ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE

A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR

OMTEX STUDENTS
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

Person Present Past Tense Future Tense

Tense
Simple I person I do I did I shall do
(Indefinite) We do We did We shall do
II You do You did You will do
Person
III He does He did He will do
Person She does She did She will do
It does It did It will do
They do They did They will do
Continuous I person I am doing I was doing I shall be doing
We are doing We were doing We shall be doing
II You are doing You were doing You will be doing
Person
III He is doing He was doing He will be doing
person She is doing She was doing She will be doing
It is doing It was doing I t will be doing
They are doing They were doing They will be doing
Perfect I person I have done I had done I shall have done
We have done We had done We shall have done
II person Your have done You had done You will have done
III He has done He had done He will have done
person She has done She had done She will have done
It has done It had done It will have done
They have done They had done They will have done
Perfect I person I have been doing You had been doing You will have been doing
continuous
II person You have been doing You had been doing You will have been doing
III He has been doing He had been doing He will have been doing
person She has been doing She had been doing She will have been doing
It has been doing It had been doing It will have been doing
They have been They had been doing They will have been doing
doing

•
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

• Present Tense Sentences

○ Simple
○ Continuous
○ Perfect
○ Perfect Continuous
1. Simple Past Tense Sentences
1. Simple Present Tense Sentences
[3rd Person + Present tense + Singular → Verb + s] 1. I went to college.
1. I go to college. 2. I read a lesson.
2. I read a lesson. 3. I ate an apple.
3. I eat an apple. 4. Raja sang a song.
4. Raja sings a song. 5. I studied the lesson.
5. Sun rises in the east. 6. He opened the door.
6. Sun sets in the west. 7. You run away.
7. They jump. 8. Dog barked.
8. He opens the door. 9. I saw a book.
9. You run away. 10. He came from school.
10. He runs away. 11. He said to Raja.
11. He walks to the garden. 12. I received a message.
13. Raja danced beautifully.
2. Present Continuous Tense Sentences 14. They worked hard.
15. You caught.
is → singular
am → I 2. Past Continuous Tense Sentences.
are → plural
1. I was speaking
1. I am speaking. 2. Raju was sending.
2. Raju is eating. 3. You were teaching.
3. You are sleeping. 4. They were coming.
4. They are watching T.V. 5. We were dancing.
5. We are playing food ball. 6. He was thinking.

3. Present Perfect Tense Sentences. 3. Past Perfect Tense Sentences.

1. I have cut my nose. 1. The sun had set.

2. I have given money. 2. The show had begun.
3. I have a house 3. I had cut my hair.
4. We have brought.
5. He has sent it. 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense sentences.
6. She has sunk.
7. It has broken. 1. I had been eating.
8. They have taken. 2. I had been listening.
3. She had been running.
4. Present Perfect continuous Tense Sentences. 4. They had been reading.
5. You had been jumping.
1. I have been giving money.
2. I have been listening music. • Future Tense Sentences
3. She has been reading. ○ Simple
4. He has been running. ○ Continuous
5. They have been watching movie. ○ Perfect
○ Perfect Continuous
• Past Tense Sentences
○ Simple 1. Simple Future Tense Sentences.
○ Continuous
○ Perfect 1. I shall go to college.
○ Perfect Continuous 2. I shall study tomorrow.
3. We shall come.
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

4. You will run.

5. He will open. 3. Future Perfect Tense Sentences.
6. She will sing.
7. We shall eat. 1. I shall have eaten tomorrow.
8. It will come. 2. I shall have written my exercise.
9. Raju will sing. 3. They will have broken the car.
10. Raja sill come. 4. We will have known.
5. We shall have gone tomorrow.
2. Future Continuous Tense Sentences.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentences.
1. He will be eating.
2. I shall be going. 1. I shall have been eating.
3. They will be dancing. 2. Raju will have been reading.
4. They will be going. 3. Raja will have been studying.
5. Raja will be acting. 4. They will have been writing.
6. We shall be singing. 5. Raja will have been doing.
7. Rose will be winning the race.

I. Use able to / unable to II. Remove too

Can = Present Tense too → very, excessively, extremely

Could = Past Tense
1. I can play. (Use able to)
Ans. I am able to play.
2. I could play (Use able to)
Ans. I was able to play.
3. He could tell me. (Use able to)
Ans. He was able to tell me.
4. They could tell me. (Use able to)
Ans. They were able to tell me.
5. She can work. (Use able to)
Ans. She is able to work.
6. I can write a letter.
Ans. I am able to write a letter.
7. She could eat a mango.
Ans. She was able to eat a mango.
8. She could not eat sandwich.
Ans. She was unable to eat sandwich.
9. I cannot dance.
Ans. I am unable to dance.
10. I cannot write an essay.
Ans. I am unable to write an essay.
too ……to…… → so …… that ……cannot/ could not
Present tense, is, am, are → cannot.
Past tense, was, were → could not.
1. It is too hot outside.
Ans. It is very hot outside.
2. These books are too expensive.
Ans. These books are very expensive.
3. Raja is too fond of sweets.
Ans. Raja is extremely fond of sweets.
4. It is too sour.
Ans. IT is very sour.
5. The king was too infallible (perfect) to make a mistake.
Ans. The king was so infallible to make a mistake.
6. I am too tired to think of anything.
Ans. I am so tired that I cannot think of anything.
7. He spoke too fast to be understood.
Ans. He spoke so fast that one could not understand.
8. He is too proud to beg.
Ans. He is so proud that he cannot beg.
9. Hitler was too cruel to spare the Jews.
Ans. Hitler was so cruel that he could not spare the Jews.
10. The Chief Minister Mr. Raja was too busy to give us
an appointment.
Ans. The Chief Minister Mr. Raja was so busy that he
could not give us an appointment.
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A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

