jl&epublic

of tle lFbitippineg
@ongi-ecr
of tle lp!ilrppirres

Senete
SITTING AS THE IMPEACHMENT COURT
IN
THE
MATTER
OF THE
IMPEACHMENT OF RENATO C.
CORONA AS CHIEF JUSTICE OF
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
REPREStrNTATIVES
NIEL
C.
TUPAS, JR., JOSEPH EMILIO A"
ABAYA, LORENZO R. TANADA III,
REYNALDO V. UMALI, ARLENE
J.
BAG-AO,u al.,

CaseNo. 002-2011

Complainants.

MOTION TO INHTBIT
(SenatorJudge Franklin M. Drilon)
chief

.lrrsuce corona, through the undersigned counsel, most

respectfulh's1:rtes
anciaversthe grounds and leg,ilbascsrelied upon to call frrr
the recuszi.l
o1 ScniuorJuclgeFranklin Nf. i)rilon, .,,2g.:

1'

'lhc

Prosccutioncausedthe issua,rceof a subpoenafor Atry.

Endqueta \ r..lrii,clerk of court of the suprerrie court, for

tire purpose of
har'rng her tt'sutv and procluce the Statemerrtof Assets,
Liabilitres and
Networth (S \l'N) of Cj Corona.Sufficeit to srarethat the procluction
of these
documents itr(' consideredby both parties of c.rucialimportancc
for various
reasons'such rtsthc cornplianceof C.JCorona wirh R. A. 6713
ancltlrc bi'dins

i\lr,'liontu laltibit
'l
P,tqt a.f/ 5

force of Sr-rprcmc(,ourt l{csolutions provicling guiclclir-rcs{i;r" tlrc clisckrsurcof

the SALNs.
2.

Be that as it may, the ImpeachmentCourt issueda subpoenaduces

tecumad testificandum
against Atto. Enriqueta Vidal, Clcrli of Court of the
Supreme(.oLrrt. -\t thc hcaringof 77 Januart'2012,during thc exarninarion
o1Atry. Vrdal, c<;unselfc-rrCJ Corona manif-estedthat thcle rvoulcibe no closs
examination.Up to that point, the witness did not produce or surrenderthe
SALNs of Cf (loronzr.

3.

L.lrtrlrrc:stiorurb
t l lr1c,i,n t r o c l u c r i o no f t h c S i \ l . N l r ; r sl ; t : c r r: r r : n i t i : r l

issuefor (J (,<tlotrit,itt:ts tnuch as the Prosccution hzrsno evidencc rvh2tgi'cr

to suppoft thc essential allegauons in their Complaint. For the Defense, rhe
subpoenafor tl-rcClerk of Court of the SupremeCourt was parr of a fishing
expcditionof- thc' l)tosccution.llc' that as it rnay, ,,\ttv.\tirlal tooii thu rviincss
stand and completed the direct exarninadon by the l]rosecution. I)ef'cnse
counselwair.cdthc crossexamination.

4.

,\t thc time that the Defenser,vaivedcross-cxlminrrtion,therc rirzrs

nothing morc tct bc donc br-rtto cxcuscthc rvitncss.It iiltlrcurs,howcvcr, that.

the Prosecution found an ally in Senator-judgeDrilon, rvho proceedcd to
"cross-examine"and baclgerr\tty. Vidal in the guiseof 'clarificatory'questions,
ui7.:

The I'residing Officer. An1, g1,,tr)

Mr. Cuevas. Nrt cross,Your Flc>uor,fclr thc i)cfcnsc
Thc Presiding Officer.

'l'hc

witncssis chscharged.

i\,Lolion to Ithibit
Puga2 ol /)'

Senator Drilon. llc.thrc ]'ou clischarse.

.The

Presiding officer.

'fhe

drsti'euished gentleman froni llorlo.

Senator Drilon. Tl-rank),ou, IUr. Presidcnt.I rvish to ar.ail of thc nvo (2)
minr.rtcsall<xvcdundcr or,rrl{ulcs to ask clucstion.
IMadatlrWitncss, dicl T hear \,ou cotrectly that the srrbpocnaiss,.r,.cl
by this
court *,as submitted to the Suprcmecourt for their clispositiorr?
Ms. Vidal. I ltn actr.urlly
asliins for autirorizlticin.
Senator Drilcln. .\ncl if no author-izauonis issued,\,ou .vill ll(.)t bflng th,.l
clocrrnrc'nts
oldcrccl br this (-or-rr-t
to bc (rr.ocluccrl)?
Mr. Cuevas. Sorrv to object, Yor-rrFlonor. ihe quesf,on rs hrpotirctical,
Your- FIono.-.
Senlitor Drilon.

We are the Judgcs, horv can this Counsel objcct to .m1r

q u C S t l)(l l ?

The Presiding Officer. Wait a nrinute.

Mr. ctrevas. I am sorrv, Your Honor. I drought \ve are allorvedto go that
far.
Scn. Drilon. l-hc (lor-rtrscl
is ovcrcloingit. I-lc is objccunu to thc cltrcsLi<-rn
ola Judgc.
x{r. cuevi,ls. No. Because apparentl},,the questron tencls to elicit an
allswcr -(fin'orine) the Prosccr.rtion.
Scnlttttr Drilon. ()l c,ruisc,\.\.(.'\\?iiltr
to hlLvcalt alts\!cr io tlicsr-,rlircstions.
I'hc (-orrlt issucclthc sr.rb;loenr.
l\{r. Cr-revas.\'crs.
scn. Drilon. ,\ncl wc are part of the cotut. So, rvc arc askilg thc clr.rcstion
to
thc rvitncss.
l\{r. Cr,revas.I am sor-ry.I alrr sorrv.
f'he Presiding officer. N'{ayI beg thc indulgenceof the counsel?
Mr. Crrcvas.\'r's,\'orrr:l-lonor.
The Presiding Officcr. r\ N,Iembetof this Flor:seof the Senarcis cprirleclt.
ask clurcsli,rlsto thc rvitncsscsprcsc'tec'land to the counscl.
Mr. Cuevas. Ycs, Your Honor. I realizethat.
The Presiding Officcr. 'I'hat is their privilege.
Mr. Crrcvas. I realizeiirat, VciurFIonor.
The Presiding Officr:r. r\ncl rlrjs is :l ne\\' folirrl rvheic ll* , ,.,rs,i)crlrrc s)rj
rvc uncli'rstancl.
Mr. c'cv:rs. Ycs, YciurrI-Iorror.I rrpologizccspcciallyio you, y.,r. I-Io'or.
Thc Prcsiding Officer. Your apology--t'he distinguishedgenriernanfronr
i\,Iolion ta I;tltibit
P t J , c ) o ll f

