Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Voltage Unbalance
Zia Emin
National Grid Transco
Network Design
System Policy & Support
V(Yellow)
0.4
V(Blue)
0.3
0.2
V(pu)
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
0
0.01
0.02
Time(Seconds)
0.03
0.04
V (pu)
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
Todays Talk
BACKGROUND
MEASUREMENTS
HARMONIC
STUDIES
ESTIMATE
TOTAL HARMONIC
VOLTAGES
EMISSION
LIMITS
(ZAh)
Node A
VAh=Ih . ZAh
Node B
AE
Ih
GA
Polluting Load
400kV
132kV
MV
Node E
G AC
Node H
VHh=GAHh . VAh
Node C
0.5
intact system
system condition 1
system condition 2
Zmag (pu)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
12
14
harmonic number
16
18
20
22
24
Voltage Gains
8.0
7.0
G AB
G AE
voltage gain
6.0
G AH
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
10
12
14
harmonic number
16
18
20
22
24
Background Measurements
th
Harmonic Voltage
3.0%
Magnitude
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
3.50%
new load
background
3.00%
th
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
A (400kV)
B (132kV)
Nodes
E (11kV)
Phase Unbalance
Balanced Phases
Unbalanced Phases
Vseq
V1 pps
V
1nps
V1zps
=
V2 pps
V2 nps
V2 zps
I seq
I1 pps
I
1nps
I1zps
=
I 2 pps
I 2 nps
I 2 zps
Z seq
Z11
Z
21
Z
= 31
Z 41
Z 51
Z 61
Z12
Z13 Z14
Z15
Z 22
Z 32
Z 42
Z 52
Z 62
Z 23
Z 33
Z 43
Z 53
Z 63
Z 25
Z 35
Z 45
Z 55
Z 65
Z 24
Z 34
Z 44
Z 54
Z 64
Z16
Z 26
Z 36
Z 46
Z 56
Z 66
0.023 78
=
Z
seq 0.013 81
0.015 151
0.010 125
0.027135
0.25686
0.025 108
0.015 31
0.013 101
0.01078
0.025 108
0.023 78
0.77882
0.010114
0.01043
0.43678
0.013 101
0.015 151
0.01043
0.25686
0.02715
0.02511
0.015 31
0.013 81
0.010114
0.027163
0.25686
0.023161
0.010 76
0.010 125
0.43678
0.023161
0.02511
0.77882
outaged
outaged
C
outaged
1000
1.00%
outage of C - B
line taken at this
point
outaged
0.90%
flow from A to B
800
0.80%
700
0.70%
600
NPS voltage at C
0.60%
500
0.50%
400
0.40%
300
0.30%
flow from A to C
200
100
0.20%
0.10%
flow from C to B
0
0.00%
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00
time (hr)
900
NPS
Volts
%
Flow
Gen
0
0
25
50
Line Length kM
75
100
0.5
95th percentile
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Effects of Phasing
RYB
NPS/ZPS
Currents
Maximised
NPS/ZPS
Voltages
Maximised
RYB YBR BRY
YBR
BRY
RYB
RBY
BYR
YBR
YRB
BRY
Unbalanced Loads
Optimum Phase-Pair Allocation
1.2
1.2
-------- 0.9pf
-------- 1.0pf
90
1
-------- 0.9pf
-------- 1.0pf
Y-B load
90
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
180
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
Y-B load
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
180
1.2
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-0.2
-0.2
B-R load
B-R load
-0.4
-0.4
-0.6
-0.6
-0.8
-0.8
R-Y load
-1
-1.2
270
-1
-1.2
R-Y load
270
1.2