UNDERSTANDING FOOD

Nutritional Education with Data

15.071x The Analytics Edge

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
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1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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2009
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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2010

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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2010

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
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2005
2006
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10

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
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1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
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2005
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11

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
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1994
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1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
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12

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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2010

13

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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14

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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15

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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2006
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16

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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2010

17

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

18

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

19

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

20

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

No Data

<10%

10%14%

15%-19%

20%-24%

25%-29%

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

30%

1990
1991
1992
1993
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1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
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Obesity

More than 35% of US adults are obese

Obesity-related conditions are some of the leading

causes of preventable death (heart disease, stroke, type II
diabetes)

Worldwide, obesity has nearly doubled since 1980

65% of the worlds population lives in countries

where overweight and obesity kills more people than
underweight

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

22

Nutrition

Good nutrition is essential for a persons overall

health and well-being, and is now more important
than ever

Hundreds of nutrition and weight-loss applications

15% of adults with cell phones use health applications

on their devices

These apps are powered by the USDA Food

Database

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

23

USDA Food Database

The United States Department of Agriculture

distributes a database of nutritional information for
over 7,000 different food items

Used as the foundation for most food and nutrient

databases in the US

Includes information about all nutrients

Calories, carbs, protein, fat, sodium, . . .

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

24

Summarizing by Group: tapply

The tapply function takes three arguments

tapply(argument1, argument2, argument3) !

Group argument 1 by argument 2 and apply argument 3

To compute the average amount of iron, sorted by

high and low protein
tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE) !

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

What exactly does tapply do?

Iron

HighProtein

0.27

12.8

1.44

0.38

4.50

2.29

HighProtein = 0

Food

HighProtein = 1

tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE) !

Iron
12.8
1.44

Mean

2.29

Result
5.51
1.72

Iron
0.27
0.38

Mean

4.50

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

Summarizing by Group: tapply

The tapply function takes three arguments

tapply(argument1, argument2, argument3) !

Group argument 1 by argument 2 and apply argument 3

To compute the average amount of iron, sorted by

high and low protein
tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE) !

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data

What exactly does tapply do?

Iron

HighProtein

0.27

12.8

1.44

0.38

4.50

2.29

HighProtein = 0

Food

HighProtein = 1

tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE) !

Iron
12.8
1.44

Mean

2.29

Result
5.51
1.72

Iron
0.27
0.38

Mean

4.50

15.071x Understanding Food: Nutritional Education with Data