11. Parents now days are too busy to pay attention to their  I have lot of work to do. (noun)
children education.  He visits to the zoo. (verb)
Ans. Parents now days are so busy that they cannot pay  He earned good name. (Noun)
attention to their children education.
IV. Opposites with Prefixed and suffixes.
12. It became too dark to read easily.
Ans. It became so dark that one could not read easily. 1. able x unable (prefix)
2. complete x incomplete
III. Make sentences using the given words as 3. proper x improper
noun as well as verbs. 4. guide x misguide
5. regular x irregular
Noun = Name of place, animal, things. 6. ordinary x extraordinary
Verbs = Action. 7. social x anti – social
8. legal x illegal
1. Hand 9. encourage x discourage
2. Can 10. interior x exterior
3. Lock 11. agree x disagree
4. Cook 12. careful x careless (suffix)
5. Work 13. fearful x fearless
6. Visit 14. appear x disappear
7. Name 15. direct x indirect
16. perfect x imperfect
 Hand me the towel, please. (verb) 17. septic x antiseptic
 Raja’s hand is beautiful. (noun) 18. ability x inability
 You can do this. (verb) 19. useful x useless
 The can is full of water. (Noun) 20. important x unimportant
 Lock the door, before you leave. (verb) 21. call x miscall
 Key is with the lock. (noun) 22. national x international
 My mother cooks food. (verb)
 He is a popular cook. (noun)
 He works in call centre. (verb)

V. Affirmative and negative sentences

6. He had only his daughter with him.
Ans. He had no one except his daughter with him.

7. I do not remember. (Make it affirmative)

Ans. I fail to remember.

8. I did not remember.

Ans. I failed to remember.

1. I like to go to the seashore. (Make it negative.) 9. She does not remember.

Ans. I don’t dislike going to the seashore. Ans. She fails to remember.

2. He likes to go to the seashore. VI. Question Tag.

Ans. He don’t dislike going to the seashore.
1. I am in mood.
3. They like to go to the seashore. Ans. I am in mood, aren’t I?
Ans. They don’t dislike going to the seashore.
2. Let’s go for picnic.
4. It is useless. Ans. Let’s go for picnic, shall we?
Ans. It is not useful.
3. Let us go for cinema.
5. There is little hurry. Ans. Let us go for cinema, shall we?
Ans. There is no hurry.
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4. They always come in time.

Ans. They always come in time, don’t they?
5. We sit here every day.
Ans. We sit here every day, don’t we?
6. Vijay comes here right at 5.
Ans. Vijay comes here right at 5, doesn’t he?
7. They reached here yesterday.
Ans. They reached here yesterday, didn’t they?
8. That girl got the prize.
Ans. That girl got the prize, didn’t she?
9. I am not tired.
Ans. I am not tired, am I?
10. He does not attend the school.
Ans. He does not attend the school, does he?
11. Raji never mixes with her classmates.
Ans. Raji never mixes with her classmates, does she?
12. You should not blame him.
Ans. You should not blame him, should you?
13. I shall go to school.
Ans. I shall go to school, shan’t I?
14. We are not telling the truth.
Ans. We are not telling the truth, are we?
15. He will go to school.
Ans. He will go to school, won’t he?
16. Bring me food.
Ans. Bring me food, will you?
17. Show me your pen.
Ans. Show me your pen, will you?
18. Stay there.
Ans. Stay there, will you?
19. Open the door.
Ans. Open the door, will you?
VII. Exclamatory and Assertive Sentences.
1. What a wonderful story it was! (make it assertive)
Ans. It was a wonderful story.
4. He was very slow. (Make it exclamatory)
Ans. How slow he was!
5. It was a very lovely painting.
Ans. What a lovely painting it was!
6. How lucky I was!
Ans. I was very lucky.
7. What a lesson to be learned from Wilma!
Ans. It was indeed a great lesson to be learned from
Wilma.
8. He was an extraordinary human being.
Ans. What an extraordinary human being he was!
9. I am quite tired.
Ans. How tired I am!
10. I am very proud of my nice mother.
Ans. How proud I am of my nice mother!
11. You are absolutely right.
Ans. How right you are!
VII. Yes / No type questions.
1. The boy plays well.
Ans. Does the boy play well?
2. He wrote a letter.
Ans. Did he write a letter?
3. We pray every day.
Ans. Do we pray every day?
4. He plays at every night.
Ans. Does he play at every night?
5. He is not a fool to waste his time.
Ans. Is he a fool to waste his time?
6. She will certainly win the race.
Ans. Will she certainly win the race?
7. It would spoil the game.
Ans. Would it spoil the game?

2. How naughty you are!

Ans. You are very naughty.

3. How sweet!
Ans. It is really very sweet.
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

VIII. Degree of comparison.

Positive Comparative Superlative 5. Australia is one of the largest Islands.
Sweet Sweeter Sweetest Ans. Australia is larger than many other Islands.
Small Smaller Smallest Very few Islands are as large as Australia.
Tall Taller Tallest
Bold Bolder Boldest 6. Books are the best source of knowledge.
Clever Cleverer Cleverest Ans. Books are better than any other source of
Kind Kinder Kindest knowledge.
Young Younger Youngest No other source of knowledge is as good as books.
Brave Braver Bravest
Fine Finer Finest 7. Iron is stronger than many other metals.
Happy Happier Happiest Ans. Iron is one of the strongest metals.
Great Greater Greatest Very few metals are as strong as Iron.
Easy Easier Easiest
Wealthy Wealthier Wealthiest 8. No one is as lazy as Raja.
Hot Hotter Hottest Ans. Raja is lazier than any other.
Thin Thinner Thinnest Raja is the laziest of all.
Sad Sadder Saddest
Fat Fatter Fattest Note: - Whenever the comparison is made between two
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful persons or things there does not exist with superlative
Eminent More eminent Most eminent degree.
Industrious More industrious Most industrious
Ferocious More ferocious Most ferocious 1. Raja is sweeter than Raji.
Difficult More difficult Most difficult Ans. Raji is not as sweet as Raja.
Good Better Best
Well Better Best 2. Mumbai is not leaner than Chennai.
Bad Worse Worst Ans. Chennai is as clean as Mumbai.
Little Lesser Least
Much More Most 3. March is not as hot as June.
Many More Most Ans. June is hotter than March.
In Inner Innermost
Up Upper Uppermost 4. The rose smells as sweet as the lily.
Old Elder Eldest Ans. The lily does not smell sweeter than the rose.
Old Older oldest
5. The rose smelled as sweet as the lily.
Positive Comparative Superlative Ans. The lily did not smell sweeter than the rose.
No other than any other the happiest
Few other/ very than many / most one of the tallest 6. The roses smell as sweet as the lilies.
few other The lilies do not smell sweeter than the rose.

