iL

BEITISH

MUSEUM.

GUIDE

TO

THE GRfflCO-ROMAN SCULPTURES,

IN

GREEK

THE

AND

SECOND

BY

ANTIQUITIES.

ROMAN

PABT

PKINTED

OP

DEPARTMENT

OBDEB

I.

EDITION.

OP

THE

1879.

56
Price

84

"bg

Tit.

1973

.'

!"

Fourpence.

TBUSTEES.

From

the

Lihrary of the

Fogg ^Auseum
Harvard

of Art

University

SYNOPSIS

OF

CONTENTS

THE

or

THE

BRITISH

MUSEUM.

DEPARTMENT

GREEK

AND

OF

ROMAN

ANTIQUITIES

GRjECO-ROMAN

SCULPTURES.

SECOND

EDITION.

LONDON:

PRINTED

BY

ORDER

OF
1879.

THE

TRUSTEES.

HARVARD

COLLEGE

THfDENAT

COLLECTION

JAN.

6, 192C

SALISBURY

aft
/""ran

LIBRARY

FUND

4tL sySs't
libr.m^

museum

UNIVERSITY

HARVAKU

tr"f

Note.

As

"

changes in

will from

time

the

time

of the

arrangement

leries
SculptureGal-

place,visitors are recommended

to apply to the attendant
in charge for information,should any
in the identification of objects in this Guide.
occur
difficulty
Certain

works

form, of which
A. B.

and

to

collections

of

referred to

are

the fuller titles are

Inst, Arch, Bom,

follow

as

Alfred

......

Annali

take

in

an

abbreviated

"

Biliotti.

Annali

dell' Institute* di

Corrispondenza

Archeologica. Roma;

from

in

1829

progress.
Zeit. Berlin

Arch,

Benndorf
BUd,

and

Sch"ne, Ant.

d. Lot,

und
Arch'aologischeZeitung, Denkm'aler
Forschungen. Berlin; from 1849 in
progress.
Benndorf
(O.) und
ken

Mus.

Bildwerke

Museums.
Berichte

K,

d,

Ges. d. Berichte

8.

Wiss,
,

Vorsch,

d.

Kumt-

Mythologie,
"

u,

Museen

Geschichte

d, G.

Buinen

"

Brunn,

K.

Arch,

Napol,

Vorschule

of

Inst.

Arch.

Bullettino

New

Kunst-MythoMuseen

Boms.

Napolitano,

series,1853-9.

dell* Inetituto di
Boma

progress.
Pourtales

Catalogue

Pourt

der

Berlin,

der Griechischen
Braunschweig, 1858r and

Archeologica.

Bom.
Cat

Verzeichniss

Werke.

Stuttgart,1859.
Bullettino
Archeologico
1842-8.

Bullettino

antiker

logie. Gotha, 1854.

Braun
und
(E.) Buinen
Braunschweig, 1854.
Brunn
(H.) Geschichte
Eunstler.

Bullet

Lateranensischen

des

Erklarendes

Abgusse

1872.
Braun
(E.)

anti-

der Wissenschaften.

(C.)

der

Braun,

der

Botticher

Verzeichniss

Die

(R.)

Leipzig,1867.
koniglichen Sachsischen

Gesellschaft

BMicher,

Schone

Corrispondenza
; from

1829

in

(Sale Catalogue).

Paris,1865.
Bockh

G, I,
Clarac
E,

Eckhel,Doct.

Num.
.

Corpus Inscriptionum GraeBerlin,1828-1853.

carum.
Clarac
de
(P, de). Musee
Sculpture.
Paris,1841-1850.
Elgin Collection.
Eckhel
(J.) DoctrinaNumorumVeterum.
(A.)

Vindob.
Ellis

Ellis. T.G

1792-8.

(SirH.)Towneley

Gallery. London,

1846.

Garrucci,Mus.

Lat.

Gerhard, Ant. Blldw.

Garrucci

(Raff.)

Monumenti

del

Lateranense.
Eoma, 1861.
Gerhard
Antike
Bildwerke.
(E.)

chen,

"c.

1828-1844.

Museo
Mun-

Plates,1829-

1839.

Akad.

Abhandl.

akademische
(E.) Gesammelto
Abhandlungen.
Berlin,1866, 1868.

Gerhard
.

REFERENCES

Guattani,M.

I.

(continued).

ABBREVIATED

Guattani.

Monumenti

Boma,
Wand-

Helbig, Campan.

Helbig (W.) Untersuchungen

Campanische Wandmalerei.

malerei.

Montfaucon,Ant. Expliq.
Monumenti
Mom.

of

Derit:maler

Mus.
Mu8.

1873.
Montfaucon

Cap
Marbles

Inediti.
iiber die

Leipzig,

(B. de). L'Antiquite*

expli-

quee et representeeen figures. Paris,

1722-24.
Inst. Arch. Monumenti
Inediti dell' Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica. Boma ;

Mutter, Eandbuch
"

Antichi

1784-89.

....

from 1829 in progress.

Miiller (K. O.)
Handbuch
der ArchaoBerlin,1848.
logieder Kunst.
Denkmaler
Miiller (E. O.)
der alten
Kunst.
Gottingen,1832.
Museum
Capitolinum. Boma, 1750-1782.
Marbles
in the
Description of Ancient
lished
PubBritish Museum.
1812-1861.

by the Trustees of the British

Museum.
Overbeck, GeschidUe d. Gr. Overbeck
(J.) Geschichte der GriechiPlastik.
schen Plastik,2nd ed.
1869-1870.
PhU.Anz.
PhilologischerAnzeiger; Supplement to
PhUologus. Gottingen,1869-1872.
8. "B
Salzmann
and Biliotti.
tory
Smith
and
Porcher, Hist. Smith (B. M.) and Porcher (E. A.) Hisof Discoveries in Gyrene. London,
Disc.
1864.

Spec.Aid.

Sculpt.

selected
Antieut
Sculpture,
the Societyof Dilettanti. London,

Specimens of
by

1809, 1835.

Stephani,Compte-Rendu

Vet. Mon.

Matth.

Mus.
Visconti,

Chiar.

mission
Stephani (L.) Compte-Rendu de la ComImpeYialeArcheologique,StPetersbourg; from 1859 in progress.
Towneley Collection.
MatVenuti
(A.) Vetera Monumenta
thaeiana,1788.
Visconti
Chiaramonti.
(E. Q.) Museo

Milan, 1822.
Icon. Gr.
Mus.

(E. Q.) IconographieGrecque.

Paris,1808-1811.
Pio-ClementinoVisconti (E. Q.) Museo

Visconti
.

P. a

Milan, 1818-1822.
Visconti

Icon. Rom.

hied.

Mon.

Iconographie Bomaine.

Paris,1817-1826.
der alten Kunst,
Wieseler (F.) Denkmaler
of Mullens
continuation
1869, being a

Denkmaler
Wieseler,

WincJcelmann,

(E. Q.)

Ant

Denkmaler.
Winckelmann
Inediti.

(J.)
Boma,

Monumenti

Antichi

1821.

C. T. NEWTON.

GRJ1C0-R0MAN

collection

The

of the

Groco-Boman

Towneley

Sculptures
additions

collection

of

ihe

1824,

busts, bequeathed
from

statues

and

1864,

Pourtales

the

busts

some

Farnese

the

class

general

detached

reliefs; sarcophagi,

marbles

with

ornamented

greater part of these

The

its environs, and

and

Borne

artists

of

Many

period.

them

recognized, with

more

by earlier

works

has

Gra3CO-Boman

generally.
in

Marbles

X.,
in
Mr.

XI.

the

Mr.

and

of

to

of

Photographs

Harrison

of

and

statues

busts.
and

busts

few

some

of

these

in

the

I.

them

will

be

may

the

brated
celeterm

this

lection
col-

sculptures
"Ancient

Parts

V., and

"

in

by Greek

Hence

Parts

most

Boman

the

to

characterize

be

found

recently published by

respectively.
in

these

part, Mythological personages

statues

discovered

executed
;

part

Museum,"
of

round

architectural

ascribed

engraved

subjects represented

most

chiefly

series

two

Caldesi

Iconic

British

the

the

are

figures.

artists.

greater
and

the

certainty, as copies of

used

Bepresentations

The
the

published

been

have

from

in

and

influence

Greek

been

The

be

less of

or

busts

probably

Boman

in

Sculptures

sculptures were

were

under

working

or

may

Knight

marbles

vases,

reliefs

P.

small

1865.

single figures and

groups

The

Palace, purchased

Grsaco-Boman

comprised

in

cipally
prin-

1805.

been

B.

other

and

Collection, purchased

Under

have

Mr.

by

consists
in

Gallery, purchased

important subsequent

most

in

of

SCULPTURES.

The
of

latter
Boman

sculptures
and

are,

scenes,

for
or

series, consisting

Emperors,

is at

present provisionallyarranged along the north

the

the

on

presents itself

Gallery, which

Boman

Hall

Entrance

left of the

the

to

visitor

entering the

first

on

side of

Museum.

This historical series of

the

Augustan

age

which
portraits,
to the

extends

and

from

the

by

the west

end

of

(1.) Head

pilasters
; the

of the

third

of the

middle

in
century, a.d., is arranged chronologically

formed

with

commences

the

ments
compart-

commencing

sequence

room.

Cnseus

Lentulus

Cornelius

Marcel-

found
[?]. This head was
it was
in the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene, With
found
marble
a
an
was
base, on which
inscriptionrecording
of a statue
the dedication
by the people of Cyrene, to
Lentulus
praetor,
Cnasus
Marcellinus, styled here Legate, ProPatron, and Saviour of Cyrene.
found
With this base was
10 in. broad
a square
pedestal,
and
5 ft. high, which
socket in the
fitted into a square
base, and which had at the top a deep socket into which
which
the head fitted. This pedestal,
establishes the connection
between
the base and the head, was
unfortunately

linus, Propraetor of

left behind,

the

of

account

of the

head

of the

on

the

Cyrene

final embarkation

insufficient

expedition.
is

cut

"

marbles,

of transportat the

means

It may

flat,as

of the

if to

be noticed
enable

on

mand
com-

that the back

it to

be

placed

againsta pilaster.
head

This

is beardless

and

encircled with

diadem.

It

singular that it should have been united to its

It is,however,
pedestalin so rude and unsightlya manner.
possiblethat the head originally
belonged to a statue,
broken
and that, after this statue was
by an earthquake or
seems

other

accident,the
If

fashion.
Roman

to

it

whom

head

was

originallybelonged
the

in

remounted
to

relates,it
inscription

this olumsy

statue

of the

is difficult to

encircled

explain why it is
Romans
regardedas
is recorded

Marcellinus

Lentulus
the

the base, was

on

diadem, which

the

regalattribute.

Cnaeus Cornelius

The

with

whose

of P. Cornelius

son

name

tulus
Len-

and
Marcellinus,of the illustrious family of Marcelli,
was

of

man

While

yet

in the latter years of the Eepublic.

he supportedthe cause
of the
man,

note

some

young

againstVerres, B.C. 70. He held the office of

Praetor,b.c. 59, and presidedover the trial of C. Antonius,
The followingyear
he went
the colleague
of Cicero.
to
Syria,and administered that provincefor two years. He
Consul b.c. 56, and took a prominent part in resisting
was
Sicilians

the factious violence

of Clodius

greatlyfavoured, declared

he

Consuls

he had

after the

him

to

be

We

hear

one

very

and
expirationof his Consulship,
is wholly unknown.

his death
It

known.

ever

and Cicero, whose

appears

the

from

authorities

I.
(Kbmische Staatsverwaltung,

p.

first made

74.

Marcellinus

Boman

provinceb.c.

named

in

the

of the

cause

best

little of him
the

periodof

cited

by Marquardt
301) that Cyrene was
The

dedication

Cnaeus Lentulus
on

the

base, is

the Lentulus
Marcellinus,
as
evidentlythe same
person
who, in a fragmentof a Latin historian originally
published
as
having been sent to the
by Pertz in 1849 is mentioned
"new
province of Cyrene" as Quaestor ; and he may be

identified with

further
with

the title of Quaestor appears

struck

in

Spain

Mommsen,
who
was

the Cnaeus

Histoire

thinks

See

Ht.

was

as

Mommsen,

1850, p.

of

de

he

that

probablysent

d. Wiss.

time

some

Lentulus, whose
on

between

la Monnaie

Boman
b.c.

74

name

familycoin
and

69.

See

Bomaine, II. p. 475,

Quaestor in Spain

B.C.

74.

He

wards.
Propraetorto Cyrene shortlyafterin Berichte

d. k. Sachs. Gesellsch.

196.

head,1 ft. 2J
Cyrene,pi.65.

in.

Smith

and

Porcher,Hist,

of Discoveries

in

doogle

nose

unbroken.

have

suffered
head

This

Ht.

from

Pt.

condition
similar
the

character

12J

bust
Ht.

of

Augustus

ft.

in.

8"

This

the

head

finest
is veryof

Augustus

young

Chiar.,IL, pi.26).

; in

good

from

the

condition.

The

nose

head,

which

The

the

The

faoe.
is

Emperor

Rt.

veil

the

on

representedeither

in

not

Hon^
22.

the

nose

island

of

,life. The

accord

with

the

general expression

head

indicates

Pontifex

as

of the

advanced

alters the

and
feature',

that

end

found

was

Capri, represents the Emperor in

does
restored
portion of the nose
of

of the

3.

of Tiberius, veiled.
This

restored.

collection

Ellis, Towneley Gallery, II., p.

1812.

Burke,

(5.) Head

an

in

Augustus;
celebrated

Purchased

Caldesi, Pt. III.,No.

of

Caldesir

restored.

Edmund

rest

statue.

Castellani.

in.

(4.) Head
and

the

to

acid.

an

Marbles,XI., pi.22.

quite intact.

Mus.
(Visconti,

Vatican
Ht.

is

to

seems

with

off from

the

842.

Young

the surface

in

the

marble

cleaned

Mus.

Harrison, No.

2.

of

been

in 1818.

good condition,

the

probably broken

Purchased

(3.) Head

of

surface

having

been

III.,No.

in

Ceesar;

The

has
in.

13

Julius

of

(2.) Head

the-

that

Maximus

or

as-

Augur.
Ht. 1 ft.

in.

5J

in

(6.) Bust,
was

the

basalt,of the

green

of Tiberius

son

incised

been

Castellani.

the

on

he

wears

younger
armour.

Drusus, whoA

cross

has

forehead, probably in early Christian

times.
Ht., inclusive

of

bust,

ft. 6

Chester, 1872, by whom

it

in.

Presented

was

obtained

by the Rev.
in Egypt.

Greville-

which

(7.) Bust,
which
the

resembles

more

Ht.

13f

the

hitherto

Purchased

in.

Burke,
No.

Harrison,No.

4.

the

collection

Marbles, XL,

1}

in.

heroic

size,

round

the

Presented

by

the

of Roman

(9.) Statue

clad in

of the

pi.

The

which

is

III.,

Caldesi,Pt.

The

Rev.

Greville

end

good

in

condition.

figureis
is

feet

and

arm

left

covered

are

of

wrapped

and

drapery. The

The

roll.

nose

Chester,1870.

the toga, which

and

body,passingover
rightarm is muffled

restored,holds

of the

[?]."The

Consul

tunic

in

Augustus,

the left shoulder

hand.

Edmund

Rt. Hon.

23.

Young

is otherwise

off,but the head

1 ft.

tip of

845.

the
be
to
(8.) Head, thought
but perhaps representingCaligula.

Ht.

The

Drusus.

younger

from
Mug.

1812.

is broken

Tiberius,but

called

the bust restored.

and

nose

has been

hand,
with

kind
which
of loose
is drawn
shoes, over
a
close-fitting
The
gaiter,reaching from the instep to above the ankle.
head has been rejoined,
but appears to belong to the figure.

The

hair

is cut

the

forehead.

are

those

short,and

The

of

of

middle

to baldness

tendency

is short and

beard

man

has

The

thick.

on

features

drapery is well
probably of the Augustan
age.

The

composed, and the statue is

it represents has not yet
period. The personage whom
been
recognized. Eestorations, nose, part of neck, left
and many
with roll,
hand
parts of the drapery.
Ht.

3J in. Presented
No.
Caldesi,Pt. III.,

7 ft.

of

(10.) Head
by

Mr.

B. P.

of Athene
The

blackened

in

of this
in

1870,

This

"

on

and

head, like that

this

Freeman, Esq.,1854.

1.

Claudius.

Fullan,

P. Williams

W.

Folias at Priene, under

surface

discovered

by

head

the

was

discovered

floor of the

the ruins
of the

Temple
temple.
sculptures

of the

other

temple by Mr. Pullan,

injured by contact either with

has

been

burning

"

6
timber

or

on

This

charcoal,probablythe result of

the destruction of the

has been

head, which

tion
conflagra-

some

temple.
put togetherout

of several

loss of the nose,

very fine style. The
and of the back of the head, injures
its appearance
very
much.
It has evidently
belongedto a statue, the base of
in

fragments,is

the neck

for insertion into

being rounded

Ht. 1 ft. 5J in.

Presented

by

socket.

1870.
Societyof Dilettanti,

the

of Nero, probablyfrom
(11.)Head
size." In good condition, the tip of

Ht.

the

Mus.

Harrison, No.

5.

only

nose

in 1740
Brought from Athens
Marbles, X., pi. 6. Ellis,T. G., II.,p.

III.,No.

of heroic

statue

ft. 6 in.

"

Dr.

by

stored.
re-

Askew.

Pt*
Caldesi,

29.

T.

846.

the shortness of the reign

From
of Otho.
(12.)Head
of this Emperor, his portraits
The
are
exceedinglyrare.
head
given by Visconti,Icon. Bom., II.,pi.31, figs.
5, 6,
under
Otho is certainly
not that Emperor, but is more
probably one of the earlier Ptolemies. In the Museum
"

collection of bronzes

purchasedat
The

is

small

bust

the sale of the Hertz

here

head

described

is

attributed to

Otho,

Collection.

coarsely,but

forcibly
It seems
executed.
like a copy
of a finer work, by a
provincialartist. It is in unusuallyperfectcondition,
having only suffered a slightbruise on the rightside of
the

nose.

This

head

purchasedin

was

Alexandria,but

it is not

It

1872.

certain whether

obtained from

was

it was

found

there.

Ht. 1 ft. 3J in.

(13.)Bust

of

an

the left cheek, and

Empress
the

[?].The

wife

of the

nose,

pieceof

bust, restored.

This head has been attributed to

the

"

to Agrippina,
Messalina,
Emperor Claudius, and to Domitia, but

of these attributions

none

and

of features resemble

type
she is

as

Ht.

1 ft. 2 in.

Found

in

1775.

p. 27.

The

the

in the
Mus.

youthfulfulness
4"

in.

Collection.

(15.) Bust
of the

nose

and

of

Caldesi,Pt.

are

Mus.

thin

and

have

of
representations

Julia.

in

edge

1865,

the

at

sale of the

but the

not

Pourtales

127.

ft. 5 J in.

8.

worn,

fine

of the left

Marbles,

III.,No.

and

In very

"

This

of Titus.

Pourt.,No.

Trajan.

outer

1776.

of

Purchased
Cat.

fine condition.

Empress Domitia
Julia,the daughter

usual in

2
Ht., includingpedestal,
in

[?]."In

that

is rather

ft.

Esq uiline Hill,at

T. G., II.,
Ellis,

to the

attributed

features,however,

the

Casali,on

Marbles, X., pi. 7.

of Domitia

has been

Ht.

Villa

coins.

T.

(14.) Bust
head-dress

bronze

Eoman

representedon

Rome,

bust

The head-dress
satisfactory.
those of the Empress Domitia,

are

Found

III.,pi.1.

Harrison, No.

ear

condition,the tip
restored.

in the

Campagna of Rome,
Ellis,T. G., II.,p. 32.

848.

T.

Figure. This figureis clad in a

(16.)Iconic Female
tunic reaching to the feet,and a mantle, the end of which
her left shoulder, and in the folds of
she is castingover
is partiallymuffled.
Her
her left hand
hair is
which
round her head, after a fashion prevaplaitedand wound
lent
in the time of the Empress Sabina, the periodto which
this figuremay therefore be assignedwith probability.It
but has not yet been
is evidently a portrait,
identified.
is pubA figurevery similar in compositionand character
lished,
de Boulaq, pi. 38.
The countenance
Mariette, Musee
and the whole
is very expressive,
statue, though not
finelyexecuted, is interestingfrom the simplicityof the
dering
conceptionand the impressionit conveys of a faithful renThe
from
nature.
a
was
right forearm, which
It was
separate piece of marble, has been broken away.
"

by Major Smith
Venus, at Cyrene.

and

found
of

Smith

Ht. 5 ft. 9J in.

and

CaptainPorcher

in the

Temple

Porcher,Hist. Disc, pi.73.

which
over
(17.)Bust of Hadrian, clad in armour,
the paltidamentum,
or
militarycloak, is fastened by a
fibulaon the rightshoulder. The end of the nose and
some
portionsof the hair,drapery,and left shoulder are
restored.
1} in. Villa of Hadrian, near Tivoli.
No.
T. G.,II.,
Harrison,
pi.8. Ellis,
p. 38.

Mus.

Ht. 2 ft.

853.

Marbles, X.,
T.

naked.
(18.)Bust of Hadrian
; the shoulders
extreme
edge of the right ear, and a small piecein
rightbreast,are the only restorations.
Ht.

The

the

1J in.
III.,
pi. 15.

Mus. Marbles,
Formerly in the Villa Montalto.
T. G., II.,p. 37.
Pt. III.,
No. 6.
Caldesi,
Ellis,

Harrison,No.

849.

ft.

T.

The
in militarycostume.
of Hadrian
(19.)Statue
from below the shoulder,
whole rightarm,
the left arm
the upper part of the fringebelow
both legsand the plinth,
"

the cuirass and

whether

the

part of the neck

head

richlydecorated
is a Gorgon's

belongsto

with

are

restored.

this statue.

reliefs ; in the centre

It is doubtful
The

cuirass is

of the breast

winged female figure,

Fortune
or
Victory,holdingin her righthand a palmbelow
which a reclining
branch, in her left a cornucopia,
the lower half of which is restored ; her
female figure,
lower
limbs are
draped; in her lap are fruits. This
figuremay

head

below,

representAbundantia, or the inhabited

earth.

rightand left of this central compositionare two

each kneelingat the foot of a trophy; the one
captives,
the rightwears
a Phrygian cap ; the trophybeside him
on
is composedof a helmet, cuirass,
oblongshield,and a round
buckler; the figureon the left, who
represent a
may
On

the

Dacian, has his hands

tied behind

his back;

his beard

9
is

long ;

circular

the

Ht.,inclusive
in

in

helmet,

850.

of Antinous.

head, which

The

"

of heroic

executed

Purchased
of Mr. J. Millingen,
7 ft. J in.
plinth,
Mus.
Marbles,XI., pi. 45. Ellis,T. G., I.,p. 256.

1821.

(20.)Bust

composed of

of

Harrison,No.

statue

is

trophy behind him

shield,and drapery.

size,has been set on

Parian marble, and is

a
a

modern

fine

is from

It is

bust.

specimenof

the

Antinous
is here
sculptureof the period of Hadrian.
of Bacchus, with whose
representedwith the ivy crown
attributes he is constantly
invested in anoient art. The
tipof the nose, part of the chin, and some of the ivy leaves
and

curls of the hair have

Ht.

restored.

of

head, 13J in. Found in 1770, near the

T. 0.,II.,
Marbles,XL, pi.25. Ellis,
p. 41.
IX.
Pt.
N
o.
T.
10.
Caldesi,
III.,
pi.

(21.)Bust
and

been

of

Sabina, the

wife

Villa Panfili.

Mm.

Levezow, Antinous,

of Hadrian.

"

The

nose

hair is

plaitedand built up into

elaborate structure, accordingto the grotesquefashion
an
of the period,
is alluded to by Juvenal
in a wellwhich
in the
known
There is a singularmoroseness
passage.
of the countenance, which corresponds
with the
expression
character of this Empress as given by Spartianus.
bust

Ht.

restored

of
T.

the

antique portion,11}
T.
G.,II.,p. 39.

in.

Mus.

Marbles,X., pi. 9.

with

Ellis,

the Court

on
inscription
dedicated by the
the bust was
stlitibusjudicandis.These
officers presided in
The sculpture
is probablyof
of the Centumviri.

the times

of the

(22.)Bust of a Young
the pedestal,
statingthat
Decemviri

Man,

Antonines, and

an

hence it has been

tured
conjec-

Aurelius or
represents either Marcus
It is in good condition,none
man.
young

that the bust

Gommodus

as

of the features

in

some

suffered any injury. It was

found
at Borne,and was
probablyconveyed

having

excavation

10
to whom

Mr. Towneley,
as
surreptitiously,
of it,that
longed,notes in his description

thence

excavation must
2 ft.

Ht.

11}

the site of the

yet be mentioned.

not
in.

it be*

Ellis,T. G., II.,p.

Marbles,X., pi. 16.

Mus.

T.

23.

[?]. This figurerepresents

of Hadrian

(23.)Statue

"

his left
personage clad in a mantle thrown over
shoulder,under which the folds of a tunic are seen on the

male

breast

his feet

; on

the breast under

sandals

are

with

socket at the base of the neck.

and appears to
evidentlya portrait,
Emperor Hadrian, though the likeness

of

holds

As, however, the

Apollo,close

to

statue

base

has been

was

This

be intended
is not

head

for the

strong

very

in the

found

inscribed with

over

sprigof

and
pine-wreath,

is

one.

is crossed

rightarm

the mantle, the left hand

laurel ; the head is bound

inserted into

the

Temple

dedication

to

peror.
presumed that it representsthat EmIt is possible
that the head may
have been substituted
for that which
originally
belonged to this statue,
be rather
the generalcharacter of the drapery would
as
than to a Eoman
suitable to a poet or a philosopher
peror.
EmBoth hands have been joinedon at the wrist,and

Hadrian, it may

detached.

found

were

of the

be

marble

same

left hand

The
the

as

rest

not to be made

seems

of the statue, and

it is

very doubtful whether it belongsto the figure.

would
wreath
The pinethe head
indicate a
on

victory,

either in the Great

festival

bearingthe
to

be

same

evidence

Hadrian

with

or

There

name.

to

show

the

in

some

smaller

does not,

connection

however,

of

the

seem

Emperor

such contests.

Ht. 6 ft. 7 in.

No.

Isthmia,

Smith

and

Porcher, Hist. Disc, pi.63.

Harrison,

851.

bust is well
Pius." This
(24.)Bust of Antoninus
sculpturedand in very fine condition. The features are
intact.
The Emperor is represented clad in the paluda-

11

mentum,

or

fibulaon
This

bust

militarycloak,which
the right shoulder
over
found

was

which, from
Ht.

Smith

of

cuirass.

discovered in it,

Porcher,Hist. Disc, pi.69.

and

circular

buildingat Cyrene,

Imperialbusts
Augusteum.

2 ft. 4} in.

by

the tunic and

the site of

on

the number

probablyan

was

is fastened

Harrison,

No. 854.

(25.)Head
tipof the nose
Ht.

of Marcus

Castellani.

1 ft. 6 in.

young.

"

The

'

of Marcus

representedas

Aurelius.

below

from

bust

when

restored.

(26.)Bust
entire

Aurelius,

one

the chin

of the

"

The

restored.

Fratres Arvales,

which

probablytheir
a

wreath

stringof beads, infula.The

sacred college
in Eome, consisting
Fratres Arvales
were
a
fices
of twelve
members, appointedto conduct the annual sacrifertile
to the goddess Dea
Dia, in order to secure
said to have been instituted by
The college
was
crops.
Romulus, and was
probably revived by Augustus, after
time the Emperors of Eome
whose
members
of it.
were
of

This

bust

whence

it

is

the

is here

He

President, Magister,wearing the prcetextaand

grain,under

and

nose

formerlyin the Mattei Collection at Rome,

obtained
by Mr. Towneley in the year

was
was

1773.
Ht.

1} in.
III.,pi.9.

2 ft.

(27.)Bust
fine

Vet.

Mon.

Matth.

Aurelius."

condition,
having sustained

no

Mus.

Marbles,

T.

T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p. 44.

of Marcus

the neck.

II.,pi.22, fig.1.

