EXPERIMENT NO.

8
OBJECTIVE: To establish a direct communication link between Uplink transmitter and
Downlink receiver using tone signal.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Connecting cables.
THEORY:
To radiate or receive electromagnetic waves an antenna is required.
Antenna is system of elevated conductors which couples or matches the
transmitter or receiver to free space. A transmitting antenna connecting
to a transmitter by transmission line, forces electromagnetic waves in to
free space which travel in space with velocity of light.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200 MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Keep the uplink transmitter frequency to 1200 MHz.
16. Keep the downlink receiver frequency to 1200 MHz.
17. Now connect Tone out signal to tone input of the uplink transmitter by
patch cord.
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18. Keep downlink receiver voice switch in the on position and you will be
able to hear tone in the speaker of receiver.
19. This is a test link for direct communication between transmitter and
receiver.
20. Connect any other audio signal to the Audio2 of uplink transmitter and
you will hear the music in the speaker of downlink receiver.
RESULT:
A clear music indicates that the microwave link has been successfully set
up between Uplink transmitter and Downlink receiver.
DISCUSSION:
Direct Communication link is established without using satellite as a
transponder.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO. 9
OBJECTIVE: To setup an Active satellite link and demonstrate link fail operation.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
Connecting cables
THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency,which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
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signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances

between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

TRANSMITTER

TRANSPONDER

RECEIVER

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2 .Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3 .The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
5. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
6. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
7. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200 MHz.
8. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
9. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
10. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
11. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
12. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
13. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7m.
14. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
15. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
16. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
17. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
18. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
19. Now connect a tone output to tone input of the uplink transmitter by
patch cord.
20. Keep downlink receiver voice switch in the on position and you will be
able to hear tone in the speaker of receiver.
21. This is a test link for Active satellite communication.
22. Connect any other audio signal to the Audio 2 of uplink transmitter
and you will hear the music in the speaker of downlink receiver.
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RESULT:
The above set up shows that a successful satellite communication link has
been set up between transmitter and receiver.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO.10
OBJECTIVE: To establish an AUDIO-VIDEO satellite link between Transmitter and
Receiver.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
Monitor
Connecting cables
THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency, which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will come on.
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3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The frequency can be
changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150 -1200 MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be used to tune any
frequency from 950- 1500MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a distance of 5-7m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by mains switch.
17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which will switch off the
receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on transmitter side will switch off
transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder receiver frequency also
to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect the Audio/Video signal at the input socket provided on the Uplink Transmitter,
Video at video input and audio at audio 1 input.
22. Connect TV monitor to the Audio/Video o/p of downlink receiver. Set TV in AV mode.
23. The TV monitor will display video and audio signal that you have connected to uplink
transmitter input.
RESULT:
The monitor display shows that a successful audio and video link has been
establish between Transmitter and Receiver through satellite.
DISCUSSION:
The quality of signal is much improved with active satellite specially when
distances between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO.11
OBJECTIVE: To communicate VOICE-signal through satellite link.
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APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
Microphone
Connecting cables
THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200 MHz.
10 The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
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17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect mike i/p at the socket marked MIC on the uplink transmitter.
22. Connect the voice link of uplink transmitter and downlink receiver.
23. Speak in the mike and you will hear the same sound in the speaker of
receiver.
RESULT:
The above shows a successful established of voice link between
transmitter and receiver.
DISCUSSION:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency, which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO.12
OBJECTIVE: To change different combinations of uplink and downlink frequencies and
to check the communication link.
APPARATUS NEEDED
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
Monitor
Connecting cables
THEORY:
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The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency, which is

higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200 MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect the AUDIO/VIDEO signal at the i/p socket provided on the
uplink transmitter, Video at video input audio at audio 1 input.
22. Connect TV monitor to the Audio/Video o/p of downlink receiver. Set
TV in AV mode.
23. The TV monitor will display video and audio signal that you have
connected to uplink transmitter i/p.
24. Now change uplink transmitter frequency from 1300 to 1250 MHz and
correspondingly the receiver frequency of transponder is to be changed to
1250 MHz you will receive the same quality of signal at the o/p of the
uplink receiver.
25. Now change the downlink frequency of transponder from 1100 to 1150
MHz and similarly change downlink receiver tuning frequency to 1150
MHz. you will be receiving the same quality of signal. Try different
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combinations of uplink and downlink frequency and also by using tuner of