1. Raji is the richest woman in Mumbai. IX. Change the voice.

Ans. Raji is richer than any other woman in Mumbai.
No other woman in Mumbai is as rich as Raji. 1. I love
Ans. I am loved.
2. Swami Raja was one of the most eminent disciple of
ustad Amjat Ali Khan. 2. I warn.
Ans. Very few disciples of ustad Amjat Ali Khan were as Ans. I am warned.
eminent as swami Raja.
Swami Raja was more eminent than many other disciples 3. He calls.
of ustad Amjat Ali Khan. Ans. He is called.

3. Reading is the best form of recreation. 4. She permits.

Ans. Reading is better than any other form of recreation. Ans. She is permitted.
No other form of recreation is as good as reading.
5. They call.
4. Australia is the largest Island. Ans. They are called.
Ans. Australia is larger than many other Islands.
No other Island is as large as Australia. 6. I write.
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS
Ans. I am written.
7. We help.
Ans. We are helped.
8. They ask.
Ans. They are asked.
9. Raja loves Raji.
Ans. Raji is loved by Raja.
10. Vijay loves us.
Ans. We are loved by Vijay.
11. Surya loves me.
Ans. I am loved by Surya.
12. The cat kills the rat.
Ans. The rat is killed by the cat.
13. The cats kill the rat.
Ans. The rats are killed by the cat.
14. The cats kill the rat.
Ans. The rat is killed by the cats.
15. I write a letter.
Ans. A letter is written by me.
16. I write those letters.
Ans. Those letters are written by me.
17. He broke the glass.
Ans. The glass was broken by him.
18. He breaks the glass.
Ans. The glass is broken by him.
19. The C.M. received the P.M.
Ans. The P.M. was received by the C.M.
20. The peon delivered the letters.
Ans. The letters were delivered by the peon.
21. I closed the door.
Ans. The door was closed by me.
22. Raji wrote a letter.
Ans. A letter was written by Raji.
23. He will finish the work.
Ans. The work will be finished by him.
24. He will finish the work.
Ans. The work will be finished by him.
25. People will forget it.
Ans. It will be forgotten by people.
26. I shall invite you.
Ans. You will be invited by me.
27. The police will catch me.
Ans. I shall be caught by the police.
28. They will send me.
Ans. I shall be sent by them.
29. They have eaten the fruits.
Ans. The fruits have been eaten by them.
30. They have opened the window.
Ans. The window has been opened by me.
31. He has driven those cars.
Ans. Those cars have been driven by him.
32. I had written a letter.
Ans. A letter had been written by me.
33. She had painted a picture.
Ans. A picture had been painted by her.
34. He had cut those trees.
Ans. Those trees had been cut by him.
35. The teacher had taught the lesson.
Ans. The lesson had been taught by the teacher.
36. The teacher had taught the lessons.
Ans. The lessons had been taught by the teacher.
37. The teacher will have taught the lesson.
Ans. The lesson will have been taught by the teacher.
38. Vijay will have finished the task.
Ans. The task will have been finished by Vijay.
39. My friend will have bought a gift.
Ans. A gift will have been bought a gift.
40. I shall have written a letter.
Ans. A letter will have been written by me.
41. I am watching you.
Ans. You are being watched by me.
42. The Raman is building the wall.
Ans. The wall is being built by the Raman.
43. The teacher is teaching a new lesson.
Ans. A new lesson is being taught by the teacher.
44. My mother is cutting an apple.
Ans. Apples are being cut by my mother.
45. My mother is cutting apples.
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A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

Ans. Apples are being cut by my mother.

47. The gardener was cutting grass.

Ans. Grass was being cut by the gardener.

