Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Conditions for
imposition of
excise duty
Person liable to
pay excise duty
Rate of excise
duty
Basic excise duty is levied u/s 3(1) of Central Excise Act. The
section is termed as charging section. The general excise duty rate is
12.36% w.e.f. 17-2-2012 [12% excise duty and education cess 2% and
SAH cess 1%] (earlier it was 10% w.e.f. 27-2-2010 upto 17-3-2012 i.e.
total 10.3% including education and SAH cess [still earlier, it was
8.24% and still earlier, it was 14% i.e. total 14.42%].
Education
cess is payable @ 2% of the basic duty and Secondary and High
Education Cess is 1% of basic excise duty.
Goods and
excisable goods
Dutiability of
waste and scrap
Manufacture
Waste and scrap is final product for excise purposes. Waste and Scrap
can be goods but dutiable only if manufactured, are capable of being
sold and are mentioned in Central Excise Tariff
In Union of India v. Delhi Cloth Mills Co. Ltd. AIR 1963 SC 791
= 1963 Suppl (1) SCR 586 = 1977 (1) ELT (J199) (SC) (SC five
member constitution bench) it has been held that the manufacture means
bringing into existence a new substance. Thus, manufacture implies a
change but every change is not manufacture. A new and different article
must emerge having a distinctive name, character or use.
Deemed
manufacture
Who is
manufacturer
Classification of Goods
Classification of goods for Central Excise and Customs
Background of
Central Excise
Tariff
Steps in
classification of an
article
sub-groups.
Eight digit classification is termed as tariff item. Rate of duty is
indicated only against tariff item.
Classification is done on basis of GIR (General Interpretative Rules)
which are part of Tariff. Titles of sections and chapters are only for
reference. Section notes and chapter notes have overriding effect.
(1) Refer the heading and sub-heading. Read corresponding Section
Notes and Chapter Notes. If there is no ambiguity or confusion, the
classification is final (Rule 1 of GIR). You do not have to look to
classification rules or trade practice or dictionary meaning. If
classification is not possible, then only go to GIR. The rules are to be
applied sequentially.
(2) If meaning of word is not clear, refer to trade practice. If trade
understanding of a product cannot be established, find technical or
dictionary meaning of the term used in the tariff. You may also refer to
BIS or other standards, but trade parlance is most important.
(3) If goods are incomplete or un-finished, but classification of
finished product is known, find if the un-finished item hasessential
characteristics of finished goods. If so, classify in same heading Rule
2(a).
(4) If ambiguity persists, find out which heading is specific and which
heading is more general. Prefer specific heading.- Rule 3(a).
(5) If problem is not resolved by Rule 3(a), find which material or
component is giving essential character to the goods in question
Rule 3(b).
(6) If both are equally specific, find which comes last in the Tariff and
take it Rule 3(c).
(7) If you are unable to find any entry which matches the goods in
question, find goods which are most akin Rule 4.
(8) In case of mixtures or sets too, the procedure is more or less same,
except that each ingredient of the mixture or set has to be seen in above
sequence. As per rule 2(b), any reference to a material or substance
includes a reference to mixtures or combinations of that material or
substance with other material or substance.
(9) Packing material is classified along with the goods except when
the packing is for repetitive use Rule 5
General Principles
of classification of
an Article
Modes of
calculation of
excise duty
MRP provisions
are overriding
Assessable value
when MRP not
applicable
Deemed
manufacture of
products u/s 4A
Incorrect MRP
What is
transaction value
Transaction value is the price paid or payable for the goods at the time
and place of removal, by reason of, or in connection with sale,
inclusive of all expenses but excluding taxes [section 4(3)(d) of
Central Excise Act].
Transaction value does not include duty of excise, sales tax and any
other taxes on goods. Only taxes actually paid or payable are allowed
Even in case of products covered u/s 4A, where MRP provisions are
not applicable, valuation will be on basis of value u/s 4 i.e.