-This bust is in very

injuryexcept

fracture

his shoulders the

on
Emperor wears
paludamentum,fastened on the rightBhoulder by a circular
fibula. The hair is skilfully
disposedin clustering
masses,
and the generaltreatment
of the head is simpleand dignified
of art, this bust is inferior to the
a work
; though,as
Antoninus
alreadydescribed. It was found at Cyrene,in
across

The

12
the

buildingwhich, as
probablyan Augusteum.
Ht.

has

4} in.,inclusive of plinth.
Disc, pi. 70. Harrison, No. 856.

Smith

ft.

AureUus.

Pius, and wife of Marous

good condition, the

bruise; the

Towneley
of
T.

Porcher, Hist.

Antoninus

head

This

"

is in very
with a slight

having escaped
is restored.
It was
purchasedby
privatehouse at Pozzuoli,in 1777.

bust

from

and

Faustina, the daughter of

of

(28.)Bust

Ht.

alreadyremarked, was

been

nose

antique portion,11 J
T.
G., II.,p. 46.

Mus.

in.

Marbles, X., pi. 10.

Mr.

Ellis,

A good
(29.) Bust of Lucius Verus, when young.
of the Antonine
period;in very
specimenof the sculpture
restored.
The bust and tipof the nose
fine condition.
Purchased

Ht. 1 ft. 3 j in.

1865.

at

Cat. Pourt.,No.

the

126.

sale of the

Pourtales

Harrison,No.

Collection,

855.

the pctiuda(30.)Bust of Lucius Verus." He wears

mentum, or militarycloak,fastened on the right shoulder
by a, fibula.The nose onlyis restored. The bust, with its
From
the
pedestal,is formed of one block of marble.

Hattei

Collection.

3
Ht., includingthe pedestal,

24, fig.1.

(31.)The
broken

1865.

the

other

"

part of

by the shipwreckof
On

hips.

Matth.,II.,pi.
T.

47.

of Lucius

Verus,
fragment, togetherwith
the same
covered
diswas
figure,

in the Odeum

the

body

was

the vessel in which

the base of the statue

Aofaiov At\iov

of

Mon.

T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p.

Statue

This

part of the trunk

by Mr. J. T. Wood

The

Vet.

Marbles,III.,
pi.10.

half of

lower

off at

tthe upper

Mus.

ft. 1 in.

is the

at

Ephesus,

in

lost
unfortunately
it

was

sent

home.

:
followinginscription
"

rhv vlbv t\ov\

K6fifju"Hov
Avpr}\.[io']v

OvfjSios'Arrwyeivo^s],
AvroKpdropos

showing that the statue was dedicated by Vedius Antoninus.

This inscription,
as has been shown
by C. Curtius (flermes,

13

IV., p. 189),does not relate to the Emperor Commodus, but

to Lucius Verus, after his adoption
by Antoninus Pius, and
before the death

Emperor, when

of that

he first took the

of Verus

(seeEckhel,Doct. Num., Vol. VII. p. 89.)j

have been ereoted later than
cannot
statue, therefore,

name

the

of this

remains

What

161.

a.d.

The

workmanship.

figureis

dedicator,P. Vedius

favourite of Antoninus

of fair Roman

Antoninus,

was

Pius.

Ht. 4 fb. 6 in.

(32.) Bust
hair waved
tunic

fastened

pallium.
and

gatheredinto

and

each

on

of the

the end

1 ft.

6"

1 ft. 4

Found

the forehead

is otherwise

in

Castellani.

The

"

nose

restored.

The

of

Crispina, the

Palace,Rome,

Farnese

wife of Commodus

good specimenof
which it belougs. The
a

2
Ht., includingpedestal,

Collection.

Pourtales

the

from

in 1864,

857.

a.d. 180,to
period,

ft.

9}

Cat.

in.

Purchased

Pourt.,No.

the

art of the

is intact.

nose
at

in admirable

sale of the

the

81.

Pertinax, wearing the paludamentum.

but on the
bust has been attributed to Miiua
Csesar,
with hair
of that personage he is always represented

(35.)Bust
coins

bust

it the

over

patch on

The

Rome.

at

Purchased

condition,and

This

stud, and

wears

indifferent.

in.

(34.)Bust

are

nose.

of Commodus.

Harrison,No.

late

by

She

the

sculptured.
fairly

in.

(33.)Head
sculpturevery
Ht.

shoulder

Verus

behind.

knot

only restorations

The

fine condition and

Ht.

wife of Lucius

Lucilla, the

of

of

"

in close curls like Marcus

Aurelius.

The

nose,

part of

beard, and partsof draperyrestored.

Bequeathed by R. P. Knight, Esq.,in
T. G., II.,
Ellis,
Marbles,XL, pi.24.
p. 42.

Ht. 2 ft. 3 in.

(36.)Bust
"

of
This

1824.

Mus.

damentum.
Septimius Severus, wearing the paluEmperor

was

born

in

Africa,of Roman

11

parents,and
shoulder

died at York,

below

have been

the

and
fibula,

nose, the

right
drapery

of the
portions

some

restored,but otherwise

and well

The

211.

a.d.

this bust is in

good

dition
con-

the lateperiodto which

executed,considering

with the description

belongs. The portrait
corresponds
of this Emperor given by his biographerSpartianus.
it

Ht., exclusive
Palatine

of

ft. 3

pedestal,2

Hill at

in the

Rome,

in.

part

Found

of the

in

1776

Palace

occupiedin modern times by

T. G.,II.,
X.,pi.11. Ellis,
p.

The

(37.)Bust of Caracalla.
the bust restored.
preserved,
the right shoulder.

"

It is stated

by

thought like

head

head

T.

well

are

inclines towards

that Caracalla affected

the Great.

Alexander

Marbles,

858.

and neck

in
scowling expression,

Mus.

Magnani.
Harrison,No.

The

Victor

Aurelius

this attitude and

50.

Caesars

of the

the Villa

the

on

The

order

be

to

of the

treatment

hair,in short crispcurls,in this bust probablyrepresents

the

close

The

worn.

which

yellow wig
back

of the

Caracalla

head

therefore,probably stood in

garden of
Esquiline.

Fontane, on the
Ht. of
T.

of Julia

Severus
1 ft.

in.

llf

Pourt.,No.

(39.)Bust
nose

and

the

bust

is in

in

and

Purchased

The

found

was

at the

the mother

in 1865

at

Quattro

Ellis,

peror
of the Em-

restored.

nose
at

the

sale of the

Formerly in the collection of Cardinal

Pourtales

Fesch.

Cat.

80.

of Gordianus

The

Emperor

the Nuns

Mamaea,

Alexander.

Collection.

treated

It

1 ft. 3 in. Mus.

Marbles, X., pi. 12.
antique portion,
No.
T.
51.
859.
Harrison,
G.,II.,p.

(38.)Bust
Ht.

have

to

unfinished; the bust,

niche.

in 1776, in the

Koine

is

is said

edge

of

ears

Africanus
have

been

the

Elder.

the
restored,

"

rest of

good condition. The hair and beard are

the coins of this
as
on
dry,meagre manner,
his contemporaries.The draperyis unusual.

15

the

Over

tunic is the

straightfolds,one of
breast, passing behind
from
nearly vertically
been
regardedby some
garment distinct
Lrena

which

toga, over
which

are

the

crosses

left side of the

the left shoulder

underneath

; the

These

it.

thick

two

other falls
folds have

as
archaeologists
belonging to

the toga and

from

worn

it; the

over

have

Lorum

been applied to
accordingly
this costume.
It seems
however, that they only
probable,
mode of arranging the toga itself.
representa particular
Mr. Towneley states that this bust was
discovered in 1770

names

with

Ht.

or

fine bust of Oommodus

exclusive
ft.,

(40.)Bust
Pius.

hair is

loopedup

Her

"

but he omits

to note

pedestal.Mus. Marbles,X.,pi.13.

head
behind.

The

nose

and

Ht. 1 ft. 3} in.

T.

left side of bust

execution of this bust is late and

The

where.

Tranquillina,the wife of Goris surmounted

by a stephane; her

of Sabinia

dianus

restored.

of

bad.

Castellani.

of Otacilia
Severa, wife of the Emperor
(41.)Bust
Philip the Elder. The head is well executed, and in
the tipof the nose onlyhavingsuffered
good preservation;
a slight
injury. The bust and neck from below the chin
"

restored.

are

Ht. of

9
antique portion,

Roman
T.

in.

Purchased

Cavaceppi. Mus.
sculptor,

G.,II.,p.

53.

Mr.

Towneley from the

Marbles, X., pi. 14. Ellis,
by

T.

of Herennia
Etruscilla,the wife of Tra(42.)Head
janus Decius. The hair is loopedup behind and bound
with a stephane.The tipof the nose is restored. The eyebrows
the nose.
This head resembles the portrait
meet over
it is here attributed,as she is
of the Empress, to whom
her coins. The execution
is late and bad.
on
represented
"

Ht. 1 ft. 3} in.

of

(43.)Head
from

statue,

Castellani.

"

evidentlybroken off
variouslysupposed to repre-

Barbarian,

It has been

16

Arminius, the celebrated German

chief, who
conquered by Germanicus ; his son Thumelictts; or

sent

British chief Caractacus.

for the

forehead.

low

moustache,

board

The

the thick

is shaved
been

hair

the

is remarkable

countenance

Caesar notes to have

as

Britons, and

ancient

The

was

all but the

the

case

with

the

overhangsthe brow.
in the
a female figure

The type of features resembles that of

Loggia de' Lanzi, at Florence,which has been attributed to
wife of Arminius,and mother

Thusnelda,the
Ht.

Lyde

Collection.

Browne

II.,p.

Specimens of

34.

Rom., XIII.,p.
No.
Caldesi,Pf. III.,

pi.28.

(44.)Iconic

of

Trajan; formerlyin the

Mus. Marbles,III.,
T. G.,
pi.6. Ellis,
Antient Sculpture,
II.,pi.49. Annali

of Inst. Arch.

Monumenti

58.
9.

the

Bust, bearded,
century, a.d., and

the second

of

work, HI.,

same

Harrison,No. 844.

shoulders

the character of the art, this bust

From
to

Forum

in the

Found

1 ft. 6 J in.

of Thumelicus.

bears

T.

naked.

"

probablybelongs
resemblance

some

has never
been identified.
The
Geta, but the portrait
is intact,and the bust is otherwise in good condition.
nose
to

Ht., inclusive

of

bust,2

ft. 5 in.

(44a.)Sarcophagus,
The

with

reliefs relating
to Achilles.

this

sarcophagusare the education of

Achilles by the Centaur Cheiron,his recognition
by Ulysses
when
the daughtersof Lykomedes, the
disguisedamong
by Hephaistos(Vulcan),Achilles
forgingof his armour
draggingthe body of Hektor round the walls of Troy. At
four

on

scenes

end is the group of Achilles with

Cheiron is seated on his haunches
on

one

his left hand

the

branch

of

on

the left foot ; his left

him, being supportedunder

of the Centaur

head, as

his

rightarm

if to strike out.

the

right,holdingin

tree ; Achilles

him, his right foot advanced, the

thrown

the Centaur Cheiron.

the

weight

of his

is extended

arm

elbow

by

is drawn

This group

stands before

the

back

body
before

righthand
behind

his

evidently
represents

17

gymnastio exercise,such

some

of

On

an

ing
train-

of the

the
among
in the centre

is seated

part of the

athlete.

the front

Achilles

formed

as

which

is ornamented

whose

right arm

of
sarcophagusis the recognition
daughters of Lykomedes. The hero
of the

scene

with

on

chair, the front of

legs formed

by a combination
of bodies of Gryphons with lions' legs,
similar to that of
a
Trapezophoron (Guide to Graco-Boman
Sculptures,
pt. ii. No. 108); his feet rest on a footstool supportedby
his
lions' feet; he has long hair; a chlamysfastened on
right shoulder passes round his back and thighs; he leans
back, looking towards
an
aged male figurebehind him,
left

of Achilles

arm

left hand

holds

the lower

part of

and

in his

hangs

sword
a

in

scabbard.

he holds

this

Below

helmet

chair,his

of the

lyre,chehjs.His rightarm

righthand

The

his head.

pass behind
the back
over

to

appears

is

advanced,

he has

which

is

arm

just

In
figurestandingin front of him.
front of his legs is a buckler
restingon its edge. In the
of a
the remains
are
background beyond his right arm
too much
decayed to be made out, who has long hair
figure,

received from

and

appears

male

to

wear

helmet.

On

the left of Achilles

are

figures.The head of one of these appears in the

backgroundbeyond the helmet, nearly effaced. This seems
to represent a herald blowing the long straight
trumpet

four male

summoned

which

Achilles

trumpeter is lookingin
his left

hand

is raised

arm

holds

the

to

The

arms.

head

of

the

the direction
to the

trumpet.

contrary to Achilles ;
of his head, his right

back

Next

on

the

left is

Greek

the

Achilles
right,from whom
the body of this warrior
receives a crested helmet.
Bound
is a mantle
side bare.
which
and
leaves the right arm
Next is Ulysses,distinguished
by his conical cap. He

warrior

advancing

looks towards

his righthand

to

Achilles,but
outstretched

draws
as

if

back

left,with

to the

surprised.He

wears

dby"G"

18
chiton

reachingto

the knees.

chlamygpasses from his

left shoulder round his body,falling
On
the left arm.
over
his feet are boots reachinghalfway
to
up the calf. Next
him
is a youthful male figureholding a horse by the
bridle. A chlamygfastened on
the rightshoulder passes
round
from his back over
his rightthigh and left hip.
The feet of Achilles and of all the figures
to the left,with
the exceptionof Ulysses,
behind
bare. On the right,
are
is Deidameia
Achilles,

back and inclined

of

lower limbs
Her

of the

foot-stool

in

cahihw, lying on

to the

is

which

chiton,
over

shoulder

mantle.

holds

and

feet rest

lions' claws.

Her

chair is

the front

its side.

angle;

her

At

her

hips;

to the

Her

Sphinx at

thrown

standingbehind.

supported on

with

chair,her head

body is naked

is raised

nurse,

in

the left shoulder ; her attitude is that

over

clad

are

righthand

hand

seated

fainting.Her

person

the
a

on
mented
orna-

it is her

under

stands

right side

draped female figure leaning towards her as if to assist

stands
her; another female figure,perhaps her nurse,
This figure
behind her on the rightsupportingher head.
wears

talaric chiton and shoes.

of Deidameia

given him
This
a

the sword

twisted

between
the

this male

faint

outline

round

daughter of Lykomedes.
this

and

scene

his

arm

of most

probably

shoulder bare, has

and

body.

In

the

the female

figureand
of

has

front

the hero holds in his left hand.

has the left

who
figure,

mantle

which

figurein

Achilles,and

towards

turns

male

The

background

next

to him

is

third
The

of the

figure,probably another
faces of all the figuresin
figureson the sarcophagus

nearly obliterated by the decay of the marble, that

be made out.
they can with difficulty

are

so

At the other end

on

the

left

Achilles.
deliver

to

In

of the

sarcophagusare
Hephaistos,seated, making
front

Achilles

of

the

him
sword

stands
and

three
the

figures
;
shield

Thetis, about
greaves

which

of
to

she

19
received

has

with

right,armed
head

He

waist.

the

and

is

has

probably been

girt at

wears

reaches

exomisy which

head,

with

on

blacksmiths
which

is

gathered into
In her

righthand

pairof

greaves
of Achilles is
to his
to the

On

rest

the

back

falls below

which

his

In
he

is

anvil, which
that

talaric

used

by

chiton,over

drawn

back, and

feet

shoes*

are

in its scabbard.

Under

arm.

which

which

to

her

sword

left

her

on

On

decayed,

cap

with
his

is

thighs,

bare.

are

chiton,the sleeves of which

of the
dead

stands in

right hand

he

from

the ouirass
extend

the

nearly
hipsnearly

the

the

of Hektor

body

which
which

decayed

sarcophagusthe subjectis Achilles

body of Hektor
at
a
biga drawn

grasps the knees

him.
dust behind

trails in

On

conical

on

on

knees.

Achilles

round

holds

she

elbow, and

dragging the

marble

hair

behind*

knot

the

much

similar

wears

diploidion.Her

edge

wood

of

Thetis

now.

down

legsand feet
light hammer,

block

the

seated

garment, the

now

His

right hand he holds a

strikingthe shield restingon
placed

short

the

on

raised to his

are

halfway

His

covered

is his characteristic.

is

arms

stands

Hephaistosis

helmet.

lions' feet*

chair with
chiton

cuirass ; both

adjust his

to

Achilles

Hephaistos*

from

behind
full

his chariot.

speed; with

of

Hektor, whose

In

the distance

his

head

beyond

the surface of the

on
projection
probably represents the walls of Troy,
the chariot passed in its course, but the

condition

the outstretched

is

of the
left

marble
arm

renders

of Achilles

this doubtful.
is

shield,and

helmet ; at his left side is a

he appears to wear
a
On the rightis a warrior armed with a shield,who

sword.
moves

rightin front of the advancing horses,lookingback

of the foremost
the nose
and placing his righthand
on
horse. All the figureson this side are so much
decayed
that their outlines only aire visible*

to the

Digitized^
SGoOgk

20
At

is

phone,
angle of the sarcophagusis a figureof Persestanding,draped in a talaric chiton. Over this

each

mantle

falls down
which
the
mark

fastened

front of the

the

reaches

the

to

legs. On
of

and

doubled

the

Chthonian

body

knees,

head

is

Deities:

on

the
a

shoulder,which

one

in

two

other

folds, one

halfway

of

down

calathus,the distinctive

one

hand

is raised to the

cornice of the sarcophagusas if supportingit in

upper
the manner
of a Canephora; the hair, waved
the
over

forehead,is drawn

back

and

falls in

singletress on each
Each
shoes.
shoulder; on the feet are
angle below
this figurehas a quadruped sculptured
in relief on either
face; in the front,two
lions; at one end a dog and a
panther,at the other end a dog and a deer; at the
back a goat and a dog. Bound
the top of the sarcophagus
is a cornice of egg
the reliefs are two

and

tongue and

bead and reel

below

enriched

mouldings recessed into the

plinth. This sarcophagusis probablynot earlier than the
time of the Antonines, but the sculptureis superiorto
the average of reliefson Roman
sarcophagi.
Ht. 4 ft.

3 ft. 10 in.
Found
at
1} in. Length 8 ft. 8 in. Width
in
Admiral
C.B.
The
Crete,
now
Captain,
IJierapytna
by
Spratt,
front is engravedin Spratt's
Travels and Researches in Crete,I.,
ibid.,
p. 279, and the end with Hephaistosforgingthe armour,
p. 281.

(45.)Nearly in the centre of the Galleryis a figureon

horseback
draped in the paludamentum,and restored as
be judged,however,
the Emperor Caligula. So far as can
this figureis not earlier than
from the styleof sculpture,
It probably represents a
of the Antonines.
the time
youthful Emperor or Caesar,possiblyGeta or Severus
Of the rider,the head,both arms, the drapery
Alexander.
of the left arm, and the rightleg from above the knee, are.
also the left foreleg,
the left hind leg,
restorations,
as are
of the horse.
under
The right
lip,left ear, and mouth

21
hind

intermixed
The

horse

of the

leg

with

rider

is well

composed.

manner

the horse, and

placed on
The

horse is treated in

the hind

quarters seem

the head

has

rather

of ancient

up

fragments

restorations.

is well

restored

is made

an

of decorative

too

his

drapery

conventional

small, and

are

feebly

istic
characterexaggeratedvivacity,
than of monumental
art.
trian
Eques-

except on a very email scale, are very rare

figures,
in ancient sculpture. The figurehere described measures
6 feet 8i inches in height. It must
have been discovered
as
early as the sixteenth century, was
formerlyin the
Famese
Palace, at Borne, and was
purchased from the
ex-King of Naples in 1864.
Monumenti

of Inst. Arch.

Rom., V., pi.5.

Maffei,Raccolta di

1849, pp. 102-6.

Roma, 1704, pi.52, where

See Aniiali of
antiche

work,

same

moderne,
it is called an Augustus. Antiquarum
Statuarum
Urbis Romae Icones.
Romae, 1621, p. 130. See also De
Fine Arts Quarterly. London, 1865. III.,
Triqueti,
pp. 207-9.

(45a.)Bearded
waved

Iconic

the heard

those of

in

with

rosso

it,and

L. Yetulenius

restored

The

hair

crispcurls.

The

features

antico, on
is inscribed

Caricus, member

which

it

and
are

with

the rest of the marble

dedication

The

of
tip.

is in very

the

(46.)Torso

of

1
Height of pedestal,

Roman

ft. 2 in.

Emperor,

in

nose

is

fine condition.

in the treatment
peculiarities
suggest the
this bust was
copiedfrom a bronze original.

Ht. of bust, 1 ft. 6 in.

to

Decurise, by his

of three

heir,L. Julius Theseus.

stands, was

Certain
that

short

of middle

The4 pedestalof

friend and

"

This bust is well sculptured,

age.
probablynot later than the time of Augustus.
man

and

found

short

Bust.

statue

notion

Castellani.

cuirass,very

is
the breast-plate
reliefs. On
with
richly ornamented
Home, represented as a female figurein a talaric tunic,
either side a
and armed
On
with
an
cegisand shield.

flies towards
Victory

her

to

crown

her

the

Victory.on

22

the
a

with her extended

rightholds

righthand

The

wreath.

In her left hand

away.
feet of Borne
rest on the back of

is broken

extended, but
similarly
The
is a palm branch.

suckling the twins, Bomulus

the wolf

been

cuirass

in the

on

which
with

away.
centre, the

Bemus, whose

and

the lower

part of

the

head

of

Jupiter Amnion,

side, a winged head

and the head of Ammon
is,on

of

Medusa,

are,

either

Under

spreadingwings.

which

On

broken

figureshave
and,

of the

right hand the end of

other Victoryhas been

helmets and

two

are

with
arrangedalternately

On

either flank of the cuirass is

are

swords

two

an

finelyexecuted, and

sheaths,which

in

the reliefs

eagle
jerkin,on

side,an

the cuirass is

are

reliefs

either

between

alreadydescribed.

These
head.
elephant's
probably belong to the

Jtugustanage.
This

torso

brought from

was

Gyrene by Major

Smith

CaptainPorcher. (See their "History of Discoveries,"

the buildingwhich
found
near
p. 104, No. 108.) It was
is believed to have been an Augusteum. {See ibid.,
p. 76.)
and

Ht.

For

ft. 6- in.

Ausgrabungen

zu

nearly similar
Olympia,II. (1876-7)pi.29.
cuirass

with

ornaments,

see

are
(46a.) Sarcophagus, on which
represented in
of the snakes by the infant Hercules,
relief the strangling
his twelve labours, and his Apotheosis.

the front of the

On

lid,the first figureon

left is the infant Hercules

on

With

his left knee.

throat

snake

which

stoopingforward
his right hand he

is coiled round

his

the extreme
and

kneeling

grasps

by the

rightleg and

thigh. With his left he stranglesanother serpent which

his left knee.
Next
is Hercules
is glidingfrom under
moving forward to the right,and holding the slain Erymanthian
taken
and

boar

refuge.
over

the

over

His

his left

lebes,in which

lion's skin
arm

the

hangs

club

Eurystheus

from

has

his shoulders

is held with

the

right

23
band.

On

the

rightis

the trunk

of

tree,

which

on

is

perched an owl. On the rightof this tree is the cleaning

of the Augean stable; Hercules
is moving to the left,
his left shoulder.
In
on
carrying a dung-fork (bidens)
front of him
the

is
of

trunk

deep basket

bucket, leaningagainst

slayingof the Stymphalianbirds. The hero, turned to the right,holds in hiB

left hand
he has justshot an arrow.
his bow, from which
His right hand, drawn
back after lettinggo the string,
his right breast. On his left arm
is the lion's
rests
on
skin. In front of him are three aquaticbirds with long
necks
and hooked
bills.
One lies on
the ground; the
other two
are
fallingfrom the sky. Next is the capture
of the bull of Marathon, which
Hercules
holds by the
is turned
This group
to the right. In
right horn.
the next
group Hercules attacks with his club the triple
Geryon. The hero advances from the left ; his right arm
is drawn

tree.

back

Next

or

behind

his head to

club; the lion's skin

Geryon
three

are

is

armed

distant from

with
which

to

which

on

the

round

wrapped
three

blow
his

with

left

his

arm;

All

complete bodies.

shields,crested helmets

hang pterygee.

The

and

figure most

grasps a short sword, and recoils as

round
to the front ; the figurein the

wheel
a

the lid

short sword

ground

wine-cupfrom

in his

is strewn, and

he holds his
his

club,the

right hand is
Victory,who stands

righthand.

representsHercules seated

his lion's skin

In his left hand

on

oval

deliver

Hercules

front also holds

group

is

representedwith

cuirass,under
if about

is the

on

lookingto
end

advanced
in front

The

last

seat, over
the

of which

left.
rests

to receive

of him.

She

is

talaric chiton,
over' which
is a
a
winged, and wears
In the background,between
cules,
diploidion.
Victoryand Herstands Minerva, restingher right hand on a spear*
She

wears

helmet.

On the front of the

This

figureis in very low relief.

labours
sarcophagusare the following

24
of Hercules.

Cerberus

by
a

from

rock

On

Hades, the

lookingtowards
to the

moves

rock

of

are

which

to

crouchinga

to

is indicated
a

looks back

figure

him

at

by

In

cavern.

diminutive

right,dragging Cerberus

right hand.
hangs from

Cerberus

is

Hercules, who

in his
skin

entrance

of

bringingaway

like the entrance

archingover
in this

recess

left is the

the extreme

he

as

chain held

His

left grasps the club ; the lion's

left arm.
The
hind-quartersof

his

behind

hidden

of his other

the rock, beyond which

the

heads

He appears
to
appears.
be sitting
his haunches.
The next group
on
represents
Hercules stoopingover
the body of the slain Hippolyte,

nose

one

and

despoilingher of her girdle,the end of which he

The Amazon
a
wears
chiton,
grasps with his righthand.
reachingto the hips,over which is a diplotdion.Her
waist is encircled with a broad girdle. On her feet are
buskins.
her left shoulder.
Her head hangs over
Her
left hand

which
the

the

grasps

is shown.

handle

of her

is stretched out behind

rightarm
left legof Hercules,whose rightfoot rests on her waist.
Her

lion's skin is twisted round

The

The

group
goldenapplesfrom

large snake,
back

to

looks

towards

below

the

the

towards

garden of

with

fruit.

Hercules

Bound

stands

spectator. His
the

tree.

is coiled

its trunk
the

on

right, with

head, turned

Both

The

edge

His left arm

hangs
the

is

carryingoff the
Hesperus. In the centre

his

arms

left hand

to

has been

below

it.

of the lion's skin.

daughtersof Hesperus,two

arm,

On

his

left,
off

remains, restingon
horse in the

protectedby the lion's

The

missing left

the

broken

are

top of his club in front of the nearest

group.
skin, which

the

the

shoulder.

next

down

Hercules

represents Heroules

next

is the tree laden

his left arm.

liesin the contrarydirection.

turned to the left; the Amazon

the

shield,the inside of

snake's
the mouth

the left

of whom

are

are

head

bends

touching
the three

representedin

25
very low

relief in the

contrary directions. Their bodies

by the third Hesperid,who moves

lookinground

attitude of terror.
is a

She

diploidion,
reachingto the hips,and girtat
is Hercules

Next

king

subduingthe

of Thrace.-

one

Cavallo

his

Eome

the

body

He

stands

thrown

him

from

round

to the

his

is

on

hero

horses of Diomedes,
in

stands

of the

two

in

an

horses,who

right,about

to strike

horse

the

he raises behind

the elbow.

from

low

of

looks

that side
with

his

his left arm,

his feet,in very

he has felled to the
rein

hanging

his shoulder

is an

indented

surcingle,or

band.

Behind

line,
marking the edge

springing

At

lies a third horse,whom

relief,
ground. The horse on the right has

his head.

on

his head

His lion's skin is twisted round

wanting

loose from

are

Hercules

oppositedirections.

club,which

righthand.
which

wild

the waist.

rightleg advanced, and the weight of

the right foot; the left leg extended.

between

away
with

which

attitude very
of the colossal figureson the Monte

The

similar to that of
at

in

are

talaric chiton,over

wears

heads look

nearly concealed
rapidlyto the left,
right hand raised in an

Hercules, her

at

Their

background.