X. Model Auxiliary
1. ‘used to’ is used to express a discontinued habit

2. ‘could’ is used for showing possibility

3. ‘shall’ is used for request, intention, promise,

permission

4. ‘will’ is used for warning, order, instruction

5. ‘must’ is used for compulsion, obligation

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS
If there were no newspapers.
Newspapers are truly a habit. Every morning
it is delivered to your door step and you spend
nearly half an hour eagerly digesting the recent
happenings of the world, the country, the city and
the locality. If there were no newspapers, our daily
routine would be disrupted. The leisurely cup of tea
would no longer taste the same. Indeed, our very
mornings would no longer be the same.
The next change would be that we would be
less informed about our current affairs, the political
situation; the new stock marked downs and ups, etc.
Adolescents would be very disturbed to find that the
entertainment column is no longer at their fingertips.
They would have to waste time scouting the theatres
for movie of their choice. Stock marked investors
would miss their favourite page with the
innumerable quotations – the latest index figures of
their blue shares. Others would miss their favourite
comic strip, and sports enthusiasts would lament the
lack of coverage about the Wimbledon series.
The T.V. and radio could be seen as
valuable alternatives. Both of them would try to
offer many channels and the latest news every half –
an – hour. This would give us information with live
video coverage but the habit of reading would be
lost for ever. For many gown ups, the newspaper is
truly a gateway to the world. So for these people, a
world without newspaper is a disaster that must
never happen!
A Road Accident I Witnessed.
I waited at the footpath to cross the road. An
old woman stood a little ahead, and was quite busy
counting some coins in her hand. Suddenly, she
turned and lost in her own thoughts, she stepped on
to the road. What followed is a terrible that is nearly
impossible to describe. A jeep coming at high speed
hammered her down, and the old woman lay in a
crumpled heap in the middle of the road.
She was badly hurt on her forehead and
blood flow out like a spring. With a start, I realised
that she was dead, and that death had been on the
spot. A small crowd had gathered, and the jeep
owner was trying to prove his innocence, but nobody
was prepared to listen. They were all convinced that
it was his rash driving that had caused her death.
Luckily for him, the police station was quite near,
and a constable soon appeared and took charge.
Otherwise a physical beating would also have taken
place.
The ambulance arrived and the old woman’s
body was carried away. Someone mentioned that she
lived in a nearby chawl and had two sons. They also
said that she was slightly deaf. Whatever the reason
for the accident, I felt that was an example of tidy
the forces of fate also rule our lives. Logically, it
was her inability to look after herself but as a
traditional Indian I felt that her time on earth had
ended. The accident was merely an excuse!
If I were a Teacher
When I was young, I was fond of playing
the role of a teacher. I would imagine a class of
children in front of me, a black board on the wall
and myself - an ideal teacher. Everything was
imaginary except the ruler in my hand.
If I were a teacher, I would give greater
importance to make the children understand the
worth of polite speech and decent behaviour. I
would never go late to class; I would avoid taking
casual leave as far as possible.
When I would enter the class I would
propose them the time and expect them to propose
me in return. ‘Good morning, children’ would be the
beginning of the day. I would plan the lesson well
and ensure that every child had understood the day’s
topic. I would give special attention to the weaker
students, unlike some teachers who only care for the
clever children and neglect the below average ones. I
would consider it my duty to analyse and solve the
problems of every child without any partiality.
I would not approve of learning by heart. I
would try to make every lesson interesting by giving
practical examples from every day life. The children
would be encouraged to collect information from
newspapers and magazines. I would encourage the
children to participate in games, sports and cultural
activities.
It would be my principle never to make any
personal remark which would hurt any child’s
feelings. I would never tolerate selfishness, rudeness
or dishonesty. I would encourage them to love their
home members and their friends, and make them
happy.
Throughout my career as a teacher, my aim
would be to encourage in every child real and noble
values of life and raise them into a responsible and
productive citizen of the world.
Life in a crowded city/ City life
A city is the centre of trade, commerce,
industry and education. It is the foundation of
administration. It is, therefore, full of activity,
movements and changes. A city no doubt offers
many tempting comforts and conveniences,
pleasures and pass - times, openings and
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS
opportunities, and that is why people from all over
the country - side are pouring into it in thousands.
In a city, there are schools, colleges, classes,
business houses and technical institutes, hospitals,
charitable institutions, hospitals, cinemas, play -
grounds, stadiums, parks, gardens and easy means of
transport and communication. If we have sufficient
money, we can have the best food and clothing, the
best accommodation, the best education, the best of
medical treatment and the best of entertainment.
In spite of all these good points, city - life is
far from being happy. The city is overcrowded,
stuffy, noisy, dusty, filthy and smoky. Life is spoiled
by evils like pollution, slums, noise, corruptions and
crime. Life in a city is rushed and worried. In a city
money is worshiped and money is indeed the root of
all evils.
Thus we can say that, a city where everything is
possible, especially, the impossible.
Where lovers love first and then marry.
Where there is a place for every Tom and Jerry.
Where Telephone bills make a person ill.
Where carbon dioxide is more than that of oxygen.
Where the toad is considered to be a dust – bin.
Where the college canteen is full and classes are
empty.
Where cycles reach faster than cars.
Where skyscrapers overlook the slum.
Where houses collapse, as the monsoon comes.
Where Doordarshan tries to compete with BBC.
Where the policeman, looks like a businessman.
Where there is more water in the pen than ink.
Where the beggars become rich soon.
Where the roads are levelled when ministers
arrive,
Otherwise is like an Essel World ride.
Where a person is praised after he dies.
Where college admission means hard cash.
The city with its crazy race for money and
pleasures does not provide proper environment for
an all - round development of the young. Some of
the young - city dwellers fall into bad company, take
to smoking, drinking, gambling, drug taking etc.
These conditions of a city - life pose a grave threat
to social peace and national progress. A society
filled with crime and violence can never hope to
progress and flourish. A city - life is more prone to
all these evils than the peaceful and placid country
life. It is precisely for this reason that it is said “God
made the country and country made the town”
Pollution
Pollution is the price we are paying for
modern civilization and material progress. Pollution
means making unclean or dirty. Pollution is our
enemy number one today. There is pollution
everywhere, in the atmosphere, on land, in the seas
and rivers. Our air is polluted or made unclean by
smoke, gases and chemicals produced by vehicles,
and factories, and by the use of various chemicals.
Besides this, there is noise pollution in big cities
resulting from the noise of vehicles, machines,
loudspeakers and crackers. Sound pollution may
lead to permanent loss of hearing sense.
Tonnes of industrial and chemical waste
carelessly dumped into our rivers, lakes and seas kill
fish and other aquatic life. Polluted water destroys
plant life. It damages the soil and makes it useless.
Atomic radiation also pollutes the air and poses
terrible health hazards. Radioactive pollutants are
most dangerous as they affect human chromosomes
and bring about permanent hereditary disorders.
Unplanned growth of cities brings about more and
more slums where dirt, disease and death breed.
Pollution pollutes the air and harms the
ozone layer of the earth which protects us from the
UV – radiation of the sun. If the ozone layer is
destroyed, mankind will perish through the harmful
radiation of the sun.
We must take immediate and effective steps
to fight against pollution. We must reduce vehicular
and factory smoke. We must shift industries from
the cities; we must find some efficient system for the
quick disposal of garbage. We must stop the
dumping of chemical wastes into our rivers, lakes
and seas. We must grow more trees, protect our
forests, and have more gardens and open spaces.
People should be more concerned about the
continuing pollution of the environment. The sooner
effective steps are taken the better it will be for
mankind.
