Professional Documents
Culture Documents
49-55, 1991
Printed in the U,S.A.
0038-092X/91
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Copyright 1991 Pergamon Press plc
2. D A T A A N A L Y S I S
kt = 0.75 exp(-0.0933m)
( 1)
50
A. M. EL-NASHAR
Location : A b u D h a b i . 2 4 . 5 N , 54.3E
/~ar : 1987
k : 0.75 e ('0'0933 r n )
t
1.0
x~
.8-
~!,..~,..,
,6"
il
~1
. . - . .,
".
E
o
.2-
0c
Air mass. m
(2)
Gbl(]/m)
where P is the atmospheric transmittance, Gb is the
instantaneous beam radiation on a horizontal surface,
1.00
0.80
JAN
O. 60
NOV
O. 40
.... ~
~..~....~
~.
"G
0.20
d = 0.123 + 0.0894m.
The collected data on the diffuse fraction were also
sorted out according to the air mass and the month of
the year, and were fitted to polynomials of the second
degree. The resulting correlations for the different
m
oir mQss
51
year : 1987
m= [14 -16)
d= 0"~23,008936m
--
1.0
~ ' ".
\.
s~
o
.6-
2 4 '
e~ ,
,.':
....
.ll :~" '~' " ' " '
':
,..
--
d:10985ei256kt )
"
.4-
'
:'"
",
.2J
lb'
Air mass, m
Clearness
(4)
= GoP m
p = [ r,exp( -- hf+,rnz+)
- rxl(l/m)
l
.
n
idex,kt
(5)
kb = -
Gb
(6)
Go
= (1 - d)kt
3.5)
1.00
-I~
g
+d
g
~
0.80
~....
_J
Jl~.v
x~
,.../
0.60
.8-
~ ,
.6-
040
JAN
=~ .~c3
0.20
.20 O0
2
m
air m u s s
(7)
C~eomess index, kt
52
A.M. EL-NASHAR
atmospheric trenumltlafloe, P
0.8 ~:
Month
o . e ~ ;
i~ - ~ - ~ '
o.( ...............................................................................
o.= .................................................................
Value of constant a
Value of constant b
0.66
0.65
0.57
0.61
0.54
0.47
0.45
0.54
0.56
0.59
0.59
0.65
0.013
0.018
0.026
0.014
0.027
0.006
0.006
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.010
January
February
March
April
May
:30
13
8:0
i
9.30
i
10:30
i
11:30
I
12:30
i
13:30
i
t
14=30 1 & 3 0
i
16:30
17:30
time of day
--
J a n u a r y 1987
June
July
August
September
- 4 - - J u n e 1987
(8)
Similar to the atmospheric transmittance, the extinction coefficient was also found to be influenced by the
air mass and the season of the year. For a particular
day, the extinction coefficient is largest near noontime
(lowest air mass) and then drops down as we move
away from noon time. This trend is shown clearly in
Fig. 8 which gives two plots of fie versus m obtained
from least-squares fit of experimental data obtained
for January and June 1987. One can observe from these
figures that the extinction coefficient is a strong function of the season of the year. This again reflects the
seasonal variation in the condition of the atmosphere
as influenced by its content of dust and water vapor
(humidity), and possibly other constituents.
For any particular day, the atmospheric transmittance was found to depend on the air mass and the
month of the year. The relationship between the atmospheric transmittance and the air mass is approximately linear and the experimental data were therefore
fitted to a straight line of the form P ( m ) = a + b. m,
where the constants a and b are dependent on the
month of the year. The value of these constants which
were obtained for Abu Dhabi using the 1987 data and
are given in Table 1.
With the atmospheric transmittance known, it is
now possible to estimate the extinction coefficient/38
October
November
December
1.00
beam transmittance
~"
c
.M
0.80
0`60
s"
.~
0`'tO
._c
0.20
~b "~' .4....
0.00
t
2
air
3
m
mass
0
1.5
rn
air mass
t .....
pressure of water vapor, p,, as: y = 0.25p, with p, having the unit of mbar. o is/~ngstrom's turbidity coefficient which, according to ref. 4, ranges between 0.01
and 0.3.
From eqn (10) we can write the beam fraction in
terms of the different trasmittances
ittanee
0
1.5
m
a i r mass
kb(m, y, a) = r a ( m ) ' r w ( m , y)
Gb = Go* T a
(10)
* Tw " Tr " Tm
= 10 -(0"002m)
( 11)
rw(m,y) = 10 -[('4y''+O'Oty)ml
rr( m )
53
rm(m, o) = 10 -(0"666"m)
(12)
(13)
(14)
where y (in cm) is the precipitable water in the atmosphere and may be estimated in terms of the partial
0.1.
JanuQry 1987
"~
0.2
7'07,'*o
. . --" ~ e7
ko,
J
1.0
2.0
(15)
3.0
oir m o s s . m
&.O
S.O
Fig. 11. The diffuse transmittance vs. the air mass for January 1987, Bs = 0.8fie.
54
0.8
A.M.
EL-NASHAR
0.2
0.1
/___-------------
air melts, m
*
0ata
--
kd - O.fi(~u-kb)
kd = 0.5(ru -- kb).
Go(x) = G o r , e x p ( - ~ d n x )
r(x) =
J)~'(x)i
ffr(x)f + fbr(x)o
(16)
(17)
4. CONCLUSION
Based on instantaneous measurements taken during
1987 for the global and diffuse radiation in Abu Dhabi,
the clearness index, diffuse fraction, atmospheric
transmittance, and the extinction coefficient were correlated against the air mass and month of the year.
The diffuse fraction was also found to depend on both
the clearness index as well as the air mass with minimal
seasonal effects. The beam transmittance was estimated
theoretically using the two-layer atmosphere model and
the correlation for the extinction coefficient obtained
previously. This model was found to agree reasonably
well with the experimental data. The diffuse transmittance was estimated using both the RSC model as well
as the isotropic scattering model; the results from both
these models were compared with the measured data.
The agreement appeared good.
NOMENCLATURE
d, b, c
and
rb = exp(-B~x)
The terrestrial diffuse radiation was obtained by
Suehrcke and McCormick[8] by integrating the
expression for dGa from x = 0 to x = L after substituting for dG, and r ( x ) , thus
Ga = GoTu | L
do
ff'rf
d x (18)
f~I + fb~o
(19)
Greek
t~e extinction coefficient
Bo extinction coefficientdue to absorption
Os extinction coefficientdue to scattering
REFERENCES
55