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Class # 8P
Energy Management
Basic concepts
Process / Activities
(square matrix)
Product Availability
Activity
Matrix
=
Activity Level
Products
Activity matrix: Defines the amounts of products/energy consumed or produced per unit of final product in each
process. An input to the process (process consumption) is defined as a negative quantity, while the output is
defined as a positive quantity (process production).
Activity level: Defines the production of each process, i. e., the total amount of final product produced in that
process.
Product availability: Defines the amount of final products available at the end of the whole production process.
Slide 2 of 53
Energy Management
Basic concepts
A
1
2
3
Ener
A
A11
A21
A31
A41
B
A12
A22
A32
A42
C
A13
A23
A33
A43
Ener
A14
A24
A34
A44
T
T1
T2
T3
T4
a
a1
a2
a3
a4
By definition A14 = A24 = A34 = 0 (no energy consumption in the products), and A44 = A41 + A42 + A43 = 1 (all energy
consumed in the process must equal the delivered to the whole process).
If the final products of process A, B, and C are 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In this case A11 = A22 = A33 = A44 = 1.
So, to determine the activity level required at each process to fulfill a specific final production, we have:
[A]-1 * [a] = [T]
for example, if we wish to determine the activity level required to produce one unit of product 3,
[a] = [ 0 0 1 0]T
Slide 3 of 53
Energy Management
Slide 4 of 53
Energy Management
Losses
Losses
cST = 20 kJ/kg4
cS = 5 kJ/kg3
1 Raw materials
cO = 200 kJ/kg2
Oven
(2)
Selection
(3)
Boundary
Slide 5 of 53
Energy Management
A*T
RM
1 1.1814
2
0
3
0
4
0
Ener -59.07
O
-1.181
1.122
0
0
-224.5
A
-1.053
1
0
0
-200
1
2
3
4
Ener
A-1
RM
A
B
C
Ener
RM
1
0
0
0
-50
1
1
4E-17
2E-17
0
50
S
0
-1.122
1.010
0
-5.051
B
0
-1.111
1
0
-5
ST
Ener
0
0
0
0
-1.01
0
1
0
-20 308.59
C
Ener
0
0
-1.01
1
-20
2
3
4
1.0526 1.1696 1.1814
1 1.1111 1.1223
0
1 1.0101
0
0
1
252.63 285.7 308.59
*
0
0
0
0
1
Ener
*
0
0
0
0
1
T
=
1.181
1.122
1.010
1
308.6
a
=
0
0
0
1
0
a
0
0
0
1
0
T
1.181
1.122
1.010
1
308.6
Slide 6 of 53
Energy Management
Losses
(1) Imported oil
cR = 100 kJ/kg5
Transport
Boat
2
Refinery
Transport
Truck
4
Boundary
Slide 7 of 53
Energy Management
A*T
1
2
3
4
5
Ener
RMi
6.061
0
0
0
0
0
RMi
1
2
3
4
5
Ener
A-1
RMi
B
RMn
T
R
Ener
B
-6.061
6
0
0
0
-60
RMn
RMn
1
0
0
0
0
0
B
-1.01
1
0
0
0
-10
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
1.0101
1
-2E-17
-2E-17
-6E-18
10
0
0
4.040
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
-4.040
4
0
-20
R
0
-6
0
-4
1
-100
0
0
-1.01
1
0
-5
0
-6
0
-4
1
-100
4
5
-9E-17 6.0606
-9E-17
6
1.0101 4.0404
1
4
-3E-18
1
5
180
Ener
0
0
0
0
0
180
Ener
*
0
0
0
0
0
1
Ener
*
0
0
0
0
0
1
T
=
6.061
6
4.040
4
1
180
a
=
0
0
0
0
1
0
a
0
0
0
0
1
0
T
6.061
6
4.040
4
1
180
Slide 8 of 53
Energy Management
c2 = c4 = cO + SO*c1
Conf.
A_0.33cl
Conf.