In

the

background,behind the heads of Hercules and the horses,

with
structure
is representedthe outline of a covered
an arched
opening,probablythe chariot of Diomedes, here
in the form of a thema.
represented
of the sarcophagus,
On the extreme
right,at the corner
is Hercules, turned
to the left,stranglingthe Nemean
The lion
presses with his left arm.
has forced the olaws of his rightfore-pawand left leginto

whose throat
lion,
the left

thigh and

above their
On

knee

of the

killingthe

twine round

hack,about

of the

hero.

In

the

distance,

heads,is an olive-tree.

the end

Hercules

he

his waist
to

strike

sarcophagusnext

to this group

is

Hydra, whose snaky folds

and rightleg and thigh. He draws
with his club,which is raised over

Lernaaan

36
his head.
Behind

lion's skin is twisted

His

him

is

is

Hercules

stag,which
the

This

the

century,
lion

Nemean

his

adopted.
is not

beard

end

in relief two

are

between

In

of the

the
of

phagus,
sarco-

rather

them

with

the contest

in

the

lid of

The

indicated.

at either end

sarcophagusterminates

face to face

On

representedbeardless, and

is

AJ).

in which

his back.

In the groups
the front,the bearded
on
in the
type of the hero which prevailed

form.

clumsy

more

haunches

prostratetrunk

the other

at

scene

is

Hercules

the

Kerynsean
right hand,

lion'sskin of Hercules.

hangs the

this and

in
slighter

the left lies

on

cophagus
sar-

or

the pressure of his left knee on

each side by rocks.
is flanked on

which

tree,from

third

Masnalian

subduing the

arm.

of the

by the antler with his

stag'shead,and forcinghis

of the rock

summit

and

oppositeend

ground by
group

In

his left

seizes

he

drawing back the

to

the

At

tree.

round

small

ment,
pedi-

winged Sphinxes seated

sepulchral
pillar.The

four

with
masks,
angles of the lid have been ornamented
representinga bearded mask, apparentlyof Hercules,
wearing the lion's skin. One of these masks is wanting.
Though this sarcophagusis probablynot earlier than the
third century, a.d., the groups
well composed, and
are
the execution

forcible.

Ht. 3 ft. 3 in.

Length 7
found

was

Engraved,Annali

ft.

in

3J

1866

in.
at

d. Inst. Arch.

Width

2 ft.

Genzano,
Rom.

8J in.
the

near

XL.

tav.

d.

This

phagus
sarco-

Via

Appia.
F. G.

Agg.

Castellani.

(47.)Iconic

Female

press
Figure, thought to be the EmLivia, but perhaps representinga priestess. She
talaric

wears

studs,over
head
folds

and
over

wreath

tunic, fastened

which
wound
the left

is

round
arm.

sculpturedin

on

palliumdrawn
the
Her
the

the

right arm

with

over

the back

of the

in
body, the ends falling
head

marble

is bound

with

in relief. On

her

rich

laurel

right

27
foot is
broken
hand

off at

those of

are

month

toe.

an

been

have

arms

inserted.

The

mutilated.

features

From
the
in years.
sustained, it would be most

rather advanced

person

the face has

injurieswhich

Both

iron dowel has been

much

are

left foot has been

The

from the elbow, and the left

wanting.

jointwhere

and

nose

are

pointedat the
The rightarm

away.
wrist
and

broken
The

shoe

difficult to

the person represented. The drapery

identify
is richlycomposed,and wrought with great delicacyand
of execution.
The compositionof the folds is
facility
like that of the drapery of the female statue in
strikingly
the Mausoleum
Room, which is commonly called Artemisia.
Ht.

6 ft. 7 in.

Found

at

near
Atrapalda,

in
Aveilino,

Lower

Italy.

CasteUani.

the west

(48.)At

of busts, is

range
bust

of

an

and

Medallion

head,
who is bald over the forepersonage,
A tunic covers
has his beard closelyshaven.

shoulders,and
The

left shoulder.

serenityand
Ht.

Galleryover the lower

in profile
the
representing

of the

unknown

his breast and

his

end

folded mantle

is

countenance

hangs over
expressiveof

benevolence.
2 ft. 1 in.

2 ft. 5 in. ; width

in 1771.

Purchased

from

Marbles,X., pi.57, fig.1.

Mus.

palaceat

Florence

T.

(49.)Opposite to the Medallion last described is one

(Mus.Marbles,
very similar to it,thoughtby Mr. Hawkins
X., p. 140),to be an ancient copy from the same
original,
in a more
recent
executed
but
period than the other
Mr. Hawkins

Medallion.
is

Greek

general character

thinks

that the personage

philosopher;but
of the countenance

the
in both

costume

sented
repreand

these heads

seem

rather Roman,

of the

This

Medallion

brought to England by Sir Wm.

it was
obtained by Mr. Towneley.

Stanhope,from
Ht.

was

whom

2 ft. 7} in ; width

2 ft.

Mus.

Augustan

age, than

Marbles,X., pi.57, fig.2.

Greek.

T*

28
On

shelf

the upper

beginningfrom

the west

(50.)Head

of Anacreon

the face resembles

the

are

end

that

of

with

ivy

an

"

that

as

poet

of Anacreon
on

The

here

head

wreath.

The

fitted into
anciently

socket.

from

described

is

tip of the nose is

injured.The neck
Anacreon

flourished

540.

b.c.

Ht. 1 ft. 3J in.

Rome.

From

Castellani.

Bearded
Head, bearing some
(51.)Terminal
to the tragicpoet Euripides,
who was
born
or

its

coin of Teos, the

much
broken, and the surface generally

has been

of

poet in the Villa

d. Inst. Arch. Eom., VI., pi.25),
of

statue

to the figureof
similarity
native place of Anacreon.

crowned

"busts,

"

identified

has been

and

[?]. The generalcharacter

Mon.
Borghesi(engraved,
which

followingheads

left

nose,

surface is in bad

The

485.

cheek,and

condition.

blance
resemb.c.

480

Restorations

bust.

Ht. 1 ft. 7} in.

(52.)Terminal
Corinth,and
attribution
rests

the

Head
of the

one

of

wise

seven

this head

in the

of Periander

name

of Greece.

men

Periander

to

its allegedresemblance

on

[?],tyrant

Periander

of

to

by

Mr.

terminal head

Vatican,which

"

of

The

Combe

bearing

is engraved,

Visconti,Icon. Gr., L, pi. 9, p. 36. On a comparison,

however, of the head as there engraved with the one
here described,
the resemblance
does not seem
sufficiently
make
the attribution proposed by Mr. Combe
strong to
certain.
Ht.

Restorations
ft. 7

and

nose,

in.

Formerly
T.
Marbles,II.,pi.42.

Greek
(53.)Unknown
and both ears
injured; the

in

the

of
splinter
Villa

left

ear.

Montalto,Rome.

Mas.

; the tip of the nose

hair and beard are short,and
Head

29
has

the countenance

placidexpression.The

ancientlyfitted into

been

Ht. 1 ft. 3 in.

Found

socket.

at Rome.

Castellani.

Bearded

Terminal
(54.)Unknown
of a Greek
philosopher;the

The

Ht.

1 ft.

in

for

mouth

Demosthenes."

of

head, meant
his

surface

bad

condition.

5J in.

(55.)Head
of the

Head, probably

bust restored.

and

nose

has

neck

terminal

bearded

Demosthenes, though the peculiartwist

is less

portraits.Eestorations

is

than

apparent

usuallythe

nose, lobe of ears,

in

case

part of left

cheek,neck, and bust.

Ht.

1 ft.

in.

5|

of Demosthenes.

(56.)Head

of the mouth
to
stammering,

thought

in

This is

bronze, the work

probably the originalfrom

in the

Demosthenes

Braccio

Nuovo

infirmityof

was

originally
In the

overcome.

erected
of the

the

orator

he is said to have

280, b.c, the Athenians

peculiarexpression

to indicate

this celebrated

which

which

and
subject,
year

is

The

"

statue

of Demosthenes

sculptorPolyeuktos.
the statue

which
of the

of

Vatican, and
derived.
{See

of him, have been

portraits
1 and
2. Brunn, GesYisconti,Icon. Gr., I.,pi.29, figs.
small heads
chichte d. Griech. Kiinstler,I.,p. 399.) Two
other extant

of

Demosthenes,

were

found

one

of which

in

Herculaneum

at

inscribed with his name,

was

(Bronz.d. Ercol.,

1753.

L,pl.11, 12; II.,p. 256.)

Demosthenes
administered
This bust
whence
and

it was

was

by his

born
own

B.C.

hand, B.C.

is well executed.

obtained

383-82, and
It

died

by poison

322.
was

is not known.

purchasedin
Eestorations

1818
:

nose,

part of the moustache.

Ht. 1 ft. 7i in.

Mus.

Marbles,XI.,pi.20.

Elba,T. G.,IL, p.

11.

30
Head
of Epicurus, the founder
(57.)A Terminal
died b.c. 270.
of the Epicurean sect, who
The memory
of
held in such veneration in the Augusthis philosopher
was
tan
age, that, as we are told by Cicero and Pliny,his portrait
"

in the houses

abounded

of his

admirers,and

adorned

ringsand drinking-cups.It is therefore remarkable

of Epicuruswas discovered till the
no authentic portrait

their
that

year 1742, when

the
representing

double

terminal head

was

found

at

Eome,

of Epicurusand Metrodorus, back

portraits
to back, their names
being inscribed under them in Greek
A small bronze
bust of Epicurus,also inscribed
characters.
with
laneum.
to

The

head here
found

statue, was

of Sta. Maria
nose,

has been

his name,

since discovered at Hercu-

which
described,
in the Villa

Maggiore in Eome,

probablybelonged
the church

Casali,near
in 1775.

Restorations

part of left ear, part of bust and drapery.

Ht. 1 ft. 6

J in.

Mus.

Marbles,II.,
pi.34.

T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p.

13.

T.

of Epicurus ; in excellent condition, the

(58.)Head
The neck
onlyinjuredparts being the edge of both ears.
fitted into a socket.
has been anciently
Ht. 1 ft. 3 in.

From

Rome.

Castellani.

Bearded
Head, resemblingEpicurus,
(59.)Terminal
is usuallyassoand perhapsintended for Metrodorus,who
ciated
with Epicurus in Janiform
Hermes.
Restorations :
bust, partof under lip,and tipof nose.
Ht. 1 ft. 4} in.

Greek

(60.)Unknown

separatepiece and is

made

of

short

and the beard

countenance

Head.

may

be

thick.

The

"

The

nose

wanting ; the
generalcharacter

now

compared with

that

Found

at Rome.

Castellani.

been
hair is
of the

of Metrodorus

engraved,Visconti, Icon. Gr., L, pi. 25a. The

fittedinto a
broken away, but has been anciently
"Ht. 1 ft. 1 in.

has

neck

socket.

as

is

31

(M.)
head

to

Head

of Antisthenes

attribution of this

The

"

rests
Antisthenes, the Cynic philosopher,

on

its

to a bust inscribed with his name

and
strikingsimilarity
engraved by Visconti,Mns. P. C, VI., pi.35. The matted

hair

the

and

with

what

The

Antisthenes

b.c
flourished,

Ht. 1 ft. 3J in.

From

(62.)Unknown
to

statue

366.

Bearded

The

Bequeathedby

Male
(63.)Youthful
growing upright from the
is broken.

representsa real

or

head

(65.)Bust

of

trastrepresentsan
and sunk

deformed.

The

shoulders are

in

is intact.

Sir Wm.

Temple,in

Beardless

1856.

the

Head;
in short

forehead

hair

crispcurls.

whether

slightlyinclined

fitted to

in.

man

; the condition

coarse

bald

Head, beardless,and

The

5}

representsa

the head

heroic personage.

statne

draped. The nose is broken

isin good condition.
Ht. 1 ft.

nose

has been fitted

S. 4rB.

(64.)Unknown
head has been

It

It is uncertain

an

Rhodes.

Ht. 10 in.

which

Head,

execution is rather

The

Ht. 1 ft. 2} in.

forehead.

Castellanf.

Rome.

of the surface excellent.

nose

down

at the base of the neck.

middle life.

The

handed

has been

respond
cor-

concerningthe
of this philosopher.The tip of the nose
is
neck has been anciently
fittedinto a socket.

squalidhabits

wanting.

of the countenance

character

ragged

Diogenes

between

head

away.

the left. This

to

has

The

the

probablybeen

surface otherwise

8. " B.

Rhodes.

old

which

over

man

[7]or Carneades
[?]."This
ward
nearlybald ; the head bent for-

the shoulders,so
is

slightlyturned

as

to appear almost
to the

left; the

draped. The head attributed to Diogenes in

3 and 4, bears little
Icon. Gr., I., pi.22, figs.
Visoonti,

32

resemblance
in

the

to

here under

one

consideration,which,

respects,presents a slightresemblance to the bust

author
attributed by the same
to Cameades, because
the
some

philosopheris

of that

name

Restorations

213.

about

born

Diogenes was

12$

lip,and

upper

for such

as

The

of life ;

past the middle

is hard
sculpture

in

if

features

are

1824.

those of

the left shoulder

over

as

copiedfrom

restored,but

has been

nose

B.C.

Mas.

Bust, published in the

Sophocles;but there is no ground

attribution.

an

about

Bearded

Marbles

Museum

drapery.

chin.

in.

(66.)Unknown

of the

412, Carneades

b.c.

nose,

the

on

Bequeathed by R. P. Knight, Esq.

T. G.,II.,p. 11.
Marbles,XL, pi.19. Ellis,

Ht.

The

inscribed

is

bronze.

the bust

man

drapery.
The tip

is otherwise

intact.
Ht.

ft.

Discovered

in.

7}

Marbles,II.,pi.26.

about

1775, near
T
.
Ellis, G.,II.,p. 1. T.

Mus.

Genzano.

This bust repreto Aratus."

(67.)Bust attributed
sents
the
head
turned
the
to
an
slightly
right,
elderly
man,
the forehead,and
the lipsparted. The hair is short over
back over
the temples. The lower part of the face
drawn
with

is covered

found

to

Aratus, but

in

1770

Ht.

18" in.

(68.)Bust

Mus.

of

on

Hippocrates,

Visoonti
that of
to

on

the

Hippocrateson

very advanced

T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p.

age.

the

attribution

resemblance
a

was

supposed site of
bust,and tipof nose.

Marbles,XL, pi.21.

"

buted
attri-

the

on

Kestorations

Physician [?]. This

has been

sufficient grounds. It

no

Albano,

near

villa of M. Varro.

This bust

thick beard.

celebrated

is based

which

coin of Cos.

by

16.

the

T.

Ancient
Combe

this head

bears

and
to

lived
Hippocrates

very similar bust in the Louvre

engravedas Hippocratesin Visoonti,loon. Gr.,L, pL 32,

figs.1-3, who cites several others. It was found near
is

33
ruins supposedto be those of the villa of
Albano, in some
Marcus Varro,who, accordingto Pliny,had seven
hundred
in his libraiy.Hippocrates
portraitsof illustrious men

flourished
left ear,
Ht.

Eestorations,nose, upper

460-357.

B.C.

part of

neck, and bust.

1 ft.

6J

io.

Mus.

Marbles,II.,pi.20.

(69.)Unknown

Male

T. G., II.,
Ellis,
p.

the

Head;

beard

and

6.

T.

hair

and hard.
This head
close-shaven; the features meagre
advanced
in years.
The
probably represents a Eoman
is broken

neck

restored

as

off

littlebelow

the chin.

The

bust

is

Term.

1 ft. 6 in.

Ht.

Roman
Personage; the
(70.)Bust of an unknown
are
ears
unusuallylargeand projecting
; the hair has been
shaved
close on the head, a fashion which prevailed
during
the later periodof the Eoman
Eepublic,as we see by the
bust of the famous
ScipioAfricanus.
This

head

bears

resemblance

some

differs from

Icon. Kom., I.,pi.9, figs.

1, 2), but
(Visconti,

having the hair close-shaven.

it in

are

ears

Ht.

are

The

ohin

nose,

and

restored.

Bequeathed by R. Payne Knight,Esq.,in

T. G.,II.,
Marbles,XI., pi.31. Ellis,
p. 67.

14

and

1824.

in.

(70a.)Unknown
probablya Eoman
short

of Corbulo

to that

Iconic

man

Bust, representing

Augustan period. The

beard closelyshaven ; the

of the

waved, the

those of

Male

in middle

life.

Mus.

Eestorations

hair

is

features

the nose,

chin, part of left ear, and edge of left shoulder.

Ht. 1 ft. 5i in.

Male

(71.)Unknown
stronglymarked.

Bust, beardless

belt passes

across

the

eyebrows

the breast

over

the

fcoogle

34

rightshoulder.
of the

the left shoulder

On

is broken

nose

Ht., inclusive

Esq.,in

of

Ht.

1 ft. 7" in.

the

the

of

][]
"

The

the

over

been

hair

is waved

of the neck.

nape

Male

Head, beardless

end of the

nose

Male

Smith

and

carved

on

head
in

may have
the eyes.
The

down.

of the surface

From

(76.)Bust

of

of the

8}

thought to

Porcher,Hist.

helmet.

left

corner

and

ears

has been
There
of the

execution is indifferent

Alexandria.

Boy

only has

nose

The

and

are

fitted
traces

mouth

is

the condition

good.

in.

Ht.

worn

short

separate piece of

marble, probablyof another colour,which

drawn

The

the features

beardless. The

Head,

been

of the head have

age ; the hair

is broken
off.

1\ in. Temple of Venus, Cyrene.

No. 96.
Disc, p. 104.

of colour

over

retouched.
slightly

past the middle

man

The

it may-

head,

Castellani.

(75.)Unknown

on.

nose

E.

to have

straight.The

back

Payne Knight,

the Drusi.

family of

falls

(74.)Unknown

Ht.

R.

beardless; the

Bust,

Antonia

and

Ht. 7 J in.

Bequeathed by

in.

character

Athens.

of

appears

those of

9}

Male

of the

one

forehead

mouth

ft.

base,1

From

(73.)Bust]
the

end

1824.

off.

represent

drapery. The

off.

(72.)Unknown
broken

is

be that of

in 1872.

; the shoulders

been
a

Purchased

restored.

young

draped. The

This

Nero, but

head
cannot

end

has been
factorily
be satis-

identified.
Ht.

Bequeathed by
Marbles,XI.,pL 27.

12

in.

R.

Payne Knight, Esq.,in

1824.

Mus.

35

(77.)Bust

of

from

Lady

named

Olympias, dedicated,

the base, by her freedon

inscription
Epithymetus. The head-dress,which is probablya

as

appears

man

an

wig of the kind called galerum,resembles that of the

Empressesof the Flavian family; though it may be inferred
from the inscription
that this bust is probablynot later
than

the

time

of Nero.

The

fringedunder- garment, probably

passes

the

over

indifferent
Ht.

ft. 2

Burke*s
29.

collection of

T.
Ellis,

(78.)Bust
divided
of the

Purchased

in.

of

nose,

the

Right
Mus.

1812.

Marbles,XI., pi.

all sides to the back

on
converge
twisted
are

into

knot.

generalexecution,which
probablethat this head is not
century,

This

stillvisible in the hair.

is

Eestorations

dry

earlier

Traces

a.d.

of red
:

end

of

bust.

6J in. Brought from Rome

portion,
T.
T. G.. II.,p. 63.
Marbles,X., pi.18. Ellis,

(79.)Bust of
the right side of
ear.

heads of the
is not

Edmund

hair is formally

Ht. of ancient

the

Hon.

the

as

it

makes

The

Child."

Female

which
plaits,
head, where
they

are

bust, though of

sale of the

marbles,in

than the close of the second

colour

indusium,

or

excellent condition.
at

into

meagre,

This

G.,II.,p. 53.

head-dress,as well
and

unusual.

tunic

the

left shoulder.

is in
sculpture,

is

costume

Boy.

the

"

The

hair is cut

head, where

two

in

1785.

Mus.

short,except

long curls

fall

on

over

has been observed

in the
peculiarity
of the lock
Egyptian Horus, but the position

similar

quitethe

Ht. of ancient

same.

6
portion,

Eestorations
in.

Mus.

chin, bust.

Marbles,X., pi.18, fig.2.

(80.)Bust of a Child, the breast naked;

probablydoes not exceed four years.
and from the character
evidentlya portrait,

T.

the age sented

repreThis bust is
of the hair is
d

36

probablynot earlier than the time of the Antonines.

lower part of left ear.
: tipof nose,
Ht.

13

Purchased

in.

Mus.

(81.)Head
Ht.

6"

of

face.

Bust.

clustered

in

of curls

rows

Antonia.

The

Kestorations

nose

Ht. 1 ft. 2 in.

Bequeathedby

left side.

the

on

may
nose,

The

worn.

side of the

that of

The-

Agrippina

is very

poorv

bust.

and

the forehead with

hard and

the forehead,

over

of this head

Sir William

(83.)Bust of an Elderly
wound
in a plait
round the crown
over

1856.

of the neck.

nape
resembles

execution

sculptoF.
T.

each

on

the

head-dress

of the

Temple,in

hair is waved

The

"

G., II.,p. 62.

restored.

Sir William

Behind, it falls down

character
and

Neck

"

Bequeathedby

in.

(82.)Female
and

Boy.

Roman

Albacini, a

T.
Ellis,

pi.30.

Marbles,XL,

of

1772

in

storations
Re-

poppy

Temple.

Lady. The haiir

of the head,and encircled1

Roman

"

The

wreath.

surface of the head

The

shoulders

features

is much

are-

corroded

draped. This bust

Vespasian. Kestorations :are

of
represent the mother
left side of neck, and nearly all the bust.

Ht.

Pozzuoli.

1 ft. 6 in.

Bequeathedby
The

of Antinous.-"

(84.)Head

Sir William

tipof

the

Temple.
nose

broken-

off.
Ht.

Bequeathedby

7J in.

Female

(85.)Unknown
that

perhaps,it
rows

of

Marciana

the

over

the back of the head.

Ht. 1 ft. 3f in.

Temple.

Head."
on

The

is intended.

of curls

1857.

Sir William

Roman

hair is

forehead,with

The

nose

The

head-dress

sembles
re-

coins,for whom,

arranged in three
a
long plaitround

is broken.

Discovered by the Bey. N. Davis,at Carthage,in.

37

the

of Hadrian,
portraits

of the mouth.
has been

Head, bearded.

Male

(86.)Unknown
The

fitted to

execution

the left side has been broken

This

head

sembles
re-

differs in the form

but

is rather

The

statue.

"

The

coarse.

head

part of the neck

lower

on

away.

Ht. 1 ft. 3J in.

(87.)Female

Bust.

the

of Faustina

is similar to that

The head-dress

"

therefore represent,
may
little likeness to that

this bust

Elder, whom

though the features have

Empress. The shoulders are draped. The sculptureis
mean, and deficient in style.The end of the nose is slightly
dition.
injured,but in other respectsthis head is in good conHt.

1 ft. 11 in.

p.

Found

102, No.

at

Smith

Head,

with

Porcher,Hist. Disc,

and

49.

(88.)Iconic Female
of plaitscoiled round
the cone
is piercedas
therefore,that
bronze

Cyrene.

this

weights

in

conical

if for

head

was

Soman

of

head-dress

composed

The

mass.

apex

of

suspension. It is possible,
the
used as a weight, as
sometimes
steelyardswere

fashioned in the form of heads.

Ht.

Found

11 in.
be

that

No.

89.

(89.)Iconic

of

at

Cyrene

Venus.

Female

on

Smith

the
and

site

of

temple supposed to

Porcher, Hist.,Disc,

Bust, remarkable

for the

p.

104,

singular

composed of plaitscoiled round in a

This head-dress seems
to be an
conical mass.
exaggeration
of the fashion which
prevailedin the time of the Empress
Faustina the Elder, and probably represents some
lady of
found with No. 88 at Cyrene, on the
that period. It was
The
site of the supposedtemple of Venus.
sculptureof
head-dress,which

these

two

heads

Imperialheads
Ht.

1 ft.

10"

is

is very

found at
in.

Smith

inferior

to

that of the

other

Cyrene.
and

Porcher,Hist. Disc,pi.74, p.

97.

38

Pius, wearing armour

(90.)Bust of Antoninus
the paludamentum. Eestorations : bust and tipof nose.
Ht.

T.

in.

1\

of

(91.)Bust
suffered

only

some

pedestalis an

the

having
good condition; the nose
slightinjuryon the surface. Round
inscription,
recording a dedication by

probably executed
Ht. of bust
zano,

1 ft.

the

bust

was

It is

Antonines.

of the

Pedestal,7

in.

in extensive

time

This

friend.

belongedto
pedestaloriginally

the

8J

bis

to

at

certain whetber

not

in

Fortunatus

iEmilius

L.

Person

Middle-aged

unknown

an

and

executed,

well

and

in.

Found,

belongingto

ruins

in

Gen-

1776, near

family.

the Cesarini

it.

Mus,

T.

Marbles,X., pi.15.

Bust, which, from the styleof the bead(92.)Female

the Younger,
dress,is probablyof the periodof Faustina
is a tunic.
under whicb
Bound
the shoulders is a pallium,
The

is broken

nose

Ht.

1 ft. 10

p.

Found

in.

105, No.

late and
Ht.

Found

107, No.

back

are

of the head
Ht.

Porcher, Hist. Disc,

It bears

wanting ; probably

; the nose

to Albinus.

resemblance

some

passingbehind

Cyrene.

Smith

and

Porcher, Hist. Disc,

at

the

Pozzuoli.

ears

the
is

"

The

beard

the hair
the

rough ; the pupils

tip of the nose and

Bequeathedby

Lady,

Roman

across

Head.

Bearded

deeplyincised
wanting.

of

hair is waved

at

in the centre

Found

1 ft. 4 jn.

(94.)Head
Her

bearded

Male

long and divided

eyes

and

128.

(93a.)Unknown
of the

Smith

Cyrene.

coarse.

1 ft. 5 in.

p.

work.

110.

(93.)Male Head,
Roman
Emperor.

Art

at

Roman

Fair

away.

brow

inclined
and

plaitedand

Temple;

Sir Wm.

to the

temples,and
doubled

up

right*
after
over

39

the

head.

The

head-dress

Etruscilla.

The

tip of

of the

crown

of Herennia

resembles

the

that

has

nose

been

restored.
Ht. 11 in.

Castellani.

(95.)Bust
which

has

scowling expression
in the

to

of
description

also be seen
in this
may
towards
the left shoulder

Emperor, No. 37,

the

Here

The

"

alreadyreferred

been

the bust of this

bust.

Caracalla.

of

is turned

head

instead of towards

Eestorations

described.
previously
on
rightcheek.
Ht.

right,as

the

Female
(95a.)Youthful
and gatheredup behind in
which prevailedfrom 200
eyes incised

the

the character

of the

patch

the bust

Ht. 2 ft.

4f

10"

broad

to 250

The

a.d.

pupilsof

the

It bears

probablybelongsto
resemblance

some

been identified.

never

otherwise in

From

"

Geta,

to

The

the

nose

is

good condition.

in.

(97.)Unknown
are short ; the tipof
of features is

; the hair drawn back

after the fashion
plait,

Bust

art, this bust

has
portrait

Male
the

Head.

"

The

has been

nose

hair

and

beard

injured. The type

coarse.

in.

(98.)Head
wreath.

and

bust, nose,

bust, and tip of chin restored.

nose,

century, a.d.

and
intact,

Ht.

bust

Bust, bearded, the shoulders naked.

(96.)Iconic

but the

of the

Castellani.

in.

10"

second

case

in.

7|

Ht.

the

in

The

The

of

features

are

Poet
intact and

hair is short and

temples.This
Ht. 8 in.

Roman

head

Castellani.

seems

falls
of

[?],wearing

laurel

in excellent preservation.

the
on
straight
late period.

brow

and

40

(99.)Head
ram's horns

of

Jupiter Amnion."
restored; the lipsmended.

is broken

nose

The

tips of
The
tip of

the
the

off.

Ht. 1 ft. 6 in.

Blacas.

(100.)Head of Jupiter Serapis, in green marble, the

restored in plaster. The head
bust draped,and partially
is surmounted
by a modius,on which are myrtlesprigs.
12f in.