Iloilo nrat'proceed.
.senator Drilon. I ahcady forgot my quesUott,Your Fionor.llut:rgain' thc
'rr.bpn",t^
fequfues,ytu, Nladam,to produce the srvorn Statements
r/ulu fet'r.rru
of r\sscts,LrabilrUesand Net Worth or a SALN of Chief Justrcel{enato C.
Cotcrna for thc vearc 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,2008, 2009, 201'0.
2011. ,.\nd lor,r said, r,ou submitted these to the Coutt for thet'disposition.
Nol', i[ fl-rt.(-rxrrt c]oesnot aPpfovc the subpoena,are yoll g()il-]gto bring
thescckrcurnclltsto the Court?
Ms. Vidal. I follorv the l{esolution of the Court dated lr{al' 2, 1989.
SenartorDrilon. Pieascanswef my question,yes of no. Wili you bring it if
the Courrtdoes not authorizeyou to bdng them?
Ms. Viclal.
Senatcsrr-'.

'1hc

Suprcmc (-oult has its rulcs rvhich is a cocclualbodl' as the

Senalor Drilon. So \,ou rvill notflot.t-tthc C<lr.rrt'

tr Ms. Vid:rl. I atl as,aititrqinstrr-tctions
Senator l)rilon. ,\ssumng that the instruction is not tc ar-tthortzeyoLr,
consistcnt n'ith the resolution of the Court to bring the SALN of the Chief
Justicc,r,or,ru'ill nof obe1,thc subpoenzrof this Court?
Thc Prcsicling Officer. Witncss, I must rerlrrndyor-rthat rvhile rve respcct
ttc <)bcvthc subpocnaof the Suprctlrc(.otrrt...
the st:llrrutiotrof llo\\,cr-s,
M s . \ ' i t l r t l .\ ' t s , s i r .
The Presicling Officer. ...andrve hope anC expect that thc Sr-rprcucCourt
r\nd so,
as a c()c(llrlribrancir ivill cclualll'rcspectthc proccssesoI thrs (,,.rr.trr.
Iloilo.
from
of
the
Senator
kindh' alrs\verthe question
Ms. \riclal. \'cs, Your Flonor. I piaced thc subpocna in thc agclda of tlie
Cor.ut lirr: irs infomration and I arvait the instrucuon of thc Court rvhich I
belicvc-The l'rcsiding Officer. llut are you ttot the custodianof the records?
Ms. Viclal. \'es, Yorit Honor.
of thc tecotds, ,voriLltt,c clispt-lsitit-,n
Thc l'r'csicling Olficcr. r\s curstoclian
O v C I T I I O S CI C C O I d S ?

Ms. Viclal. \'cs. Yortr Flonor.

Thc I)rcsitling Officcr. r\ncl so thcrcfotc. if lvc t:allou yor-rro protlr-rccthosc
recorcls,thcrt vou must produce them?
Ms. Vidal. \'es, \'out' IIortor.
The l)tesiding Officer. ,,\ll rght.
May I reqlrcst Counsel fot the respondent to pleasetake note of this: that
this Cour:t under the Constjtution has the sole power to trr' arld rJecidethis
cilsc rrltrl \\,(' lnust trot ltc in'rpcciccib1'urty agcncy of gor,c-rtttnctltin thc
per:folt r-utttt:t' o f our clr-rty.

l,!o/ion ta I uliibil
Pat.e,4 of l 5

Mr. Cuevas. We take note of that, Your Honor.

Senlttor Drilon. -fust asking tirc vierv of the rvitnessas a custoclianof these
t r c c o t ' c l sI t. i s r r o t i ' o t t t v i c : t ' t h a t t l r c o r i l c r
o f t l - r i sl r l l r c l c l r r n c r r (t . 6 g r f i s
subjcct to thc a1t1tt'or-al
of thc Suprcnrc Cor-rr-r.
In other]rvoicls,1,pudo not
subscribcto the propositron that the order of this court for v<_ru
rc; Droducc
this Sr\l-.N is subject to the approval of the Supreme Court?
Ms' Vidal. As thc Clcrh of Court, I havcrthc obligarion tr-iinfcrrrl them of
whatevcl subpoena or lnatter is brought before me. So. I rrill just awajt
lnstructi()ns.
Senutor Drilon. If thc instrucuon is nor to prodr.rcethe SAI-N, you rvill not
follot' the subpoenaof this ImpeachmentCoui:t?plcaseansLVCr
ycs or no?
Ms. Viclal. Ycs, I rvill foliorv, Your FIonor. I just gave rt ro thcrn for the1.
infolmation and authorization.
Senator Drilon.

AII rigirt. So you just gave it to thc Criurt for rhcir

i1fst.111111i6nMs' Vidal. Llfortnation

and authotiza,iton rvhich I believe thar thcv rvil.l aiso

glan t.
Senutor Drilon. No, no. If vou ha'e no authorizatron, r.vill
t,ou bring this
SALN in compliancc rvith or,rrstrbpocna?
Ms. Viilal. If thc cciurt requu'cs me to do so, I -,vrlrdo so. fhc Inrpeachment
Corrrt,I rncart.