An Hour on a Railway Platform
The Indian railway is one of the largest in
the world. It has its own share of achievements.
There are also some problems like accidents, delays,
manpower shortage, shortage of space and so on.
One such problem is lack of punctuality. Thousands
of people from all over India are affected when a
train is late or is delayed.
Once our family had gone to Solapur for a
few days. On our return we planned to catch the
‘Jayanti Janata Express’ from Solapur to Bombay.
The train was supposed to be arriving at 7.50 p.m.
We were at the station by 7 p.m. There was an
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announcement over the public address system that
“For your kind information, the Jayanti Janata
Express is expected to arrive at 8.40 a.m. with a
delay of 50 minutes because of some derailment. We
are sorry for your delay in schedule”. After hearing
the announcement I started to read magazine which I
kept with my self.
I soon lost interest in the magazines and
wondered how I could spend the time. I was restless.
Then I began noticing the people around me. The
vendors at the stalls were all busy, some arranging
their wares and some were cooking. Some
passengers on the platform were checking their
luggage. There were beggars counting their money.
The sweepers were doing their jobs. There was an
electrician repairing some connection. He was being
helped by another man, also in uniform. Some
porters were sleeping, others talking and playing
cards.
The Station Master came out of his office
and went into the next office. I wondered why, so I
got up and had a look. He was talking to the
telegraphist. Others were coming to report to the
station master and going about their work.
I started observing and wondering how the
stations were run so smoothly. I was amazed when I
thought of the many employees and people working
night and day to keep the railways and all the
thousands of stations and kilometres of rail tracks, in
working order. I also saw something of the life of
the number of people who lived off the railways and
of people whose life and livelihood depended on the
travellers and the railways.
When the train arrived almost 1.30 hrs. Late,
I did not realize how late it was! Because I was so
interested in what I was observing. I never thought a
1.30 hours delay could turn out to be so enjoyable,
interesting and educative.
My Garden
I have a garden running right round my
house. In the front are the flowers and bushed.
Behind is the vegetable patch. Daddy and I take care
of the front part of the garden. Mother tends the
vegetables. In front of our house you will find rose
bushes, sunflower plants and violets. We have
planted hedges all along the borders. We trim them
regularly. Dead leaves and the rubbish are used as
fertilizer for the soil. We water the plants every day.
In the evenings, I sit on a swing in the mogra tree.
Bubuls, Mynahs and sparrows chirp in the branches.
I feel very peaceful and happy, here, in my own
garden.
If I Were a Principal of a College
I was very happy when my S.S.C. Results were
announced. I have passed with first class. I wanted
to go to a good Commerce College. I got admission
in a city college.
I had formed some idea of what college life
was going to be like. These ideas came from my
friends in college and from films. I went to college
on the first day feeling a little nervous. I soon
realized that college was really quite different from
what I had imagined. In some respects I was
disappointed.
In school we were over - protected and were
never allowed to do anything on our own. In college
we had the freedom to decide things for ourselves. I
found that a lot of students were misusing this
freedom.
If I were the Principal I would be a little
stricter about attendance. Even the weak students
stay away from the class because they think it
impresses others. They do not realise how foolish
they are. If I were the Principal I would take steps to
warn them, and inform their parents too.
Our Family Doctor
Doctor Marathe is our family doctor, and
much liked by everyone. He is a simple man, dresses
in an ordinary white shirt and pants, and wears
spectacles. He is there in his clinic for four hours
every morning and another four in the evening. He
treats all kinds of patients - the rich and the poor.
People all around have great faith in him. He has a
kindly, considerate nature and a ready smile for
every patient. He is helped only by an old
compounder who has long been in service with him.
No one has a bad word for Dr. Marathe. The
mention of him brings a light to everyone’s eye.
If I Were the Prime Minister of India
Our country, India, is going through a
difficult phase now, Though we are progressing
some fields we still see much corruption, suffering
and mismanagement. I wish I were the Prime
Minister of our country, to that, I could do
something about these problems.
First, I would gather a council of honest,
qualified and committed men as ministers. Their
worth would have been proven in the past. No
dishonest member would be chosen. Next, I would
end corruption !, Starting from the top and up to the
bottom. The punishment for corruption would be
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severe. The public would be informed not to tolerate
such people but to complain if they were
dissatisfied. Officers would be made accountable for
their employees performance. The whole concept of
accepting corruption as a part of life would have to
be changed. This would be the first item in the list of
priorities.
Today we are facing communal problems.
Riots and violence have become common. These
problems would have to be solved. I would start by
giving primary importance to education. To make
people aware of the results of such violence, I would
bring people face to face with the loss, suffering,
death and agony that such senseless action cause.
The punishment for anyone committing such acts or
being responsible for such acts would be at least ten
years in jail. The required amendments would be
made in the criminal code.
Today we find that people have little faith in
justice. Out courts are very slow. People have to
wait for years for their cases to come to court for
hearing and final judgment. I would put an end to
this by filling up the vacancies of judges existing
now and setting up more courts and appointing more
judges.
I would make sure that no one in India
starved or had difficulty for getting clean water to
drink. The poor would get foot at subsidized price.
Education for the backward classes and the poor
would be free or subsidized to a greater extent.
There are many other areas that would need
immediate attention. But I would give top priority to
the poor and to justice, above all others.
Travelling as a means of Education
There is no doubt that travelling broadens
one’s outlook and makes one more knowledgeable
and wiser. We learn much more in a short span of
time than we would ever learn in the whole of our
school life. One learns more by experience than by
being taught or by learning from books.
World’s best magazines or newspapers
cannot provide the knowledge of, or the thrilling
excitement of seeing the beauty of the beautiful
historical monuments such as the Taj Mahal.
To travel in one’s own country and see its
hills, mountains, rivers, valleys and forests and to
experience its different climatic conditions increases
the geographical knowledge of an individual. On the
other hand it arouses in us a sense of belonging and
love and unity when we meet people of different
castes, religion, speaking different languages,
following different customs and traditions. Even
History, becomes interesting on visiting the places
where Shivaji was crowned or where Tipu Sultan
was betrayed and killed. We feel proud of our rich
heritage.
Beyond India there lies a vast wonderful
world. It would indeed be wonderful, interesting and
educative to visit these foreign countries, experience
their different climates and visit different historical
places.
Apart from natural and historical sights,
travelling enables us to meet people of different
races and faces that make an individual open -
minded and tolerant. One’s outlook becomes broad
and progressive. Travelling removes prejudices and
builds universal goodwill and fellow feeling. It helps
us to become a citizen of the world.
Fortunately, today travelling has become
much easier with the increase of new modes of
transport and the emergence of thousands of travel
agencies for those who cannot set up their own
travelling plans. Government should grant more
facilities for the benefit of the people who cannot
afford to travel and enjoy the pleasures of travelling.
Those who can, should do as much travelling as
possible.
If there were no exams
‘Examinations’ the most dreaded word in
anybody’s life. The immediate thought that comes to
mind is studying hard and slogging. This is the
universal notion that all students have, pouring over
books, burning the candle at both ends.
Sometimes one wishes that there should be
no that these stressful moments would not be there.
It is very trying time which everyone has to undergo.
There are some intelligent students who are
unscathed but majority carry unpleasant memories.
What would the consequences be if there
were no exams? Students would be thrilled - the fear
