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Homework exercise Antennas, winter term 14/15

The deadline of the homework is strictly 6pm, 15th, February, 2015. The homework
results handed in after the deadline will be rejected.
Everybody has to do his/her homework individually.
All the results should be packed with the name ID_Name in .rar/.zip format, which
includes Matlab source code in .m format together with the document of all the
required numeric output and charts in PDF or Microsoft Word97-2003 format. The
email addresses for handing in the homework results is nickel@imp.tu-darmstadt.de .
The notes will not be announced and will be added to the examination notes directly.

Task 1

1.1 Basic antenna modeling


Consider a finite length dipole as in exercise 1.1.1. The radiated power density is given by

k
cos cos cos
2

I
2

2
Sav 0 20 2
8 r
sin

Make a polar plotting and a rectangular plotting of the power density for l=/2 and
l=5/4. Assume I0 =0.1A and r=1 km
Find the main direction numerically, i.e. not by calculating analytically and not by
reading from the graph. Assume the same conditions as before
Determine the totally radiated power Prad for l=/2 and l=5/4 using the same
conditions as before.
In case you see grating lobes, determine the first zero position and the grating lobe
height with respect to the main direction, again numerically, i.e. not by calculating
analytically and not by reading from the graph.

Task 2
Image theory
1) In the case of task 3.2.1, plot the normalized far-field electrical field strength in the Z>0
region with the presence of:
a. Concrete ground plane at Z=0 (r=5; 0).
b. Perfect conducting ground plane at Z=0 ( ).

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

solid - concrete ground plane (r=5 ; 0).


dashed - perfect conducting ground plane ( ).

Far-field pattern:

Additionally, numerically find the corresponding angular directions of the maximum farfield strength.
2) Use numerical integration functions to calculate the directivity, expressed in dBi, and
radiation resistance in the task 3.2.2.
1
D0
4
2

0 0

c ,
0 0

/ 2 2

sin d d

0 sin cos 2 cos sin d d

/2

D0

cos 2 cos
2
d 2 0.61
sin

4
3.27
2 0.61

D0, dB 10 lg D0 5.16dBi

3) The increasing use of UHF and low microwave frequencies for communications has raised
interest in the corner reflector antenna as shown in the following figure because it offers high
gain with simple construction. Applications of the corner reflector antenna include the use as
an array element for base station antennas for mobile communication systems.
A first approximation for the analysis of this type of antenna is to assume the reflector to be of
infinite size as shown in the following figure
y
y

90
d

a)

x
x

b)
Dipole antenna in corner reflector.

a. Derive an expression for the normalized far-field pattern in dependence of ,


using the image theory approach for the dipole that is parallel to the metal sheet.
The element position on the x-axis is d=/2.
b. Plot the normalized far-field pattern a) c (, =0) and b) c (=90,) in dB.
c. Under the condition of d=/4 and d=, revise the expression of normalized farfield pattern, and plot on a) c (, =0) and b) c (=90,) in dB.

Task 3
Parabolic Reflector Antenna
1) In the case of exercise 4.3, plot the aperture field strength in dependence of , with
assumption of fp/D={0.25, 0.4, 10}.

2) Write a general matlab routine to plot far-field pattern for arbitrary fp/D, D (in meter) and
frequency F (in Hz). For examples, plot the pattern of fp/D= {0.25, 0.4, 10}, D=2m,
F=6GHz.

3) In the case of task 6, plot the spill-over efficiency s, the taper efficiency t and the
aperture efficiency ap in dependence of the ratio fp/D.

4) Numerically find the optimal fp/D for maximal aperture efficiency. Calculate the
corresponding directivity at the given frequency and the diameter.

Task 4
Array Antennas
Consider a problem as in exercise 4
z
I9
I8
I7
I6
I5
I4
I3
I2
I1
I0

d
y

Write a matlab subroutine which looks like the following:


function dblvectC = CalcAF(nRadiators, dblNLambda, dblDeltaAlpha, nSteps)

nRadiators is the number of isotropic radiators, dblNLambda is the radiator distance in


N x and dblDeltaAlpha is the current phase shift between neighboring radiators.
dblvectC is the resulting normalized radiation pattern discretized in nSteps.
Provide the following plots for the maximum directivity D0 vs.:
number of radiators (2 to 10), =0, distance /4.
distance between radiators from /8 to in 10 steps, =0, 5 radiators
from 0 to /2 in 20 steps, 5 radiators, distance /2
D0

D0

?
nRadiators

dblNLambda

D0

?
dblDeltaAlpha

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