Assessable Value.
MRP provisions do not apply to free samples, package less than
10gm/10 ml, wholesale package or package above 25 Kg (50 Kg in
some cases)
as deduction.
If goods are cleared without payment of duty, the price is taken as
cum duty price and excise duty payable should be calculated by back
calculations CCE v. Maruti Udyog 122 Taxman 105 = (2002) 3 SCC
547 = 141 ELT 3 (SC 3 member bench). If there is additional
consideration, it will be added to invoice price and then duty payable
is calculated by making back calculations [Explanation to section 4(1)
of Central Excise Act]
Inclusions and exclusions in transaction value
Any amount charged is includible in assessable value if it is by reason
By reason of or in
of or in connection with sale of such goods.
connection with
sale of such goods.
Packing and design Duty is payable on packing charges and design charges related to
manufacture.
charges
Duty is payable in case of price escalation after clearance, but not
Price escalation
when price was final at the time of clearance. If there is price rise after
clearance of goods from factory, differential excise duty and interest
@ 13% is payable.
Trade discount is allowable as deduction from assessable value. Cash
Trade discounts
discount is allowable. Discount need not be uniform.
Notional interest on advances is includible only if there is evidence
Notional interest
that it has depressed the selling price.
on advances
Warranty charges Compulsory charges for after sale service during warranty period are
includible. After sale service charges which are optional are not
includible.
PDI and after sales Pre-delivery charges (PDI) and after sale service charges are not
includible if these are incurred by dealer out of his commission.
service
Price to be taken
as inclusive of
excise duty
Piercing corporate
veil
Valuation in case
of entire sale
through related
person
Even if the buyer does not fall within the definition of related
person, sale price to him can be rejected by piercing the corporate
veil. His selling price can be considered if it is found, by piercing
corporate veil, that the transaction is not at arms length i.e. price is not
the sole consideration.
If goods are sold solely through related person (except in case of inter
connected undertaking, unless there is holding subsidiary
relationship), valuation will be normal transaction value at which the
related buyer sales to unrelated buyer [rules 9 and 10 of Valuation
Rules]
If goods are supplied to related person for captive consumption,
valuation will be on basis of cost of production plus 10%.
Supply of goods to
related person for
captive consumption
Partial sale through
If sale is partly to related person and partly to unrelated person,
related person
valuation shall be done on reasonable basis by residual method
under rule 11.
If related person is only one of the buyers and substantial sales are
made to unrelated persons at same price, that price can be considered
for valuation in respect of sale to related person also.
scheme
Tariff value
[section 3(2) of
Central Excise
Act]
Administration of Central
Excise
Registration
Returns of production,
clearances and payment
of excise duty
Annual Financial
Information
Information about
Principal Inputs
Submission of List of
records
Changes in details of
assessee
Description
Who is
required to
file
Time limit
for filing
return
ER-1[Rule
12(1) of
Central Excise
Rules]
Monthly Return
by large units
Manufacturers
not eligible for
SSI
concession
10th of
following
month
ER-2[Rule
12(1) of
Central Excise
Rules]
Return by EOU
EOU units
10th of
following
month
ER-3[Proviso to
Rule 12(1) of
Central Excise
Quarterly
Return by SSI
Assessees
eligible for
SSI
10th of next
month of the
quarter
Rules]
concession
(even if he
does not avail
the
concession)
ER-4[rule 12(2)
of Central
Excise Rules]
Annual
Financial
Information
Statement
Assessees
paying duty of
Rs one crore
or more per
annum either
through PLA
or Cenvat or
both together
(Till29-92008, the
provision was
applicable
only when
payment
through PLA
alone was
more than Rs
one crore).
Annually by
30th
November of
succeeding
year
ER-5[Rules
9A(1) and
9A(2) of
Cenvat Credit
Rules]
Information
relating to
Principal Inputs
Assessees
paying duty of
Rs one crore
or more per
annum (either
through PLA
or Cenvat or
both
together) and
manufacturing
goods under
specified tariff
headings
(Till29-92008, the
provision was
applicable
only when
payment
through PLA
alone was
more than Rs
one crore).