Senlttor Drilon- if rhc Impeachment Court rcquircs vou to clo so, r,crulvi-ll
do so?
Ms. Vidal. Yes, Your llonor.
senlrtor Drilon. Norv, at this point, you havc not brought thc Statcmcntof
Ass.ts and r,iabrliucsand Net worth asl<edfor in the ,nbrro",-r^/
Ms. Virlal. I have bror-rghtthem rvith me.
Sen:rtrtr Drilon. You have Lrroughtthe SALN with you, is rhat correct,
Mlr..l:rn-r
Witness?
Ms. Vitlal. Ycs, Your I-lonor.
Senrttor Drilon. r\11nght. N{av I ask norv the rvitness to proclr-rccbcfore this
Cotrl't {lle documents that rvclc subpoenacd by this Co,-rrtin e surbpoepa
d r r t t , l . f: r r l u a \ ' 1 7 , 2 0 1 2 a s t h e r v i t n e s ss a i d t h a t s h e h a s t h e s e c l o c u n r c n t i r v i t h
ner:

Thc Presiding Officer. The rvitnessmLrstcomply. Subr-nitto rl-reCourt thc

s t r l r l r , r c rtlhr t t y o u l r l o r r g l rtto t l r i sC o u r t .
Scrr:rtorDrilon. T'heSALN, Your Hcnor.
Tlrc Presiding Officer.'I'he SALN.
Mq. Vidtrl. Yes, br:t I har-c nor recciveC the--I
.\ l ' , t ; , 1 , , ' l - t l r r ,( . <, rrl t .

hlve placccl it al:;o in thc

Nlotioti to Inltibit
Page5 oJ'/5

S r : r , . , i , , rl ) r i l o n . i t h o r - r g h td r t t . . .

,Tlrc l)rcsiding officer. wc did not subpocnathe surprcrncc,urt. rwc

sulrP'c.aedyou to producethe record in your custocly.So you are now
ortlt'r'crlby the chan-to surrcndeLtheserecordsto this cor-rrt

Ms. \/iclal.Yes, Your Flonor.

Scrr^lrr Drilon. can r'c ask now the clerk of court t'
docrrnrc'ttts?

rcccrvc these

Ms. r/rdal. I um rcrrLlt,1r) ir cluartclaL\,,

I arl t1 dilcrlrpir Dcc:rlrse\\,1;arc
cor-ttt tl lly the rules of the SupremeCourt anclalso bv this Fl,-,n11rablc
Court.
So trt:tr I requcst that at lcast I get the luthorizuti,rufirst fl6p
tirc Coui.t
bc'1,,r't'
I subrnitthcnr?
scn:LrorDrilon. v/e do not bciicvetrratthat is proper,your Iionor.
Beca'sc:
to-tl,:, rvoi.rldsubjcctthc.rcicrs of this Impcachmentcourt ro
thc approval
of tlrt SLrprenre
Court. Becauseif the Court docs not aurhorizethc releaseof
tlttr stlrlclllcllt of assctsand liabilLicsc,f thc Ciiricf
JusLicc,thcn tlc sr-rbpocna
is rlefc:rfcd,
Your Honor.l

5.

,\{anyof thc quesrronspropounded to Atty. viclal borclered

on rhe

power of

rlrc Impcacitrnent Court to issue a subpocna. and

conrrriand

compliallcetllerewith' What cannot be deniecl,however,is that

the interference
a f l d p r e s s r t r t ' t ' x e r t c cl rll ' s , ' , . , " ' o r ' . f r r r l gI -r):r i l o nr r g a i r r s,t' \ t t 1 ' .
\ / i , l , r l r . t ' s r r i t cicr il t l r c

production of the SALNs of CI Corona,wlich the prr-rsc,:ufir)n

was unablc ro
accornplishorr its own.

6.

At the next session,Senator

,luclgel)rilon :igain displayed his

partialityb)' direcdy causing the introducdon of evidence from

a document
intendecl to cast doubts ou thc role Chief
Jusuce about thc accluisitiol of

propertyby lris daughter.As it turns our, CJ corona acted as thc 2ttornc1,-i11factin the trrLnsaction.
Scnator-.Judge
Drilon, made srue ro highlight this fact, as
if to suggestrhatCJ Coronawasthe beneficialownerof the pl'op<:rty.
This ruse
rvas clerrcdy 1lntr" rvhilc su1-rprcssing
tlrr: firct t h a t C f ( , < , r t , r i . rl r ; i i l t o a c t t s l u l

attorney-in-lrtctbecausel:is claugirtcr,Charina, is basecl.bro:rcl

ancl cannot
r'Iranscript

c r f S t e n o g r a p h i cN o t e s , p p . 2 5 - g , 1 8 l n u a r y 2 0 l 2
f
fuIotittn ro Inhibil
Pa.qe
6 of'/ 5

p e r s o n a l l l / c ( ) l r l p l ( : t ( rt l r t '

P r t t ' < ' l i l s cl r c r s r ' l f .

'l'lrr'

t r r r r r s r " r ' i Porl ' l ( ) - J a n t r : r r - 1 ,

"01"

cleadyillustrutesthe partiality of SenarorJudgeDr-ilon, urzi.:

Scnator Drilon. L)o yor_r

have a cop,,,of the ,I.CT?
IVIr.Rtrtaquio. \'es, Your Flonor.
Scnator Drilon. W'hc-,
is tire seiicr?
1\'Tr.Rutaquio. It is the NlegarvorldCorporauon, su.
St'natorDrilon. Is that in thc l)ecclof Sale?
l\'lr. Rrrtaquio. \'cs, \'our. FIonor.
Scnator Drilon. Do 1,s11
luvc a cop;, of thc l)cccl o[ Selci
l \ l r . R r r t u r q u i o\ .' t ' s ,S i r , .
Scnator Drilon. What rs thc date of the Deccl of Sale?
I\[r. Rutaquio. October 2i, 200g,Su..
s.nator Drilo'.
Sale?

