1.

A transformer consist of the following:

A.
B.
C.
D.

An inductance and resistance

A parallel resonant circuit
A capacitor and an inductor
Two coils wound on a common core
ANSWER:
D
2.

it uses an inductive coupling

it is magnetically coupled
it is a static device
it is electrically coupled
ANSWER:
C

turns ratio
copper loss
leakage reactance
turns impedance
ANSWER:
B

the leakage reactances of both windings

are equal
ANSWER:
B
10.

good electrical coupling

loose magnetic coupling
tight magnetic coupling
best inductive coupling
ANSWER:
C
11.

power and voltage

power and current
power and impedance
voltage per turn and ampere-turns
ANSWER:
D
12.

less than that of the secondary

greater than that of secondary
exactly twice that of secondary
almost equal as that of secondary
ANSWER:
D
13.

When the transformer secondary winding is

short-circuited, its primary inductance will

A.
B.
C.
D.

become zero
decrease
increase
not be affected
ANSWER:
C
7.

Cooling system for transformers with ratings

less than 5kVA

14.

forced-air cooling
oil-cooling
natural air cooling
water cooling
ANSWER:
C
For transformers, zero efficiency happens when
it has
A. no-load
B. 1/2 of full-load
C. 2/3 of full-load

At very low frequencies, transformers woks

poorly because

A.
B.

its magnetizing current will be very high

its core permeability will be greatly
increased

C.

its core permeability will be greatly

reduced

D. its impedance will increase

ANSWER:
A

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

In transformers, the amount of copper used in

the primary is

A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

What are the two parameters in transformers

that are the same in both primary and
secondary?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Short-circuit test with transformers is always

done on what winding?
low-voltage
high-voltage
primary
secondary
ANSWER:
A

In constructing transformers, the primary and

secondary windings should have

A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

copper loss is zero

copper loss is equal to constant loss
the primary and secondary windings are
equal

D.

Open-circuit test with transformers is always

done on what winding?
low-voltage
high-voltage
primary
secondary
ANSWER:
A

For transformers, maximum efficiency happens

when

A.
B.
C.

With transformer, what is measured when

performing open-circuit test?

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

9.

Transformer is considered by many as an

efficient device due to the fact that

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

D. full-load
ANSWER:
A

What will happen if a power transformer is to be

operated at a very high frequency?
A. it will have a very high core loss

B.
C.

its impedance will decrease

its core permeability will be greatly
increased
D. its core permeability will be greatly
reduced
ANSWER:
A
15.

How are the primary and secondary coupled in

autotransformers?

A.
B.

electrically
magnetically

C.
D.

electrically and magnetically

capacitively
ANSWER:
C
16.

23.

17.

B.
C.
D.

27.

the one with no losses and leakage

reactance
the one with 100% regulation
the one with zero efficiency

the one with

secondary
ANSWER:
A

equal

primary

the higher is the voltage

the lower is the voltage
the lower is the impedance
the higher is the current
ANSWER:
A
28.

________ currents are wasteful currents which

flows in cores of transformers and produces
heat.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Residual
Eddy
Sneak
Magnetizing
ANSWER:
B

What is true about core-type transformers?

A.
B.
C.
D.

It has a shorter magnetic path

It has a longer magnetic path
It has a very long magnetic path
It has an infinite magnetic path
ANSWER:
A

What is the effect of air gaps at the transformer

core?
Its reluctance is decreased
It increases eddy current
It decreases hysteresis loss
It increases magnetizing current
ANSWER:
D

In transformer windings, the more number of

turns

A.
B.
C.
D.

and

A.
B.
C.
D.

22.

less than that of

greater than that of
a factor of
the same as
ANSWER:
D

Considered as an ideal transformer

A.

In transformers, the voltage per turn at the

primary is ________ the secondary.

A.
B.
C.
D.

In ________ transformers, when its primary is

energized the secondary should never be opencircuited.
power
voltage
current
matching
ANSWER:
C

21.

reactive power
apparent power
virtual power
ANSWER:
C
26.

A.
B.
C.
D.

The increase in temperature in a transformer is

mainly due to
A. true power

B.
C.
D.

Generally, in what application you consider the

use of core-type transformers?
A. low voltage and low current
B. low voltage and high current
high voltage and low current
high voltage and high current
ANSWER:
C

20.

copper loss to decrease

eddy current to decrease
voltage drop in the windings
ANSWER:
D
25.