Annually, by
30th April for
the current
year (e.g.
return for
2005-06 is to
be filed by304-2005].
ER-6 [Rule
9A(3) of
Cenvat Credit
Rules]
Monthly return
of receipt and
consumption of
each of
Principal Inputs
Assessees
required to
submit ER-5
return
10th of
following
month
ER-7 [Rule
12(2A) of
Central Excise
Rules]
Annual
Installed
Capacity
Statement
All assessees,
except
manufacturers
of biris and
matches
without aid of
power and ,
reinforced
cement
concrete pipes
Annually, by
30th April for
the previous
year (e.g.
return for
2010-11
should be
submitted
by30-4-2011
ER-8
[Sixthproviso to
Quarterly
Assessees
paying
Quarterly
within 10
Rule 12(1) of
CE Rules]
return
1%/2%
excise duty
and not
manufacturing
any other
goods
days after
close of
quarter
Form as per
Notification No.
73/2003CE(NT) [Rule
9(8) of Cenvat
Credit Rules]
Quarterly
return of
Cenvatable
Invoices issued
Registered
dealers
By 15th of
following
month
Half yearly
return of
taxable
services
provided
Person liable
to pay service
tax
Within 25
days from
close of half
year
ST-3 [Rule
9(10) of Cenvat
Credit Rules]
Half yearly
return of
Cenvat credit
distributed
Input Service
Distributor
Within one
month from
close of half
year
Container containing export goods should be sealed by excise officer. Self-sealing is permissible.
Merchant exporter has to execute a bond and issue CT-1 so that goods can be cleared without
payment of duty. Manufacturer has to issue Letter of Undertaking.
Export to Nepal/Bhutan are required to be made on payment of excise duty, except when supply
is against international bidding.
Rebate under rule 18 can be either of duty paid on final products or duty aid on inputs but not
both.
EOU has to issue CT-3 certificate for obtaining inputs without payment of excise duty.
Final products cleared on payment of duty can be brought back for repairs etc., by following
prescribed procedures.
Duty paid goods can be brought in factory for being re-made, refined, reconditioned or for any
other reason under rule 16.
If process does not amount to manufacture, an amount equal to Cenvat credit availed should be
paid [rule 16(2)].
If some self manufactured components are used, duty will have to be paid on such components.
Bonds
Assessee is required to execute bond for various purposes like obtaining goods without payment
of duty, clearance of seized goods etc. B-1 bond is for exporting without payment of duty, B-17
bond is for EOU.
Goods can be obtained at concessional rate of duty concessional rate of duty under Central Excise
(Removal of Goods at Concessional Rate of Duty for Manufacture of Excisable Goods) Rules, if
Export Procedures
Goods can be exported without payment of excise duty under bond under rule 19 or under claim
of rebate of duty under rule 18.
Excisable Goods should be exported under cover of Invoice and ARE-1 form. Export should be
within 6 months from date of clearance from factory.
Cenvat credit of duty paid on such goods can be taken, on basis of duty paying documents of such
goods.
duty
Detail
Purchases
110
165
Value Added
100
40
35
Sub-Total
100
150
200
10
15
20
Total
110
165
200
It can be seen that B is paying tax on ` 100 on which A has already paid the tax. B is also paying tax on ` 10 which is tax paid
by A.
Similarly, C is paying tax on ` 100 on which A and B have already paid the tax.
This is termed as cascading effect. This distorts the tax structure as tax burden depends on number of stages through which
goods passes.
End use exemptions cannot be given since even if exemption is granted to C in aforesaid example, the product cannot become
tax free as tax borne earlier on those goods cannot be known.