Now, does the 'ame ,6Renatocorona,, appear in

that Deed of

Mr. Rutaquio. No, your Flonor.

sc'rrl.r Drilo'. As lrrto'rr:y*irr-firct,is trrcrc a Re':rto
c,rrrra?
I\lr. Rtrtaquio. Yes, your Honor.
Scnator Drilon. So it is Renato Corona acting
as attorney-in.fact for Charina
Crlronir.
AIr. Rtrtaquio. Yes, Your Flonor.
Scnator Drilon. Thank you, N{r. president.2(Emphasis
supplicd)

7'

The Prosecutionpresentedthe Deed of Salein an zltternpt

to link

CJ Cor.na to the ownclship of the conclominiurnunit,

but rvas sulpflsed to
learn that his name did not appearas the buyer on the
clocunrent.T'o savethe
day for the Prosectttirtn, Senatrlr.Jtidr;ei)r:ilon tool<
thc fl..r

a'<i pr:o1-rornclccl

questions to highlight the role of CJ Corc;la in the

szrle,bur without balancins
'

Transc'iptof Stenoi;r'aphic
l.Jotes.
pp. 30--ir" 19Ja'r"ra
rt, 2.t)12.
A,Iolionta Iuhibit
Puge7 ol"l5

the information with tl'rc fact that Charina is basccl abroarl anrl c:u-r
orily act

through an artorncy-in-fact,

B'

It is bcyond cavil that this turn of crvcntshas pur in questigl

thc

integrib' of tire procccdingsand mcmbers of thc Irnpeachrnclrr

Court. livcry
measurcmusl bc tziiicnto guitrdagainstthc closit,,nol'public
c<;nfidcncc
irr t6e
ImpeachmentTrial of (.J O<;,rona,
lest thc procecclingsbc rendcred legal\,
vulnerable

9'

'fhe

provisions of the Rules of the Impeachment Court pro'ide

for the propounding of cluestionsto a rvitness,//i::

xv. wjtnesscssharlbe e.ram-ined

bi' one person on r.rcrrarf
of the parq,
producr.gthcnr,and the' cross-ex^'ri'edbi' orr" p"^on .'
thc c-,thcr
side.

XUI. If a Scnatoluvishesto put a riuestionto a rvitness,

he/she shall do so
rvithin rrvo (2) rninutcs. r\ Scnator may iikervise put a
clllesu()n to a pfosctclrtot: of
counsel. Flc/shc miL1,alsc.rolter a modorr or ordcr, in ..vritirrg,
u'hich shail bc
submitrcclto rhc l)rcsiclingC)ff,icer.

10.

llule X\TI provides for the right of a Senatorto put

a quesion tc>

'1-he
a prosecutor or cot-ttlscl,or to a r,vitness.
expresslimitation in Rule ,\\ril
on the dght of a Senator-judgeto propound a questionis
thar "he shall clo so
within mo (2) minutcs." It is, however, incor-r-ect
to assunte that a Scnatorjudgervould be justrfiedto propound qlresdons
thar amount to prosecutinsthe
caseor the rvitness,such in a caselike this where the
questions of Senator
Judge I)rilon lvere cieadl, intencicclto accompL:;hrvhat the prosecution failecl
to do, uiq:

A[otion trt Inhibit

PageB ol'/ 5

'fhe

Court has acknowledged the nght of a tr.ial jrdse t,, cluestion

witnesscswirh a rrierv_tosarisfvinghis minci irpon any ,rrot"ri,it
poini rvhiclr
?.res:lts itself during tl-rctrial of a caseo'er rvhich he presrdes.,Brrt not only
should iris examinnt-ronbe irmrtcd to asking clarificatory cluestions,
the dght
should lrc sparinglvand judiciouslyused; fcx the n-rleis
ttr^t tn. courr should
stay out of it as much as possrble,neither interfering nor
int.n,crrilg i' thc
conduct of trialu:r'.r * flaldrv in fact can onc avoicilhc
imprcssion that the
rlrndiganbrYnniraclrllic.l itsc'lt-rvith, t,r tci bc nrore
p...ir.,, hrcl trl<.c,t6c
cLrclgcls
lbr tire prosccutiouin pro,.'ilg the caseagainslJ'abuela
and peralta.
x xrhe
"cold neutrality ol' a' irnpartial i'd!e', requireme.t of due
I)foccss $':rs ccftninly dcnicd Tirbuerra :rncl peralta rvhen tlrc court,
rvith its ovcrzclrlousncss, :tsstrruccl tllc clual rolc of
magistrate and
advocate * * A substantialpottion of thcr TSN r.v:rsincorpomtcd
1r thc
rrliodrr olrinron n()t to focus r.,n"rrurnbefs" alcine,but more
importzrntlvto
sh'rv tlr.t the court questionsrvere in the interest of thc
plosecutio' and
\hich tlrLrsclepartftctt-nthe comrnon stanclardof fairness
ancl rmpartiahtl,.5
(t'rr-r
p1-ra
sis sr,rppited)

1i'

Irr open court SenatorJudgeDrilon beganto propound

questions

more aliirl to cross-examinationand loadedwith veiled threats,securing

for the
Prosecrrriont'lrat thq' failcclto cl,, bt' thernsclvcs. ,.\s clcadv
enunciatcd i1l
Tabttentt.rt'ltcrt thc jutlgc takes thc cuclgels for onc of thc partics,
hc loscs thc

cold netrtralittrof an impartial judge, amounring to violarion

of the right of a
Iitigant ro ip11'l)r:occsso{t larv. In otht:r \'{r[cis, fhc rcfusal o{r
un o1-rt'rrly
1rarti:rl
j.tk1c is a 'i<llatio' <if thc co.stituiic-r'.
and biasc'..1

12'

Sir',rrificirrrtlv,
thc: i)rcl;iding Othccr- rulcci 1.iurti)ctcn:;c cilulscI

c a n n o t o i r j c c l t o a , l v c i l r c s t i o n spropourrciccil).,,ir Scnator
-judge, citing iiuir
XVII.