C.
D.

Leakage flux in transformers will cause

A. copper loss to increase

B.
C.
D.

What do you think will happen to a transformer

when its primary is connected to a DC supply?
A. It will become more efficient
B. It will become less efficient
It will have good regulation
It might burn out
ANSWER:
D

19.

will also increase

will decrease
will become infinite
nothing will happen
ANSWER:
D
24.

C.
D.

18.

A.
B.
C.
D.

In a single-phase transformer, the core flux is

A. constant
B. pulsating
C. alternating

D. alternating and sometimes stable

ANSWER:
C

What will happen to the eddy current loss in

transformers when the load is increased?

29.

Practically how many percent is copper loss to

the total loss in transformers?

A.
B.
C.
D.

15%
50%
85%
100%
ANSWER:
30.

What is the purpose of laminating the core of a

transformer?
A. to decrease eddy current loss
B. to increase eddy current loss
C. to decrease copper loss

The circuit that converts this ac-voltage to a dcvoltage is called

A. rectifier
B. clamper

D. to decrease hysteresis loss

ANSWER:
A
31.

Large transformers have approximately an

efficiency of

A.
B.
C.
D.

25%
45%
75%
95%
ANSWER:
32.

38.

The loss in a transformer due to the changing

field is called
leakage
hysteresis loss
eddy loss
keeper
ANSWER:
B

coupling factor
mutual coupling
coefficient of coupling
hysteresis factor
ANSWER:
C

moving the coils apart

inserting an iron core
moving the coils close
reducing the reluctance
ANSWER:
A
35.

39.

Each diode can cool-off during half of

each input cycle

B.
C.

The ripple frequency is lower

The tube will conduct during both halves
of the input cycle
D. Output voltage is lower with more ripple
ANSWER:
C
One of the following items below is not one of
the main components of an alternating current
power supply.

45%
63.6%
90%
ANSWER:
40.

Percent ripple of a half-wave rectifier.

24%
48%
63.6%
121%
ANSWER:

41.

Calculate the dc-voltage at the output of a halfwave rectifier with a 12Vrms input.

A.
B.
C.
D.

2.7 V
3.8 V
4.5 V
5.4 V
ANSWER:
42.

To double the capability of the half-wave

rectifier, a _______ must be used.

A.
B.
C.
D.

full-wave rectifier
full-wave bridge
dual-supply
A or B is correct
ANSWER:
D
43.

Power transformer
Voltage regulator
Rectifier
Filter
ANSWER:
C
Most electronic devices/circuits require dcvoltage to operate. A battery is a good power
source, however, its operating time is limited.
The use of battery also proves to be expensive.
A more practical alternative is to use the
household main supply, and since this is an acvoltage, it must be converted to a dc-voltage.

A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

37.

For a half-wave rectifier, the average output

voltage is _______ of the maximum ac-voltage.
A. 31.8%

B.
C.
D.

An advantage of full-wave rectifier over halfwave rectifier.

A.

36.

full-wave
full-wave bridge
all of the above
ANSWER:
A

Mutual inductance between two coils can be

decreased by

A.
B.
C.
D.

A rectifier that uses either the positive or

negative portion only of the main ac-supply
A. half-wave

B.
C.
D.

The ratio of the amount of magnetic flux linking

a secondary coil compared to the flux generated
by the primary coil:

A.
B.
C.
D.

34.

filter
regulator
ANSWER:
A

A.
B.
C.
D.

33.

C.
D.

Fullwave rectifier defers from fullwave bridge in

what aspect?

A.

fullwave uses two diodes, while four for

fullwave bridge

B.

diodes PIV in fullwave is twice that of

fullwave bridge

C.

fullwave generates
fullwave bridge
D. all of the above
ANSWER:
D
44.

less

heat

than

Common to both full-wave and full-wave bridge

rectifiers
A. dc-voltage

B.
C.
D.

ripple factor
ripple frequency and percent ripple
all are correct
ANSWER:
D
45.

60 V
7.639 V
76.39 V
6.0 V
ANSWER:

54.

55.

49.

increases
becomes infinite
becomes unpredictable
drops to zero
ANSWER:
D
56.

Ripple factor of a full-wave rectifier.

1.44 Vrms
1.77 Vrms
2.88 Vrms
3.54 Vrms
ANSWER:
B

B
57.

