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BIOMOLECULES
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proteins are the polymers of about twenty different amino acids which are
linked by peptide bonds. Ten amino acids are called essential amino acids
because they can not be synthesised in our body, hence must be provided
through diet.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vitamins are necessory food factors required in the diet. They are classified
as fat soluble (A, D, E and K) and water soluble (B group and C).
10.
Nucleic acid are responsible for the transfer of characters from parents to
offsprings.
11.
There are two types of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. DNA contains a five
carbon sugar molecule called 2-deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.
12.
Both DNA and RNA contain adenine, guanine and cytosine. The fourth
base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. The structure of DNA is double
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XII Chemistry
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DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and has the coded message for
proteins to be synthesised.
14.
There are three types of RNA, i.e., m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA which actually
carry out the protein synthesis in the nucleus.
15.
Human stomach does not have any enzyme capable of breaking cellulose
molecules and thus we cannot digest cellulose.
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Glucose is an aldose sugar but it does not react with sodium hydrogen
sulphite. Give reason.
[Hint : The CHO group reacts with OH group at C5 to form a cyclic
hemiacetal].
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
XII Chemistry
AK
13.
Name the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis in the
cell.
19.
The two strands in DNA are not identical but complementary. Explain.
[Hint : H-bonding is present between specific pairs of bases present in
stands.]
20.
21.
What type of linkage holds together the monomers of DNA and RNA.
[Hint :Phosphodiester linkage]
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
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30.
31.
XII Chemistry
AK
2.
cellulose.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(i)
(ii)
7.
8.
9.
10.
(iv)
11.
You have two amino acids, i,e. glycine and alanine. What are the structures
of two possible dipeptides that they can form?
12.
What are essential and non essential amino acids? Give one example of
each type.
13.
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XII Chemistry
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14.
15.
16.
denaturation of protein
(b)
specificity of an enzyme.
17.
18.
(i)
(ii)
19.
(ii)
a glycosidic linkage?
[Hint : (i) Peptide linkage refers to the CONH linkage formed by reaction
between COOH group of one amino acid with NH2 group of the other
amino acid.
(ii)
Glycosidic linkage refers to COC linkage between two sugars
formed by loss of H2O.]
20.
Give the sources of vitamin A and E and name the deficiency diseases
resulting from lack of vitamin A and E in the diet.
21.
What are the main functions of DNA and RNA in human body.
How
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3.
XII Chemistry
AK