receiver.
26. When the transmitter and receiver both are 1200MHz. you will see the
distortion on monitor because both uplink and downlink frequency are
same and receiver is receiving two links.
RESULT:
The above shows a successful establishment of satellite audio/video link
between uplink transmitter and downlink receiver at different uplink and
downlink frequencies.
DISCUSSION:
When the transmitter and receiver both are 1200MHz, you will see the
distortion on monitor.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO.13
OBJECTIVE: To transmit and receive three separate signals (Audio, Video, Tone)
simultaneously through satellite link.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
VCD Player
Monitor and connecting cables.
THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency, which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7 m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect the AUDIO/VIDEO signal at the i/p socket provided on the
uplink transmitter, Video at video input audio at audio 1 input. And
connect tone out signal to Audio 2 input of the uplink transmitter by patch
cord.
22. Connect TV monitor to the Audio/Video o/p of downlink receiver. Set
TV in AV mode. Keep downlink receiver voice switch in the on position.
23. The TV monitor will display video and audio signal that you have
connected to uplink transmitter i/p.and you will be able to hear tone in the
speaker of receiver.
RESULT:
Three separate signals (Audio, Video, Tone) are successfully received at
downlink receiver through satellite communication link.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.
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EXPERIMENT NO.14
OBJECTIVE: To transmit and receive function generator waveforms through satellite link.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
Function generator
CRO
Connecting cables
THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
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9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150

-1200 MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect function generator sine wave output to DATA input terminals
provided on uplink transmitter.
22. Connect data o/p of downlink receiver to the oscilloscope.
23. Feed the signal of 1KHz Sine wave and you will observe similar sine
wave of same frequency on Oscilloscope.
24. Change Sine to Square, Triangular, etc and you will observe the same
wave shape on CRO.
RESULT: Function generator waveforms are successfully received at
downlink receiver through satellite communication link.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

EXPERIMENT NO.15
OBJECTIVE: To transmit and receive PC data through satellite link.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
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Uplink Transmitter
Downlink Receiver
Dish antennas
Transponder
2 RS-232 9-pin cables
2 Male to Female RS -232 cable
2 sets of PC
Satellite software and connecting cables.

THEORY:
The Uplink transmitter sends signals at an uplink frequency, which is
higher than downlink frequency to avoid the interference. The quality of
signal is much improved with active satellite specially when distances
between transmitter and receiver are considerable.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1.Connect the satellite uplink transmitter to AC mains.
2. Switch on the transmitter by mains switch and frequency display will
come on.
3. The transmitting frequency can be selected by up down switch. The
frequency can be changed from 1200 -1250-1300 MHz.
4. The transmitter on off switch will switch on off the transmission.
5. Connect X1 antenna to uplink transmitter with BNC BNC cable.
6. Set the o/p gain of uplink transmitter to maximum.
7. Place downlink receiver at a distance of 5-7 m.
8. Connect the downlink receiver to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
9. The downlink receiver frequency can be changed from 1100 -1150
-1200 MHz.
10. The downlink receiver also has tuning potentiometer, which can be
used to tune any frequency from 950- 1500 MHz.
11. Keep the tuning POT fully anticlockwise.
12. The downlink receiver on off switch will switch on off the receiver.
13. Attach R2 antenna to the downlink receiver with BNC BNC cables.
14. Align both the transmitter and receiver antenna in line.
15. Place a satellite transponder between transmitter and receiver at a
distance of 5-7m.
16. Connect the satellite transponder to the AC mains and switch it on by
mains switch.
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17. The receiver side of satellite Transponder has an on off switch, which
will switch off the receiver of the satellite. Similarly on off switch on
transmitter side will switch off transmitter of satellite.
18. Adjust transmitter uplink frequency to 1300 MHz and transponder
receiver frequency also to 1300MHz.
19. Keep downlink frequency of Transponder to 1100MHz.
20. Keep the downlink receiver to 1100MHz.
21. Connect RS -232 cable from uplink transmitter to one set of PC.
22. Connect RS -232 cable from downlink receiver to one set of PC.
23. Switch on the PC and install satellite software on both PC and select
communication port COM 1 on both PC.
24. When the link is established, the typed matter on first set up PC via.
Satellite link.
(If transmitted data is not received correctly then adjust gain POT of
satellite transponder.)
RESULT:
PC data transmitted from first setup PC is received in the second setup PC
via. Satellite link.
PRECAUTION:
1. Connection should be tight.
2. Switch off power supply after performing the experiment.

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