Ht.

T.

of Jupiter Serapis. The

(101.)Bust
head is plain. ^Restorations : bust,ends of

modius

"

on

the

curls behind.

Ht. 1 ft. 2J in.

Jupiter Serapis. The bust,which

floral support. The shoulders
a

of

(102.)Bust
antique, rests

"

on

is
are

draped.
Ht. 11 in.

[Athene]. This head was

the middle of the ceUatin the Temple of Apollo
found near
the statue supposedto representHadrian,
at Cyrene,near
but rather
It is in unusuallyfine preservation,
No. 23.
and heavy in execution,and belongstherefore,procoarse
bably,
(103.)Head

of

Minerva

to the Eoman

The

period.

called Corinthian, has

kind
nasal.

In other

Ht.

1 ft. 2 in.

(104.)Head
helmet.
helmet
on

"

to

"

The

Smith

lower

and

Mus.

of

below

the

uninjured.

[Athene] in

Minerva

part

small statue

is

is of the

Porcher,Hist. Disc, pi.63.

It has

restored.

(105.)Head

the front broken

respectsthis head

of

Ht. 1 ft. 4 in.

helmet, which

of the

nose

and

probably been

of Minerva.

Found

Marbles,XL, pi.3.

Apollo.
"

The

surface is in indifferent condition.

Corinthian

the front of the

ancientlyfitted
near

Borne.

T. G.,I.,p.
Ellis,

nose

The

320.

restored.
hair is drawn

T.

The
up

41

in

knot

the

over

forehead,probably the fashion called

Jcrobylo8.
Ht.

1 ft. 3" in.

(106.)Head
tresses

some

the

behind

Ht.

12"

the hair
The

of

each side.

features

bear

which

band

of the head

resemblance

some

passes under

to

is cut away.
of
the portrait

it appears

as
Dionysos,

on

his coins.

bust restored.

head,8

pupilsof the
wound
plaits,
ribbon

of

Ht.

bust and

11

in.

Girl;

Young

the

mouth

hair,braided in

open;

two

long

head, and fastened with

restored.

nose

Castellani.

(108b.)Unknown
middle-agedman,
laurel

perhaps representinga poet ;

restored.
slrophion

eyes incised ; the

twice round the

with

encircled

Castellani.

in.

(108a.)Bust

Head,

1853.

therefore

bust, and front of

Ht. of

Arley House, in

Bearded

(108.)Unknown
and
the strophion,
nose,

at sale at

Purchased

Ht. 1. ft. 2 in.

with

is

back

The

Ptolemy IX., sumamed

The

wreathed
[Dionysos],

Bacchus

Young

On the forehead

on

1847.

Castellani.

in.

vine.

Lucas,in

is restored.

nose

(107.)Head
with

R. C.

inclined to the right;

[Artemis],
gatheredand tied in a knot on the top of
rest of her hair is gatheredinto a knot

are

the

of Mr.

of Diana

the

head;

Purchased

; no

Iconic

bald

on

beard ;

Male

a
Bust, representing

the forehead

pupilsof

the head

eyes incised

crowned

tipof

nose

wanting.
Ht. 1 ft. 3} in.

(108c.)Unknown

Kos. A. B.

Iconic

Male

Bust, representing

42

elderly
man, bald on
harsh.
and expression
an

Ht.

1 ft.

the

Probablyof

scanty ; features

Augustan

Bequeathedby

at Pozzuoli.

Found

in.

; beard

the forehead

age.

Temple.

Sir W.

a middle-aged
(108D.JIconic Male Bust, representing
The hair
Eoman, probablyof the time of the Antonines.
curled ; the beard rather straight
short and slightly
; the
pupilsof the eyes incised.

Ht.

1 ft. 1J in.

Ephesus.

FIRST
On

J. T. Wood.

side of this

the south

beginningfrom

room

with
with

"

certain

The

are
accessories,

Satyr

is

the

are

the south-eastern

(109.)Satyr Playing
[Dionysos]. The rightarm
and

ROOM.

GR.ECO-ROMAN

the
the

followingsculptures,

angle :

"

Infant

Bacchus

pedum which it holds,

restored.
his

representedstanding on

he supports on
turningtowards the child, whom
In a goat'sskin suspendedfrom his left
hand.
are

grapes

and

other

fruits,to which

helping himself holding

in

his

the

left hand

toes, and
his left

shoulder

infant
a

god

bunch

is
of

Satyr,togetherwith the mass

it,is supportedby a trunk of a tree,
which
from
hang a pair of cymbals. At the foot of the
tree is a panther,
looking up at the Satyr,and restingthe
The
Satyr is crowned
rightfore-paw on a goat'shead.
with ivy.
with pine. The infant is crowned
and animated, but
The motive of this group is original
the compositionis not felicitous. The
principalfigure
the left side,and depends too much
over-laden on
seems
The left arm
grapes.
of objects
restingon

on

clumsy

and

of the

artificialsupport which

disturbs the eye.

43

The

of
proportions
the

parts of

the

Satyr are

dinate
long,and the subortreated.
very carelessly

too

compositionare

Allowing for these defects,this group may be considered

fair specimen of decorative Eoman
a
sculpture.Similar
figures,but without the infant, are engraved in Clarac,
pi. 706, fig. 1,684; pi. 716, fig.1,707; pi. 716d, fig.
1,685e.

Early in the seventeenth century this group

of the Grand
Duke
of Tuscany,and
possession
in the Villa
Palazzo

Albani

Farnese.

other Farnese
Ht.

It

it

afterwards

passed

into

the

purchased,together with

was

the

statues, in 1864.

ft. 3 in.

whence

Eome,

at

in the

was

1621, p.

Urbis Romae
Icones,Romae,
Antiqnarum Statuarum
Gerhard, Ant. Bildw., Stuttgart,1837, pi. 103,

100.

1.
Fea, Indicazione per la Villa Albani, 1785, p. 15. No. 92.
De Triqueti,in
Platner,Beschreibungvon
Rom, HI.,2, p. 480.

%.

Fine
No.

Arts

Quarterly,III.

(110.)Youthful
of grapes

mantle

and

arm

the excellent
certain

hand,
the

and

lower

shoulder.

and

the

colour

was

over

is remarkable

statue

The

face.

for
has

form

style is somewhat
drapery is carelessly

the

The

at the back.
executed, especially

firstfound, red

part of his body and

beauty,though

meretricious.

bunch

vine wreath.

wearing a

This

preservationof

effeminate

mannered

Harrison,

11.

holdinga
[Dionysos],

Bacchus

in his left

passes round

his left

Caldesi,No.

p. 209.

860.

this

When

visible

the

on

statue

eyes

was

and

the

wreath.
Ht.

5 ft. 9 in.
and

Porcher,Hist.

(111.)Head
upper lip,lobe
and the bust
ornament

Found

in the

temple of
Disc, pi.61.

of Juno
of

are

[Hera].

rightear,

restored.

called

"

curls

The

the
stephane,

Bacchus

The

on

upper

side of the

is crowned

edge

Smith

Cyrene.

middle

nose,

each

head

at

of

of the

neck,

with

which

the
is

embattled.
slightly

"

u
It has been
and

thought that

other

some

stood in the Herraum

Ht.

of

(112.)A
whole

to the

goddess by Polyoletus,
Argos.

at

from
Rome,
portion,13J in. Obtained
T. G. I.,p. 315.
T.
Marbles,XL, pi.1. Ellis,

Statue

of Diana

of the

right arm,

drapedto
[Artemis],
the
the

the left foot,and

downward,

knee,

in

left

from

arm

rightfoot

and

1774.

the feet

the elbow

leg nearly

restored.

are

of
Combe, in his description
Marbles,is of opinionthat the

bow, and

the

was

ancient

Mus.

The

derived

are

of that

chryselephantinestatue
which

of Juno

heads

extant

this

prototypefrom which

the

that the

righthand

this statue
left

was

in the Museum

held a
originally
from
drawing an arrow
arm

quiver. From a mark in the marble, it may be inferred

that this quiverwas attached behind the rightshoulder,
and
was
probablyof bronze. The type would thus very nearly
resemble that of Diana on a gold coin of Augustus,struck
in the twelfth year of his reign. The head of this figure
is made of a separatepieceof marble, and is inserted in a
a

socket in the neok.

the

of the head

crown

hair

The

after

is drawn

up

into

knot

fashion characteristic of

on

Apollo

figureis clothed in a talaric chiton,over

which
falls a diploidion
and girtat the
reachingto the hijte
waist.
The folds are deeplyand elaborately
wrought,and
the treatment
of the hair,
their extreme
as well as
tenuity,
that this figurewas
copied from
suggeststhe [probability
an

The

Diana.

and

originalin bronze.
Ht., includingplinth,6
about
T.

eight miles

G., I. p.

(113.)Bust
expressionof
this

the

head

200.

of
the

may

character

of

ft. J in.

from

Rome.

Found,
Mus.

La Storts,
1772, near
pi.14. Ellis,
Marbles,III.,
in

T.

the
life-size. From
[Artemis],
countenance, it has been thought that
in
Imperial personage
represent some
Diana, possiblyFaustina the younger.
Diana

"

45

Restorations
and

part of

bust, tip of

1824.

of both

edge

outer

ears,

of head.

crown

of ancient

Ht.

nose,

ft.

1
portion,

Mus.

Bequeathed by
Marbles,XL, pi.6.

R. P.

Knight, Esq.,in

This figure
representsthe
(114.)Apollo Citharcedus.
god in a musing attitude,as if pausingbetween the strains
"

of his

left hand,

His

music.

broken

now

have

off,must

has been
stringsof his lyre; his right arm
of his head,
raised ; the righthand, restingupon the crown
he is about to strike the
has held the plectrumwith which
where
this
lyre. On the hair may be seen a projection

the

touched

hand

has

been

lyrerests
twined.

on

attached.

the trunk

A bow

and

of

other end is wanting. The

as

if he

listeningto

were

his head

tree,round

quiverhang

terminates

ends of the bow

On

wreath.

which

of the

of

One

of the

Gryphon

the

serpent is upturned,

of the god.

the music

The

serpent is

the tree.

from

in the head
head

is

Traces of

the tree and quiver. A mantle

red colour may be seen
on
the
hangs from the left shoulder of Apollo,and crosses

body ; on his feet are sandals ; under his

left foot is the kroupezaor scabellwm,an instrument
by
This statue is probably
marked.
which
musical time was
other nearly
two
celebrated original,
as
a copy from
some
in the CapitolineMuseum
at
similar figuresexist, one
at Naples. (See Claracr
Borne, the other in the Museum
pi.489, fig.954.)
pi.480, fig.921b; and ibid.,
and
and beautiful expression,
has a suave
The countenance
the generalattitude is very harmoniouslycomposed. The
body is finelymodelled, but the drapery is very inferior

lower

part of

his

part ; the lower

clumsy; but, perhaps,if the

to the nude

base,this
This

want

statue

of

limbs
statue

seem

were

proportionwould

was

Apollo,during the

discovered
excavations

in
at

rather

placed on

be less
a

short and
a

higher

apparent.

temple dedicated to
Cyrene conduoted by

46

Major Smith, R.E., and

It ifemade

up

Captain Porcher, R.N., in 1861.

hundred
and twenty-threefragments,
one
pat togetherat the Museum.

of

have been

which

plinth,7 ft. 6 in.

Miscell.
91.
Caldesi,
of

Ht., inclusive

pi.62, p.

(115.)Bust
;

the

of

the

nose,

hair

and

the head

over

restored.

Porcher,Hist. Disc,

1.

of which

plaitof

head, are

of the

the back

Apollo,

Smith
No.

only is

tique
an-

the forehead and

at

hair is tied in

The

plaitedin a tuft over the forehead.

formed
This bust originally
part of the Albani Collection
it was
at Rome, where
improperlyplacedon the trunk of a
is

behind, and

knot

Bacchus.
Ht. 1 ft.

Obtained

Albani.

Ined.,p.

Mas.

der
Towneley,in 1773, from Cardinal AlexanMarbles,XI.,pi.4. Winckelmann, Mon. Ant.

Mr.

T. G., I.,p.
Ellis,

31.

322.

T,

[Aphrodite],The rightarm
left fore-arm, the rightfoot from

(116.)Venus
the

by

"

elbow, the

from

above

above

the

ankle, the heel and half of the left foot,have been restored.
The

longhair

The

justleft

knot

covered with

vase

indicates

is gatheredinto

that

the

This statue

one.

the

draperyat
goddessis about
is very

subjectin the

same

on

the

top of the head.

the side of this

to take

bath, or

similar to the
Museum

figure

of the

one

has

senting
repre-

Capitolat

but is very inferior to it in execution.

Several other copiesof the same
subjectexist

Rome,

of
probably,repetitions

Praxiteles,modified
Ht. 6 ft. 9 in.
Fourth.

Terminal
(117.)

to

pleaseRoman

Venus

of

taste.
the
260

12.

Bust

of Homer."

The end of the

nose

vanced
This bust representsthe poet in very adA fillet,
tainia%the distinctive mark
age, and blind.
is,of course, an
poet,enoirolesthe head. The portrait

only is restored.
a

as

celebrated Knidian

all are,

Presented,in 1834, by His MajestyKing William

T. G., I., p.
Mas.
Marbles, XL, pi. 34. Ellis,

Caldesi,No.

of

so

the

47

iMeal

its first conception

was

and

one,

Macedonian
Alexandria.
the

Homer

when
period,
The

are

eyes

probablydue
much

so

was

deep set,and

to the

studied

the wrinkles

at

about

brows

The execution is perhaps

rendered.
elaborately
and overwrought,but this bust, and one
little mannered
a
formerly in the PolignacCollection,and now at Potsdam,
the two
finest extant
have
been generally
esteemed
traits
porof Homer

in marble.

Botticher

by

to that here

much

restored.
is

of

described
incised
than
on

is the

in

779) superior in

describes it

as

very

in the Museum

bust of Homer

at

bronze Greek
some
on
portraitoccurs
period. On the breast of the bust here
Me cwtodiet mihi spem, rudely
inscription

his

late

bust is considered

No.

he

described,but

fine bronze

Florence, and
coins

Potsdam

(Verzeichniss,
p. 488,

style

There

The

characters,which

the fifteenth

do

century. On

not
one

appear

to be

earlier

side of the Term

is r

the other A.
This

bust

the ancient
Ht.

was

discovered,in 1780, in ruins

on

the site of

Baiae.

1 ft.

10| in.

Friederichs,
Bausteine,p. 294.
No. 780.
Harrison,No. 832.
Mon.
painting,

T. G., I. p. 343.
Ellis,
Verzeichniss,
Botticher,
p. 488,

Marbles,II.,pi. 25.

Mus.

d. Inst. Arch.

See

Horn.

figureof Homer
X. pi.35.
T.

in

Pompeian

(118.)Satyr, commonly known as the Rondinini Faun.

The torso and rightthighonly are antique. The restorer
the Satyr playingon the cymbals,a motive
has represented
in several extant statues of Satyrs. So much,
which occurs
however, has been suppliedto this statue,that the original
action cannot
been

be

now

ascertained.

restorations have

The

made.
skilfully

Ht., without
at

Rome.

the

5
plinth,

Purchased

ft. 9 in.
in

Formerly in

1826.

Mus.

the Rondinini

Palace

Marbles, XI., pi. 41.

T. G., I., p. 238.

Guattani,M.I.,1788, p. 71, pi. 3. Ellis,
13.
N
o.
Harrison,No. 823.
Clarac,pi.714, fig.1703. Caldesi,

48

Head, the bust modern.

Terminal

(119.)Unknown

As this head is encircled

by

"

it is probablythat
tainia,
fillet,

poet. Though the features present at firstsightsome

resemblance
to those of Homer, the two characteristics by

of

that

of
portraits

the received

which

poet are distinguished,

wanting in this head.

and the
the conventional character of the portrait,
From
that Hesiod may
be
slightlikeness to Homer, it is possible
here represented.
blindness and

Ht. 1 ft. 7 J in.

a

old age,

extreme

Found

of

villa

Albano, in 1770, on

near

With

Varro.

Marcus

are

it

the

found

was

alreadydescribed,No. 68, ante.

Hippocrates,
T.
T. G., I. 350.
pi.44. Ellis,

in

The

right shoulder.

her

her feet is

At

work

This

wanting.

are
fore-legs

head

which

seated hound, of

Mus.

head

of

Marbles,II.,

attired
[Artemis],
A quiver is slung behind
and arms
are
wanting.

buskins.

short chiton and

the

of

Venatrix

of Diana

(120.)Statue

supposed site

figurehas

head

the

little merit

and
as

of art.
Ht. 3 ft. 2$ in.

Found

near

Pozzuoli.

Presented

by

W.

R.

Hamilton,

Esq.,1840.
of

(121.)Torso
the

head

and

arms

to those

broken

wanting.

This

Palace

in the Farnese

at

type and

The

Apollo.

Yonth,

off at
torso

have

some

knees;

formerly

was

Eome, having been

attitude

the

restored

as

resemblance

figureof the God of Sleep,Hypnos, in the

Madrid.
{See Archaol. Zeit.,Berlin, 1862,

of the

Museum

at

pi.157.)
Ht. 3 ft. 4J in.

(122.)Head

Purchased

of

Jupiter [Zeus]. The

part of the neck restored.

of

in 1864.

"

The

separatepieceof marble.

nose

and

greater

back of the head is formed

The

features have

milder

49

and

youthful character

more

usually presents ;

and

than

the

this head

hence

type

of

has been

Jupiter
thought

ancient copy of the Zeus Meilichios of the younger

Polycletus; there is,however, little or no evidence in
be

to

an

of such

support

Ht. of ancient
Duke

conjecture.

of St. Albans' sale.

I.,pi.31.
Sculpt.,
d.

a.

and

nose,

the

of Minerva

upper

part

back,

was

on

of the

it,are

Wieseler,Denkmaler

in battle drawn

Ht. 2 ft. 4J in.

Mus.

(124.) Colossal

over

of

visor

This
here

kind of
thrown

the face.

Marbles, I.,pi.1.

Bust

[Athene]; the chin,

helmet, includinga

restored.
The

oalled Corinthian.

was

309.

Overbeck,Kunstmythologie,pi. II.,

Head

great part of the serpent

helmet

Towneley at the
Marbles, X., pi. 1. Spec. Ant.

G., I.,p.

Mr.

by

r.

(123.)Colossal
the

Mus.

Ellis,T.

Kunst, pi. 1, fig.3.

fig.17.

Purchased

ft. 1. in.

portion,1

T. G.,L, p.
Ellis,

Jupiter [Zeus]; the

",nd all below the base of the neck restored.

T.

318.

nose

Very coarsely

sculptured.
Ht.

2 ft. 9f

Found

in Hadrian's

J. T. Barber

Beaumont,

Villa,near Tivoli. Presented

T. G.,I.,p. 310.
Ellis,

by

Esq.,1836.

[Athenfc],
draped in a talaric chiton
(124a.)Minerva
which
is a diploidion
over
reachingto the hips,girtat the
in the centre of which
waist.
is the cegis,
On the bosom
is the Gorgon'shead encircled by scales,
around
which is
The head of this
heads curlingover.
ja fringeof serpents'
figure,both arms, the upper part of the rightleg,both
feet, and part of the draperyon the left side,are wanting ;
the edges of the base are
The rightarm
broken away.
has been
and probably held a spear; a shield
extended
rests on edge on the left side ; a small portionof the rim
remains
Ht.

attached to the marble

4 ft. 6J in.

Ephesus.

above

J. T. Wood.

the left knee.

50

nose

and

the

helmet

place of

eyes

"

restored.

which
to

filledwith
originally

were

representthe
the

purpose

stones, and

the

associated

with

restored

Found

1J in.

I.,pi.22, p.

by

some

Way,

about

preciousthe

probahlyborrowed

storation
re-

by

as

Minerva, and

always sothat usually

not

unlikely

found

mile and

Mr.

Gavin

in the

Hamilton

neighbourhood

Marbles,I.,pi. 16. Spec.Ant. Sculpt.,.

T.
T. G.,I.,p. 316.
Ellis,

This is

"

with

ancient ruins

among

In

this

Mus.

xxxv.

(126.)Canephora.
was

was

pastes.

For

of Rome.
personification

of Rome, in 1787.

statue, and

used

type, however, differs from

Athene, and it is therefore

have here

Ht. 2 ft.

of the eye.

vitreous

helmet, the owl

sockets,,

the silver coins of Nola.

attributed

we

hollow

are

sculptorssometimes

has been

head

greater

coloured substance,,

some

appearance

commonly

more

the artist from

that

natural

ancient

of the

This

In the

; helpart of the-

to Minerva

attributed

(125.)Colossal Head
The
meted.
tip of the

four

evidentlyan
other

architectural

similar

Canephorasin the Villa Strozzi,onthe Appian*

half beyond the tomb
of Caecilia

Metella.

who examined
this site,
Piranesi,
thought that the
Canephoraahad supported the porticoof a small temple,of

storation
{Seehis reof this temple, Vasi, Candelabri, "c, I. pi.13.}
On one of the Canephorasfound on this site was an inscription
statingthat it had been made by Kriton and Nikolaosr
Athenian sculptors,
whence
it has been inferred that these
artists made all the companion figures
found on the samesite. The form of the letters in this inscription
shows that
it is of the Koman
the proximityof this
period. From
site to the Triopian sanctuary of Herodes
Attious, it is
conjecturedhy Brunn (Geschichted. Griech. Kiinstler,I.,
have belonged to some
p. 550),that these Canephoraamay
The Canephora here described
buildingerected by him.

which

he

recognizedsome

fragmentsin

situ.

51

wears

talaric chiton with

with

fastened
diploidion,

circular

the shoulders.
A mantle
ders
fastened on the shoulon
Jibulce
of the Jibulce
by means
just mentioned, perhaps
the epomisdiple,
falls behind,reachingto the feet. On the

head

is

basket,kanoun, of the form

Demeter.

The

circular

rosettes.

monile, and
attitude

On

another

bracelets

are

hair falls down

the

is easy and

is

of

with

the

and
graceful,

earringsare
of beads,

necklace

the

On

pendants.

feet sandals

the

; on

the neck, the

neck

necklace

used in the rites of

thick

soles.

arms

The

compositionof the
statue is nearlyperfect

drapery simple and dignified.This

left foot,and the top of the
: the right forearm, the
basket, are the only restorations of any importance. The
face is intact.
in the reign of Pope
It was
discovered
Sixtus
V., and was
formerly in the Villa Montalto,
whence
it passed into Mr. Towneley's possession
through
Mr. Jenkins, who
Collection in
purchased the Montalto
1786.
Ht.,with kanoun,7 ft.3 J in. Its base,which is ancient,is 6$ in. high.
T. G.,I.,p. 165.
Mus. Marbles,I.,pi.4.
Ellis,
Guattani,M. I.,
Arch. Zeit.,
see
Berlin,1866,
1788, p. 60, pi.1. On Canephora?,
No.

248-252, and Botticher, Yerzeichniss,p. 430,

Gerhard, Antike Bildwerke,pi.94, figg.1-3. T.

pp.

(127.)Seated
Jupiter.
"

is

is seated

on

these

Chthonian

types

were

arms,
Ht. 2 ft.

divinities

head

of

are

united in

of

by

Mr.

X., pi.43, fig.2.

one

late Roman

eagle,part

Purchased

(128.)Bust

throne, on

at Rome

Caldesi,No.

of Minerva

antique. The helmet and

Infernal

or

which

the

rightof

The

combination

that in this statue

in

common

CMhonian

the

left Cerberus.

eagle,and on the
symbolsindicates

an

both

He

Figure of

the

of

Olympic and

type. Such
art.

708.

mixed

Restorations:

plinth.
Towneley,1773.

13.

Mus.

Marbles,

T.

[Athene]."The head only is

draperyare restored in bronze,
e

52

by

the Italian artist Albacini

also restored; the

filledwith
stone

or

Ht.

under

and

nose

for which

the sockets

eyes,

were
plaster,

The

formed
originally

of

eyelids

are

now

precious

some

vitreous substance.
2 ft. 3. in. Found, in 1784, in the Villa
(withoutthe pedestal)
Casali,at Borne,in ruins supposedto be the site of the Baths of
I.,
Olympiodorus. Mus. Marbles,XL, pi,2. Spec.Ant. Sculpt.,
T. G., I p. 319.
T.
pi.49. Ellis,
,

(129.)Unknown
hair, placedon

Female
a

modern

Head, with longdishevelled

terminal bust; the nose, parts

lip,the

back

of the forehead

and

rightside,and

the ends of the tresses

This

lower

of the head

of
presumed portraits
supposed.

resemble the
as

has been
Ht.

14$

in.

pi.28.

Presented

by

the Hon.
Zeit.

Hiibner,in Arch.

(130.) Statue

of

and two
attributes,

Mrs.

it does not, however,

of the

German

Darner.

The

restored.

are

Marbles,XL,

50.

Triformis."

noses

captives,

Mus.

Berlin,1865, p.

Hekati

the

restored.

are

presentsa barbarian type ;

head

on

arms,

This

triple

composed of three female figuresdraped to the

surmounted by a crescent-shaped
their heads severally
feet,
is a modius,composed of
ornament, polos,above which
three cylinders,
placedround a larger central cylinder.
This triple
modius is covered with scales ; the greaterpart
of all three figuresare
hands
of it is restored. The
restored. The keys and oords held by one of the figures
restored on the authorityof a bronze statuette of
are
The
Triformis.
Hekatd
key was a well-known attribute
of that deity,
and was
carried in procession
in her worship.

statue

is

The

type of

mysticalunion of
and Persephone.
This

type

was

Epipyrgidiaof

Hekate

Triformis

the Chthonian

embodied

Alcamenes

as

in

seems

to express

the

deities,
Artemis, Selene,
marble

earlyas

in

the

Hekat"

the time of Phidias.

53

Bound

the base is inscribed

freedman

of the

Emperors

the

place'where the statue was

probablythe junction of three
Ht.

2 ft. 10

in.

Marbles, X.

(131.)Bust
the

neck

and

by
The

Formerly in
pi.41, fig.1.

of

roads

baras,
Bar-

of
(Villicus)

Palace

at Rome.

T. G. I.,pi.29.
Ellis,

restored.

modius, encircled

type of Jupiter Serapismay

was

(trivium).

"

that of

Mlius

dedicated, and which

the Giustiniani

shoulders

by

Bailiff

and

Jupiter Serapis.

the
a

dedication

with

The
The

Mus.

T.

lower
head

branches

part of
is

mounted
sur-

of olive.

be

distinguishedfrom
expressionof the coun^-

mild
Jupiterby the more
of the hair, which, instead
tenance, and by the treatment
of growing erect, like the mane
of a lion,falls over
the
forehead in clusteringmasses,
in the example here
as
described.
Previous
to its restoration
by the Boman
sculptorCavaceppi,this head retained the red colour with
which it had been originally
painted,traces of which still

remain
Ht.

on
1

the marble.
ft. 10" in.

Caldesi,No.

Mus.

13.

Marbles, X., pi.2.

T. G'.,
I.,p.
Ellis,

311.

T.

Figure, restored as Apollo,but more

(132.)Heroic
probablya Bacchus.
Only the torso, rightthigh,and the
support on the right side are antique. The statue as
in the comrestored is supported on both sides
error
position
an
which
artist would
ancient
an
hardly have
the trunk of a tree
A chlamysis thrown
committed.
over
formed
the original
which
support of this figure.
"

Ht.

ft. 2

in.

in
Triqueti,

Farnese
Fine

Arts

Purchased
in 1864.
Palace,Rome.
Caldesi,No.
Quarterly,III.,p. 210.

De
14.

with the attributes

(133.)Statue of Ceres [Demeter],
The
of Isis.
right hand and the end of the nose only
sleeves
This figurewears
restored.
a chiton,
or tunic,with
which
is a mantle
and reachingto the feet, over
(pepZoa),
"

54

fastened

on

ornamented

symbol
hand

of

rightshoulder. On her head is a stephane,

with a disk placed between
two serpents,the
In her left
and surmounted
Isis,
by ears of corn.
the

she holds

of

bucket, the usual attribute

or
situla,

hangs a garland. The righthand, which

is restored,
and evidentlytaken from some
other statue,
of corn
holds ears
and some
fruit,probablya poppy-head,
which

Isis,on

and

date.