of exams, the burden of hard work and sleepless
nights would be removed.
Let us weigh the pros and cons. The
evaluation of a student and the effort that every
person puts in, would never be realised. Students
would tend to take things lightly, not bothering to
put in regular hours of studying. There wo8uld be no
grades in fact these grades which are awarded to
students always encourage them and they try to
better their performance. Every average student feels
that he should accomplish something be an achiever
and one thing which should be remembered is that
hard work and sincerity always helps. On the other
hand, the student on his own may be tempted to
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work harder, knowing that he does not have to
compete, measure up to anyone’s yardstick. Without
exams, of course, there would be indiscipline as
students may take it easy, not be attentive in class,
giving rise to unruly behaviour and even lead to
illiteracy.
Trees - Nature’s Gift to Man.
Of all the living beings inhabiting this earth,
trees are out best friends. Mother Nature, in her
infinite wisdom, has gifted them to man to live in
harmony with him and to be of great service to him.
Besides fruits, trees provide important raw
materials for our industries. Industries provide
employment to people. The wood for furniture,
housing, railway carriages and ships come from
trees. Wood is also used for fuel and for making
charcoal which is used as fuel. From trees we get
wood - pulp to make paper and artificial yarns (like
nylon). Trees also give us products such as spices,
rubber, turpentine, eucalyptus oil and gum. We also
get honey and many valuable things for medicine
from forests.
We get so many things from forests that
forests are rightly known as ‘ green gold’ Trees
provide shade to tired travellers and animals and
shelter to innumerable birds and insects. Trees keep
the environment clean. They absorb harmful carbon
dioxide from the air and fill the atmosphere with
precious life - sustaining oxygen. In this way they
reduce air pollution. Therefore, trees are called the
lungs of nature. Forests retain humidity and attract
rains. There will be no rain if there are no trees. It is
for this reason that trees are known as rain catchers.
In fact, all our basic necessities like, air,
water, food, clothing and shelter come directly or
indirectly from trees. trees. If there were no trees,
there would be no rain and land would turn into an
arid desert. Mankind would perish for want of food,
drinking water, fresh air and sufficient humidity. So
we should ever remain grateful to trees.
The computer – its uses
The word, computer comes from the word
‘compute’, which means to count or calculate. The
computer has, therefore, been defined as a
mechanical or and electric apparatus capable of
carrying out repetitive and highly complex
mathematical operations at high speed. We are said
to be living in the Computer Age today.
Originally a counting gadget, the computer
has made tremendous advances, and can perform a
variety of tasks with the utmost efficiency. The
credit goes to Professor Howard Aitken of the
Harvard University, USA and a team of engineers
attached to the International Business Machine
Corporation. The year 1937 will go down in history
as marking the birth of the computer.
The computer does not work automatically.
It is not a substitute for human brain. The human
brain is capable of independent thinking; but not the
computer. It has to be fed with necessary data. It
works mechanically, not intelligently. The
computer has to be ‘programmed’, which means that
the necessary data have to be fed into it. It then
performs a number of mathematical functions. It
adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, sorts out,
compares, analyses, solved problems and furnishes
printed solutions. It can produce all these results
instantaneously. It is the instant calculator. It can
store information for future use. It has, therefore,
been called “memory bank”.
There are some people who have
apprehensions about the computer becoming the
supreme ruler one day and dictating the lives of
human beings. This is a groundless fear. The
computer has no consciousness of its own. It cannot
start by itself. It has no volition of its own, until it is
started by man. It is man, with his human
intelligence who can set it into motion. It is the
product of the human intelligence and will be
controlled by the human intelligence.
The annual prize distribution day
Once a year, we have a very rand function in
our school. That function is the Annual Prize
Distribution Day. It is always held in the second
week of December, just before the Christmas
vacation begins.
This year, it was held on Monday the 12th, in
the spacious school hall, which was beautifully
decorated. Mr. Dasgupta, the Chairman of the
Saraswati Education Trust, was the chief guest. He
arrived at the school with his wife exactly at 5 p.m.
The two were warmly received by the Principal.
Everyone gave them a standing ovation.
After everyone had settled down, the
Principal introduced the chief guest to the audience.
Then the secretary of the school read out the annual
school report. Next, the physical education teacher
read out the names of the prize winners who came,
one by one, to receive he prizes. I received two
prizes – one for elocution and the other as the best
student in my class. After the prize distribution, the
chief guest rose to speak. He praised the prize
winners for their achievements and asked other
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students to follow their examples. His speech was
lively, brief and full of encouragement.
This was followed by a variety
entertainment programme put up by students of
various classes. There were amusing skits and
interesting dances. Rairaj Mohite of Standard VIII
entertained the audience with his remarkable
mimicry. The Punjabi Bhangra dance was the most
exciting item.
In the end, the Vice – Principal proposed a
vote of thanks. The function ended with the National
Anthem. The memory of this happy occasion is still
fresh in my mind, especially because I received two
prizes.
Do we warming the globe?
Isn’t getting hot here? So, take off all your
clothes! You may laugh. Yes, these famous words of
Hollywood star, Nelly are truer than one might
think.
It’s really getting hot here. I mean world’s
average temperature is rising every year, which in
turn causes change in climate, rainfall patterns, rise
in sea, and a wide range of impacts on plants,
animals and humans.
These changes are having negative effects
on us. Carbon dioxide levels are 30% higher than
they were prior. According to NASA, the polar ice
cap is now melting faster. Arctic ice thickness has
decreased. The current pace of sea level rise is 3
times the historical rate and appears to be
accelerating. The number of hurricanes has almost
doubled in the last 30 years. More than a million
species worldwide could be driven to extinct by
2050. The current drought in Amazon is suspected to
be a result of rising ocean temperature.
Poverty and food scarcity has been tied to
this. It is all a critical global issue posing a serious
potential threat professionally called as Global
Warming. Global warming affects the world on
three – levels international, national and local. The
debate on the cause of this serious scenario is, some
say, that man has caused, others claim that it is
natural trend. We the survivor stand with the lot who
say the culprit for global warming is the record
levels of the leading green house gases – Carbon
dioxide, Methane, CFC, etc., which form a sort of
blanket over the earth.
We are warming the planet. We are living in
the midst of this great chemical experiment. Unless
we take steps to curb global warming, our planet, the
friends are all in grave danger. But there is hope.
Come let’s join. Each of us can make simple
discussions to reduce global warming pollution. So
my friends, we are going to put it in action.
Child labour & enforcement to
prevent child labour
In India, Jawaharlal Nehru’s birthday is the
only day when children are remembered and
celebrated as Children’s Day. Though Children’s
Day is celebrated every year in India, children are
still exploited and abused by the employer and
society.
Even after 60 year of independence to India,
still there is no liberty and freedom for poor
children. Though the Government of India has taken
step forward by enacting many laws like Child
Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986,
Mines Act 1952, Merchant Shipping Act 1958,
Motor Transport Workers Act 961, Apprentices Act
of 1961, Bidi and Cigar Workers Act 1966,
Plantation Labour Act 1951, Factories Act 1948, to
ban domestic work and other forms of labour by
children under the age of 14, the Indian authorities
have not been able to enforce these Acts effectively
for the prohibition of child labour. Even in the
Constitution of India under Article 24, it clearly
states that, “No child below the age of 14 years shall
be employed to work in any factory or mine or
employed in any hazardous employment.”
The Indian government has taken care that
children should be provided education until the age
of 14. Hence, the government proposed in 83rd
Constitutional Amendment Bill, 1997, guarantying
