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Createahistoricalquestionthatwilldirectyourresearch:
HowdidNelsonMandelafightforequalityinSouthAfrica?
Credible(reliable)sourcesALLendswith.orgorgovor.edu
PrimarySource(atleast5):Sourceswritten/createdatthetimeoftheeventi.e:diaries,
newspaperarticles,pieceofart,statue,interviewwithsomeonewhowentthroughan
event.photographs,autobiographies
SecondarySource(atleast5):Sourceswrittenmorerecentlyaboutatopic,many
books,websites,textbooks,newspaper,magazinearticleswrittenrecentlyabouta
topic.Interviewwitharelativeofapersonwhoexperiencedanevent.(Biographies)
Backgroundinformation:
Links:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela<onlyuseforbackgroundinformation,
notasasource
http://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography
http://nelsonmandelafightingforequality.weebly.com/humanrightsreform.html
http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voicesforhumanrights/champions/nelsonmande
la.html
http://www.anc.org.za/list_by.php?by=Nelson%20Mandela
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mandela/mandelaspeech.html
http://www.nelsonmandela.org
1
Books:
Research(Facts):
primarysource:IamtheFirstAccused.IholdaBachelor'sDegreeinArtsand
practisedasanattorneyinJohannesburgforanumberofyearsinpartnership
withOliverTambo.I'maconvictedprisonerservingfiveyearsforleavingthe
countrywithoutapermitandforincitingpeopletogoonstrikeattheendofMay
1961.NelsonMandela.Website:
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mandela/mandelaspeech.html
secondarysource:AmemberoftheAfricanNationalCongresspartybeginning
inthe1940s,hewasaleaderofbothpeacefulprotestsandarmedresistance
againstthewhiteminoritysoppressiveregimeinaraciallydividedSouthAfrica.
http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/madiba
secondarysource:NelsonMandela,whileincreasinglypoliticallyinvolvedfrom
1942,onlyjoinedtheAfricanNationalCongressin1944whenhehelpedtoform
theANCYouthLeague.www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography
secondarysource:In1944,hejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)and
activelyworkedtoabolishtheapartheidpoliciesoftherulingNationalParty.
secondarysource:HethenjoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC).Ithad
beenfoundedin1912tofightforblacksrightsinSouthAfrica.TheANCused
theprinciplesofnonviolentprotestdevelopedbyMohandasGandhiinIndia.
WithintheANC,MandelaandotheryoungmembersformedtheAfricanYouth
League.Hemastermindedaseriesofdemonstrationsinwhichvolunteers
deliberatelybrokeapartheidlaws.Thegroupsadoptedaprogramofreforms
knownastheFreedomCharter.
primarysource:Becausetheguardsofsegregationwereeverywhereinthe
whiteworld,andIsawblackpeoplewhounwittinglydisobeyedthemcursed,
beatenorthrowninjail,IbecameincreasinglyselfconsciouswitheachstepI
took.
Primarysource:InauguralAddressSouthAfricasfirstallraceelectionsheldin
April1994,producedthenationsfirstblackpresident,NelsonMandela.We
pledgeourselvestoliberateallourpeoplefromthecontinuingbondageof
poverty,deprivation,suffering,genederandotherdiscrimination.Wesucceeded
totakeourlaststepstofreedominconditionsofrelativepeace.
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Secondary:ApersonlikeMandelahasNOLIMITATIONSinregardstohowand
whenagoalistobecompleted.Website:
http://nelsonmandelafightingforequality.weebly.com
Primary:"Ihavefoughtagainstwhitedomination,andIhavefoughtagainstblack
domination.Website:
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2013/0624/5bestbooksbyNelsonMandela/LongW
alktoFreedomTheAutobiographyofNelsonMandela
Primary:
HowwasNelsonMandelaaLeader?
NelsonMandelatrainedasaLawyer.Hegrewintopoliticsbecausehesawandheard
hispeoplesaythattheyfeltmorefree.NelsonMandelaisoneoffewstatesmentohave
achievedalmostuniversalrespectaroundtheworldandacrossthepoliticalspectrum.
Pictures:
NelsonMandelain1918,whilehewasa
triballeader.
http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica20713377
http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/madiba
AnnotatedBibliography
1.Mandela,NelsonR.""IAmPreparedToDie"""IAmPreparedtoDie"(NelsonMandela's
StatementattheRivoniaTrialin1964).JSTOR,20002014.Web.20Nov.2014.
Annotation:InthisarticleNelsonMandelatalksabouttheequalitythatAfricansdeserveand
healsomentionstheANCorganizationthathewaspartof.Thishelpswiththetopicbecause
ithelpsthereaderunderstandwhatNelsonMandeladidandfoughther.
2.AfricanNationalCongress(ANC)."EncyclopaediaBritannica.N.p.:Encyclopaedia
Britannica,2011.15.EncyclopaediaBritannicaOnlineSchoolEdition.Web.12Nov.2012.
<http://school.eb.com/eb/article9003946?query=nelson%20mandela&ct=null>.