\ \ ' l r i l t ' l h c c x t : u r p t i o no i Sruilf()l:

Jr.itlgcsli'oru tlic r;bjcctions cil t,ire

pafties (-:uutot lrr: disltutcd, it rnust i)c stressccl

that thc qucstionspropoutrclctl
b y S e n a r , r r - J i r c kDl cr i l o n s o u g h t [ o e[cit thc verv samerespc)1lscs
as tire prjvatc

Prosecrrl()r
attcil'tptedto obtain during-his concluctof the dirccr tcsrilion.,,.Jn
sllrn, n \\.ts Scnator
Judge l)rilon

-urho

carried cn

the cudqclr for iirc

'LJS
u. Fl,, ,i,;,'11t.r,
./7 Phil. :15;U.f a.Ijn Kui,35 Phil. 504;t.)J'u.[]inayto,35 phil.
23

4\z
I
t
I qre 1). t \ . 2 9 1 I)r c c l . 7 7 8 .
-lnft,
at ttt ' t t r 7 .

\.Iolioulo luhikt
Pugc9olli

P r o s e cr

,.tt),.1
;t...

I rr

r tr r p l i r ' l l r : L' .i rlut Lhrr,{ailcrl to iit>.

i r ' i i o r i s o i - 5 l ' r ; l i 1 , l l - )r r t l i ' ; , i ) r i i , . i l r i i l i r ' . ' . i l t l i t ' i . : r t i r ( ) t t i t ' ( ) \ ' u l ' s \ '

it cannof l;c cioubti-:clthat

e v e n u m o n g l l l r r t r c t t t b c r : si

m A l l \ r l ) c ) t ' s o n sp t ' r ' c c i v t 't l r t ' t - o r r t l u t : io F S c : t t i t t o rf u r l g c [ ) r ' i l o r t v e l i ' c l i s c o t r < ' r ' t ' t i r r g

becausc of thc ribviotrsit- llrtisan ch?llact('fher cxhtbirt,d. Jtrrlr:ct1,it is norv

p u b l i c ktt,rw l t'..i ,,,1 l r : L i: i i r i c f v e r b a l t u s : r l c i : n s u c d l r r : f r i , i - ' t 'Sr lr n a l o r I l i r i t c

iJnkxr urtl irrrrrilr :\L'tr tri ( )l'

l.l

Niril,'

I i';li.clsccl

! t l s l i i ( ) l i i i l t t i { i r r n i l l l l t - t ' e r t i t ' rl ; o t l i

id. r,r,';Iis1r.'
ir-iai t:ilit'r
Cor-irt is in rciilii,, :r roik:qirrr: it'iiri c(-'i-l!:t,

tlit

l t t , l t t ' . ,1, 1 , t , " 1 1 1

I r l : l rt ' i l r ' f i , t t ' l t i r , i ' (

il'L:rf"'l rr:iaijuclgcsltniriii n()i perficiil,tfc

than one juclge.'ihc rLrlcis rvcll-l<nor.r-n
i r t t h c c x a n u l r a l ri ,r tr ; I u

1 i . l-oi c r c a i r i I l t : i n r p t r , , s l r i r I; i1r r1 i i r c i s , r l ] i i . : ri vi i t i r

the piosccutjor."

t5.

'l',,

r ' ( ' i l ( " 1 1t.l r , . ' i r r l c , i t a i i l s t i r i t c r t ' f i ' r ' c 1 r (i {' ,' '

fundamental irr i'lrtr'?retc1ihrt ir ril'norrnls lt.r :i i'rcrlau(ifl!f'tll'

iL,dqt

s()

(,clsritutir-,tr. att'.''.:

r'i
l J u t r v h i t t : r i ) l ) 1 r l ! l t{-' r i r . ' : r i r ; . r } l ' t: '( i r r i p t i i i r r g t { : r 1 i l i { ){1r t1l ' t l : t ' i r i? . 1 . ' . } i i i t t r N
t h e v i o l a t i , , n t > l ' t l i c l r , , : c i l s r - ' r l 'ts: ' ; r s i cc u r r s t i t t r t i t i r u r l r i g l i t t o t { i r r ' l l l o c c s t ; .
tht: i-.ttusrittrtiorlt, to brit'i'ow otcr: irgairr X4r, !trstice
"Ilcspect;)tr
Ctuz's rvorrls, "is rts{trt: itttlNtrta*t tl;;tt.r s,-'r-r-trin{ t cr,t;tt'iction l:ascd on
t violittiott ttl'tlta rigl;t,; o!'tltt :tccusetl." \liihiic goinil r.n.cf tltt Lecotcl:i,tt'c
'rt'rn .r<:tirclt' tt;i,l: 1"r:lt:t
in thc
\vefe sirlr( 1., lr)' fh,.r \\,1r' ti:t' Sandigrtt-ri
'l':tbucrt'.r
,
, . r L r c s t i o n i n , , f l i i c l i r r i - r 11' fi ; 1 i 1 1 1u1r5i c i o i i l r c r i c c r l s t r ctlh c u t : , , : i r , : s .
("1'tt/,til,
I )t'llottttfl'ui

, t 1 , i , i , . 1I )1:' ',r r , i I l : r i r lr,l . ,i r l l l r : ,, . r . , ,r r t : l l r i l J ( . t( .) (l r l ,i,r : r { r , , i l , ' l l, .l l l t , i t r l

)r:()rr
?l
covcra,qcrT'cr
_ittl-lr_\iL_tjl!, lrirrI lr r]irsscii 25 .]lttr:iri
i)j.j!! i1lfl!i!l_,1)S:l t,tt,rLi-_,,_[J!]_rr
2012: "I'irirttI qrti P .1a','i ) r ' i i ' i , l ' t i r , ' i r r L i l : L l ) l i : L r t g i i r l l l t . n ; r r t i l c " :l l r r c i[ ' - . i r l i , r ] r i r i - . . l i . c t ' e r : ; .
*1\'.r'ucti
[q2/lrr
! i ) l l . ( . ! l l , : - f i l i l ] , 1 ,,1, ' . l j ' - ' ) / - ;t l : r r l , 1 r 1 i p; i t , ' , r k t l , ' r l s r i ' , l l t s i : l t : ( : r t s r r (2' tl li
Januan' ).()12;Dnl, Ii:f//.\,'.t/() .;trl,ti;i/,l-,i ltic:hi,l .l.lol'.', il,
h t t p : / / , , r ' ' , r ' r r ' . n r rl r i irrni111111'1r1rl!t\,l.UitLl1c:-!\jljllr:1111-i-1.Url-l-r0].]-ilfL!,:r-t--it:i-1r5c.1-lo-irtlr!11,
l a s t a c c c s s c d2 5 J l r r rrrn'l:()111.
''
'1(,\
l9:r.
Itta. t,. Opiilt, 142 :
i\,ioiot to !rl'ihi/
ht.qt i{,t ol' I 5