50.

To improve the dc output voltage of a power

supply, a _______

A.
B.
C.
D.

shunt resistor may be installed

limiting resistor may be installed
feedback element may be installed
filter capacitor may be installed
ANSWER:
D
51.

Factor(s) that can reduce the ripple voltage of a

power supply.

A.
B.
C.
D.

For a power supply with a peak-to-peak ripple

voltage of 5 Vpp, determine its rms ripple.

A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

0.318
0.48
0.9
1.21
ANSWER:

In capacitor-filtered power supply, what will

happen to the ripple voltage if the load is
disconnected?

A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Calculate the peak-to-peak ripple voltage of a

20 V full-wave power supply with a filter
capacitor C = 220 F when delivering a load
current of 50 mA.
2.0 Vpp
3.79 Vpp
5.67 Vpp
7.9 Vpp
ANSWER:
A

Determine the dc-voltage of a full-wave bridge

rectifier when the input ac-voltage is 24 Vrms.
7.63 V
10.8 V
15.3 V
21.6 V
ANSWER:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Relate the magnitude of the dc-output voltage to

the ac input rms voltage of a full-wave rectifier.
A. VDC = 0.318 Vrms
VDC = 0.45 Vrms
VDC = 0.636 Vrms
VDC = 0.90 Vrms
ANSWER:
D

48.

0.013
0.130
0.94
ANSWER:

The dc-voltage of a full-wave bridge rectifier.

A. 0.318 Vmax

B.
C.
D.

Find the ripple factor (kr) of a sinusoidal signal

with peak ripple of 4 volts on an average of 30.
A. 0.094

B.
C.
D.

0.45 Vmax
0.636 Vmax
0.90 Vmax
ANSWER:
C
47.

a decrease of the ripple frequency

A and B above
ANSWER:
B
53.

B.
C.
D.

Making the filter capacitor large in a power

supply results to
A. an increase of the ripple voltage
B. an increase of the dc-voltage

C.
D.

Find direct current voltage from a full-wave

rectifier with 120 V peak rectified voltage.

A.
B.
C.
D.

46.

52.

filter capacitance
reduction of load current
increase in input frequency
all of the above
ANSWER:
D

A 20-Vdc power supply was found to have a

ripple voltage of 2 Vrms when supplying 1.5
amps load. Calculate its percent ripple.
A. 7.5 %
B. 10.0 %

C.
D.

12.5 %
15.0 %
ANSWER:
58.

Which power supply filter gives the smallest

ripple voltage?
A. capacitor filter

B.
C.
D.

RC-filter
LC-filter
multi-section LC-filter
ANSWER:
D

59.

Ripple voltage in power supplies causes

unwanted effects on the load it is supplying, i.e.
a hum in audio amplifiers. To minimize this
effect several filtering techniques are used,
however, ripple still exists. What is a better
alternative to reduce further the ripples?

A.
B.
C.
D.

truncation
clipping
clamping
regulation
ANSWER:
D
60.

UJT
JFET
ANSWER:

68.

Which regulator is the most efficient?

A. series

5V
6V
7V
ANSWER:

Voltage reference element in most voltage

regulators

69.

A.
B.
C.
D.

diac
thyrector
zener diode
transistor
ANSWER:
C
In voltage regulators, what do you call the
element/device that controls the amount of
current/voltage/power?
A. sampling circuit
B. comparator

70.

The element/device used as a comparator in

most voltage regulators.
A. zener diode
B. BJT

78XX series
79XX series
723 IC regulator
317 regulator
ANSWER:
A
71.

B.
C.
D.

bleeder network
crowbar
bootstrap circuit
ANSWER:
A

most

What is the regulated output voltage of a 7924

regulator?

A.
B.
C.
D.

+4V
-4V
+ 24 V
- 24 V
ANSWER:

Sampling circuit used in

regulators.
A. voltage divider network

Three-terminal fixed positive voltage regulators

commonly used in industry.

A.
B.
C.
D.

C.
D.

65.

A load draws 1 A current from a 10-V regulated

power supply. Calculate the power dissipated
by the regulator if it has an input voltage of 16
V.
6 Watts
10 Watts
12 Watts
16 Watts
ANSWER:
A

limiter
control element
ANSWER:
D

IGBT
op-amp
ANSWER:

A.
B.
C.
D.

C.
D.

64.

