,source of air pollution ( 1

Air can be polluted with a various types of pollutant. These pollutant may
. be produces by various sources
..A ) Natural sources : are eruptions of volcanoes , soil erosion etc
B ) Anthropogenic sources : are represented by stationary sources
like ( different industries , sources of fossil fuel
combustions , mobile sources like auto vehicle or
aeroplans )
Both sources produce pollutants like carbon monoxide , nitrogen
oxides , sulfur oxides , suspended particles and
. hydrocarbons
: an acute episode of pollution may arise due to
meteorological condition , geographical condition , thermal
. inversion and atmospheric calm

sulfur dioxide , sources , health effects ( acute and ( 4

chronic )

There are : stationary sources

Mobile sources

There are : Natural sources (volcanic eruption )

Anthropogenic : 1- burn of fossil fuel in power plants
burn of biomass -2
industrial emissions -3
traffic -4

: Health effects of sulfur dioxide

: A ) chronic effects

Eyes irritation
Respiratory tract irritation
Coughing
Mucus secretion
Wheezing
Aggravates asthma
Aggravates chronic bronchitis
Increase incidence of respiratory infections
Impaired pulmonary function
Cardio-pulmonary diseases

B ) acute effects :

Burning of the nose and throat

Breathing difficulties
Severe airways obstruction
Death

The risk population is represented by the children , they are more

vulnerable than the adults because they may be exposed to more sulfur
dioxide than adults because they breath more air for their body weight
than the adults .
children with asthma may be especially sensitive even to low
concentration of sulfur dioxide.

5 ) ozone , sources , health effects (acute and chronic)

The production of photochemical oxidants (ozone) usually occurs over

several hours which mean that the highest concentrations of ozone
normally occur on summer afternoons, in areas downwind of major
sources of ozone precursors .
Combustion processes ( motor vehicle engines , power stations ) are
major sources of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
that react in sunlight to form photochemical oxidants (OZONE)

Effects of ozone :
A ) chronic : ozone can affect the human cardiac and respiratory systems
, irritating the eyes , nose , throat and lungs .

B ) acute : ( upper respiratory , lower respiratory , non-respiratory

)
Upper respiratory :

Itchy and watery eyes

Sore throats
Swelling within the nasal passages
Irritates the upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory :

Inflammation produced by irritant effect of ozone

Ozone makes persons with asthma more susceptible to the
allergens
Ozone may provoke asthmatic attacks in people who already have
asthma

Non respiratory :

Fatigability

headache