a n c l l ) e r a l r , , ) i r ' a ( ) t h a ' e r a i s t : c lt h r s z r s
a n c r r ( , r r ,t h e r c i s r l e \ . e r t h e l e s sa ( . )
lllll)edlnlc1rl i.r Lts frt consitler sLlcir nrllttcr
as aci,iitionrll basis tirr a rer-ersal
surc. tilc s' rrlctl tl,t-triitc is.that an eppeei
t h r . r , - s t h c * . h . i e c r r s c( ) l ) e r l f ( )
r c r - i c r v 'a . r l r i i r . r : . r r r c s f h e -d' ' r \ ' . r f r h . : a p p . , i l a t e
r.rurr t() correcf such crrtirs
as lna\: bc r,,rrntl in ri"rejrrtlgnrent ap,1-real.cl
Il..rn,r..irether thc' ere maclc the

s t t i r l t ' C ',t ' l . .

i , ; t : n ( , i l 1 \ r ) l c l . f o f , , r . t r , , f.

l J r i i t r t o r c i r r , i r ,r r . r l r r r r l r\ .\ , e l t o t e t l u t t h e
q L l e s u ( ) r _i l sf thc court s'cre lr-itl,c
l ) i uu l ' e r . , i . - ', , . s ( , \ . : u ) 1 r i l aitn. ts( c l t l r r l t c t c , , t s t l . ,
, , f . , , r t r t ()1ltatio1t,probing lrnrl
r r t s n r u i l t i o r r ' t , l , . n - r P [ r a ss rr sr l r p f i e d )

16.

i n tl 'i 'rl .S cn a ro rIudgel) r ilon,sclain,sof

fealq,to rhc tunctrc;nof

efii:itrng rhe tn jr rrrrrl attal{rirlg justice

2lre u1ri\..ailirlg altd inclevant. .l,he
lltlrlitttve clisplar,,i lrr Sernator_juclge
l)tilon, call :)'j construecl as LrnecluiVOCAI
clcntoristr:rtionr . ltr.,liUc.giance
r() the causeof tl;"r Prosr:cutjc)1,or
at thc vcf\r
lcrlisf'2 lack of t'rltl ttcrtfl'alitvancl
impartialitv.

Ji,clgessh'ulcl remc'rbcr thzrt

tirei'arcjr"idgcs
r,,r rrrtrr trrr:plrosercutron
a'cr the cr.fensc,zrz;:

" W e d o u b i rror rharr

thc sole motive of the learned
iuclge was to
asccrtain ri c trutlr of thc transacdon,
but it is r,everproper for a juclge
to dischar:, ' tlrc duties ttf a prosccuting
ittolr,rcy. llorver_cr.tlt_\lousa
luc'L1cn-raf i i t.r' tlrr.rcnf..rcenre^tt,f the l,.rv, h..,sh.r.rlcl
al*,a's remcmber
that ire is rr rrrLrr:h
jtrclgcin behaif of the c-lcfcncl:i:rt
uccrrscdc,f crinre, a'd
' v h o s eh b c r ,,.rs
i. lcrperdl:, as hc is jr-rdgei' bt ralf
of the ,t^'.,, f,.,t,tlr.
purntrseoi , tr r.lLilr
rcLngthe inrerr-ests
of societr,.,,,,
.nrphasis
(i
supplied)

17.

I n r l ."ti n'hcn a judgie cxceeclslii:; l;

ir bounclsin eluestic)ning
a

rvitness,tlrcre is r() ()llc rvho can valrdly

objccr tt retstofeor c{rsufethe cold,
neutraliryof zrni rlrrLr:tial
judge. As witncsscclin tl, '
pr(jcceclings,
the presiding
C)fflcer ruied rhl rlir tiu-irtof a Senator-juclger
to a, k clucstions
is not in cloubt.
Be that as it rxr\ lLrrrspnrdcncecli.:fine-s
the lirnirs . 'ithin which the privilege
ro
ask questiotfs111r,i)(' r-\-clrcist'cl,
lei--:
8 r
L///.t.'1.

,i/t/t'itl)I'.\ rrtttiitytrbtl,,,lz,(].R.
t{o. I 0-i50 | 03, consohclarccl
rvith ,.Jrlo/70
i\1.
Paru/turt.I1ou.,\'ttrrl,, t i : : / ) ' t tC/ /l,. R . f . l r i .
1 i t 3 5 ( ) 1 l, 7 l i . _ l r r u a r l , ,
lttlt/rL'//Lt t'. ,

"Alaryb1t
t,,..ltun, 13 i , . \ n 1 r l l r .

99',7.

9Sl:. l,l8.