This

when

the

in the time of

probablyexecuted

was
figure

types of Ceres

and

Isis

were

so

Hadrian,

blended

to

as

difficulty
distinguished.These mixed types
in the second century, ajx, and were
divinities multiplied
of the age.
a result of the generalpantheistic
spirit
be

with

Ht. 4 ft. 2 in.

Formerly in the Maccarani

T. G. I. p.
Marbles, X., pi.19. Ellis,

Palace
217.

at

of

Mus.

Rome.

Harrison,No.

821.

T.

Figure, the legsrestored from below the

(134.)Heroic
knees

downwards.

antique. The

The

forearms

the left shoulder.

likeness

are

head

of

In the countenance

seems

blended

some

with

statue

hero.

The

but is
rejoined,
chlamyshangs from
vidual
somethingof indi-

been

wanting.

that this
therefore,
possible
the character

has

ideal

an

may

type;

it

is,

represent a king in

body

is well

modelled,

sculpturemay be of the Macedonian period. The

effect of the figureis much
impairedby the restoration of
the legs,by which
the weight of the body is thrown too
and

much

the

the heels.

on

Ht. of ancient
in

1865.

portion,6
De

ft. 8 in.

Triqueti,in

Purchased
Palace,Rome.
Arts Quarterly,IIL,.p. 214.

Farnese
Fine

Harrison,No. 821.

Bound the body a frieze in relief repre(134a.)Erater.

senting
Many of the figuresin this
Satyrsmaking wine.
In the
restored.
compositionhave been partlyor entirely
principal
group, a basket full of grapes is placed on a flat
"

55

rock,

on

both

hands

the

either side of which

rock, which

basket

in order

on

two

Satyrs,who

of these

the

Satyr holdingup
about

to lower

the

Satyr,on
pressingdown one

are

acts

as

toes

the
end

to

on

The

it contains.

grapes

forward,restingthe

Behind

with

of his

are
right,
of a long

the rock.

lever under

Satyrs,inclininghis body againstanother

both

rock, presses
which

the

other end of which

pole,the
One

the left leans

the rock.

they seem

to crush

Satyr on
right foot
more

stands

rock

hands

the

on

middle

fulcrum.

of the lever, to
The

other

Satyr
grasps with both hands the end of the lever,hanging on
to it in a nearlyhorizontal position
so as to add the weight
of his body to the strain. Behind the Satyr on the left of
the wine-press
is another,who is carryingon his back a skin
full of grapes
foot raised as

serves

as

to be crushed.

climbs

he

stoops forward, his left

He

over

His

rock.

advanced, holdinga club with which

right hand

is

he supports himself

as

left hand grasps the end of the askos which

holds the grapes, and which appears to be made of panther's

he climbs.

His

hide,as the

skin of the

of the

leg which

the mouth
passes across
in front of his left upper arm,

Satyr,hanging down

terminates

that of

figurehas shaggy hair, like

This

in claws.

goat,on his thighs.

Behind

him

Satyrs,nearlyall of which is modern.

is seated on a rock holding a basket
figures

two

of grapes.
him, who
which

he

looks

He

holds up
is about

hand he holds

up
in

to

bunch

at

Satyr standingin

his left hand

drop

into

and

arm

down

bunch

the basket

front of

of grapes
in his right

of grapes
at his side. He stands
the right foot advanced.
Of the

rocky ground,with
seated figure,the onlyantique part

on

group of
One of these
a

full of grapes
his feet is another basket

his knees; between

between

is

to the elbow.

onlyantiqueparts are the

to the waist, right upper

Of

is the

left shoulder

the
standingfigure,
head, rightshoulder, and body
arm,

the

and

the

back

of

the

56

The

rightthigh.

have
figuresin this composition

other

figurecarryingthe
skin on his back is nearlyperfect.His right wrist is
broken away ; the rightleg from below the knee, the left
and mouth
restored.
foot to the instep,and the nose
are
all

been

The
his

more

figurein

The

less restored.

or

front of

him, who

hands,is patchedabout the

raisingthe rock with

head,body,rightthigh,and
is

leg,and feet,and it has lost the rightknee. Of the figure

oppositeto him, whose left hand is on the rock, the only
antique parts are the left leg and thigh, and the left
the lever at its
shoulder.
Of the figurewho presses down
except the left shoulder, both

centre, all is restoration

thighs,the

left

and

hand,

wrist,the left hand

legabove the ankle

patched; under the
with

hands, is

their

The

of

birds and

is

wanting.

left upper

His

the hrater is encircled

are

figures
; from

each

life. On

right of

is

arm

outside

stone

by

of grapes on which
this entire border is a

but

branches

festoon

right

bunches

feeding;

are

restoration;below

of his

restored,and part

with
vine-branches,
insects

of the

who
are
pushing the
group
lizard at the foot of the rock.

lip of

recurved

border

are

righthand and
figurehanging on

The

feet.

fore-arm

and

to the end of the lever

the

in

hangs

an

the

festoon between
attribute of

Satyric

pushing the stone with

their hands, the objectsuspended is a pair of tragic
masks; next on the right a Pan's pipe and two flutes;
next a crook,pedum, and a flute ; next a pairof cymbals,
tions
hanging from a double strap all these are modern restorathe

the

group

"

; next

only a

small

of which

is

this

are

vase

The

is

lower

body

of

basket with

portionis antique; next

The
a Gorgon'smask.
restored incorrectly.
on
a

three ornamental

nude

of which
cista,

cover,

is

vase,

handle

part of this hrater,which

restored,rests
the

round

on

and

the side

spout of

has been

much

supports,composed of

Seilenos,issuingat the hips out

of

57

curlingfoliage
; below
lions'

in

the supports terminate

foliage
base similar to
a
on
triangular

this

feet, which

rest
;

that

of

candelabrum

bust

of

Satyrprojectingfrom
is the

shoulders

the

each of the Seileni is the

between

skin

of

side of the

the

animal

some

vase

; on

the lions' feet

Satyricbusts are much restored. The central support

The
of the vase
is a pillarin the form of a palm stem.
with
festoons,suspended
triangularbase is ornamented
from
bulls' heads.
Of these ornaments, little is antique
and

except
The

of the bulls' heads.

two

similar

that

to

on

Naples (seeWelcker,

Zeitschrift fur Geschichte

I. pp. 523-535, PI. V.

is.

Mus.

No.

II. PL XI.

Borbon.

The

475).

d.

vase

a.

very
at

Kunst,

Wieseler,

here described

XIII.
engraved by Piranesi,Vasi, Candelabri, "fcc.,

publishesit

pll.55-57, who
the

PI. XL.

Denkmaler,

compositionon this hrater is

putealin the National Museum

the

subjectof

property of

in Hadrian's

notice

Mr.

J.

many

then

He

England,and

in

states that it was

Boyd, and

villa at Tivoli.

the

as

does

restorations.

not

in his

Though

as

found

tion
descrip-

it is

not

improbablethat the originalform of this vase may have

been
preservedin these restorations,it is also possible
of fragments of a puteal,
that it may
have been made
a
and
large krater,
found

candelabrum,which

may

have

been

all

in the Villa of Hadrian.

In the recess,

BOOM.

GK.EC0-BOMAN

SECOND
on

the North

side

"

This statue represents a young

(135.)Discobolus."
and is believed to
athlete in the act of throwingthe discus,

58
be

copy of

figureexecuted by Myron,

celebrated bronze

the

contemporary of Phidias,which has been described by

Lucian, Quintilian,and other ancient writers.
Several

other

Myron, are

in
replicas

Of

extant.

Palace at Rome,

of the

marble

Discobolus

of

best is that in the Massimi

these,the

the head of which

lookingback towards
scription
the disk, thus correspondingexactlywith Lucian's deof the original.
In the Museum
is a small bronze figure
at Munich
the same
in which
the head has the
representing
subject,
backward

same

described

direction.

is

head

The

of the

figurehere

to be

but is joinedon at the base

antique,
of the neck, a pieceof marble being inserted between
the
neck
and the torso on
side of the joint. There is
one
certain evidence that this head ever
no
belonged to the
body to which it is at presentattached ; and, in the absence
of any proof to the contrary, we
that the
assume
may
backward
originalhead of this figure had the same
direction

seems

Discobolus,the bronze at
Munich, and the figuredescribed by Lucian.
bronze Discobolus,by Myron, from which,
The original
it is believed,the copies now
extant
as
were
derived,
as

that of the Massimi

still at Athens

was

described

in the time of Lucian, who

the action

praisedby Quintilian on
the artist has carried out
The

of

the

acoount

figure. It

rately
accu-

is much

of the skill with

and

bold

has

which

difficult conception.

the athlete is
represented is that when
gatheringtogetherthe whole force of his body to give the
moment

possiblemomentum

utmost
arm

to

hence

gain a

firmer

toes

of the

fulcrum.

of transition from

mode
with

the

consummate

The
of the

left hand

chin, have

to

one

the

forward

rightfoot

In

swing

clutch

the

of his

ground

the whole

action to

compositionthe
another is suggested

skill.
is restored.
been

The

repaired.

nose, both

and part
lips,

59

Ht.

Found, in 1791, in Hadrian's Villa,near Tivoli.

I. pi.29.
Mus.
Ellis,
Marbles, XL, pi.44. Spec.Ant. Sculpt.,
T. G.,I.,
Clarac,pi.860, fig.2,194b. See also Welcker,
p. 241.
Alte Denkmaler, I.,pp. 417-29, where
all the extant
copiesof
this figureare
enumerated.
Michaelis,Arch. Zeit.,1862, p.
T.
337 *. Caldesi,
No. 16.
Harrison,No. 818.

ft. 8

in.

In the

oppositerecess is :
of Venus
A statue
Venus,
Towneley
(136.) The
round
naked to the waist, zpeplos,
or mantle, beingwound
the lower half of her body. As the left arm
is modern, it
"

"

is uncertain

diadem, or

whether
a

the

left hand

held

up

mirror,

small flask,alaba"tos,
containingunguent.

The

composed :
figureis well modelled, and gracefully
the generalproportions
are
harmonious, though the neck
posed,
is, perhaps,rather long. The drapery,though well dispossiblybe

may

with

age.
within

and
Ht.

more

parts of the drapery are

the plinth,
which
in.,including

"

receive

those of Venus

have

is

Bust, largerthan^lifeThe

Dione, the mother

the ground that
on
and

restored.

4$ in. high. Found

in the ruins of the Marine
at
Baths
of the Emperor Claudius
Ant.
in
Mus.
I.,
Ostia, 1776.
Sculpt.,
Marbles,I. pi. 8. Spec.
41.
T.
I.
169.
1,302. Caldesi,
pi.
Clarac,pi.595,fig.
Ellis, G., p.
No. 39.
No.
T.
817.
Harrison,

6 ft. ll"

(137.)Female
been piercedto

to

though
period,

of the Macedonian

work

statue

be referred to the Augustan

probability,
It is made of two piecesof marble, skilfully
joined
the drapery. The left arm, right forearm, tip of

it may,

nose,

This

in execution.

conventional

is rather

daughter.

earrings.This

of Venus

but,as

the features
as

might

The

type

traced

of Dione

been

called

bust has been

it would

suggest such

be

have

ears

seem,

resemblance

between

does

only

mother

not

appear
of ancient art.

recognizedin any other work

be presumed that this head representsa goddess;

may
its attribution

has not

of the marble

has suffered from

yet been ascertained.

exposure

to

The

to

It
but

surface

weather

and

60
bad

it has
but, notwithstandingthe injuries

usage;

this head
of

is

the Grreco-Boman

sculpturein

represented is
Praxiteles.

executed,
Greek
seen

of the most

one

The

hair at the back

is often the

as

school, when
from behind.

statues

The

from

type

works

period of
is carelessly

of the

later

placed as not to be
bust,and tipof the nose are

were

ears,

The

the

of the head

in the

case

specimens

Gallery,

derived

probably

beautiful

ceived,
re-

so

restored.
Ht.

1 ft. 9j in.

pi.42.

Mus.

T.
Ellis,

Marbles,III.,pi. 13.
G., I. p. 314.

Spec.Ant.

Sculpt.,I.,

T.

for
of Apollo. This head is remarkable
(138.)Head
the earnest
pathos of expression,and for its feminine
character. It probably belonged to a statue of Apollo
Musegetes,or leader of the Muses, under which type he is
usuallyrepresentedplayingon the lyre,and attired,like
a Muse, in a long flowingchiton.
If we
sought to
suppose that in this head the sculptor
represent the features of the god while under the influence
of strongmusical emotion, and inspired
by his theme, the
to be particularly
expressionchosen would seem
priate.
approThe turn of the head may be compared with that of
and De Witte
the Apolloon a vase
engravedby Lenormant
(Monumens Ceramographiques,II.,pi. 65),in which the
god is representedplayingon the lyre,in his contest with
"

Marsyas.

In the head

here described,the hair is treated

singularboldness, and the lines of the composition

generallyhave a certain sharpnessand abruptnesswhich
seem
hardlysuitable to sculpturein marble.
executed
If we suppose this head to have been originally
of treatment
would
in bronze, these peculiarities
be
celebrated statue ofr
accounted
for. Scopas executed
a
Apollo Musegetes, which may have been the prototype
with

from

which

this head

is derived.

61

have

We

it

which
the

no

of the

marble

pieceof
Ht.

in the

the neck

1 ft.

in.

5f

Rome,

at

belong.

hair

are

lips,the

lobes

are

restored.

This

head

where

it

traces

it

It afterwards

d.

Harrison,No.

material

is

The

of red colour.

of the ears, and

purchased at the sale of that

II.,pi. 42.
Panofka,
Giustiniana,
17.

sculpture

small

formerlyin the Giustiniani Collection

adjustedto a body to which it did not
and
passed into the Pourtales Collection,

was

Wieseler, Denkm'aler

presents

was

was

No.

earlier than

subsequentperiods. The

or

part of the

nose,

school to

or

characteristics of the Graeco-Eoman

Augustan

Parian

the age

to

assigned. It is probablynot
Lysippns. On the other hand,

of

of the

none

as

be

can

time

evidence

sure

a.

Galeria

Cabinet

in

Cabinet

Pourtales,pi. 14.

Kunst, pi. XI.,

1865.

No.

123,

Caldesi,

826.

Male
Head, inclined to the right,
(139.)A Bearded
and lookingup with
an
expressionof anguish. The hair
is disposedin bold rough masses, the beard very short and
is broad
and
The treatment
close.
masterly, and the
for a subdued
is remarkable
countenance
intensityof
the character
and expression
pathos rare in ancient art. From
of this head, it has been generallythought to
which could hardlyhave
have belongedto an heroic figure
Hence
it has been
been
isolated statue.
an
suggested,
that it may
have been a fragmentof a group of Menelaus
supportingthe dead body of Patroclus ; but in the extant
examples of that group, the head of the Menelaus is helmeted, and the beard is more
ample. Moreover, the
expressiondoes not seem suitable to such a subject.
On

the

other

hand, this head

characteristics which

period

of

likeness to

and
sculpture,
a

head

Macedon, which
member

we

of the

on

to

seems

associate with

family in

the

to

of

striking
PhilipV. of
a

represent that king

the character

those

Macedonian

the features present

the silver tetradrachms

appears

possess

or

some

of the hero Perseus.

62

head

This

similar
is

Hamilton, in 1771,
A

it,

in the Vatican.

now

The

small

tuft of hair

nose,

the left ear,

bust

Gavin

Mr.

by

part of Hadrian's Villa called the Pantanella.

head, but of inferior execution,was found near

in the

and

found

was

portionof each lip,part

the

on

of the lobe of

top of the head, and the

restored.

are

Ht. 1 ft. 9" in.

Mus.

Caldesi,No.

Harrison,No.

38.

of Youthful

(140.)Bust

Ellis,T. G., II.,p.

Marbles, II.,pi. 23.

17.

T.

828.

This
[Dionysos]."
Apollo,but is more

Bacchus

to be an
thought by Combe
type the broad diadem
probably Bacchus, with whose
round the head, the thick flowing locks,and the feminine

head

was

voluptuouscharacter

and

of the

countenance

are

in

more

accordance.
This

in
is sculptured

head

of the marble
the curl

on

generallyis

the side of the

forehead, and the bust

are

bust,10"

in.

Ht., without

Spec.Ant.

p. 322.

largefree style; the

in

fine condition.

surface

The

nose,

cheek, part of the hair above the

restored.
Mus.

Marbles, XL, pi.5.

T.
I.,pi.23.
Sculpt.,

T. G., I.,
Ellis,

This relief repre(140a.)Bacchfe Chimairophonos.

sents
Maenad
Bacchante
or
a
moving swiftlyto the left.
her head a knife,in her
In her righthand she holds over
left the hindquartersof a kid.
Her hair is drawn
back
"

under

coif; she

wears

talaric

reaching to just below

diploidion
breast and

held
bare.

in

side

composition of

rapid
under

the

influence

of

characteristic of those
tore

kids

the

This

movement.

and

the

behind
folds

girdle.
end

her.
of her

Her

Her

feet

rites in which
to

left
is
are

cates
drapery indiMaenad

orgiasticfrenzy,which
animals

is

of which

figurerepresents a

Dionysiac
other

the

mantle, one

right hand, floats

her

The

naked.

are

which

chiton,over

was

the Bacchantes

pieces. The left

63

foot,togetherwith part of the pephs,and part of the kid,

the base

panel in

relief has been

This

restorations.

are

of

probablyinserted

candelabrum.

We

subject,and thus appliedin Mus. Marbles,

Ht.

1 ft. 5 in.

Marbles, X., pi. 35.

Mus.

Friederichs,Bausteine, p. 372, No.

in

find the
I.

same

pi.5.

Ellis,T. G.,

639.

as

II. p.

similar

very

103.
relief

pi.106.
Zoega, Bassi-Rilievi,
from

(140b.)Fragment
Vase, on which
standing by the

is

lyre,and

may

who

group

side

of

of

Body

the

Marble

in relief

representingDionysos
figure,who playson the

female

either

be

Muse

or

Bacchante.

Dionysos stands on the left; his left hand rests on the

right shoulder of the female figure; his head, nearlyall
his

and

right arm,

his

wanting. A mantle
hips ; one hand passes
are

shoulder;

at

which
thyrsus,
a
figurewears

his

rightfoot

round

is cast
round

right side

and

from
is

leg below
his body

his back
small

below

over

right hand.

talaric

which

The

is a mantle

the

his left

fragment

he has held in his

over
chiton,

the ankle

of the

female

passing

body from the left shoulder to the righthip.

the strings
She holds the lyrewith her left hand, striking
Her
with
head turns
the plectrumin her right hand.
towards
round
Dionysos,with an action very similar to
The vase, of which
No. 138.
that of the Apollo Pourtales,
is a fragment,was
this group
probably encircled with a
composition similar to that on a hrater in the Louvre,
which was
formerlyin the Borghesi Collection. (Clarac,
II. pi. 131, No. 143 ; Wieseler, Denkmaler, pi. 48, No.
in which
601.) This hrater representsa Bacchic thiasos,
the left of the female figurewith the lyre is a Satyr,
on
the fragment here described a piece
with a fawn skin ; on
of the tail of the fawn skin remains
the edge of the
on
marble to the left of the female figure.
round

the

Ht. l ft. 2 in.

"

64

GE^3C0-E0MAN

THIED
the

On

Gresco

the Second

righthand, on enteringfrom

Eoom

Eoman

BOOM.

"

of Hercules
[Herakles]
; this
(141.)Colossal Head
probablybelongedto a figure similar in pose and type to
in
the celebrated Farnese statue by Glykon, which is now
which
at Naples,and
the Museum
represents Hercules
restingafter carryingoff the apples of the Hesperides.
On comparingthis head, however, with that of the Farnese

statue, it will be
face, as Mr. Combe
cheeks

and

The
copy.
remarks,is broader, the muscles of the

forehead

convex,

more

the whole

and

distinct masses,

more

it is not

that

seen

style. The

and

bolder

and

lacerated condition,which

ears

exact

an

the

hair and

head executed

representedin

are

beard

the ancients

in
a

in

freer

swollen

noticed

as

the

characteristic of those athletes who

engaged in boxing and

This
rived
the pankratiwi.
probably detype of Hercules was
of
from a work of Lysippus. {See Helbig, Annali
Inst. Arch. Eom., XL., p. 336.) This head is in very fine
condition ; the nose, the right ear, a piece of the right
cheek, and the bust, are
Ht.,includingbust,2
lava

at

William
p. 331.

restored.

ft. 5} in.

This

fine head

was

found

under

the

Vesuvius, and was

presentedby Sir
Mus.
Hamilton.
Marbles, 1.,pi.11. Ellis,T. G., I.,
Miiller,Denkmaler, pi. 38, No. 153.
Caldesi,No. 18,

the

foot of Mount

Harrison, No.

825.

He is seated on a rock
Reposing.
(142.)Hercules
partlycovered with the lion's skin ; he is bearded, and the
Bestorations :
forms indicate the full maturityof manhood.
"

both

arms,

Ht.

club,knees, great toe of left foot,nose.

ft. 8

p. 230.

in.

Mus.

Marbles,X., pi. 41, fig.3.

Harrison,No.

839.

T.

T. G., I.,
Ellis,

65

(143.)Cupid [Eros]Sleeping,with the

Hercules.
A winged boy reclines asleepon
"

is a

in front of him
in

club,and behind

him

lizards

Two

the

crawling on

are

in the

several similar statues

lion's skin

bow

bow-case, gorytos,all three attributes

attributes of

and

of

arrows

Hercules.

lion's skin.

There

are

SculptureGalleries of Europe

(See Clarac, pi. 643, figg.1,457, 1,458, 1,459.) Eestorations,nose, both feet,upper partof rightwing and part of
left hand.

Length

ft. 6 in.

obtained

and

Rome,

in

Found

vineyard near

Cardinal Albani

from

(144.)Relief.

Hercules

"

Mr.

by
T. G.,I.,p. 253.
Ellis,

Marbles,XL, pi.37.

Mus.

Flaminian

the

Lyde

Gate,
Brown.

T.

seizingthe Keryneian stag by

antlers,while he forces it down

the

by the pressure of his

small curls,
is in crisp,
and

hair of Hercules

left knee.

The

his beard

stiff and

pointed.

This

of the hair

treatment

make
beard, and the generalstyleof the sculpture,

and

probablethat
which
such

has
a

in this relief we

been

have

retouched
partially

imitation
pseudo-archaic

the time of Hadrian.

Botticher

as

either

an

archaic work

in modern
would

be

it

times,or
executed

in

d. Abgiisse)
(Verzeichniss

to
opinion,Friederichs (Bausteine)
the latter. The
subjeotof Hercules and the Keryneian
suitable compositionfor metopes,
a very
stag,which was
in Greek and Boman
Annali
art {see
not unfrequently
occurs
sometimes
of Inst. Arch,,Bom., XVI., pp. 175-186),
singly,

inclines to the former

sometimes

in combination

Bestorations

with

part of rightand

left

thighs.

Mus.

T. G.,
Marbles,II.,pi.7. Ellis,
No.
49.
Mnller, Denkm"ler, pi. xiv.,
II.,p. 98.
Botticher,
No.
686.
T.
Friederichs,
Verzeichniss,
Bausteine,
p. 397,
p. 30.

Ht. 1 ft. 11}.

Length 11| in.

other labours of Hercules.

Bow.
Several
a
(145.)Cupid [Eros] Bending
to be found in the Sculpture
of this subject
are
repetitions
from below
Galleriesof Europe. Eestorations : neck, arms
"

66

shoulders,left leg
and
bow, quiver,
have

but must

at side ; the

support

belonged to

Ht., including
base,4

smaller

ft. 3J in.

by

Right Honourable

at

the

sale of his marbles.

T.

G.,I.,p.

250.

whence
figure,
some

of Eros

ancient,

are

from

obtained

Rome

purchasedin 1812,
Ellis,

19.

Bow."
which

His

left

is thrown

leg
the

of this
repetitions
cations
it may
they are all modificelebrated Greek original.It was
formerly

lion's skin of Hercules.

statue

thigh,

Marbles,XL, pi. 36.

(146.)Cupid [Eros]Bending a
and thighrest againsthis quiver,over

thought that

was

Burke, and

Mus.

Oaldesi,No.

wings

of

statue.

This statue

Edmund

the

of

to middle

knee, rightleg

to

these

exist many
be inferred that
There

of the celebrated
allcopies

were
replicas

which
by Praxiteles,

dedicated at

was

Thespise

by Phryne. Visconti,and Braun (Euinen u. Museen, pp.

136 and 276),subsequently suggestedthat the prototype
of these copieswas
the bronze
Eros of Lysippus,also at
Thespiae.There are, however, no real grounds for either
assumption. See Friederichs (Amor mit dem Bogen des
Herkules, Berlin, 1867,
suggests that the bow

and

Bausteine, p. 349), who

which

Cupid is stringingin these

examples, being disproportionately
large,is not his own

bow, but that of Hercules

a

much

The

later

The

conceit which

would

indicate

this type than the age of Lysippus.

that of Friederichs is maintained
by

originfor

contrary view

Dr. Schwabe

"

to

II. p. 1Q5, and ibid. IV. p. 470).

of the hair is also characteristic of a late

(Phil.Anz.

arrangement

unknown
periodof art,if not,indeed,entirely

to the earlier

schools.
This

statuette

was

found

by Gavin Hamilton, in 1776, at

Castello di Guido, the

ancient

Pius

is situated

which

died, and

Vecchia, about

wings

were

eight

found

miles

enclosed

Lorium, where

from
in

on

the road

Home.
an

The

Antoninus
to Oivita

body

amphora,on

and

which

67
the surface of these

account

The

broken

wings were

partsis in very fine condition.

at the shoulders,
and the feet,

off

quiver, and

pedestal were
distance from the body.
Ht. 1 ft. 9* in.

whose
a

Villa it

the

holes for the insertion

left

hand, which

behind

him

Castor,

is raised

follows

by

if to

as

This

ture
sculp-

Hadrian, in
diadem

With

his

metal

rein,now

and

righthand
lost,

still remain.

In his

strike,he holds

possibleattribution,but

of which

hound.

207.

relief of the

in the time of

youth wears

horse's head

holding the

This

styleof

hie shoulders.

ehlamysflyingfrom

he is

The

found.

was

Ellis,T. G., I.,p.

Horse."

of the fiat

period,
probablyexecuted

archaic

short

restorations.

Holding

Youth

imitation

an

earth at

T.

Harrison,No. 824.

seems

No

Marbles,'
X. pi.21.

Mns.

(147.)Relief:

the

lying in

stick

figurehas been called

unsupported by any

direct evidence.
Ht.

ft. 4

Gavin

Length

in.

pi. 14,
Calded,

No.

Pheidiac

Overbed*

26.
be

period.

figureof

right hand

is thrown

up

the

drawn

he

wears

monument
sepulchral

of the

on

Mount

youth lying asleepon

his

behind

petasus,and

his left

by

T.
Ellis,

earlypart of

the

X.

-calf;he reolines
over

Villa

G.,
Miiller,Denkmiiler,
zu
Bonn, No. 173.
(Griech.Plastik,I.,p. 393) thinks

Sleeping

(148.)Endymion
recumbent

in Hadrian's

Found

Sculpt.I.,pi.14.
Kektite,Kunst-Museum

50.

No.

in.

Mus. Marbles,II.,pi.6.

Spec.Ant.

that this may

51

Hamilton, in 1769.

II.,p. 101.

chin

2 ft.

on

thigh.

Latmus."
rock

head, his left raised

his

to his

buskins

reachinghalf way
ehlamys,the edge of which is
This

figurehas

been

called

Mercury on account of the petosus,and also Adonis ; but

the sleep,the high boots, the attitude of the right arm,
of the type with
other
and the generalcorrespondence
of Endymion in ancient art, and with the
representations
in Lucian
(Dial.Deor.,XI., 2),are sufficient
description
v

68

tions
grounds for the presentattribution. For other representaof Endymion, see 0. Jahn, Archaol. Beitrage,
Berlin,
in the round
1847, p. 51, " 9. He only cites one sculpture
of Endymion, that engraved,Guattani, M. L, 1784, p. vi.,
the figurehere described.
pi. 2, and does not mention
The light arm, both feet,tip of the nose, and the forefinger
of the left hand
ft.

Length,4

restored.

are

Found

by

Gavin.