the right to free and compulsory education for
children from 6 – 14 years of age. It also made a
fundamental duty for parents / guardians to provide
opportunities for education to children in this age
group. Even the Directive Principles of State Policy
indicate that the government must take measures to
achieve the goal of free and compulsory education
for children under the age of 14 years. Article 45 of
the Constitution states that the State Shall endeavour
to provide, within a period of 10 years from the
commencement of the constitution, free and
compulsory education for all children till they reach
the age of 14 years.
Visit to a Fair
In India we celebrate many festivals and
every festival is celebrated in a different way. In
rural areas the highlight of a festival is a fair or a
‘Mela’ as it is locally called. Young or old everyone
looks forward to a fair, where you can have lots of
fun and variety of entertainment. In Mumbai too we
have fairs and one of the more popular ones is the
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‘Bandra Fair’ which celebrates the birthday of Mary
– the mother of Jesus. This festival jams on the 8th of
September. She is called the lady of the Mount as
the church is on a hill – called Mount Mary. This
fair attracts people of all faiths who to worship and
pray and enjoy the entertainment as well.
A walk along the fair brings you face to face
with variety of fun things. There are the Giant
wheels which attracts youngsters giving them a thrill
as they go spinning around the wheel. The Merry –
go – round is what children look forward to. There is
fun and laughter everywhere. Stalls selling
sweetmeats are a great attraction at fairs. Other stalls
sell clothes, jewellery items, knick – knacks toys,
shoes, anything under the sun is sold at fairs.
Children get fascinated with the balloons
and the bubbles and parents make happy them by
buying them all they ask. Indian foods like Tandoori
Chicken – Bhel Puri – Chana Masala are a hot
favourite. Another attraction at the fair is the fortune
teller, with a tarot card or the parrot. People who
want to know their fortune frequent these stalls.
Finally you have the photographers who take instant
pictures of people with artificial back drops.
Every one at some time or the other visits a
fair and every visit to a fair leaves a lasting memory
of fun.
The place of Women in Indian Society
Traditionally, there have always been no
attitudes towards women. Either it is that women are
weak, they must be protected, kept at home and
looked after – the daughter, the wife and the mother.
The other is – she must be worshipped. We see them
as goddesses – Lakshmi, Durga, Saraswati.
The place of women in Indian society today
is an ambiguous one. She has not totally stepped out
of the past exploitative role that the society had
designed for her. Today we have constitutional
guarantees, the legislation that makes a girl equal to
a boy, but social change is slow. We cannot
brainwash the parents and gender conditioning still
treats women as the weaker sex. The New Education
Policy had given importance to girl’s education. The
question sill remains – after almost 60 years of
planned development, in what way has the lives of
women really changed?
Millions o women are still illiterate. They
face dowry problems, malnutrition, discrimination,
offences of rape, violence in the home and outside.
There is a way to change this. Each educated
woman, to whom knowledge has been given, must
now understand the value of being a committed
citizen. They must question the value of traditional
practices. Above all, there must be generosity of
vision, a caring spirit that would like to reach out
and help the less fortunate. All women must be
prepared to be agents of change and instruments of
women’s liberation. Only then will Indian women
find their true equal place in society.
If there were no Electricity?
Electricity is one of the basic forms
of energy. Of all the forms in which energy exists
including motion, sound, heat, light and radio waves,
electricity is the most versatile (having many uses).
It can be generated from many different sources. It
can be sent almost instantaneously over long
distances, carrying either messages or power and it
can be converted simply and efficiently into other
forms of energy as needed.
Because of this versatility,
electricity plays a part in nearly every aspect of
modern life. It provides light and heat, and
mechanical power and makes possible the telephone
and telegraph, radio and television and countless
other necessities and luxuries. Nowadays, we take
gadgets like the light, fan mixer, oven, iron,
refrigerator, air conditioner so much for granted
without giving a thought to its working.
We often hear our grandmothers
talking of the good old days without electricity,
when one would rise with the dawn and sleep early.
All studying would be in the daylight hours; cooking
on wood - fire had its own flavour and meals would
be family meals to be eaten together at a fixed time
by candle light. Once when we had no electricity for
8 hrs. life came to a standstill. The bells didn’t ring.
The washing machine wend dead. TV sets was dark
and silent. The radio was just a box without voice.
The food spoiled. The electric clock about without
flashlights, knocking on each others doors instead of
ringing doorbells. Travelling by trains (electric)
would be affected leaving millions stranded. In other
words, chaos reigned supreme. Such power failures
are a housewife’s nightmares. Chores which are
quickly attended to remain unattended.
We are so dependent on electricity
and the comforts it provides, that without it we are
literally left in darkness. In this modern day such
black - outs are frequent because demand is more
than supply. Our population has increased manifold
and so has our consumption. Hence there is over -
loading and power breakdowns. The day is not far
off when we will face an acute power crisis.
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My Favourite Hobby.
A hobby is a kind of amusement, an
interesting pursuit which fruitfully occupies our
leisure hours. There are many kinds of hobbies
like collecting things, games and sports,
photography, painting, reading or even
gardening. Hobbies may be constructive,
lucrative or even useful, but what really matters
is that they provide constructive and interesting
recreation.
My favourite hobby is collecting stamps.
I have a lovely album in which I fix the stamps.
I have separate pages for each country. I also
have separate pages for stamps on birds,
animals, great leaders, historical movements,
etc. I have about 4000 stamps in all. My friends
and relations who are not stamp collectors
collect stamps for me. This has helped me to
collect stamps from all over the world. I also
exchange stamps with my friends. Whenever I
get two or three identical stamps, I immediately
try to exchange them for one that I do not have.
I have managed to collect some very rare and
old stamps. Whenever the postal department
issues a new stamp or a commemorative stamp I
see that I buy them.
There are many benefits from stamp
collecting. The birds, fishes, dresses, people,
buildings and other emblems on the stamps tell
us about the various countries, their culture, the
lifestyles of the people, etc. It thus broadens our
mental horizons and gives us a peep into
history.
Whenever I glance through my stamp
album and look at my rare stamps. I am filled
with a sense of pride and joy. My hobby fills my
leisure hours with interest and keeps my mind
well occupied. My hobby will continue and with
the passage of time, I am sure that I will have an
extraordinary large, stamp collection.
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October 96.
Your younger brother who is staying in a hostel has failed in the Terminal examination and has become nervous. He is
thinking to give up studies. Write a letter persuading him to continue the efforts and get success.
7G, Rainbow Colony,
M.G.Road,
Mahin (E),
Mumbai - 400 016.
5th Match, 2007
Dear brother Vijay,
I hope this letter of mine finds you in the pink of health. But what is this I hear about you? Are you really
seriously planning to give up your studies, just because you failed in the terminal examination? It would then be a rash
decision made without any fore-thought and careful reflection. A solitary failure should not dishearten you. It is not the end
of the world for you yet. You must count your blessings. You are full of bouncing energy and very much in the prime of your
youth. Should you decide to give up your studies, you will be a big loser. You will be tagged as a school drop - out.
Worse still, without adequate formal education, you will not be able to forge ahead in life. The prospects for
you anywhere and everywhere are bound to be bleak. Dearest brother, there is no point in being unduly nervous and diffident.
Keep on working and brush up your weak subjects then you are likely to pass your next examination with flying colours.
And what is more, this achievement is not beyond you. Your are quick on the uptake, this should make your
task much easier and simpler. I would now in all seriousness urge you to have second thoughts on your rather rash decision to
give up studies.
Yours lovingly,
ABC