.\ [ o/ iutt /tt I rtlLiltrI

P t 1 Ll,l a l ' l ;

"()rrlrnrrrth

i: itLrt ri..d
til: rhe presicd rg jrrclqe hrnsclt r() c\i1l1rine
' I ' h e Practtce
*'itflcsscs rr .r'r1rrtlr.
cir:curnstlrces rtrar [rt.r''ralr rn a g1\,crr c]r]sc;rs
[(j
iustriv tiie c. ,rlr ril s(i r-loittg. r + {'['l1is c()ulf, hr !vc\.rr, ltas m<,re than
ttr.tce
said that rir' !\rlrltlllatl()rt of u'ittresses is the rnrlrc
appr(.rPriate fr.rnction clf
c o t l t t s e l . l t t l L i t l l t ' i l l s f : l 1 1 c c ' sr l t ' r ' r r r c r r n t l r h e c o r t r i i
iorts.,:lcqrri,r,ral rvlrich rvrll
)tlstil\ thc " r, .i.1tilg lirclgtr itr crirttl.cting .r' ( . tclrsr\-u c:izlrurirtr()1.
lr rs
: t h r ' : i ls e n , i , : . r r : i l n J i , , L t r , i - r r l s c i1 0 . , i t ; c c t t ( )
\\.i,:tt hc t'ai. clccttr improper
( i t l c s i i ( ) l l s1 ) l l t . . ' , ' t t L t ' l ' i t c t r , i t t c ( ) l r d u c n n g . L
l t r q t h i c - x : r n u r ) 1 1 t l ( )i n
t ,u . o u l d
,,,,rl,ic ti;r thc
lrc ahni,sr ir
l u d g c r r . rl l r e s r r n - e a I . i c i r c r r ral t t i t r _ r i i t . \ \ , h r l e h c i s
l1()[;rlllcrL
' r | e i l t , i t l ( ) r t l l 1 1 l ) u ' icr t e t r i a ] , t r t , . l t t , . l u s
d l r n t ( . )s c c t h e t i u s t i c t - :
is iltrrtc, , ,
rr iii irsuirilt. 1l()t tin.i
l t l r ( . _- . r \ : u - \ ; , , c o n t i L r c t s u c l t
('\ltt'tltu;itl!,r
I i t t t r l r . l l t r u 1 11 1 1 . . 1r .l r, i , : i r . r l j . . . , i , , , r . .
nltr\t lulg(,ii l.r lr
mT ttcl' .i'; r11'fi11111, to Lle cletcrurirrccr ir) r je
circufilstanccs
i.rf c*ch
ptrrflclllrlr t-'r '. lrrtt in so c1,,ir-tgire nrlrst nor tirrg,,
t thc functit.rrt of th. judge
a n c l a s s l r n r c t h : r i o t ' u n l i c i r - r - r c l t e1
" r r,rlt,

18.

-\ttr rlor-.ltrtlgcl)rilrn s()ug'ittto clurr

littv his acdons as rlclltral luld

l n o t l v ? r t e cl lr l ' t l r - : . . i t r s t t 'tci r r t r u t h . ' I ' h e ' s e a r c i r , o r

trr:th'p()ses no cxcus. fo
telicve a iutlgc 1r.t'rtlhis dutv t<; obscn'c the
p,'rception of impartiaLit\,.'1,hc
llr-lportallct'.rt ir ir,rr".rrlr' and rhe pefceprlc,rlol
impartialitv ale bc\.()nd ca'i_I,

,\ jr,'L', sl'r.trlclar-oidirnpr.prien and drt-.irppc.rxnce

of rmprop'eti,
i'all his A( r\ irL.s." sr,rtedclir'tercni]t,,
"it is an ,r,rn"rad principle that a
judge mlrsi .()r,'ly
be impartiai; he nr shc must arso appearto
be
impartial' Iil''ce,
the iucrge ([.lst, at .,,;1rtimes, rnaintain
trre
appearance rl'lirir'ess a'd impartialiry. Hrs i.r.guage,
brth rvritte' ancl
spokcrr,nrLilt.
eu:rrclcclauci mcasured,lesf rr"- rr"rt of intelti.ns
irc
be

llllSCollsftrit.]."'l

Pul;;ir: crrficre'ce in the jrdiciary is eroded by irresponsibre

or
impr,lrer ('i,ii(l'(:t.f j,dges.''.'\s.tressccl
bv trr,:(,.urtr, ,\,r,4irtntagt..l
ud,4e

C t i t / r t ; , ,B . j t t , , r , ' . . \ ' r r t , " I r r c l g e sr r r u s f a c l h c r . . r, , , 1 6 .

hrghcst fcnets of jr_rchcial
'l
ircr nrusrr ire rhe er-nboclinrcnt nf ,.,.r1r"terrce,
inregrirr_ and
i:^.1.c]1,.f
l t d c r r c r r,t t c r r' . \ j L r c l g c ' sc o n e l u c t r n r - r s tb e
ab,r,. ,.ptorcl,.'n Likci (_aesar,s
r v r f e , e 1 r - r c l gr'' r r i s t r l ( ) t ( ) n h b e p r u : c b u t a b o l c
s t , r p i c i o n . r . . \ l u c l g c , sp r i \ , z l t e
as Neil lts (r ' i'rl crltlcltrct rl"]ustat all tirnes
be fr,.e from all appeara.ces of

t"Peo.
t,.Berwt'/,,ttr,25ir
Ill. 6j, !)5N.lj. 5l)
" Pro-setalar
J',r,i',ttlt
t . l(rzr.';
r'..lrrtl4t,-fue/io
1,.L)ringrti,xl,t.(,,
liranchI, llutuancin,, A.NI.No.
l l l t l - 0 0 , 1 2 66, - \ p r r ,. , , i r ) (p) ., 8 .
''I)eL/erur.
I ) , u n e/ . r \ . \ l . N o . R ' f f - 9 9 - 1 : t 5 51,3 J r - i 1I r9, 9 , , , 3 1 t ) s c i l \
273,citingpn.t.
serruno,203
s(lrL{ r r (r991),cittngp'ecantro
t,,I)er7aiweu,
rt,)scR.\ 235 (19g9)
',t,t:
tr t !. I'lrt,ey,ZOZ
.Sf-n,l 62g(1991)
Y' .1,:rte_l),'y,1tu
N
{
N
o
.
R
I
l - 9 9 I t - r S(,, , \ p n l 2 0 0 { Jp,p . 1 , 1 _ 1 2 .
l' s] A
l t u l e' L 0 1 ,

( . , , l . 1,., , ' fl , l r c r l l ( , r u c i r . r c t .
"'canon 31, (.rr[ou, ,,r lrrdicralI']thics.canon 31, Canons ,iJuchciai
f:t6rcs.
'-.-(r
lt,t/u,rg
r: Zrr.,r. 5li ) ' \
r197-{)