A 12 VDC power supply is regulated using 7805

IC and is used in TTL circuits that require a 0.2
amps current. Determine the dropout voltage of
the system.
A. 4 V

B.
C.
D.

shunt
switching
modulating
ANSWER:
B

63.

The most efficient voltage regulator and is

therefore used in high-current high-voltage
applications.
series regulators
shunt regulators
hybrid regulators
switching regulators
ANSWER:
D

B.
C.
D.

62.

A.
B.
C.
D.

A voltage regulator connected in parallel with

the load.
series regulator
parallel regulator
shunt regulator
switching regulator
ANSWER:
C

Most voltage regulators used _______ as their

control element.
A. BJT
B. SBS

C.
D.

67.

A.
B.
C.
D.

61.

66.

voltage
72.

A three-terminal
regulator

A.
B.
C.
D.

317
337
723
741
ANSWER:

variable

positive

voltage

73.

What three-terminal IC regulator that has a

variable negative voltage output?
A. 317
B. 337

A.
B.
C.
D.

ground return regulation

by lifting the regulator above ground
connecting them in series
all of the above
ANSWER:
D

C.
D.

723
741
ANSWER:
74.

In a three-terminal adjustable positive voltage

regulator (317), what is the band-gap voltage
between the output terminal and adjustment
terminal?

A.
B.
C.
D.

1.25 V
2.5 V
3.25 V
4.125 V
ANSWER:
75.

series
shunt
switching
UPS
ANSWER:
C

BJTs and MDs

MOSFETs and IGBT
GTOs and thyristors
all of the above
ANSWER:
D
82.

The three-terminal voltage regulators, such as

the 78XX series has a typical current rating of
1.5 amperes. If a high current is required, say
30 amperes, how will you make modifications
from this regulator in order to provide the
required current?

A.
B.
C.
D.

by cascading them
by the use of a crowbar circuit
by connecting them in parallel
by the use of external pass transistor
ANSWER:
D
77.

What is the simplest way of protecting power

supplies from reverse-polarity/reverse-current
flow?
A. by a forward-biased diode
B. by a reverse-biased diode
C. by a crowbar circuit

to monitor the output current of a power

supply and automatically shuts down the
system when an overload occur.

B.

to monitor the temperature of a power

supply and switches the cooling fan
when a threshold temperature is
reached.
as voltage reference in regulated power
supplies.

C.
D.

as an over-voltage protection in power

supplies.
ANSWER:
D
79.

Technique(s) in using low-power, low-voltage

transistors in high voltage regulators.

A.

very small off-state leakage current and

high on-state current ratings

B.

large forward and reverse blocking

voltage and very small on-sate voltage
short turn-on and turn-off times so that it
can be used in high-speed switching
regulators

D. all of the above

ANSWER:
D
83.

Active devices used in switching regulators may

experience
large
over-currents
during
conduction (turn-on-state) and large overvoltages during turn-off. These excessive
currents and voltages may cause distraction or
damage of the active devices. How do we
protect them?

A.
B.
C.
D.

by the use of a crowbar circuit

by providing a buck-boost circuit
by shunting a thyrector
by installing a snubber circuit
ANSWER:
D

A crowbar circuit is used

A.

In voltage regulators, the control element plays

a major part in providing proper and efficient
regulation.
What
are
the
desirable
characteristics of the control element to be used
if excellent regulator is desired?

C.

D. by a snubber circuit
ANSWER:
B
78.

In switching regulators, what are the

semiconductor devices that can be used as
controllable power switches?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Typical ripple rejection of most three-terminal

voltage regulators
0.1 %
0.8 %
1.2 %
2.0 %
ANSWER:

Which of the regulators dissipates less power

and therefore generates less heat?

A.
B.
C.
D.

81.

A.
B.
C.
D.

76.

80.

84.

One of the major concerns in power electronics

is to clean-up or shape-up the utility-supply
voltage (the wall-outlet 220 V/60 Hz) from
disturbances such as, overvolt, undervolt,
voltage spikes, and harmonic distortions. What
circuit is used for this?

A.
B.
C.
D.

power conditioners
UPS
power inverters
line scanning
ANSWER:
A

85.

A power supply that continuously provides

protection against undervoltage, overvoltage
and even power outages.

A.
B.
C.
D.

standby power supply

uninterruptible power supply
power conditioners
regulated power supply
ANSWER:
B