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Jewish Population of Europe in 1933

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Three generations of a
Jewish family pose for a
group photograph.
Vilna, 1938-39.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

JEWISH POPULATION OF EUROPE IN 1933


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In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe was about 9.5 million. This number
represented more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population at that
time, estimated at 15.3 million.

The majority of Jews in prewar Europe resided in eastern Europe. The


largest Jewish communities in this area were in Poland, with about
3,000,000 Jews; the European part of the Soviet Union, with 2,525,000;
Romania, with 980,000; and the three Baltic states, with a combined Jewish
population of about 255,000 (95,000 in Latvia, 155,000 in Lithuania, and
5,000 in Estonia).

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005161 (1 of 3)1/23/2008 7:05:51 AM

Jewish Population of Europe in 1933

In prewar central
Europe, the largest
Jewish community
European Jewish population distribution, ca. 1933
was in Germany,

See maps

with about 525,000 members. This was followed by Hungary with 445,000,
Czechoslovakia with 357,000, and Austria with 250,000. In western Europe
the largest Jewish communities were in Great Britain, with 300,000 Jews;
France, with 220,000; and the Netherlands, with 160,000. In southern
Europe, Greece had the largest Jewish population, with about 73,000 Jews.
There were also significant Jewish communities in Yugoslavia (70,000), Italy
(48,000), and Bulgaria (50,000).

Before the Nazis seized power in 1933, Europe had a dynamic and highly
developed Jewish culture. In little more than a decade, most of Europe
would be conquered, occupied, or annexed by Nazi Germany and the
majority European Jews--two out of every three--would be dead.

Describes prewar Jewish


community life in Ansbach
Personal stories

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005161 (2 of 3)1/23/2008 7:05:51 AM

Jewish Population of Europe in 1933

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Copyright United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.


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