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Math 30-1 Review Sheet


Function
Type

General Function

Form

Original
Function

Horizontal
Stretch

y f ( x)

y f (bx)

Vertical
Stretch

y af ( x)

1
b

Mapped To ( x, y ) ( x, y )

Vertical
Translation

Combined
Transformation

y f ( x h)

y f ( x) k

y af b( x h) k

h 0 Shift Right

k 0 Shift Up

h 0 Shift Left

k 0 Shift Down

( x, y ) ( x h, y )

( x, y ) ( x, y k )

By Factor a

Wider: 0 b 1

No Effect

Effect

Horizontal
Translation

Vertical Stretch

Horizontal Stretch
By Factor

Study Smarter, Do Better

Shorter: 0 a 1

Narrower: b 1

Taller: a 1

Reflect y axis : b 0

Reflect x axis : a 0

( x, y ) x, y
b

( x, y ) ( x, ay )

O rde r o f O pe ra t io ns
1)Ho riz. stretch and reflectio n
2 )Vertical strech and reflectio n
3 )Ho riz. and vertical translatio ns

( x, y ) x h, ay k
b

y x

y bx

ya x

y xh

y x k

y a b( x h) k

y sin

y sin b

y a sin

y sin h

y sin k

y a sin b( h) k

y cos

y cos b

y a cos

y cos h

y cos k

y a cos b( h) k

Exponential

y cx

y c bx

y ac x

y c xh

y cx k

y ac b ( x h ) k

Logarithmic

y log x

y log bx

y a log x

y log x h

y log x k

Radical

Sinusiodal

Polynomial Functions

Remainder Theorem Multiplicity of Zero

Form: f ( x) an x n an 1 x n 1 an 2 x n 2 a2 x 2 a1 x1 a0

Even Degree

Odd Degree
At least 1 to maximum of n x intercepts

0 to maximum of n x intercepts

Domain x | x R

Domain x | x R
Range depends on max and min

Range y | y R

y -intercept ao

y -intercept ao

Maximum or Minimum

No max or min

an 0
Qua dra nt II to I

P( x)
R
Q( x)
xa
xa

Polynomial has factor x - a

x 2x 4
x 1 x3 3x 2 2 x 5

of multiplicity n
ex) y ( x 2) 2 x 2 is a zero of

repeated n times, x a is zero

x x
3

2 x2 2 x
2x 2x

an 0

an 0

an 0

Qua dra nt III to IV Qua dra nt III to I

y a log b( x h) k

multiplicty 2
Even Multiplicity

Odd Multiplicity

Touches the x-axis

Cuts the x-axis

ex) y ( x - 2) 2

ex) y ( x - 2)3

Q( x)

4 x 4

x2 2x 4

Radical Functions

Inverse of Function

Domain of y

Denoted by:

Range of y

f ( x) any value f ( x) 0
f ( x) any value

f ( x) 0

f ( x) 0

f ( x)

f ( x) and

y f ( x) intersect

Undefined

at x 0

Swap x
and y

f ( x) is defined

0 f ( x) 1
y

f ( x) above
y f ( x)

Solve Radical Functions Algebraically

y f 1 ( x)

( x, y ) ( y , x )
y f ( x) x f ( y )

f ( x) 1
y

f ( x) and

f ( x) 1
y

y f ( x) intersect

f ( x) below
y f ( x)

at f ( x) 1

Factor Theorem

1) List Restrictions

If x - a is a factor then P( a) 0

2)Isolate Radical and Square Both Sides

If P(a) 0 then x - a is a factor of P( x)

3)Find Roots of Equation (Solve for x)


4)Check solutions in original equation

Integral Zero Theorem

9
x 1
xa

Logarithmic and Exponential Modeling


Model Real Life Problems Using
Final Quantity=initial quantity (change factor) number of changes
y Final Quantity

y a bx

a initial quantity
b change factor
x number of changes

Pythagorean Theorem
a 2 b2 c2

Right Angle

Triangles Only

If x - a is a factor of P( x)
Then x a is an integral zero of P( x)

4x 5

Qua dra nt II to IV

Trig Identities

Sum

Double Angle

Function Notation

SOH CAH TOA

sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B

sin 2 A 2sin A cos A

h( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )

1
opposite
csc
sin
hypotenuse
adjacent
1
cos
sec
hypotenuse
cos
opposite
1
tan
cot
adjacent
tan

cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A

tan A tan B
tan A B
1 tan A tan B

cos 2 A 2 cos 2 A 1

h( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )

cos 2 A 1 2sin A

h( x) ( f g )( x)

Pythagorean Identity

cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B

sin 2 cos 2 1

tan A B

sin

1 tan 2 sec 2

Difference
sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

Exponent Rules

1 cot 2 csc 2

a a a
b

bc

b c

h( x) ( f g )( x)

ab
a b c
ac

bc

tan 2 A

2 tan A
1 tan 2 A

h( x) f ( x) g ( x) ( f g )( x)

Log Rules

f ( x)
log c MN log c M log c N h( x) g ( x)
M
log c
log c M log c N h( x) f ( x) g ( x) 0
N
g

log c M

log a M
log a C

h( x) f ( g ( x)) ( f g )( x)

y sin

Max is 1 and Min is -1


Amplitude is 1

= sin
Properties

Trigonometry and Unit Circle

Period is 2
y -intercept is 0

intercepts at - ,0, , 2
Domain | R
Range y | 1 y 1, y R

y cos

1
ab

Coterminal Angle

a r

CAST rule
Period

360 n, n N
2 n, n N

Amplitude

b of second kind that are identical


n!
can be arranged in
ways
a !b !

11/26/13

3 5
intercepts at - , , ,
2 2 2
Domain | R

Range y | 1 y 1, y R

Binomial Theorem

# of Coefficients (n 1) row of Pascal's Triangle

+'ve x

a of one kind that are identical and

n!
, n N
(n r )!r !

y -intercept is 1

n objects with

Cr

Period is 2

Angle Direction

n ! n (n 1) (n 2) 3 2 1

n!
, n N
n Pr
(n r )!

2 360
or
b
b

Amplitude is 1

Max Value - Min Value


2

Permutations and Combinations

Max is 1 and Min is -1

= cos
Properties

a b

Pascal's Triangle

NOTE
0! 1

n objects to choose from

Combinations

1
1

-'ve x

1
1

2
3

4
5

0C0

1C0

1
3

6
10

2C0

1
4

10

3C0

1
5

4C0

1 5C0

3C1
4C1

5C1

1C1
2C1

2C2
3C2

4C2
5C2

3C3
4C3

5C3

4C4
5C4

5C5

r number of items taken

Properties of Binomial Expansion of ( x y ) n N

Order MATTERS

Write Expansion in descending order of exponent of first term (In this case x)

n objects to choose from

Term number is k 1

r number of items taken

Expansion contains n 1 terms

Order DOESN'T matter

Sum of exponents in any term n

General Term Number


tk 1 n Ck ( x) n k ( y ) k
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