Hamilton, in 1776, at Roma Vecchia.

See also Dallaway, Anecdotes, p.

pi. 43.

Marbles, XL,
T. G.,I.,
Ellis,
p.

Mus.
303.

Philol. Soc.

Smith's Diet, of Antiquities,

s.

in

and

Yates,in

247.

where

pi.881, fig.2247c,

this

"

v.

Trans.,I.,p. 8.,
Endymion."
Clarac,

figureis wrongly

classed among

T%

fishermen.

This bust was

Bust.
called
(149.)Iconic Female
Clytieby Mr. Towneley, because it rests on the calyx of
which
he supposedto be the sunflower into which
a flower,
changed. There is,however, no valid ground
Clytiewas
"

for such

attribution.

an

Macedonian
of

flower

the Greek

of the

fictilevases

female heads
issuingfrom the calyx
period,
(See the instances in the
frequentlyoccur.
in

Vases

Catalogue of
"

On

the

Museum,

under

head

the

General

Index.) The originalmotive of

is probablyfunereal,
such combinations
in Stackelberg
as
(Graber d. Hellenen, p. 44) is engraved the upper part of
Female

"

an

in

Athenian

in which
stele,

veiled female

of the floral decoration

risingout

of this class of monument

usual ornament
other

examples,Fervanoglu,Die

bust

which

is represented
forms

in Attica.

Grabsteine

the

{See

d. alten Grie-

chen, p. 28; Visconti, Mus. P. C, VI., p. 215, pi.xlvii.,

and the bust of Marcus Aurelius, Smith and Porcher, Hist.
Disc.

Cyrene,pL 70.)

The
Boman

which,

bust here described

lady of
as

we

the

is

Augustan

evidentlythe portraitof

learn from Horace,

characteristic of

The

age.
was

beautiful face.

then
The

forehead

is

low,

thoughta special

arrangement of the

69

hair, waved

the back of the head,

front,and falling
over
likeness to Antonia, the mother
of Germanicus,
in

suggests a
but it is, perhaps,intended

for

Agrippina,the

wife

of

Claudius.
The

type is

refined, and

more

highly wrought, than is usual

seems
quite in harmony with
Augustan

The

age.
if the bust had

This

bust

copiedfrom

years, doubts

but

This

sufficient

no

bust

restored
Ht.

on

is in the

seated in

as

chair.

Mr.

Towneley, who
Laurenzano, at Naples.
thrown
on. its genuineness,

by

been

have

the

little forward,

statue

Prince

from

but
portraits,

general spiritof

greatly esteemed

was

purchased it,in 1772,

In recent

the

expressionmore

Eoman

in

is thrown

bosom

been

the

grounds.
finest

condition, tne

only parts

of the leaves of the flower.

being two

Hiibner,Archaol. Zeitung, 1867, pp. 55* and

58*.
Ellis,T. G., II.,p. 20.
Friederichs,Bauateine, p. 505.
Harrison,No. 843.
Vaux, Handbook, p. 192.
Caldesi,No. 40.

1 ft.

10"

See

in.

T.

(150.)Head

Amazon.

an

The

"

inclination

forward

head, the expression of pain in the countenance,

the character
of the hair, which is wiry in texture,

the

of
and
and

drawn

back

of these

One
other

in the

Ueber

die

there

For

Vatican.

other

statue

several

are

CapitolineMuseum

of

replicas.

Eome, the

at

instances,see

0. Jahn,

d. k. sachs.

end of nose,

throat,bust.

Eestorations

1850.

Mus..

(151.) Heroic

Formerly in
Marbles,X., pi.5. T.

(of ancient portion)10 J

broken

having belonged to

of which

is in the

Brown.

been

as

us

Amazonen-Statuen, in the Berichte

Ges. d. Wiss.
Ht.

head

Amazon,

wounded

lines,enable

strongly-marked
wavy

in

recognizethis

to
a

of

Bust.

off from

characteristic of Greek

"

in.

This

the

head, which

collection

has

of

Lyde

probably'

statue, presents the type of features

heroes

as

they are

represented
by

70

period,but there is no
sculptorsof the Macedonian
hero.
it with any particular
Stark
evidence
to identify
(Niobe,p. 244) thinks that it representsone of the family
the

of Niobe.

The

is very

countenance

beautiful, and

hand.

sculptureis probably by a Greek

found at Ostia,and passed from

This

the

head

was

possessionof Mr.
it was
Rogers, by whom
Fagan to that of Mr. Samuel
it
greatlyesteemed, and at the sale of whose antiquities
Restorations
was
(by Flaxpurchasedfor the Museum.
man) : nose and bust.
Ht.

(of ancient

portion)11$

the

Sculpt.,II.,pi. 18.

Spec. Ant.

in.

zu
Eekule*,Kunst-museum
Bonn, 1872, p. 70, No. 267.
Stark,
Archaol.
244.
Gerhard,
Niobe, p.
Zeitung, 1856, p: 248*.

Harrison, No.

829.

(152.)Statuette
"-She

wears

sleeves
the

which
is

the waist

girt at
half

lower

of her

she is seated

and

upper

body,

; on

and

falls

breast, left

the

from

arm

studs

the

over

the

on

round
rock

This

sandals.

are

Lyre.

is thrown

mantle

her feet

the

on

with

; a

Restorations

probablyErato.

shoulder

Playing

Muse

"

talaric chiton fastened

and

of

on

figure

head, rightarm

with

little above

elbow,

feet,knees, rock, and parts of drapery.

part of lyre,

Ht. 2 ft.

lfrin.

Mus.

Harrison,No.

(153.)Relief:

840.

Marbles,X., pi. 22.

Ellis,T. G., I.,p.

231.

T.

Two

Youths

on

their hair

is short

and

Horseback, probably
the Dioscuri, though the conical cap, pileus,by which
chitons
they are distinguishedis wanting. They wear
reachinghalf way down the thigh,and girt at the waist,
the left shoulder.
and chlamydeshanging from
They are
beardless

the bridles have

visible

the marble.

on

like those
manes.

been

on

The

with

bound

paintedin red, which

The

horses

the frieze of the

of
simplicity

are

small

diadem

is still faintly
and

compact,

Parthenon, and have hogged

the treatment

in the

sculpture.

71

generalcharacter

the

and

both

of the

types, indicate that this relief is derived

the best

of
original
Ht.

1 ft.

5"

Hamilton.

(154.) Youthful
feminine

almost
the

of

head

attained

in their

characteristics
of the
Ht.

11

No.

Mus.

in.

she

35.

of
with

talaric

half way

to the

in

back

to pass

as

the chiton
a

hand

the

left

be
the

doubted,

body

can

no

be fixed.

The

Rome.

Caldesi,

near

the

shoulders

the

may

arm,

is crossed
the

under

the

girdle
on

her

arms

beneath

form

;
;

half of the

the

and

seen.

object held

of the restoration

placewhere

still be

and

her

body,falling
her feet are sandals : in her right
usual attribute,the pedum or shepherds

the correctness
as

studs

bosom, and

the lower

her

This

with

body, showing

; on

holds

but

the

round

arm

crook.

modern,

This

crispcurls.

Found

fastened

the

over

clingsto

Thalia

hardly

Thalia, the Muse of Comedy : her

the neck ;
down
ivy ; the hair falling
with sleeves extending about
chiton,

front,below

peplosis wound

over

its attribution

elbow,and

is knotted
so

been

T.

is crowned
wears

character

statue, presents

Marbles, XI.,pi.10.

(155.) Statue
head

are

is restored.

nose

to

111.

features

has

short

Williain

II.,p.

the whole

manhood

belonged

Sir

G.

The

delicacyand

which

by

Greek

some

from

T.
Ellis,

11.

arranged in

hare

must

Purchased

Head."

that

indicates

head, which
end

Heroic

the hair is

from

period.

Length 1 ft. 9J in.

Mus. Marbles,II.,
pL

in.

of their

and

horses

The

the

pedum

in
can

rested

drapery of

this

it, are

hardly

against
figureis

richlycomposed. Found by Mr. Gavin Hamilton, at Ostia,

within a few yards of the spot where the Towneley Venus
discovered.
was
{Seeante,No. 136.)
6
Ht., includingplinth,

III.,
pi.5.
No.

834.

ft. J in ; ht. of

T.
Ellis,
T.

G.,L,

p. 197.

3 in.
plinth,
Caldesi,No.

Mus.
37.

Marbles,
Harrison,

72

of

(156.)Head
likeness
of

heads
into

that

to

was

here inserted.

and

tipof
Ht.

is drawn

small channel

makes

knot

the

hair
A

behind.

base of the

head

has that

it

hack

and

in

gathered

in the marble

probable that

family

is usual

Apollo Musegetes which

The

Mnses.

knot

of

This

Muse."

at the

fillet of metal

Restorations,bust, lower

part of neck,

nose.

(ofancient portion)12J in. Brought from Rome by Lyde Brown.

See-Stark,Niobe, p. 270, who identifies
Mus. Marbles,X., pi.3.
the type of face with that of the daughtersof Niobe.
Caldesi,
No.

25.

Harrison,No.

(157.)Relief:

23.

T.

off

Carrying

Centaur

Female

claspsronnd the waist with both hands,

lookingback to the right; the equineportionof his body
skin is knotted round his neck.
is rearingtip ; a panther's
which
leaves
The female figureis clad in a talaric chiton,
skin are
the left breast bare ; her drapery and the panther's
of the
flyingin the air to indicate the rapid movement
is a tree,
On the extreme
Centaur.
right of the scene
This
beyond which is seen a vase on an Ionic column.
and others Nessus and Deianira,
group is called by Combe
whom

Figure,

is

there

but

he

nothing

to

were

so

Centaurs, who

carryingoff Greek women.

of this relief
The subject

to the

of the

which
to

in

the

and

strong

trast
con-

metopes,the

architectural frame

an

flowing

and

groups

of

subordinate

architectonic laws.
This

of Greek
a

set

are

the

composition exhibit

of
simplicity

severe

of the

is very similar to that of several

Parthenon, but

metopes of the

lines
picturesque

one

frequentlyrepresentedby the
school, attacked by Lapiths while

artists of the Athenian

of the

that it is not

show

copy

if
relief,

not

art, which
of

some

work

an

work
original
at

dramatic

of that

school.

aimed

of the

later school

is probably
effect,

The

action of the

73

pressed
(Bausteine,
p. 398),is exand spirited
The vase
in a very lively
on
manner.
the Ionio column
cality
particularloprobably indicates some
associated with the subject
; perhaps,as Friederichs
monument.
a sepulchral
was
suggests, the column
the
Eestorations (by Cavaceppi): of the female figure,

right arm
which

on

Ht.

tail of

part of the left ; the four legsand

and

Centaur

the

remarks

Friederichs

as

group,

the

lower

tree,and the ground

of the

part

he stands.
ft. 10

ft.

11}

Formerly in the Verospi

Mus.
at Rome.
Marbles, II.,pi. 15. Ellis,T. G., II.,
No.
113.
31.
Caldesi,
Cavaceppi,
Harrison,No. 862.
p.
Raccolta 6? antiche Statue,III.,
T.
29.
pi.
1

Length

in.

in.

Palace

(158.)Head
bead

of

is remarkable

for its
accords

tranquilharmony
of

Muse.

It is

masterpieceof

some

with

wreathed

Muse,

myrtle.

This
its

of treatment,
simplicity

and

well with

tion
concep-

ancient

skilful Eoman

probablya

Greek

the

The

art

lower

of

copy

part

of

nose

restored.
Ht.

10} in. Found hy Mr. Gavin Hamilton

Marbles,XL, pi.11. Caldesi,No. 22.

(159.)Apotheosis
a

mountain

is seated, with
may

the

be

his

eagle

and

row,

rest of the scene,

of

in front of

at

T.

In this relief is represented

"

summit

his

stages

side.
or

of which

The

rows

is Homer

enthroned, and

apotheosis.This ceremony
temple nearly concealed from

of

only are
capitals

visible.

identified,
as their
Homer

supported by

names

is seated
two

row

figures.In
the

from

takes
view

place

by

columns, of which

tain
cur-

the

in this row
be
can
figures
inscribed immediatelyunder

All the
are

on

of

below

receiving the

an

Jupiter

scene

apparently disconnected

stretched in front of

them.

the

side, on

divided into three

lowest

honours

of Homer.

Mus.

Frascati.

near

the left of the scene,

on

which
kneeling female figures,

throne
repre-

n
the

sent

"

Iliad

"

and

by side, XPONOZ
M ENH

"

holds

the habitable

In front of the Poet is

Carian

bull with

M Y0OZ

hand; OIKOY-

who
by a,modiu8,

kindled

Homer.

crowns

altar,beside which

hump ; on the left of ihe

geniusof Myth," representedas

the

"

roll in each

winged

Earth," a drapedfemale figure,

her

head veiled,and surmounted

stand,side

him

Time," representedby

"

figure,who

male

Behind

Odyssey."

"

stands
altar is

youth,
who acts here as the Gamillus of the sacrifice,
holdingthe
in his righthand, and the patera (restored)
in
prcefericulum
his

and
left,

libation.
incense
and

On

on

behind

round

turns

Homer,

towards

rightis I2TOPIA

the

the flames from

her

an

"

as

if to

offer

History,"
strewing

held in her left hand

acerra

IIOIHZIZ

"Poetry," holding up two

stand
the right,
lightedtorches ; behind these figures,
on
TPAmAIA
"Tragedy," and KI2MHAIA
Comedy,"
"

both

holdingup

their

inscribed "|"YZIX
group

of

APETH
"

"

of

Nature/' and

behind

them

is

child

the extreme

right a
four draped female figures,
severallyrepresenting
"Virtue," MNHMH
"Memory," nJZTIZ

Faith,"and ZO"MA
Between

right arms

this

scene

"

on

Wisdom."

and

the

top of the mountain

are

two

which clearlyrepresentthe nine Muses with

figures,
Apollo. In the row immediately above the sacrifice are, on
the left,
three Muses, then a cave, in which
stands Apollo
in female attire as Musegetes, to whom
female figure,
a
is offering
a libation ; at his
probablythe Delphicpriestess,
feet is the Delphic omphalos,
with
the bow and quiver of
the god laid on it
On the extreme
rightis the statue of a
with a tripod
Poet standingon a plinth,
behind him ; above,
the left,
is a rockyplatform,
which are two standing
on
on
is Melpomene,
and two seated Muses; on a highereminence
the Muse
of Tragedy, looking up at Jupiter,
her head
nearlyon the level of his shoulders ; and on the extreme
rows

75

right,Thalia,the

Comedy, running rapidlydown

which leads apparently
above
to the platform
a rocky stair,
the cave.
It has been generally
supposed that the rocky
terraces

which

on

Muse

of

the Muses

Parnassus, and in this

is

standingwould

The

be the

Muses

several

case

appear in this relief represent

the cave
within which Apollo

Coryciancave

that mountain.

on

be identified with

may

more

figurenearest Apollo,who leans

elbow, is generallyrecognized
as Polyhymnia ; next

certainty.The

the left,stands

on

figurewith

seated

Terpsichore,the
teacher
The
be

and

objectheld

her

on

to

her,

Urania, identified by her globe; the

the

Muse

source

less of

or

of

in the

lyre associated
of

with

Dancing,with

roll,though it may

of

be

whom

probably

Urania,

as

the

naturallybe grouped.

rhythm, would

righthand

her is

Terpsichore
appears to
rude representation
of

only a
platformabove,

the Muse
seated on
plectrum.On the
is probably
the left,
and holdingout tablets,as if reciting,
Clio,the Muse of History; the figurestandingby her,who
the inventress of
to be listening,
may be Calliope,
appears
the

heroic

and

verse

the protectressof oratory;

she holds in her left hand

in order,who

next

stands

appears

to be

lookingup

lyre,is probablyErato, and

at

the
The

roll.

object
Muse

ing
Jupiterand hold-

the seated

figurenext to
her, who also looks up towards Jupiter,
holdingup in her
right hand two flutes,
may be identified by this attribute
as
Euterpe. Behind her, and immediatelyover the cave,
the rock.
The two remainingMuses,
a lyreis thrown
on
Melpomene, standing nearest to Jupiter,and Thalia,
running rapidlydown the mountain, have already been
noticed.
The
scending,
rocky staircase by which Thalia is deis immediatelyabove
the right of
on
a
recess
the cave, in which is the statue of a poet holdingin his
a

right hand
The

head

roll.

of this last

in the costume

nor

in

figureis

and neither
restoration,

the action have

we

any

clue to the

76

represented.It

personage
as

the

poet

inventor
as

the

of

whose

tripodmay either be introduced

choragicvictorygained by the Poet

it is shown,

statue

it may

or

indicate

serve,

Delphi as

the

like the

locality.

representsthe dedicator of

statue

relief,a poet who, after gaininga choragicvictory,

made

this votive

offering. This

of consideration.
on

time, or

he

Hesiod,
Orpheus, as the

thought to

poetry. The

omphalosin the cave, to

Goethe thoughtthat this
the

in

to Homer

nearest

prize of

behind

has been

this relief,much

After

is

conjecturenot

all that has been

still remains

scenes,

which

but

it is not

the

sacrifice takes

whether,

as

might

of the Carian

certain

whether

place

as

the

which
from

the

is that

rather be inferred from

bull

written

unexplained.

generallyagreed that the lowest scene, in

the principalpersonage, is quite distinct

worthy
un-

It

Homer
the

is
is

upper

temple before
at Delphi, or

the introduction

sacrificial victim, and

from

the

Ionian

here
origin of the sculptorArchelaus, the locality
representedmay not be some
temple at Smyrna, one of
the cities which
claimed
to be the birthplaceof Homer.
On this assumption,
it has been suggestedthat the cave
in
which
Apollo stands is not the Corycian cave on Mount
Parnassus, but a cave
near
Smyrna, called the grotto of
Homer.
The
of the Muses, however, and the
presence
omphalos,make it far more
probablethat Parnassus is here
represented. It has been argued that,in the absence of

worshipped on the summit

any evidence that Jupiterwas
of Parnassus, it is more
probablethat he is here represented
enthroned

the
seem

The

Olympus;

but

the summit

of the

hardly be disconnected from the rest of

and
without
scene
doing violence to the composition,
action of Melpomene and of her companion would
that unity of place is here intended.
to indicate

mountain
the

on

can

rapid downward

notion

that

she is

of

movement

conveying

Thalia

message

suggests the

from

Jupiterin

77
reference

figurehas

never

relief,and

also

chiton,with

the

of

case

Euterpe

shoulder.

head;

The motive, however,

apotheosis.
been explained. All the Muses

the

to

the

Pythian priestess,wear
peplosvariouslydisposedover

her

tied in

the

from

girtat

back

from

Apollowears

foot.

the waist.

Of

her

the

The

face,and

the

talaric

it.

In

the

one

of her

the back
hair

the

of

hymnia
Poly-

tresses

are

of her sandal is detached

the heel

over

cothurni.

the

behind

knot

veil

wears

are

feet

is drawn

in this

Thalia, the chiton has slippedoff

and

Melpomene

on

of this

talaric

figuresin

chiton,with sleeves,

the

lower

scene,

which
talaric chiton,over
a
(Oikoumene) wears
and a peploshanging from the shoulders ;
diploidion,

the
is

Earth
a

modim

her

on

head is characteristic
talaric

of Chthonian

the

deities.

which
over
diploidion,
the pteryges of a peploshang down.
Tragoedia wears
her usual dress,a high mask, a talaric chiton girtat the
of the female
rest
waist, the peplos,and cothurni. The
figuresare attired like the Muses; their hair is gathered

Poesis

wears

chiton and

behind, except that of Poesis,of which

up into a knot
drawn
back and tied behind like those of
the tresses are

Polyhymnia. The hair of the child inscribed Physis,

the forehead like that of
is gatheredinto a topknot over
the breast. This
Cupid ; a belt or garment passes across
sketched in the marble, that the sex is
figureis so slightly
is feminine,the
of dispute. As the impersonation
matter
for Physis.
more
appropriate
figureof a girlwould seem
On

the other hand, the head-dress and

generaltype rather
a
suggest that a boy is here represented.Mythos wears
and shoulder bare, a
mantle, whioh leaves his right arm
of drapery usual in the representation
of those
disposition

figureswho
is clad in

engaged in

talaric

some

chiton,with

bodilyservice.
sleeves, over

Homer

which
"

is

Iliad
the
wears
figurerepresenting
talaric chiton,girt at the waist ; in her righthand she

mantle
a

are

the female

"

78

holds
the

sword

Iliad

"

"

in its
is

sheath, to indicate that the subject of

She

war.

kneels

clasps the leg

left hand

of the

the head

whom

Odyssey, of

and

her

on

right knee

throne

of Homer.

right arm

her

The

only are visible,

of a trireme,the symbol
or
figure-head
aplustre
the theme of the
of navigation,
as
Odyssey." In front of
the footstool of Homer
are
a
frog and a mouse, placed at
holds

out

an

**

machia,"

the

which
a

of

end

either

the rock

he is seated is

other

source

matter

of

The

The

of this

arguments
Tabula

label inscribed with

of

this relief

on

Iliaca and

have

had

to
as

temple at
been

at

of

the

Priene,

from

any

Bovillse

nearly all
the

incline

to

time of Tiberius.

opinionare

the

Bovillse,on

First, the
same

site

the

fragment of a tablet of
the Emperor Tiberius
is said by
a
pedantic love for mythological

these monuments
to his

conjecturedthat

Iliaca and

found

was

As

Suetonius

of this

in favour

similar character.

lore sueh

Immediatelybelow

Archelaus, and his date is,therefore,

writers

recent

the

Jupiterhas

conjecture.

fact that this work

as

to Homer.

belief that it is not earlier than

the

period,of

a citizen
Apollonius,
relief. Nothing is known

sculptorof this

the

Batracho-myo-

"

Alexandrian

his lower limbs.

over

Archelaus, son

of

name

probablyof the
authorshipwas ascribed
which

on

the

to

work

thrown

mantle

allusion

roll,an

he

record, and
ancestor

Jnlius

there dedicated

the relief here described.

as

he erected

Caesar, it has

both the Tabula

It is further

alleged

and the palaeography

of the
styleof the sculpture
in the Apotheosisare more
characteristic of the
inscriptions
first century of the Boman
Empire than of the preoeding
Macedonian
period. It may, however, be observed that,
have
first,the forms of the letters in these inscriptions
that the

never

as

forms,
we

yet been

as

might

correctlypublished,and

they still appear

expect

to

find

that their real

on

the

marble,

in

the

Macedonian

are

such

as

period.

79
drine,
Secondly,the sentiment of the designgenerallyis Alexanthe allegorical
being preciselythose
personages
have been chosen in an
which would
pedantic
age when
both in art
learningprevailedover the imaginativefaculty,
and literature. Thirdly,the styleof the sculpture
presents
characteristic which
be clearlyrecognizedas
no
one
can
belonging to the Eoman
period,and, on the other hand,
is in

no

at variance

way

the few

with

Macedonian

examples enable

extant

to form

us

art,
any

far

so

as

conception

of it.
that the work
It is quitepossible

of Archelaus

have

may

temple at Bovillse,
of an earlier period; or, again,as
and yet be the work
in
be the abridged copy made
Schmidt
suggests, it may
much
from
times
Eoman
a
larger compositionof an
This
earlier date.
explain the absence of the iota
may
in the words TpaywStaand Kay^ta, the omission
subscript
of which
letter,accordingto Franz (Elem.Epigr. Greec,
in inscriptions
observed
earlier
p. 233), has not been
by Tiberius

in

been

dedicated

than

the first century B.C., and

practicein
invention
in
the

Eoman
is shown

the

case

motive

same

in

monotony

the

times.

the

became

and

more

more

In the

composition,very little
in the grouping of the figures,
especially
of those sacrificing
to Homer, where
is repeated with
and
tedious
precise
case

of the

three

successive

Poetry, Tragedy, and

figures,
figures,

Comedy. In several of the

such as the Apollo, Polyhymnia, and the Poet,
moreover,
we
recognise replicasof well-known
types. The group
of allegorical
Physis,Mneme, Pistis, Arete,
personages,
of the lower scene, have
Sophia,in the right-handcorner
not, it is believed,been

met

with

Commentators

not

agreed

art.

import.
that

are

elsewhere
as

to

in

their

ancient

precise

Welcker

these

(AlteDenkmaler, III.,p. 316) suggests

innate or
personifications
represent the gifts,

acquired,of

Homer

himself.

The

face

of Chronos

bears

So
resemblance

that of

and
Ptolemy Philadelphia,
that we
it is possible
of the
have a king and queen
Macedonian
period representedhere as allegoricalperThe figureof Chronos is draped,probably,in a
sonages.
be ascertained,as the body is
mantle, but this cannot
some

to

nearly concealed by

that of Oikoumene.

relief in this

The

is unusuallycomplicated
composition
;
the figuresrange from a very low to a highdegreeof projection,
and the planesof the background are varied, so as
to indicate the recedingand salient surfaces of the mountain.
in which the figures
in the right-hand
The manner
corner
crowded, one behind the other,is also peculiar.
are

So

picturesquea

in Greek
under

treatment

the influence
scenes

This relief
of the

of

been

admitted

found

was

Palace

period when sculpturecame

and attempted to express
painting,

suitable to the sister art.

more

seventeenth

Colonna

have

not

till that later

art

in marble

would

at Bovillre

century, and
Borne.

It

the middle

earlyas

as
was

formerly in

the

first

publishedby
Kircher, in his Latium (Amstelod.1671, p. 81),and has
Bestorasince been the subject of much
commentary.
tions,part of Homer's right foot,the left hand of My thos
with the patera it holds,the heads of Sophia,Apollo,the
the Poet on the base,and of all the Muses,
Delphicpriestess,
except Melpomene, Clio,Polyhymnia,and Thalia ; also the
of Thalia and the flying
end of her peplos,
left arm
together
with, the

at

of the slab to which

corner

It is uncertain
oppositecorner.
terminated.
the slab originally
Ht. 3 ft.

10$

various

was

in.

Length, 2

memoirs

De
Kortigarn,

on

ft.

7$

this reliefare

Tabula

it is attached,and

how

in.

the upper

Purchased

noted

in

the

margin
1819.

in the excellent

of

The

treatise

Bonn, 1862 ; see also Brunn,

Archelai,
d. G. K.,I.,pp. 584-592.
Geschichte
Overbeck,Geschichte d.
Gr. Plastik,
114.
Schmidt, Annali of Inst. Arch.
II.,
p. 382, fig.
119-130.
Rom., 1849, pp.
Helbig,Campan. Wandmalerei,p. 26.
No. 27.
Harrison,No. 827.
Caldesi,

by

81
Head

(160.)Female
with

in

high recurved apex, of

surmounts
or
kidaris,
Jcyrbasia,
a

of linen

cover

veil

each

on

side

of the

band

neck

chin, arrangedso

over

manner

be lowered
be

then

the

Turkish

veil

called

character
It

type has

Eestorations

like

by

worn

head, on

account

head-dress,has
Asiatic

that of the Amazons.

bust, with

the

drapery on

side of the neck.

pi.12.

Achilles

by

for which

the Villa

From

T.
Ellis,

(161.) Iconic

with

that

d.
(Bullettino

of

the

it

sculptorof
300*)- It

formerly called
Mr. Payne Knight, an attribution
was

It is

it

representssome

The

fashion

evidently

of features

cast

of the

personage

of the beard

corresponds

Helbig

Inst. Arch.

Bom., 1872, p. 74) compares the

of the hair, with that of the
treatment

so-called

figures,attributed
thinks

Marbles,XI.,

Perseus, last king of Macedonia.

general type, and

heads

bust

no

period.
of

This

Mus.

T.

groundswhatever.
styleof sculptureand

are

and
the
portrait,
make
it probable that
Macedonian

"

its possessor,

there

Montalto,Rome.

G., I.,p. 340.

Bust.

p.

with
affinity

no

in

probably some

more

neck, and

nose,

Ht. 2 ft. 4J in.

is

the

This arrangement

yashmak

This

the

the face could

nose.

the

as

forward, when

the Oriental

and

over
over

passes

forehead, and

present day.

Adonis.

The

Queen.