March 1997
You had invited your friend for a vacation at your native place. Somehow he/she could not arrive in time in spite of his/her
assurance. Write a letter asking him/her about the reason and tell about your worries.

7G, Rainbow Colony,

M.G.Road,
Benson Town,
Bangalore - 560 005.
5th Match, 2007.
Dear Karthik,
I received your letter long ago confirming your decision to spend this vacation with us. We were all eagerly
waiting to see you. However, the vacation is almost over and we know that there must have been a strong reason for
cancelling the arrival.
Mother had special plans for us about spending holidays in Bangalore. Your busy life in Mumbai certainly
needed a little change and we had taken care of that in our plans which included an excursion to Krishnarajsagar where the
famous Brindavan Garden is. As this is the fag end of vacation and yet there is no sign of your arrival we lost hopes. Your
recent letter confirming your ticket reservation makes us all the more anxious to know as to the reasons for your last minute
cancellation. Our disappointment for your not coming has turned into anxiousness and we are all worried about you.
Everyone is forwarding his/her reasons for your sudden dropping the plans to come to Bangalore and I tell
you, more we think of the reasons the more worried it makes us all. Therefore, please write to us about the emergency that
caused your change in the plans.
We shall be anxiously waiting to hear from you.
Yours lovingly
ABC
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3. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper drawing his attention to the illegal parking of truck in your lane.

7G, Rainbow colony,

M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
5th March, 2009
The Editor,
Times of India News Paper,
Mumbai : - 400 001.
Subject: Complain against the illegal parking of truck.
Respected sir,
I have been the resident of the above mentioned area for the last twenty years. The people here are all
educated and go out to work and children go to school. I would like to bring to your notice that the roads in this area are fully
filled with illegal parking of trucks, that it becomes very difficult to even walk specially during the rains. Not only this even
the street lights are so poor, that it becomes very difficult for people to walk or take out their vehicles during late in the
evening.
One must be aware that how irresponsible is to park vehicles like trucks in the residential area. Hence I
request you to consider it and through your newspaper, I want to make one request to the concerned authority to consider this
matter as important park the trucks in some other non residential areas.
I shall be obliged if you publish my letter in your newspaper so that it catches the attention of the Councillor
of our ward and an urgent action is taken.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
X y Z.

Write a letter to enquiry to the manager of a travel agency about a proposed vacation trip you intend to make to Delhi, Simla
and Agra.
7G, Sonia Apartments,
Rainbow colony,
M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
5th March, 2007
The Manager,
The General travel agency,
Mahim (W),
Mumbai - 400 016.
Subject: Enquiry about a proposed vacation trip to Delhi, Shimla and Agra.
Respected sir,
I, XYZ, one of the teacher staff of our school. We teachers had a meeting with our Principal. The authorities
have agreed to give us the permission to conduct the vacation trip to Delhi, Shimla and Agra.
Kindly furnish us with the necessary details and the total cost for 500 students and 20 staff members. Also
send your quotations for other places.
Eagerly awaiting your reasonable quotation.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
X Y Z.
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE
A SELF – STUDY AND PRACTICE BOOK FOR
OMTEX STUDENTS

5. Your friend does not wish to join the N.S.S. As it involves a not of extra curricular activity. Write a letter to him/her
persuading him/her to join this unit, telling him/her of the usual work being done by the unit, what real educational meas etc.

7G, Rainbow colony,

M.G. Road,
Mahim(E),
. Mumbai:- 400 016.
5th March, 2007
Dear Sania mirza,
It was great hearing from you after a long time. Your holiday in the cool hills of Shimla seems to be
interesting and full of fun, however the contents of your letter has disturbed me and set me thinking. As a long standing
friend, I consider it my duty to give you my views and persuade you to follow your ideals.
You have always been interested in joining the N.S.S. why should the curriculum deter you? There can be
no field of study without extra - curricular activities. These activities help to develop your personality they will enable you to
grow into a fine young accomplished man.
Besides just think of the useful work you will be involved in the N.S.S. You were the one who always
wanted to do something useful, in the service of others and this is the ideal chance. Sania, think about it, it is your career your
are talking about. Don’t get put off with some extra - curricular activity, Be positive, Be brave and confidence will be yours.
Bye for now, do keep in touch I love hearing from you and treasure, your friendship.

Yours lovingly,
X Y Z