress holds the key to providing lasting control
over the border by modernizing our legal immigration system and created legal channels that
effectively regulate our integrated labor market.

The public strongly supports fixing the immigration system:

A 2014 Gallup poll shows that 94 percent of Americans believed it is important for the
administration to take steps to deal with undocumented immigrants already living in the U.S. this
year.
By a 57 to 39 percent margin, voters in Election Day exit polls preferred offering legal status to
unauthorized immigrants working in the U.S., rather than deporting them.

10

Message Guidance on Immigration Executive Action: Border Security

Topline: Our southern border with Mexico is safer than ever. We have more resources, agents, and
technology patrolling the border than ever, and the number of people crossing is at a 40-year low. The
administration is deporting an average of 400,000 people per year, with removals at the border
accounting for 70 percent of all deportations in 2013. Executive action on immigration furthers the
concept of prosecutorial discretion to direct immigration enforcement resources against serious
offenders, rather than otherwise law-abiding family and community members. Executive action will not
end all deportations, nor will it mean any lessening of a focus on securing the southern border.
The border is more secure than ever
Apprehensions at the southern bordera proxy for the number of people trying to cross without
authorizationare at a forty year low.
o Even with the number of unaccompanied children arriving in the U.S., overall unauthorized
migration is still at its lowest point in a generation.
Unauthorized immigrants are more likely to be apprehended crossing the border than ever: The
median time between entry and apprehensions is now just 4 days.
The Border Patrol has doubled over the past decade, to over 21,000 agents in FY 2013.
CBP has constructed 651 miles of border fencing, over 99 percent of the Congressional requirement.
There is more technology monitoring the southern border than ever before, including close to
12,000 ground sensors, close to 300 remote video surveillance points, and close to 200 mobile video
surveillance points.
Deportations are at record levels
Deportations were already on the rise when President Obama took office, rising from only 189,000
people in 2001, to 360,000 in the final year of George W. Bushs presidency.
Over the past 6 years, the Obama administration has deported an average of 400,000 people per
year, including 438,000 in FY 2013.
The Obama administration has put a focus on border enforcement first: Removals at the border
under President Bush had fallen to only 53 percent of all deportations in 2008, but by 2013, they
accounted for 70 percent of all deportations.
Executive action will not change the focus on securing the southern border
Allowing low-priority immigrants to come forward and request deferred action status, if they
register and pass background checks, continues the policy of prosecutorial discretion which
prioritizes recent illegal entrants and serious criminals. It ensures that the focus is on serious threats
to community safety rather than otherwise law-abiding immigrants.
A program of deferred action will further focus the administrations efforts on tracking down serious
offenders, allowing immigration enforcement agencies to focus on them first and foremost.

11

Even as the president is protecting low-priority immigrants from removal, enforcement and removal
will continue unchanged. The administration will continue to deport people who enter without legal
status, and will continue to secure the border to keep them from entering in the first place.

12

Executive Action on Immigration Will Benefit State Economies

Alabama: 25,000 undocumented are eligible for deferred action under the presidents November 20th
executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary work permit, it
would lead to a $38.6 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Arizona: 104,000 undocumented are eligible for deferred action under the presidents November 20th
executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary work permit, it
would lead to a $100 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
California: 1,214,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $904 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Colorado: 70,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $180 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Connecticut: 30,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $31 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Florida: 181,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $102 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Georgia: 130,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $190 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Illinois: 214,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $347 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Indiana: 34,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $66 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Iowa: 14,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $23 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]

13

Kansas: 26,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $22 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Kentucky: 15,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $31 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Maryland: 60,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $114 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Michigan: 35,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $49.3 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Minnesota: 31,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $42 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Missouri: 21,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $27 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Nebraska: 15,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $16 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Nevada: 53,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $21 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
New Jersey: 150,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $136 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
New York: 258,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $184 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
North Carolina: 122,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the
presidents November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a
temporary work permit, it would lead to a $197 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]

14

Ohio: 25,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $41 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Oklahoma: 29,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $26 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Pennsylvania: 38,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $75 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Texas: 594,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $338 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Virginia: 66,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $106 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Washington: 82,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $57 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]
Wisconsin: 25,000 undocumented immigrants are eligible for deferred action under the presidents
November 20th executive actions on immigration. If these immigrants are able to receive a temporary
work permit, it would lead to a $19 million increase in tax revenues, over five years. [link]

15