Transaction without
VAT
Transaction With
VAT
Details
Purchases
110
100
Value Added
100
40
100
40
Subtotal
100
150
100
140
Add Tax
10
15
10
14
Total
110
165
110
154
Here, B has purchased goods from A as usual, but in Vat system, he gets credit (set off) of tax paid by A. Thus, his net
purchase price becomes ` 100 only. His value addition is same as earlier i.e. ` 40. He pays tax of ` 14 on ` 140. However, he
has got credit of ` 10 (tax paid by A). Hence, effectively, he is paying tax of ` 4 only (i.e. 10% of ` 40 only).
Then it does not matter through how many stages the product passes, since at every stage, tax is paid only on value added
and not on entire transaction.
Further, total tax paid on the product is ` 14 out of which ` 10 are paid by A and ` 4 by B. Thus, if exemption is given to B,
the product can be made entirely tax free (e.g. for exports or for mass consumption goods or poor mans needs etc.)
Thus, Vat works on principle of granting credit (set off) of tax paid on input goods, input services and capital goods.
3 Highlights of Cenvat Credit
Cenvat (Central Value Added Tax) Credit is available of excise duty paid on input goods and service tax paid on input
services and excise duty paid on capital goods.
Instant Credit i.e. Cenvat credit of excise duty paid on input goods and service tax paid on input services is available
immediately on receipt of goods or services without waiting for its consumption.
Cenvat credit of excise duty paid on capital goods is available in two financial years @ 50% each.
Destination principle, Government really gets tax only when goods are finally consumed. Hence, it is termed as
consumption based tax.
One to one co-relation not required. Entire Cenvat of all eligible input goods, input services and capital goods can be
utilised for payment of any eligible excise duty on manufactured final product or taxable output services.
First part used by service provider for providing output service or by manufacturer used directly or indirectly in relation
to manufacture
Modernisation, renovation or repairs of a factory, premises of provider of output service or an office relating to such
factory or premises, advertisement or sales promotion, market research, storage upto the place of removal, procurement of
inputs (Continued)
Accounting, auditing, financing, recruitment and quality control, coaching and training, computer networking, credit
rating, share registry, security, business exhibition, legal services, inward transportation of inputs or capital goods and outward
transportation upto the place of removal.
6 Includes and In relation to
If the word include/s is used it means that the definition is not exhaustive but it is inclusive, i.e. it expands the
meaning
The expression in relation to is a very broad expression. These are words of comprehension which might both have a
direct significance as well as an indirect significance depending on the context.
If you are interested in case law in respect of interpretation of these terms, you may post your query on
www.taxmann.com/servicetaxqueries.aspx
7 Services in inclusive part of definition
These relate to procurement, marketing, administration, accounting, raising of finance, human resources.
All five resources i.e. M s Men, Material, Machines, Money and Minutes covered
Except services specifically excluded, all other services should get covered.
Input Services relating to setting up of original plant or office are not eligible.
Construction and works contract services for building, civil structure, laying of foundation or structures for capital goods
except when used for construction or works contract service itself
Renting of motor vehicle for transport of passengers is not eligible as input service except where motor vehicle is eligible
as capital goods
Services of general Insurance, servicing, repair and maintenance of motor vehicle where motor vehicle is not eligible as
capital goods
Exception Motor vehicles manufacturers of vehicles manufactured by them and insurance company of vehicles insured
by them can avail Cenvat credit of input services General Insurance, servicing, repair and maintenance of motor vehicle
All employee benefits such as Outdoor catering, beauty treatment, health services, membership of club, life insurance,
health insurance, travel benefits, LTA - used primarily for personal use or consumption of employee are not eligible.
9 Input Service Distributor Rule 7
If an assessee has more than one manufacturing plants and/or place of provision of services, he can transfer the Cenvat
credit of input services received at Head Office, Branch Offices or Depots to factories and places where service provided.
The HO, branches or depots have to register under Central Excise as Input Service Distributor (ISD), file returns etc.
