Chaos and Complexity Tutorial Sheet

Shaun Lahert 086686880

October 26, 2014
Sine Map

Question 1
Using the python script SineMap1.py the attractor values were found to be:
Table 1
Control Parameter
Attractor Points
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
4.9406564584124654324
0.3
5.434722104253712 10323
0.4
0.36408841221295224
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.58078170515303462
0.7
0.63656150853477955
0.8 0.79756598943548074 and 0.47516343477931611
The graph for the control parameter vs the attractor points was then plotted using the
same script:

Fig 1 - Plot of Attractor Points vs Control Parameter

Allowing the script to iterate a much larger range of control parameters results in the
familiar bifurcation diagram associated with the sine map.

Fig 2 - Plot of Attractor Points vs Control Parameter

Question 2
Sinemap2.py was then used to plot the Sine map(Blue) for the same Control Parameters
as in Table 1 aswell as the its intersection with the function f (x) = x(Green) to find the
fixed points.

The stability of the fixed points were then tested using Sinemap2.py giving the results
Table 2
Control Parameter Fixed Points Stable
0.0
0.0
Yes
0.1
0.0
Yes
0.2
0.0
Yes
0.3
0.0
Yes
0.4
0.36408841
Yes
0.5
0.5
Yes
0.6
0.58078171
Yes
0.7
0.63656151
Yes
0.8
0.678061
No
It was found that somewhere between 0.7 and 0.8 the fixed points become unstable, this
is where the above diagrams in Question 1 first show bifurcation.

Question 3
Sinemap3.py was then used to calculate the Lypanuv exponents for different control
parameters, the script iterated over various starting positions for each control parameter and
found an average giving the results in Table 3:
Table 3
Control Parameter Lypanuv exponent
0.1
-1.92934267398
0.2
-1.43385805456
0.3
-0.642872518834
0.4 -0.000233342856729
0.5
-0.73698974569
0.6
-0.233638852908
0.7
-0.0336337338873
0.8
0.350690743817
0.9
0.99977943671
1.0
0.999788357792
1.1
0.999800071592
1.2
0.897411978695
1.3
0.665927012339
1.4
0.336878705624
1.5
0.541571503458
1.6
0.620580080147
1.7
0.867810569452
1.8
1.07060063012
1.9
0.98163057629
2.0
1.08171086802
In between 0.7 and 0.8 it can be seen that the lypanuv exponent changes from negative
to positive this coincides with the fixed points becoming unstable as mentioned earlier in
question 2.
Employing Sinemap2.py with a smaller step size in the control parameter allows to
find more accurately the control parameter where the fixed point becomes unstable. This is
found to be between 0.715 and 0.72 of the control parameter which corresponds to lypanuv
exponents of 0.0262561075077 and 0.0427385712426.

Question 4
Starting with:
2 + 02 2 = C
g
2 + 2 = C
l
1 2 2 1
1
1
ml + mgl2 = ml2 C (Multiplying by ml2 )
2
2
2
2
1 2 2
1
2
ml + mgl(1 cos ) = ml2 C (As cos 1 )
2
2
2
1 2
Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy = ml C = Total Energy E
2
Therefore we have that:
C=

2E
ml2

Question 5
Using Tentmap2.py the map was plotted for 0.4 and 0.8 along with the function f (x) =
x to understand the nature of the fixed points.

Graphically it can be seen that when r < 0.5 the only fixed point should be zero and
when r > 0.5 there is one fixed point at some value xf > 0.5.
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Using this information we can get rid of the absolute value in the formula and solve.
For r < 0.5 we then have:

1
x = r(1 + 2(x ))
2
x = r2x

Hence x = 0 for r < 0.5

For r > 0 we have:

1
x = r(1 2(x ))
2
2r
x=
1 + 2r

Question 6
Using PhasePortrait.py to evaluate
gives table 4:

d
d

= 12

on the x,y grid [2, 2] [2, 2]

Table 4
-2
-1
0
1
2

-2
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5

-1
0
1
2
-2.5
1.5 0.5
-1.5
0.5 0.0
-0.5
0 -0.5 -0.5
0.5 -1.5 -1.0
1.5 -2.5 -1.5

Which gives the phase portrait:

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