He

the

falls

veil could

upper

correspondswith

at the

women

of its effeminate

each

The

over

this is fitted

back

to be drawn

as

the Persians

by

material,which
material

helmet

"

; over

concealed,all but the eyes and

of the

been

the head

same

mouth.

needed,

called

neck, being drawn

the

of

Attire.

the kind

other textile

or

forehead;
and

Asiatic

by

Gladiator

Brunn

to

probable that
that

school

is believed

the

this

and
school

head

(seeHiibner,
that

no

other
of

Pergamus.

executed

was

Arch.

head

Gaulish

by

Zeit. 1866,

similar in
G

cast

82

of features has
and

yet

Restorations

discovered.

been

: nose

bust.

(of ancient portion)12J in. Bequeathed by

Esq. Mus. Marbles,XL, pi.14. Caldesi,No.

Ht.

R.

Payne Knignt"

7.

(162.)Figure in Asiatic Dress, restored as Paris,

the
He
wears
holding ont the apple in his right hand.
Phrygian cap, a chiton with sleeves,girtat the waist, and
tucked up at the hips,trousers (anaxyrides),
shoes tied over
the ankle, and a cloak fastened on
the rightshoulder by a
and falling
the left arm.
Eestorations : the right
over
fibula,
arm, left hand, both feet,and many
parts of drapery.
Ht.

ft. 6

Found

in.

near

Porta

Portese,Borne.

Purchased

in

1846.

ental
(163.)Mithraic
Group." The god Mithras in an Oridress is kneelingon a prostrate bull, drawing back
its head with his left hand, and stabbing it behind
the
shoulder with a short sword
held in his right. A dog and
are
a snake
springingup to drink the blood of the victim
as

it flows from

the wound.

with

its claws.

Mithras

been

introduced

at

scorpionseizes the

scrotum

Phrygian cap with two

the
flapsfallingdown the back, a cloak flying from
shoulders, a sleeved chitdh girt at the waist and reaching
lar
and shoes.
to the knees, trousers
Many simi(anaasyrides),
period,have been
groups, all probably of the Boman
found
in different parts of the Boman
Empire. Mithras
Persian
whose
solar deity,
a
was
worship is said to have
of the

wears

Kome

piratesthere

from

Cilicia,after the conquest

by Pompey,

b.c

70.

According

Lajard (Cultede Mithra, Paris, 1867),the

Mithras
life and

whom

groups is the symbol of animal

The dog, scorpion,
and other
reproductivepower.

sacrificesin these

accessories,which
are

bull

to

symbols which

vary

have

in the
been

different

Mithraic

groups,

(ibid.p. 682)
interpreted

83

as

as

to the old Persian

having reference
of astronomical

elbow, with

from

arm

import.

Eestorations

dog

Length 4 ft. 10
Standish, Esq.,from
by
T. G.,I.,p. 283.
Ellis,

Ht. 4 ft. 3" in.

C.

the Term
draws

both

whom

forward

lefthand

which

Combe

365)

consider

and

it to

Rome,

1815,

in

1826.

part of

ful
youth-

the

over

halfway down

drapery; the righthand

also Gerhard

be

from

purchased in

than

the breast,the

across

by the left side.

identified with
satisfactorily

type.

head, right

is drawn

more

of the mantle

the end

from

was

This

hangs down

has not been

p.

it

the upper

muffled in

are

arms

Brought

in.

head, and falls rather

also

far as shoulder.

as

by
(164.)Term, surmounted
male figureclad in a mantle
of the

the

greater part of sword, left arm

shoulder to wrist,body of

back

mythology,and

any

curious
known

Term

logical
mytho-

(Akad. Abhandl,

female, but

the

features

I.
are

Payne Knight has published

it as Venus
Architis,on grounds altogetherinsufficient.
(See Gerhard, Ueber die Hermaphroditen,in Arch. Nachlass aus Rom, p. 278, Note 160.) Friederichs (Bausteine,
the resemblance
to Hercules,
on
p. 443, No. 728) remarks
cites another
similar Term
and
found
at Pompeii (Overbeck, Pompeii,p. 87, fig.
74). The arrangement of the hair
those

is

of

man.

young

certainlylike that of Hercules, but the peculiarsquareness

of the jaw and general massiveness
of the type are

wanting.

K. O. Miiller

(Handbuch, " 377, p. 583) supposes

Restoration : a small partof the extremity

it to be Theseus.
of the Term.
Ht.

2 ft. 9 in.
the

in 1775, about
Discovered,

Preeneste

Road.

Mns.

six miles

Marbles, II.,pi.37.

from

Tivoli,on
T. G.,I.,
Ellis,

Clarac, pi. 591, fig.1,286. Spec.Ant. Sculpt.,

I.,pi.
Akad.
Abhandl., Berlin,1866, pi.xxix.,fig.2. T.
Gerhard,

p. 263.
58.

(165.)Actaeon
back from

the

Devoured

by his Hounds."
his rightarm
attack,raising
over

if to strike the hound

which

clingsto

his

He

draws

his head

as

rightthigh,pre-

81

his

paring to spring at
between
his legs,his
;

the left hand

the

amazement;
and

hangs

attached
so

the

down

to the

Another

body.

head

thrown

with

up

fierce expression

of Actaeon

is extended

in

lion's skin

is knotted

round

his left

over

arm

left leg of Actaeon

arranged the

lion's skin

support of the trunk.

the

on

Over

attitude

an

his neck,

trunk

of

to

forehead

the

number

of

holes,some

into

is

rare

part of the head are

filled with lead, in which

of them

in ancient

inserted.

The

rather

the upper

has been

metallic ornament
which

In

body.

tree

of Actseon

antlers,indicatinghis partialtransformation
stag. The head of this figureis antique,but seems
the

fully
sculptorhas skilgive to the left arm

are

largefor

of

the

as

crouches

hound

a
a

type of Actaeon,

art, is representedon

archaic

an

relief in the

Campana Museum ; on the fragment

in the Payne Knight Collection ; on a fictile
of a fine cameo
in the Museum
vase
(Catalogueof Vases, No. 1677),and on
several mural paintings
at Pompeii(Helbig,
Wandgemalde,
and of
p. 69). Eestorations : hands, neck, part of nose
horns of Actseon ; fore part of head and both ears of dog
leapingup ; of the other dog a portiononly of each ear.
terra-ootta

3 ft. 5
Ht., includingpedestal,
in

in. Discovered

1774, in ruins of Villa of Antoninus

(Lanuvium),

Mus.

Marbles,

Wieseler,Denkmaler, pi. 17,

p.

122, No.

No.
Caldesi,

101.

by Mr.

Gavin

Hamilton,

Civita

Lavinia
Pius,near
T
.
Ellis, G., I.,p. 295.

II.,pi.45.
No.

186.

21.

T.

Friederichs,
Bausteine,

Head, slightlyinclined to the right.

(166.)Female
and drawn
The hair,partedin the centre of the forehead,
back

from

in loose tresses.

by oval

oavities.

that this head

has

The
The

pupilsof the eyes

jointat the base of

belonged to

simple,and may be
good period. The form
and

of

marine

lines,falls down

the face in rich wavy

deity.

the work

statue.

of

the neck

represented

are

the neck

The

Greek

shows

styleis large
of a
sculptor

of the hair is rather characteristic

It is

that
possible

the head

represents.

85

Venus.

The

is in fine

surface

entire,all but

condition, and

nose

the

the left side below

on
slightreparation

the

bridge.
Ht.

1 ft. 4f in.

(167.)Androgynous
hips is that of a young
an

other
the

Term.

The

"

to the

figuredown

holdingin her right hand a

girl,
of grapes, with which
she is feedinga bird restored
has probablybeen a goose, or some
ibis,but which
aquaticbird. Her hair is divided along the top of

bunch
as

No. '85.

Cat. Pourt.

Pourtales.

head, the

knot

back

drawn

tresses

and

tied with

the neck.
on
curlymass
Cupid is frequently
representedplayiugwith a goose, and
in the Bronze
is a female figurefeedingan
Boom
aquatic
;

bird.

the

front

back

tresses

fall in

Guide, p. 36, No. 8.) Bestorations

head, neck, and leg of bird,base of Term.

(BronzeBoom

Ht. of ancient

Nemi,
I.,p.

portion,3 ft. 5| in. Found in a swamp

Mas. Marbles,X.,pi.30.
in 1774.
Italy,

in

rudder

She

wears

round

the

small

her

On

restingon

nead

the

the

body,

Ht.,includingbase,3
I.,p.

by

is

cornucopia.

mantle

wound

Bestorations:

and

lower

neck,
and

part of the

drapery.

ft. " in.

Found
Mus.

by Mr. Gavin Hamilton near

pi.18. Ellis,T. G.,
Marbles,II.,

T.

172.

beside

is indicated

the

Latina,Rome.

(169.)Belief:
Victory

left

calathus,right hand, all the rudder

cornucopia,parts of
Via

her

which

part of the globe,left hand

the

T. G.,
Ellis,

calathus,in her right

globe,in

half of

lower

nearly all

"

talaric chiton,
over

Lake

T.

233.

(168.)Fortune.
hand

near

an

from
Apollo Receiving a Libation
temple,probably that of Delphi,which
architrave

on
resting

Corinthian

columns.

talaric chiton with sleeves,

a
Apollo,as Musegetes,wears
is a dijploidion
which
over
girt at the waist ; an ample

86

mantle, perhaps the epomis dipU, hangs from his left

shoulder; his long hair is looped up in a broad plait
behind, under
ear

he holds

stephane
;

out

singlelongplaitfalls over

patera with his right hand, while

each

his

which
is supportedin an
stringsof his lyre,
uprightposition
by a broad band passingover the left wrist ;
of the base of the lyrehang two ends of
from one
corner

left strikes the

ribbons; he

Victory is clad

girtat
she

armlets;

wears

in

talaric chiton,
over

the waist, and

terminatingat

bracelets and armlets

wears

his feet

on

both

sandals:

are

which

is a

the

diploidion

hips in pteryges ;
stand with the
figures
the

ground : at the side of the Victoryis

is sculpturedin relief a winged
which
a circular altar,on
This subjectoccurs
two
festoons.
female figurebetween
heels raised from

on

several

other

Elgin Collection
British

the

reliefs in
and

Museum.

also

(For

Denkmaler, II.,p.

marble, one

on

list of

of which

relief in the

terra-cotta

them,

see

is in the

Weleker, Alte

for the

37 ; and

example at Naples,see
Minervini, in Bullet. Arch. Napol. N.S., III.,pi. 1, p. 3.)
exhibit the same
All these sculptures
peculiarstyle,in
of the archaic
certain characteristics
which
period are
retained in the treatment, probablyfrom a religious
motive,
this styleis called Hieratic.
whence
(SeeOverbeek,
Geschichte d. Griech. Plastik,
I.,p. 168.) On a comparison
of all the reliefs in which this subjectoccurs, it will be seen
that the one
here described is part of a largercomposition
in which
Latona
and Artemis
follow behind
Apollo,and
a
temple is introduced in the background';a tripod,a
statue
the omphalos,
on
a
a
pedestal,
plane tree, and the
Horee

on

the

altar also

suggestedthat
as

their

in

similar

p. 86, et

these reliefs

are

as

accessories.

It has been

votive,and that in selecting

subjectthe victoryof Apollo in

dedicator

the

occur

musical

contest,

his own
commemorated
indirectly
triumph
exercise of skill. (SeeFriederichs,
Bausteine,

seq*)

This

of the subjectis,howinterpretation

87

Welcker

disputedby

ever,

who

(Alte Denkmaler, II.,p. 54),

that these reliefs rather represent the original
of the musical contest
at Delphi by the god

thinks

institution

himself.

Restorations:

greater part of the body of

left,
on
part of body of Victory, column

Apollo,lower
and

lower

have

been

the

part of column

copied from

right.

on

The

parts restored
in the Villa

perfectmarbles

more

Albani.
Ht. 2 ft. 1 in.,length2 ft. 1 in.
Wm.

Hamilton.

Formerly in the collection of Sir

Marbles, II.,pi. 13. Ellis,T. G., II.,

Mua.

p. 113.

Friederichs,Bausteine, p. 86,
Denkmaler, II.,
p. 37.

(170.) Female
which

is crossed

Ht.

10}

the

Head,

the brow

on

(171.)Mercury

wrapped

in

the

winged sandals, tcdaria.

crisp curls.
Of this
the

The

in

and

at

one

the

of

Belvedere

the

the

the

described.

of the

As

hair
tree

is

in

caduoem

his feet

are

Collection,that

all late

the

type has

the statue

so

the

in

not

as

some

It is

famous

yet been identified

complete as

in the Vatican

the

Antinous,

an

copiesfrom

Mercury mentioned
extant
examples of

Mercury

examples;

(Clarac,pi. 659, fig.1523.)

are

an

supports the rightleg.

several well-known

are

diadem,

in short,
disposed

of

statues

attributes of

On

arm.

Vatican, formerly called

Munich

None

figurestands

left he holds

Lansdowne

probablethat these
but
Greek original,
among

The

of

trunk

type of Mercury

statue

This

his left

round

by

right leg, the left slightly

right; the righthand rests

the

to

against the right hip ;

is

the

bound

T.

"

bent, the head inclined

mantle

61.

[Hermes].

attitude,restingon

easy

Welcker, Alte

70.

in fine condition.

T. G.,II.,p.
Ellis,

in.

hair

No.

by

ancient

this statue
the

thors.
au-

have

figurehere

has the stem

of

palm-tree for support,it has been thought that this type

; but the
representsMercury as the god of the pcdcestra

88

fleshyforms, and
as

the elaborate curls of the

hair, are

not

might be expectedin a
Enagonios. In the statue
knit, which gives the
slightly

characteristic of the athlete

as

representationof the Hermes

here described,
the brow
is
countenance
a sad expression.
In
island

Museum

the

of Andros, which

in attitude

of

with

Mercury

wound

the

correspondsin generaltype

and

described,but the attributes

here

one

support has

wanting, and the

it. This figure once

has here

in the

found

statue

are

round

the snake

is

Athens

at

stood

sepulchral
import.

on

snake

tomb, and

Friederichs

(Bau-

of the person
representedunder the

steine,p. 263) considers it to be the statue

in the

interred

tomb, who

is here

figure,from Andros, is better

modelled
than the copiesalreadymentioned, which
were
and thus are
further removed
all probablyfound in Italy,
from the originalGreek type. (On this class of Mercuries
Wieseler, Denkmaler, pi. 28, p. 168.) Restorations:
see
left foot and leg up to knee, rightfoot as far as instep,
includingwing on inner ankle, left hand, tipof nose, chin,
and under lip.
type of Mercury.

Ht. 6 ft. 6 in.

This

Formerly in

with

other

the

Farnese
from

Palace

at

Rome,

and

chased
pur-

the

ex-King of Naples,in 1865.

A.
VII.
No. 12.
Visconti,Mns. P. C, I.,pi.
Braun, Vorsch. d.
De
91.
Fine
Arts Quarterly,
i
n
Kunst-Mythologie,
Triqneti,
pi.
III.,
Compare Friederichs,Bausteine,p. 261, Nos. 441
p. 213.
and 443.
No. 23.
Caldesi,
Harrison,No. 835.
statues

finelymodelled
[Aphrodite],
the surface, which
was
injured in a fire at Richmond
House, in 1791, has been
painted. The left thigh
(172.)Torso

of Venus

is

restored.
Ht. 2

ft. 5

Said

in.
have

Purchased
been

from

found

at

the

Duke

Antium

of

Eichmond,

about

1770.

in

1821.

Bottiger,
T. G.,
Amalthea, III.,p. 5. Mus. Marbles,XL, pi.35. Ellis,
I.,p. 268.
Friederichs,
Bausteine,p. 341, No. 592. Caldesi,
No.

to

28.

89

Head, the hair gathered up within an

opisthosphendonk This head may have been copiedfrom

(173.)Female
in
original

an

bronze.

Ht. 1 ft. 3 in.

Ant.

Found

Eestorations
Genzano.

near

The

"

and

bnst.

T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p.

Spec.

55.

T.

Scnlpt.I.,pi.24.

(174.)JEgipan.

neck

is here

god Pan

represented

in
unpleasingaspect which
Eoman
the more
art prevailedover
gracefultype, preferred
the
of
the
earlier
by
top
period. On
sculptors an
which
of the head is a projection,
probably formed the
base of the horns; the junctionof the human
thighs
of
with
masked
the goat's legs is skilfully
by masses
under

the

grotesque and

hair; the mouth

snaggy
open,
head turned to the right,
if
as

as

if

uttering a

cry, the

contemplatingsome object
and the animated
of the countenance,
or scene,
expression
show that this figurewas
The
originally
part of a group.
left hand holds the pedum, or crooked staff. Eestorations :
of left leg and part of shank
of right,
right
nose, shank
arm,

left hand, and

both

ends of the crook.

Ht. 2 ft. 7 in. ;

Mus.

includingbase, 2 ft. 11 in. Brought from

T. G.,I.,p. 210.
T.
Marbles,X., pi.24. Ellis,

Home.

(175.)iEgipan Reclining; his righthand restingon

his left hand raised above his head and holding
the plinth,
a
pedum; he is lookingupwards to the left; a goatskin
knotted

round

his neck

hangs

over

From

his back.

the

probably associated in a
figureit was
the left. Restorations:
with a standingfigureon
group
left arm
from
with pedum, right arm
elbow, both
nose,
goats'shanks, and part of plinth.
attitude of

Length 1

this

ft. 6| in.

Ht. 1 ft. 3 in.

(176.)Relief representing
Icarius,
The

scene

to whom

he

revealed

Mus.

the
the

T.

Marbles,XL, pi.42.

Visit of Bacchus
art

of

making

representsa courtyardin front of

to

wine.

house

in

90

Attica.

the left is Icarius,half reclined

On

behind

round

down
his

to

that

foot in order
his

the

Bacchus, who
right to welcome
with
staggeringgait,and is supported from
by a diminutive Satyr,while he raises his right

turning
advances

conch,

on

diminutive

another

Satyr

unfasten

may

with
the custom
sandals,as was
guests before sitting
the right behind
Bacchus
is
to a banquet. On
at present of four figures
suite,or thicmis,
consisting

advancing one behind the other. The foremost of these

and lookingback at
is a youthfulSatyr holdinga thyrsus
is playing on
the double
flute ; behind
Silenus, who
his
Silenus is another
Satyr holding a wreath (?) over
head, and lookingback at a bearded figurewith a wreath,
who,

learn from

we

as

downwards, and
the wreath

up

hand

has

this

design,has

the

only trace

from

the waist

drapery

holdinga lyre.

nebris

hanging

The

down

Satyrholding

his back.

mantle
twisted
a
(restored),
All
buskins.
the figuresin the

wreath

wears

body,

and

Bacchus

is the

marble

the

on

of
repetitions

Bacohante, of whom

drunken

supported a
remaining

extant

in

smaller

are

than

stature

the

Silenus
his

round
suite

of

He

is

god.

representedunder the type commonly called the Indian

with a long flowing beard, and an
Baochus, ivy-crowned,
ample peplos,which envelopeshis whole form. Icarius
wears
an
ivy wreath ; a peplosis thrown over his lower
limbs ; in front of his couch
is a tripodtable,on which
cakes

are

scenic masks
couch

is

cantharus,and

the

and

low

on

platform;

below

plain column, on which

of
a tripod. Rising out
on
leJeand,
figure.

This

called Manes
a

in the

pillarabove

Term

here

has

been

game

lekank,or

described

are

four

in front of the foot of his

stands

column, the shaft restored,on

his feet

this

which

thought

large basin,

basin

stands

is
a

Doric

terminal

represent the figure

of kottdbos,
which was
placedon
to

dish

and

though the
only partially
correspondswith the
concave

91
of
descriptions

is not

unworthy

however, appears

be

to

ancient

in

this game

anthors, the

consideration.

of

surmounted

by

The

gestion
sug-

Term,

triplehead,

in

probably represent Hermes Trikephalos,and might be considered as standingagainst the

wall of the house, instead of (as restored)
risingout of
In the background is a house or temple,with
the basin.
two rectangular
windows, divided by plain
a tiled roof and
columns ; in the gable of this edifice is a head of Medusa,
supportedon each side by a Triton. Below the eaves, the
walls are hung with festoons,which a Satyr is fastening
;
the left,
is a smaller building,
in front of this edifice,
on
and in the centre a wall terminating
also roofed with tiles,
is fastened to
in a pilaster.A curtain, one end of which
is stretched between
Bacchus
this pilaster,
and Icarius.

which

it would

case

this curtain

Between

for the

relief ;

Bacchus

is

second

couch, prepared

The

is surmounted
pilaster
by a small
sculptureda Victorydrivinga bigain

god.

which

tablet,on

and

is

this,doubtless,indicates

tablet to

votive

morate
comme-

victory. Behind the suite of Bacchus is

the extreme
a lower wall,beyond whiob, in the distance on
and
and a tablet surmounting a pillar,
right,is a palm-tree,
correspondingwith the tablet already described, except
the extreme
the largeredifice,
that it is plain. Behind
on
is a plane-tree,
which,as elsewhere in reliefs,
left,
probably
a

indicates

chariot

court

Alte Denkmaler,
two

The

or

round
peribolo*

II.,p. 49). The

kinds, flat tiles and

windows
The

are

of

tiles to

tiles

on

the

cover

(seeWeloker,

the roof

are

of

joints(imbrices).

in Greek
architecture.
very rare
described
certain
occurs, with

form

subject here

modifications in the

the edifice

design,on

several

which
reliefs,

are

compared by 0. Jahn (Archaol.

Beitrage,
female figure,
a
p. 198). On three of these repetitions
is reclining
the same
couch
on
probablythe wife of Icarius,
enumerated

With

and

him, and in the marble

here

described

are

traces

of

92

such
to

of

which have
figure,
the drapery of Icarius.
this relief here given

Gerhard

and

of it has

ever

others,but
been

discussed

by

masks

the

at

Athenian

Jahn

converted

been

The
has

into

of
explanation
been

called in

an

addition

the

subject
questionby

probableinterpretation
This questionhas been fully
offered.
in the dissertation alreadycited. The
more

no

side of Icarius

tragedy is

may allude
been
to have

said

to the

invented

fact that
in the

of Icaria in Attica,

deme

Eestorations

head

Silenus, left,
arm

and

of

right arm
.

and

top of head

of

Satyr following

Silenus, head

and

part of body, and part of draperyof last figurein

thiasus,
drapery at foot of Icarius,shaft of column between
upper

terminal
This

figureand
relief

was

lekane.

placedby Pope

Sixtus V. in the Villa

Montalto, and has been long known, as the first engraving

of it was
The
Lafreri,in 1549.
publishedby Antonio
surface has suffered much

Length 4

ft. 11 in.

II.,p.

from

Ht. 3 ft.

Mus.

decay

and

retouching.

Marbles,II.,pi.4.

T. G.,
Ellis,
Bellori,Admi-

No. 1155.
Botticher,Verzeichniss,
randa Roniae,
I.,89. Visconti,
pi.43. Montfaucon, Ant. "xpliq.,
No.
Mus. P. C, II.,
6.
29.
Harrison,No. 847.
Caldesi,
pi.B,
140.

Terminal
Satyricfigureplayingon
[?]."
the kind
of flute called plagiatdos,
obliquatibia. This
figureis called Pan by Combe, but differs from any known
named
type of that deity. It has also been conjecturally
Midas
(O. Jahn, Archaol. Zeitung, 1848, p. 239), and
Hyagnis, the father of Marsyas (Panofka,Antiken Kranz,
No. 8, p. 10 : see also Michaelis, Archaol. Zeitung,1866,
of this figureis encircled with
head
a
p. 254). The
the shoulders,
the hair falls in long tresses over
stephane,
and
the beard
is long and wedge-shaped,of the form
Term
is draped
called by the ancients sphenopogon.The
in the
in a chiton with sleeves,and gatheredover
a girdle,
in which it is worn
manner
by female figures
; the sleeves

(177.)Midas

93

with

arm

studs

In the Second

with both hands.

of

the

fastened down

are

Vase

the flute is played

Room

are

the remains

of which the mouth-piece is made

of
plagiaulos,
the pipe of reed, enclosed in a bronze tube.
(See
Second Vase Eoom, Pt. I. p. 68, No. 131). It is
other extant
that there is no
example of this

similar

bone

and

Guide

to

believed

but it is

type ;

nearly allied

of two

(SeeGarrucci,Mus.

Museum.

Lateran

to that

Lat.

Terms

pi.26

in the
Benndorf

Schone, Ant. Bild. d. Lat. Mus., pp. 105, 106, Nos. 181,
head,
188),which, however, differ in having horns over the fore-

and

and

probably represent

therefore

Garrucci, pi. 24, figg.3, 4

Benndorf

and

Pan.

(See also

Schone, p. 301,

draped.) On the whole,

similarly
of
there seem
to be fair grounds for Jahn's attribution
Midas for this figure,
because, accordingto Pliny,he was
of the plagiaulos.This statue seems
to be
the inventor
archaic work, and was
the copy or adaptationof an
bably
proNos. 432, 435, for Terms

made

about

the

time

Hadrian, when

of

pseudoarchaic stylewas
originalTerm, like
have been clad
of Deities,
other early representations
may
in actual
drapery. The action of breathing into the
in this figure. Restorations :
is well expressed
instrument
in

all the

middle
Ht.

fashion.

The

rightarm, left hand, the mouth-pieceand

of pipe,and the lower part of the Term.
2

ft.

10}

in.

Lavinia,in the

Found

by

Gavin

Mr.

of Antoninus

Villa

35.

T. G.,I.,p.
Ellis,

62.

Harrison, No.

(178.) Recumbent
part

of

near

part of
Civita

Mus.

Marbles,II.,
pi.
Friederichs,Bausteine,p. 78, No.

188.

822.

Hamilton

Pius.

On

figureswith

Stephani,Compte-Rendu,1867, p. 47.

formed

the

see
plagiaulos,

T.

This

figureoriginally
representinga Satyr struggling

Satyr.

"

gronp
who
repels his

The
advances.
female
Nymph,
figurehas perishedall hut two fingersof the left hand,
which
are
pressedagainst the face of the Satyr. The
this sculpturehas been restored,
artist by whom
modern
with

"

94

ignorantlyadapted these

has

female

two

the

fingersto

with his left arm,

Satyr,which, together
also a restoration,is
His right arm,
is a restoration.
Bound
the
raised above his head, holding a wine cup.

left hand

of the

has been

head

which

rock, over

this statue

at

or

both

the upper

on

of the

arms,

does

not

Satyr rests

plinthof

The

surface of it is
which
of

for the purpose

used

figure.This

copy of the
Restorations

body

scale of measurements,

time been

some

The

drapery is thrown.

antique;

canon

have

is

of metal, the

other ornament

or

stillremain.

holes for which

on

diadem

must

making

be

to

seem

graved
en-

antique.

all but the fore and middle

fingers

of the left hand.

Ht. 1 ft. 11

pi. 39.

(179.)Relief.

on

the

the

Fart

"

leads the way,

her follow two

double

Marbles, XL,
Caldesi,No. 33. Harrison,

of Bacchic

thiasm;

playingon

the tympanum

Maenad

or

behind

Satyrs,the foremost of whom

plays
young
flute ; his companion follows,holding out

skin,pardalis,
on
panther's

right he

holds

his left arm,

like

buckler,

thyrsus;the panther of
has his head
Baochus walks at his side ; the flute-player
bound
with the straps of the phorbeia,
kind of leathern
a
mouth-pieceused to give additional force to the muscles
exerted in playingthe two flutes ; on the left arm
of this
less
figurehangs the panther'sskin; both Satyrsare beardwhile

in his

Mns.

T.

No. 833.

Bacchante

ft. 5 in.

Length of plinth,3
T. G., I.,p. 235.
Ellis,

in.

the Maenad

has her head

chiton is open
all down
the influence of
under

back

thrown

her

talaric

the

as if
right side ; she moves
orgiasticexcitement; all three
is part of a Dionysiac
figuresare dancing. This scene
in ancient sculpture.
compositionwhich frequentlyoccurs

Length 4
in

ft. 1 J in.

Ht. 3 ft.

1776, on
T. G.,II.,
Ellis,
p.

12.

2J

the site of the

in.

ancient

109.

Found

by

Gabii.

No.
Caldesi,

Mr.
Mns.

30.

Gavin

Hamilton,
Marbles,II.,
pi.

T.