B_0.33cl
Glass Oven
4
Boundary
Slide 9 of 53
Energy Management
A*T
1
2
3
4
Ener
A
1
2
3
4
Ener
A-1
RM
O
A
B
Ener
RM
2.206
0
0
0
-22.06
O
-2.206
2.051
0
0
-410.3
RM
O
-1.075
1
0
0
-200
1
0
0
0
-10
1
1
0
6E-18
0
10
A
0
-1.02
1
0
-20
A
0
-1.02
1
0
-20
Ener
0
0
-1.031
0
0
0
1
0
-25 477.32
B
Ener
0
-1.031
0
1
-25
2
3
4
1.075 1.097 1.109
1 1.020 1.031
0
1 2E-16
1E-16 2E-16
1
210.75 235.05 242.27
*
0
0
0
0
1
Ener
*
0
0
0
0
1
T
=
2.206
2.051
1
1
477.3
a
=
0
0
1
0
0
a
0
0
1
1
0
T
1.097
1.020
1
2.15E-16
235.1
=
0
0
0
1
0
T
1.109
1.031
1.99E-16
1
242.3
Slide 10 of 53
Energy Management
PROBLEM 01 - Treatment
Consider the following system and data:
Treatment
PROBLEM 02 - Recycling
Consider the following system and data:
m1 = 1 kg; Energy associated to 1 ~ 0.01kJ/kg;
losses in A ~ 0.1 kg; energy consumption in A 0.714 kJ/kg;
losses in B ~ 0%; energy consumption in B 1,25 kJ/kg;
losses in C ~ 0.1kg; energy consumption in C 2 kJ/kg;
m5 = 0.5 kg
Determine C3.
Recycling
5
C
4
Slide 11 of 53
Energy Management
Treatment
4
C3 = CB + SB*C2 = 5 kJ / kg
SB = 1
SA = 1 / (1-0.2) = 1.25
SAC = 0.2 / 1.25 = 0.16
Slide 12 of 53
Energy Management
A*T
RM
1
2
3
4
Ener
A
-1
0.8
0
-0.2
-1
1
0
0
0
-1
A
-1.25
1
0
-0.25
-1.25
1
0
0
0
1
2
1.25
1
1E-16
0.25
3.75
RM
1
2
3
4
Ener
A-1
RM
A
B
C
Ener
A
1
0
0
0
-1
B
0
-0.8
0.8
0
-1
B
0
-1
1
0
-1.25
Ener
0
0
0
0.2
-1
C
0
0
0
0
4
Ener
0
0
0
1
-5
3
4
1.25 -4E-16
1 -4E-16
1 -3E-16
0.25
1
5
5
Ener
*
0
0
0
0
1
=
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.2
4
0
0
0
0
1
a
0
0
0.8
0
0
=
0
0
1
0
0
T
1.25
1
1
0.25
5
Slide 13 of 53
Energy Management
C1 = 0.01 kJ / kg;
CA = 0.714 kJ / kg;
CB = 1.25 kJ / kg;
Cc = 2 kJ / kg;
Recycling
5
C3 = CB + SB*C2 = 3.763 kJ / kg
C2 = CA + SA*(f1*C1 + f5*C5) = 1.436 kJ / kg
C5 = Cc + Sc*C4 = 2 kJ/kg;
C
4
C4 = 0 kJ/kg;
SB = 1.4 / (1.4 0.6) = 1.750
SA = (1 + 0.5) / (1.5 - 0.1) = 1.071
SC = (0.5 + 0.1) / 0.5 = 1.2
f1 = 66.7%
f2 = 33.3%
Class # 8P :: Input-Output Analysis
Slide 14 of 53
Energy Management
A*T
RM
1
2
3
4
5
Ener
1
0
0
0
0
-0.01
RM
1
2
3
4
5
Ener
1
0
0
0
0
-0.01
A-1
RM
A
B
C
RC
Ener
A
-1
1.4
0
0
-0.5
-1
B
0
-1.4
0.8
0
0
-1
RC
0
0
0
-0.6
0.5
-1
A
-0.714
1
0
0
-0.357
-0.714
0
-1.75
1
0
0
-1.25
0
0
0
-1.2
1
-2
2
1 0.7143
1E-18
1
7E-19 9E-17
3E-19 0.357
4E-19 0.429
0.01 1.436
3
1.25
1.75
1
0.625
0.75
3.763
Ener
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
RC
Ener
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.01
*
*
0
0
0
0
0
1
=
1
1.40
0.8
0.5
0.6
3.01
0
0
0
0
0
1
Ener
0
0
0
1
1.2
2
0
0
0.8
0
0
0
=
0
0
1
0
0
0
T
1.25
1.75
1
0.625
0.75
3.763
Slide 15 of 53
Energy Management
Slide 16 of 53