They should issue monthly Invoice to distribute credit to factories and/or places of provision of service, on basis of
turnover of previous month/quarter
No credit where input service exclusively for exempted goods or exempted service
If only one factory or place of provision of service, then entire credit can be taken at that place by keeping proper records,
without registering as ISD.
Goods used for generation of electricity or steam for captive use eligible except LDO, HSD and petrol (furnace oil eligible)
All goods used in factory by manufacturer having some relation with manufacture
Accessories and warranty spares supplied along with main final product
Goods (and services) used for civil construction, foundation, structure not eligible except when used for works contract or
construction but not worth taking Credit
Motor vehicles are not inputs eligible as capital goods in some cases
Any goods (and services) like food or other items for personal use or consumption of employee not eligible
Cenvat credit reversal is required even if the input goods are written off fully or partially in books of account (if they are
slow moving or obsolete).
Not applicable when general provision made in books of account This is permissible as per Accounting Standards
Employee benefits.
Inputs on which Cenvat credit is availed can be removed for job work and brought back under Cenvat Credit Rule 4(5)(a).
Goods should be returned after job work within 180 days. If not, Cenvat credit on inputs (which were sent for job work)
should be reversed.
Dutiability of scrap at job workers place case law that duty liability of scrap is not of Principal Manufacturer but of job
worker
Capital goods (machinery, plant, spare parts of machinery, tools, dies, etc. ) as defined in rule 2(a), used for manufacture
of final product and/or used for providing output taxable service
Only those defined as capital goods eligible check chapter heads as specified in rule 2(a) before taking Cenvat Credit
Following capital goods are covered in clause (A)(i)of above definition Tools, hand tools, knives etc. falling under chapter
82 * Machinery covered under chapter 84 * Electrical machinery under chapter 85 * Measuring, checking and testing machines
etc. falling under chapter 90 * Grinding wheels and the like, and parts thereof falling under sub-heading No 6804 * Abrasive
powder or grain on a base of textile material, of paper, of paper board or other materials, falling under chapter heading 6805
Steel, cement for construction does not fall within definition of capital goods
Spare parts, components, tools , dies are covered under the definition though normally not capitalised in books of account
Capital goods obtained on hire purchase, lease or loan are eligible for Cenvat credit.
Capital goods should be used in the factory. Capital goods used outside the factory for generation of electricity for captive
use within the factory eligible
Service provider can use capital goods anywhere, but capital goods should be used for providing taxable service. Other
capital goods are not eligible for service provider.
3 Motor Vehicle as capital goods eligible for service provider
Motor vehicles and chassis designed for transportation of goods used for renting of vehicle, transportation of goods for
providing taxable service and courier are eligible.
Motor vehicles and chassis designed to carry passengers eligible if used for renting of motor vehicle, transportation of
passengers or training
Cenvat credit is available only in respect of tractors, special purpose motor vehicles, work trucks, bicycles, baby carriages
and trailers and parts and accessories of all motor vehicles
50% credit is available in current year and balance in subsequent financial year or years, except in case of SSI
Assessee should not claim depreciation on duty portion on which he has availed Cenvat credit. If value of machinery is ten
lakhs plus excise duty 1.236 lakhs, claim depreciation on ten lakhs only
6 Removal of capital goods after use
If capital goods are cleared after use, an amount payable by reducing the original Cenvat credit @ 2.5% per quarter i.e.
10% per year.(Higher reduction in case of computers)
If excise duty calculated on basis of transaction value of the old capital goods is higher, then amount equal to that duty
payable.
For example, capital goods were purchased on which Cenvat Credit availed was ` 1,00,000. These were cleared after use
for five years. Then amount to be paid (i.e. Cenvat credit to be reversed) is ` 50,000 (10% per year). However, capital goods
were sold for ` 5,00,000 on which excise duty payableat current rate of 12.36% is 61,800. In that case, amount payable will
be ` 61,800.