95

of Four
and Forehands
Horses,
(179a.)The Heads
moving to the left,evidentlythe fragment of a relief on
driven at full speed. In
which
a quadrigawas
represented,
front of the houses is the edge of a mantle.
On comparing
this relief with
the photographsof two reliefs belonging
de Soule in Portugal,it is evident that this
to the Duke
fragment has been broken off from a compositionin whioh
whose
mantle is flyingbehind him, is represented
a figure,
at Berlin
running in front of a quadriga. In the Museum
is the cast of a similar composition.The compositionsof
the two reliefs belongingto the Duke
de Soule are nearly
identical. It is said that they were
obtained from Pompeii
In style,
these reliefs,
by an ancestor of the presentDuke.
and
the fragment here described, resemble the metope
found by Dr. Schliemann
at Ilium Novum, a cast of which
be

may

Ht.

in the Mausoleum

seen

1 ft. 4} in.

Length

of a
(180.) Bust
rough and unkempt,
neck.

of the

Boom.

1 ft.6" in.

Cat.

long

tresses

on

hair,

each

the head, and

encircles

diadem

38.

[Mainas]."The

Bacchante
falls in

No.
Pourtales,

side
across

forehead, immediately below the roots of the hair,

diadem
is, probably,the same
a
band, which
passes

the

continued
and
to

the hair.

under

diadem,

the

The

rough dishevelled hair

characteristic of Msnads
sufficiently

are

justifythe present

attribution.

Restorations:

nose,

bust.
Ht.

ft. 1 in.

Rome.

Mus.

(181.)Bust
goat'sears

and

Found, in 1776, outside the Porta San Pancrazio,

T. G.,II.,
T.
Marbles,XL, pL 15. Ellis,
p. 61.

of

Youthful

shaggy

hair.

Satyr, beardless,with
Bestorations:

nose,

both

bust.
lips,
Ht.

lOf in. Bequeathed by R. Payne Knight,Esq.

T. G.,II.,
XL, pi.16. Ellis,
p. 56.

Mas.

Marbles,

96

of Satyr.

(182.) Head
forehead, on

which

pointed,and

the face has

ration

the

Ht. 1 ft. 1 in.

hair

short

two

are

the

tipof

The

"

springs from

horns, the

in

about

1772,

four

miles

Satyr, lookingup
(183.)A Youthfol
expression
; the fawnskin, nebrisyhangs

(by Algardi):
from

The

portionof

the

From

T.

with

laughing

the

down

right

Bestorations

the elbows, the

above

legs

supportingthe left
is correctly
restored,as
to the upper

attached

remain.
has

right.

been

As

the

the

G.,I.,p.

the head
have

part of

and

The

body

The

wreath

of

is

left from

figure cannot

however, that the

is

36.

Marbles,
T.

pointed;

are

the forehead

over

off.

raised,the head

right arm

ears'

probablyformed
a

Mus.

Caldesi,No.

178.

The

"

broken
and

Palace,Rome.

Maccarani

Satyr.

now
right arm,
by a diadem

traces

this

the

T.
Ellis,

(184.) Youthful
the rightside of
which
projections,

and

Porta

arm.

II.,pi.24.

arm

the

the trunk

it still remains

Ht. 3 ft. 8f in.

the

from

arms

in the left hand

pedum

from

his left shoulder.

on

downwards, and

knees

side.

knot

the

are

laughingexpression. Besto-

I.,pi.59.
Spec.Ant. Sculpt.,

Maggiore, Rome.

ears

nose.

Found,

side,fastened by

the

the

hair

are

on

two

supports of

has

been

circled
en-

ivy,of which only

entirelynaked, the right
looks

wanting

downwards
from

to

the

the

shoulder,
below the elbow, the originalmotive of
be determined;
it seems
probable,
right hand held an oinochoe"and was

held in the left hand.

On
phiale,
Greek fictile vases, a Satyr frequently
appears engaged in
this particular
action, and is occasionally
designated by
This figurehas not the usual
the name
Oinos, Wine."
wiry type of the Satyr,and the forms present something
of the androgynous character
of the youthfulDionysos:

pouring

wine

into

"

97

observable

this is also

the later Greek

of Pan on
representations
{See Vase Catalogue,Nos. 1434,

in the

vases.

1681.)
Ht. 4 ft. 9f in.
similar

This

all
figures,

Dresden.

It

found

was

of

which

1838.

at

Mus.

Antium,

that

with

the

passed into
from

obtained

was

for casts, in
No.

statue

other

Augusteum

Museum

Marbles, XL,

four

in

pi.

40.

at

"

exchange
Caldesi,

32.

[Aphrodite]. This figureis nude all but

(185.)Venus
the left leg and thigh,to which
drapery,held up by the
is still clinging; the head, which is
pressure of the thighs,
inclined forward, looking to the right,is bound
slightly
"

with
are

diadem

sandals

wound

the

shoulders, and

times

three

arms

are

there

is

it ;

round

modern

from

the

on

little below

feet
the

authorityfor their present

action.
As the marble presents a slightprojection
the
on
rightside of the chin, Combe thought it probablethat the
left hand was
raised to the face and supported by this
held
was
projection.He supposed that the right arm
the body a little below the bosom.
From
the disposiacross
tion
of the drapery,this figurewas
probablyrepresented
of undressingto enter the bath.
The head
at the moment
is
has been broken off,but belongsto the statue ; the nose
no

restored.
Ht.

ft. 5

3
in.,includingpedestal,

found, in 1775, in
Ostia

at

used
p.
No.

as

175.
838.

bath.

This

figureis

excavation

place where

The

Mus.

it

This

in.

made

by

[was

found

Mr.

figure was

Gavin

had

Hamilton,

been

anciently

Ellis,T. G., I.,

595Harrison,

Marbles, II.,pi. 22.

No.

Friederichs,Bausteine, p. 342,
T.

(186.)Figure
over

an

ft. 7

the

from

Game

seated

holds up to his mouth

on

Group

of Two

Boys

of Knuckle-bones
the

ground and,

the forearm

of his

with

Quarrelling
[astragali].

both

hands

which
adversary,

98
he

is spare and
sinewy and bis
malicious expression.The hand of tbe

biting. His

is

has

countenance

bitten

form

adversary grasps
lie on

these knuckle-bones
is similar

boy

and
astragalus,
the ground. The

This

of the sleeve.

two

kind

; the

of

of tbe
a

coarse

is drawn

right arm

garment

of

more

dress

of slaves, a loose chiton of

that

short sleeves

with

material

to

an

out

called exomis, or

was

loss of the

modelled

companion figurein
greatly to be regretted,as what remains
with
great vigour, and the incident of

quarrel is

told with

idea

this

hetero-ma8chalo8. The
is

group

force which

dramatic

tbis
is
tbe

suggests tbe

Tbe
originalGreek work.
more
carefullystudied on the right side,
drapery seems
which
the front of the
makes
it probablethat this was
Pliny mentions a group of two boys playingwith
group.
as
astragali
being in his time in the Palace
by Polycletus,
of Titus.
found
From the coincidence that this figure
was
that

in the Baths

be

may

in the

of Titus

formerlythoughtto
of a
but it is clearly

an

be

copy

much

of Urban

time

of the work

later

date,and

of

arm

left arm,

wrist of

rightarm,

adversary to wrist,and

part underneath

the

of

both

was

Polycletus;
be ascribed

may

to the naturalistic school of the Macedonian

rations

VIIL, it

period,Bestofeet,tipof nose,

all the base

except

small

body.

Ht.,2 ft.,including
base,2 ft. 3 J in.; length 2 ft. llf in.; width
1 ft. 8$ in. It was
purchasedby Mr. Towneley from the Barberini

I.,p.

Mus. Marbles,II.,
T. G.,
Palace, in 1768.
pi.31. Ellis,
304.
A
rchaol.
102.
T.
Michaelis,
Zeitung,1867, p.

(187.)Head
been

called

of

Adonis, but
and

countenance,

features,mate
The
on

head-dress

each side

Atys;

the

the

the bust
the

very

restored.
"

It has also

pensive expressionof
feminine

attribution

character

of

the
the

Atys more
probabla
is a varietyof the Phrygian cap, having
the top of
strap fastened by a stringover
to

99

the

head, and
back

statue

unfinished, this head

is

in

Eestorations

niche.

curls.

in luxuriant

fall to the shoulders

tresses, which
the

flap behind, coveringthe long

broad

one

probably belongedto a
neck, shoulders,portion

part of cap.

of upper

11" in. Spec. Ant. Sculpt.,

II.,pi.17.
portion,
T. G., II.,
T.
Marbles,X., pi.4. Ellis,
p. 19.

Mus.

Ht. of ancient

(188.)Paniskos,
and

As

Youthful

or

of this

small horns

Pan.

The

"

that it

figureshow

pointedears
representsthe

forms a strong contrast to the

type of Pan, which
deity,of which an example
type of the same
goat-legged

human

is

these
It is convenient to distinguish
alreadydescribed.
types as Pan and JEgipan (Nos. 174-175). The human

in ancient art.
the
It occurs
on
rare
type is the more
several vases
coins of Arcadia, on
in the British Museum

Catalogue,Nos.

(seeVase

1,681),and
Eoom,
the

two

on

961*, 1,293, 1,434, 1,477, 1,549,

small

of

form

youthful athlete.

effeminate, like

more

Berlin, 1852, p. 87.) The

this statue was
made, Marcus
Lateran

support of this
is

head

p. 178, No.

downwards,

Civita
C.

185.

Lavinia.

I.,No.

Eom,

aus

artist

by

whom

Cerdo, is inscribed

Greek

letters. In
same

Bild. d. Lat.

the ruins

arms,

the

character.

Mus., 1867,

legs from

companion figure,
by
of the Villa

Mus.

knees

Grieksche

see
figure,

werken

Leyden,pi.1, fig.4.

en

Romeinsche
T.

Mr.

Gavin

of Antoninus

Marbles,II.,pi.43.
6,156. Harrison,No. 820.

Janssen's

in

Dionysos. (See

part of support.

found,with

Hamilton, in 1775, in
p.

in

art, his form

Nachlass

Cossutius

Eestorations:

was

of

said to be of the

base, and lower

It

later

of the

name

statue

of Pan

277).

Ht. 3 ft. 7 in.

near

that

and Schbne, Ant.

(See Benndorf

In

Faunus, in Archaol.

"Gerhard,Ueber

the

Bronze

to

p. 43, No. 33, and p. 52). In the earlier representations,

the coins of Arcadia,Pan is representedwith
as
on

becomes

on

(see Guide

bronzes

Pius,
T. G., I.,
Ellis,
For

Beelden

similar

en

Beeld-

100

(189.)Bacchus

Ambrosia.

figureassociated

female
the

and

of

moment

the trunk

round

with

In

"

Bacchus

her

transformation

of

tree.

this group,

is

into

the

represented at
vine, trained

This

physicalchange is as yet
the legs and thighshaving alreadysolidified
only partial,
into the trunk of the tree, and the body being overgrown
branches, leaves,and

with
and

arms

The
face
grapes of the vine.
The
hair is encircled with a

still human.

are

with

laden

vine- wreath

The

grapes.

transformation,

with
treated, presents analogies

here
she

representedat the moment

in the Villa Borghese at

is

statue

Combe, Bacchus

Daphne

of exfoliation
Eome.

This

in

as

the
was

group

formed
Ampelus,but the transfigureis certainlyfemale,whereas Ampelus was a
beautiful youth. It is probable,therefore,as Michaelis
suggests(Annali of Inst. Arch. Eom. XLIV. p. 258),that
the figurehere
representedis that of Ambrosia, who,
according to Nonnus
(Dionys.XXI. 1. 24), was
changed
into a vine.
She looks up at Bacchus, holding out in her
righthand a bunch of grapes towards the cup in the right
hand of the god. It should, however, be noted that the
rightarm and hand of Bacchus, togetherwith the cup it
for which
there is no authority,
holds, are restorations,
Bacchus
leans on her, placinghis left hand
affectionately

called

on

by

her

Mr.

that of

as

His

shoulder.

shoulders, is wreathed
his forehead
feet

are

of the

; a

and

hair, which
with

tree, and

A
a

small

broad

ivy; a

nebris is fastened

sandals.

flows

is

panther,with

to

diadem

his shoulders

on

lizard

down

running up
vine- wreath

his

crosses

; on

his

the trunk
round

its

shoulder, springs against it as if to steal the grapes.

Eestorations : the nose
of Ambrosia, and the rightarm, two-

fingersof

left

Ht. 4 ft.

10$

from

found.

hand, and left heel of Bacchus.

in.

Rome,
Mus.

Found,
where

in
the

1772,
Diana

at

La

Storta,about

eight miles

already described,No. 112, was

Marbles, III.,pi. 11. Ellis,T. G., I.,p. 298.

101

Clarac,pi.691, fig.-l,629.
Wieseler,Denkmiiler,pi.52, No.
Friederichs,
Bausteine,p. 467, No.
No.

371.

BStticher,Verzeichniss,

762.

T.

1,103.

(190.)Paniskos, nearlyidentical with No. 188, already

Marcus
described.
the name
In the inscription
of the artist,
that he was
Oossutius Cerdo, is given,with the statement
a
from the inscription
freedman
of Marcus, which
is omitted
the

on

companion

left foot,part of
Ht.

3 ft. 7 in.

rightfoot,and
Mus.

Her

of Relief

head, now

her

body

is turned

her

lower

limbs ;

broken
to the

left hand

but

rests

the forearm
Ht.

on

has been

right arm

by

Sir Wm.

arms,

nose,

C.

I.,No. 6,155.

T.

Ariadnfc

seated on a
[?],
looked to the right;

away, has
left. A peplosis wound

round

her bosom
(?),nebris,crosses
the right shoulder like a scarf.
the upper
ledgeof the rock. Her

advanced

is broken

1 ft. 4" in. ;

tipof

fawnskin

diagonally,
passing over
Her

base,

Marbles,II.,pi.33.

(191.)Fragment
rock.

Eestorations

statue.

length1
Temple.

(192.)Female

and

raised

from

the

elbow,

away.
ft. 1\ in.

Head,

Found

turned

at

Cams,

slightlyto

and

bequeathed

the

right.

The

sockets of the eyes are hollow, having been originally

other material in
filled in with preciousstones or some
imitation
in
and

falls in

Ht.

largetress

the head, and

the

lines of the hair

wavy

Nymph

The

is here

llf

in.

behind.
ears

are

the

over

Mus.

The

the forehead
the head

top of

fillet passes
pierced for earrings.
narrow

suggest the notion that

represented.Restoration
Marbles,XL, pi.13.

tipof

Water

the

T. G., II.,
Ellis,
p.

60.

nose.

T.

[Dionysos]. The god is here

six years old. The head is ivyfawnskin, nebris,
hangs from his shoulders,

(193.)Youthful Bacchus
representedas a boy about
wreathed.

hair, flowingfrom

lines,is gatheredup

long,wavy

round
The

of nature.

"

102

and is knotted
is restored

holdinga

as

in the

thyrsw,as

the stomach-

over

bunch

of grapes,

held

have

may

figureof

of the small bronze

case

which

righthand,

The

Bacchus

Temple Collection,which corresponds in several

respectswith this statue, though representingthe god at
advanced
a
more
period of boyhood. The left hand is
For similar figures
where,
elserestored as holding a wine cup*
see
Clarac, pi.674, figg.1,561,1,564,1,567 ; pi.687,
fig.1,608. Eestorations : arms, feet,left knee-cap,points
the

in

of

of fawnskin.

hoofs
ivy-leaves,

Found

Ht. 3 ft. J in.

Antoninus

No.

of

the

side,which,

body

stood

sustained

from

some

Venus

as

by

have

must

is shown

by

and

elsewhere

column,

The

the

283),the motive
right thigh is

been

leg,and

the hand

or

other

the bent
no

the

on

action of the

was,

of

vanced,
ad-

forward, and

bent

little behind

placed a
the left

on

The

clearlyseen.

same

right arm,
limb

the

doubt, partially

support, on

which

the left

in marble
and
replicas
of this type indicates
that they are all derived
which
celebrated
statue
probably represented
number

at the moment

of

of extant

undressingfor

the bath

finelymodelled, but the surface has

from overpolishing.The socket shows
carved on t of a separate pieceof marble.
is

Ht.

several statuettes

Museum

littleraised to meet

been

rested.

in bronze

the

II.,pi. 26, No.

right knee

rightfoot
have

in

her

Guide, p. 53, No. 1 ; Friederichs,

343-4; Visconti,Opere Varie, L, pi. 8;

will be

must

Harrison,

34.

Boom

Bronze

torso

arm

By referringto

in this attitude

Bausteine, pp.
Wieseler, Denkmaler,

the

of

Marbles, 'XI., pi.

Caldesi,No.

[Aphrodite]Fastening

Venus

Periscelis."

or

Mus.

Lavinia.

of Villa

ruins

T.

836.

of Venus

this

Hamilton, in

Gavin

Civita

Pius,near

(194.)Torso

(see

Mr.

Clarac, pi. 674, fig.1,562.

38.

Sandal

by

1 ft. 1 in.

Purchased

from

somewhat

This

torso

suffered

that the head

Cavaceppi,the sculptor,at

was

Rome.

103

Ellis,T. G., I.,p.

Marbles, XL, pi. 20.
zu
pi. 622, fig.1,406. Kekule, Kunst-museum
No.

This

316a.

type

d. Inst. Arch.

Annali

occurs

on

Rom.

leaden

1864,

345,

p.

of a Dionysiac
Fragment
(195.),
two Satyrsseated back to back
them
is part of a stele,
or
pilaster.The
is beardless

he leans back

broken

rock

between

Satyr-onthe right
the rock

upon

looks up to the right; his rightarm, now

the feet of
has been raised towards
a figure,

away,

which

remain, restingon

the left is seated

his

left,leaningon
of the

strewn

seated

on

the
Ht.

on

the

His

towards

left arm,

The

naked.

Satyrs are

panther's,the other

rock.

the left

Behind

broken

now

the left

objecton

some

Satyr
to the

looks up

rock, and

rightelbow.

Both

scene.

right is

on

lower

The

rock.

high ledge of

extended

has been

away,

on

on

presents
re-

him, and

below

on

T.

10.

Relief, which

his left hand

on

Bonn, p. 83,,
See Salinas,

seal.
No.

Claras

205.

Mus.

on

one
a

the

on

lion's skin,
the

thigh of

figure

rightis drapery.
1 ft.

5"

described,No.
in

formed

ft.

length3

in. ;

part of

191,

this and

Both
found

were

at

the

Cumae,

fragment of
and

relief

the

from

semblance
re-

^tyle and subjectit is probablethat they both

a larger
composition.Bequeathed by Sir William

Temple.

[?]."This figure,which is.

rather smaller than life,
is seated on the ground,supported
her left hand, while her righthand is extended forward*
on
which
She wears
a
chiton,
droops from the left shoulder,
(196.)Nymph

of

Diana

leaving the breast exposed. On

lies a bow
terminating at one
To
base

obtain

relief for this

has been

supposedthat
and
-

action of the

end

bow, the

reduced, and,
the bow

the

is

figureat

on

base,which

antique,

Gryphon's head.
surface of theoriginal
in

this account, it has

later addition.
once

is

The

suggest that she

been

position
was

re-

presentedplayingat the game of knuckle-bones, a8tragaliT

the original
tali. The right hand being a restoration,
or
"

104
action of it cannot
other

compared with

ascertained,but when

be

such
astragalizusce,

the

as

in the Colonna

one

Palace

that in the Louvre, this

figureexhibits bo
the
as to make
strikinga resemblance in the composition,
motive here assignedmore
probablethan any other. The
of the game
of astragali
to have been
seems
representation
favourite subjectin ancient art.
a
a
Pliny mentions
celebrated group in bronze, by Polycletus,
of two
boys,
female
astragalizowtes
figuresengaged in the game
; and
but also in two
not only in sculpture,
terraoottas
occur
at

Borne, and

in the Museum
Part
on

(seeGuide

Collection

to Second

II. p. 28, No. 218, and p. 96, No.

marble
and
from Herculaneum;
Collection.

Temple

(See Guide to
10.) Bestorations

Vase

2); in

painting

vase

on

Vase

Second

Boom,
the

in

Boom,

head, left shoulder,

Part

I. p. 4, No.

both

of
feet,righthand, and wrist,and parts of the fingers

left hand.
This

figureand

similar to it

one

the Villa
site

Yerospi,near
supposedto have
of Sallust.

with

marbles

these statues

which

Ht., includingbase, 2
1 ft.
181.

11|

Harrison,No.

diadem

Bestorations
Ht. 1 ft.

of
and

the

Obtained

XL, pi. 7.
324.

J.

of

these
fountain

statues

were

mented
richlyorna-

mosaics, to the decoration

of

contributed.

have

length of base 2 ft. 6 in. ; width

Marbles, II.,pi. 28.
Ellis,T. G., I.,p.
819.
Cavaceppi,Raccolta d' Antiche Statue,

T.

(197.)Head
a

on

ft. 1 in. ;

Mus.

in.

I.,pi. 60.

with

spot where

and

may

in 1766, in

part of the magnificent

gardens

formed

the remains

discovered, were

found

Salarian Gate, at Borne,

the

the

On

were

Diana

[Artemis]. The

tied in

tipof

"

the

at Rome

Spec. Ant.

knot
nose

on

and

the

hair is bound

top of the head.

part of the chin.

Mus. Marbles,
by Mr. Gavin Hamilton.
T. G.,I.,
Sculpt.,I.,pi. 48. Ellis,
p.

105

(198.)Ariadnfe
Libera, but

This figurehas
[?]."

the

probable. She wears

reachingto
diploidion
of the bosom

centre

with

is wreathed

at her feet is

up

and
to

the

and

hips;

the

over

its hind

bunch

the

her head

shoulders;

ing
legsand look-

is the

end

of

belt is unusual,

The

of grapes.

is

crosses

fall to her

her; in her right hand

her left

which

rightshoulder

tresses

more

seems

belt

transverse

panther,standingon

chosen

also called

talario chiton, over

ivy; long

towards

in
thyrsus,

here

attribution

been

suggests the idea that the body of this figurebelonged

of Diana, with her quiver hanging from her
statue

belongs to the
right shoulder,but, as the head certainly
figure,this is out of ihe question. The compositionof
the drapery is simple and dignified.Eestorations : right
from above
the elbow, left wrist,tipof nose, head of
arm
panther.
Ht. 5 ft. 1 in.

Found

by

Gavin

Hamilton, in 1776, near

Rome,
Vecchia, on the road to Frascati. Mus.

Mr.

place called Roma

T. G., I.,p.
Marbles,X., pi.23. Ellis,

at

215.

T.

Hercules
wreathed
of Young
(199.)Head
[Herakles],
with poplar;the ears bruised, as is usual in representations
is fastened at the back by two
of Hercules
; the wreath

ribbons,lemnisci,the

broad

shoulder.

similar

this in

to

described

fall

feminine

hence

than

head

for Bacchus.

finest condition.

each

on

CapitolineMuseum

mistaken

is in the

Ht. 1 ft. 4J in.

family.

Found

Mus.

(200.) Relief
"

the

which

is
actly
ex-

(Mus.
The

head

Eestoration:

of the ribbons.

one

Apollo.

been

more

Hercules, and

with

Cap.,I.,pi.87) has
part of

of

type of features is

The

usually associated

here

ends

On

holding up

Genzano,

in the

Marbles,II.,
pi.46.

Representing

grounds of

Harrison,No.
a

Votive

the

830.

Cesarini
T.

Offering to
the omphalos,

right,the god is seated on

righthand in an impressivemanner.

the

his

near

The

106

objectheld up in this Land has boon broken away.

mantle is wrapped round his body, leavingthe right arm
"and shoulder

bare; he

three

mortals,clad in Boman

to be

approachingas

and

who, from

father and
female

two

sandals.

wears

if to consult

Between

sons.

them

and

god
one

sleeves,over
a talaric chiton with
god wears
hangs from the back of her
diploidion
; a peplos
The

other

wears

talaric chiton and

two

are

stand

the

her back.

appear

Apollo,
probably a

Apollo. The

towards

are

of

are

the

left

who

the Oraole

who
figures,of colossal proportions,

front,their heads turned

the

militaryarmour,

difference of stature,

the

On

to the
neatest

which
head

is a

down

diploidion,

brought up over her head like a veil.

She holds a box containing
incense in her left hand.
They
the forehead.
These two figures
both wear
a stephane
over
are
thought to be Latona and Diana, whose worship was
associated with that of Apollo. The relief is set in a recess
of cornice,
and above it runs
two pilasters,
between
a kind
which
is apparentlyintended to representthe ornamental
the back

is

of which

faces of roof-tiles.

This

architectural frame

to the relief

probablyindicates the temple which contained the oracular

shrine.
(Compare the frame of the relief in Welcker, Alte
Denkmaler, II.,pi.ix. 15, p. 173.) On the base are the
remains of a dedication to Apollo,in elegiac
verse.
by 1 ft. 7} in. Presented by the Duke of Bedford
T. G.,
Mus. Marbles,II.,
to Mr. Towneley,in 1805.
pi.5 ; Ellis,
C. I.,No. 1,946. Cavaceppi,
II.,p. 135 ; and for the inscription,
Raccolta d' Antiche Statue,III.,
pi.1. T.

Length 2

ft. 7| in.

as a winged infant
[Hypnos]represented
(201.)Somnus
the symbol of
asleep; in his righthand, poppies,
reclining,
the god of sleep. His head
rests on an
amphora, in the
mouth
of which
a
pipe has been fixed. This aperture

shows

that the

statue

gentlyflowingunder

served
the head

as

fountain.

of the

The

water

figureis suggestive

107
of the calm
to

deep sleepof infancy. A

this, in the Pembroke

Collection

similar

figurevery

House, is

Wilton

at

engraved by Clarac (pi.678a, fig.1,567a), where

This
wrongly described as a sleepingBacchus.
figureholds

right hand

in the

cantharus,while

therefore,be

diota; it may,

rests

on

with

the attributes of Bacohus

latter

his head

sleepingCupid

it is described

as

it is

(Newton,
112). For

Sculpturesat Wilton House, No.

The
other examples of this type, see Clarac,pll.761, 761b.
pll.643, 644,'644a) is difficult
type of Cupid asleep(ibid.,
from this infantine type of Somnus.
to distinguish
Notes

the

on

Length

ft. 11

p. 520, No.

(202.)Head
The

Found

in.

A. B.

825.

turned
[Aphrodite],

of Venus

hair, parted in the middle

with

diadem

forehead
head

and

the

; two

tresses

fastened

rest

Botticher,Verzeichniss,

Tarsus.

at

of the

in

drawn

knot

forehead, is bound

of the

are

hair, drawn

the left.

to

back

from

the

over

the

of the

crown

from

back

over

the

temples

in rich wavy
lines, is tied at the back of the head, the
ends of the tresses having been left free to fall down
the
neck

but this portionhas

probably belonged
part of lower lip.
Ht.

Formerly in
Marbles,XI., pi.8.

13 in.

(203.)Head
advanced
Ht.

to

been

the

Collection

of Sir Wm.

T. G., I.,p.
Ellis,

of Hercules
:

Bequeathed by

away.

Restorations

statue.

life. Eestorations

1 ft. 8" in.

broken

This

head

nose

and

Hamilton.

Mus.

324.

bearded, and
[Herakles],
nose, rightear, and bust.
R.

P.

in

T. G.,I.,
Knight, Esq. Ellis,

p. 332.

(204.)Head
hair

The
[Herakles]."
is short and curly,and grows
head
uprightfrom the foreconcealed
; the head is encircled by a diadem, partially
of Youthful

Hercules

108

the hair

under

the

ears

are

bruised and

broken, which, as

has

alreadybeen remarked,was the characteristic of ancient

This head represents
a very fine type of Hercules,
pugilists.
which was
probablyintroduced in the Macedonian period.
Eestorations : neck and bust, nose, edge of left ear, small
from righteyebrow.
portionof hair above same ear, splinter
The surface generally
is in fine condition.
Ht.

1 ft. 9 J in.

III.,
pi.12.

LONDON:

PRINTED

From

the

Barberini

T. G., I.,p.
Ellis,

BY

WILLIAM
AXD

CLOWES
CHABIXO

Palace, Rome.

327.

AXD

CBOSS.

Mus.

T.

30X8,

STAMFORD

STRBBT

Marbles,