,\lt,lton lo Inltibtl
P,ty l2 tll' t i

lml)f ( )l)flet\ . l
l r , ' r . , r r t ir c p r . , , , r t . l r . "V' ti c t t . d
.i )-rzl' the ftrctual liindscepe
".
o I r h i ' .c a s r , r l : . i ' l r . i l t i t : r { f c s i ) ( ) n . l c i l f
; r i c l g c i r i r t t : r e s s t ' t lt - r n o n 2 , l h r l c s f . l ) ( - )
a t t d - t i i l , , r r l r r ' t . : L r i o r l s r i f ' r . r i i r c r i il . . t l r i c s . l - l i
f
;rc[\ h:rvc itecrr les: rhlitr
i i L . l r , , i r l t l h a r c k c p r h r r t r s t , l f t r . r . t i r () l t ! l i l l t ' L l ) p r : l t r i t i l ( : r
()f
; ; i , i : i i u i r . ] r i l t i r l e c n r i , - " i ror g 4 , . : {t t t c l i r i r l c c
l r t r u s r t i i i t r i . r n r i r l i \ r r Lt
h a i r l t r , , . : t ' . . . { r t i i i t i } l t i - ' : i l r - ) i (l } i : t r i , _ l c c t t n t t f f .I i C i l t i s t ,
ihLis, bt sari,-:{ti.,rir,cj.r''
'.
i t't f ir i . r'cgrir
li( i .{)iil-[
(
)
r
l
i
i
n
]
l
,
t
i
.
)
;
r
t
.
,
,
t
:
l
t
.
n
l]()lltfrLl
.! ti2'' lnti;'u L,, i,rti,,. !r.,
:,rrl,r, |
, \..i!r.
iil(
liliil..
t : l r ( l i . l rI r s i l c ( t

i r r t ; - r r'r; : r i c t l

'

\,\ t'i

:t'

, i . , l \ , \i i l s l l r t , ; L r t l i , - i i i il i i _ ; * r , r t i i r ; . r , l d g t s

shotdcl

n*l

{'ni'' lrt' r*rpartiiil irrrt srr.urd arso rl}pc:irr imprrtriir.

.ir:ir'r

i'.ir',.
iir ,rr

i*r

Ilr.
tl ()tl,.i

i t l : i r t ' . r i t . r i j \ i , , : . i ,i.i r . r : i l : . { t i r t . : : .r r t t s n f r - : < - 1 1 i l q k , L l

111
lil Lrl tltr: t:,,it-i rrr,liii.ii"ii\

, ri rri rrrii,:ir-tr;rl
1 i r . i s . ..
: , j r . . t r l r ' ; r l, ., r . i t , , ,
1 r r . , , . . . . - l. r l r . - i r , l r ( ( . l 1 t l l t r . . , r r r t r ; .
r,.,,)il)C
nlL:.r:1i;tL.j(.j\ tt
i l 1 ( . I i n l t l { . , C i r , t . : r : l r _ i t li ,

l ' r l l r ; ,: , , i l r r ; i i r : r . ' : i l , r r -i r i . a r e . l
i t r . i g c J. u O ; r s r r r u s t r l { } t { . } n l v
rerrr:.'r irrsr' c.rrect and irupirrtial cleci.,ir.s, br,rt
rr,ust ci'
su ; .t nrilllncr iicc of suspicion i{.\, t{} thrrt l-airnfss"
i r r r p . i : i i r l i r v i r n d i n t e g r i n , . t ' l ' l _ r r r p l r l s r: r, p i r l L c . l

It

ln

;ltlrtllli)n (,rl tlr,

i : . ( t . t : , ct.l t t ' c t t n J u c l ( ) t S r ' n a t i ,

. l u . i g c I ) r : i l o n h r s d r : t r v nt l r r
t r l ; l t r : . L : ? l s t j n qc l o u b t o l l

th,

rntegfir\. irnpetchfircrrt tria]

l.)r()ccss lirt(t r'\.( r r i r i r r r i ] 1 r t ' t i i l l i t \ ' oIl h e j u c l g c s : i c n l s e l v e r s . , - \

l r r i i g cr n l l s t t n k c
cven- eftrril ltr

I ilrl (!,cli ,rlte itftpaartlli,d ()t pitftl

'l'hrs
,litr".
nilc is rhc rule of

i r l L i t n l ) t i t r , r l l 1 ri , i n L . l ., , i j r r r i t c i :j r c o t r c l r r c t a n c l ()lttpolrtillcnt,
c r i t f c n c h e c li r t j u i

illtd rt is rvcil_

' , r ' L l , i e n c c/,, / i . :

'

l ' l r r ' _p r ( ) ' i i L l r L r r r l ] r c * t( ) f r h : ( . r , u r t i r t t h c , l c l c u s c

,i
'
ir.rt1',:4,ttt
c.Lrlc{ eq"
l-rr slricl: \11 srritor.s irrc endtlccl r'
rr.II
: l r . r f o i - t h c c o l c l n e r - r i r a i r t lL r f a , r n c l e l r c n c l e n t ,
u.hoilr,-irec,
r l i : r r r . L ' r i t ' rrlr n t l r r r r l r r : L s cttrl r l ' r r n r u l .\ r . , r r r c l
onh.to tire ctr,rtt.ot
l( rl.
: t r ,. l l r . r \ .t 1 . . , - i r i , ri :i t t h . . . i r r t r , , f . 1 , 1 1 gi t r r t
e n l : u l n ( . rt l r l t tr i r l l
' u s r ' l r n Y s u s l ' l i c r t - r r: ir s t . t h r .
'r)l
i
;
r
,
n
c
s
s
a
u
t l t n t e g r - i f l .o 1 ,f h .
'lt
is n't enough that u court is ,rnpartial, it
Jrr.Ll
miist-also be
' r.tl as irnpartial.-*
l)('r'r
lfrltpliasis supl ,reil)
f -i/,

'nl)-y.;lioy.
[)11, ,,,,,1,,.
'eSee
Prat/en/i,i,' l).;i, .
t"
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