Annotation:ThisarticleisaboutwhattheAfricanNationalCongressactuallyis.Ittalksabout
alltheproblemsthatNelsonMandelafacedwhentryingtogettheorganizationtogether.This
sourceisreallyreliablebecauseitsinformationisbasedsolelyonrealfacts.
3."NelsonMandela'sAddresstoaRallyinCapeTownonHisReleasefromPrison."African
NationalCongress.ANC,n.d.Web.14Nov.2012.
<http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=4520>.
Annotation:ThisarticleisadirectspeechfromNelsonMandela.Hetalksaboutwhatheis
thankfulforandwhathappenedwhilebeinginprison.Howitchangedhim.Thissourceis
reallyimportantbecauseitgivesusabetterunderstandingonwhatNelsonMandelafelt?
4."NelsonRolihlahlaMandela."EncyclopediaofWorldBiography.Detroit:Gale,1998.
StudentResourcesinContext.Web.17Nov.2014.
Annotation:ThisarticletalksabouthowNelsonMandelaroseuptopoliticsandhowhetried
everythingtodestroyapartheidinaverypeacefulway.Thisisimportanttototheproject
becausethewaythatNelsonMandelatriedtobringequalitywasinpeacefulmanners.
5.Arias,Oscar."NelsonMandela,NobelPeacePrize,SouthAfricanPresident:YouthFor
HumanRightsChampion."NelsonMandela,NobelPeacePrize,SouthAfricanPresident:
YouthForHumanRightsChampion.YouthforHumanRightsInternational,20022014.Web.
23Nov.2014.
Annotation:InthissourceitinformsusabouttheresistancethatNelsonMandelaheldupand
howhedidntwanttogiveuphispositioninthepoliticsbecausehelovedwhathedidthat
much.ThiscanbeusefultothetopicbecauseitshowshowNelsonMandeladidntgiveup
andevenafterallthoseyearsofimprisonmenthestillfoughtbackwithpolitics.
6.Tambo,Oliver."NoEasyWalktoFreedom."Anc.org.za.ANC,1June1965.Web.3Dec.
2012.<http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=4275>.
Annotation:Tambo,OliverwasaclosefriendtoNelsonMandelaandthatmakesthissources
completelyreliableandcredible.HeusesdirectquotesfromNelsonMandelahimself.Oliver
Tambowasaleaderhimself,andhecanrelatetoNelsonasaleadertoo.
7."BiographyofNelsonMandela."BiographyNelsonMandelaFoundation.Nelson
MandelaFoundation,2014.Web.23Nov.2014.
Annotation:ThissourceisanimagethatshowsNelsonMandelaandothermembersata
university.Thiscanbeimportantbecauseitshowshisinvolvmentwithwhitepeopleandhis
fightforequalityforAfricans.
8."NelsonMandela."History.com.A&ETelevisionNetworks,2012.Web.8Dec.2012.
Annotation:Thissourceshowshowhelivedinbriefdescriptionsandallofhisaccomplishments.
IthinkthissourceisimportantbecauseitdescribesNelsonMandelaslifeanditsin
chronologicalorder.
Background
EarlyLife:
NelsonMandelawasbornJuly18,1918inthevillageMvezoinSouthAfrica.His
grandfatherwastheruleroftheThembupeople.Hewasnotabletoinheritthethrone
butwashighlyrecognizedasroyalty.Hegrewupwithtwosistersandworkedasa
cattleboy.Hewasthefirstofhisfamilytoattendschool.Atageninehisfatherhaddied
andhismomsenthimtolivewithJongintabaandhiswifeNoengland.Whenhewas16
hewentthrougharitualthattransitionedhimfromboytoman.
Education/Career/Accomplishments:
ThefirstschoolthatMandelaeverattendedwastheWesleyanmissionschool,where
hewasgivenhisAmericannameNelson.AttheFortHareUniversityhebecame
involvedintheStudentRepresentativeCouncil.MandelastudiedlawattheUniversityof
Witwatersrand.InJohannesburghegothisBachelorofArtsstudiesintheUniversityof
SouthAfrica.HeabandonedhiseducationthroughtheinvolvementoftheANC.Hethen
helpedfoundtheNationalCongressYouthLeague(ANCYL).Heandhisgoodfriend
OliverTambo,asleadersorganizedboycotts,peacefulprotests,andstrikes.Whenthey
arrestedhimandhewasinprisonfor27years,hewasabletogethislawdegree.
WhenhegotouthebecamePresidentoftheANC,andlaterbecamethePresidentof
SouthAfrica.Throughouttheyearshewashighlyrecognizedforhishardworkand
accomplishments,whichrewardedhimgreatly.Hegotkeystocitiesandmany
honorabledegrees.ButthemostknownrewardwaswhenhewasawardedtheNobel
PeacePrizein1993.
Quote:When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to
become an outlaw.
Links:
apartheid info- http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid
9.History.comStaff."Apartheid."History.A&ETelevisionNetworks,2010.Web.12Dec.
2014.
Annotation:Thissourceinformsusabouthowtheapartheidsystemcametobeandtherules
regardingthesystem.ThisisimportantbecauseapartheidwasthebiggestissuethatNelson
Mandelahelpedfightagainstandintheendheendeduphelpingaccomplishthatgoal.