Contents

No.
1

Topic Name
Lines and Angles

Page No.
1

Triangles

34

Congruence of Triangles

66

Circle

104

Quadrilaterals

136

Co-ordinate Geometry

175

Geometric Constructions

202

Trigonometry

224

Mensuration

248

10

Question Bank

284

Std. IX

Geometry
Mr. Biju Babu
(B.E Prod.)

Salient Features:
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Written as per the new textbook.

Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus.
Precise theory for every topic.
Covers answers to all textual exercises and problem set.
Comprehensive solution to Question Bank.
Constructions drawn with accurate measurements.
Attractive layout of the content.
Self evaluative in nature.

Target PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD.

Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tel: 022 6551 6551
Website : www.targetpublications.in
www.targetpublications.org
email : mail@targetpublications.in

Std. IX
Geometry

Target Publications Pvt Ltd.

Second Edition : March 2012

Price : ` 160/-

Printed at:
India Printing Works
42, G.D. Ambekar Marg,
Wadala,
Mumbai 400 031

Published by

Target PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD.

Shiv Mandir Sabagriha,
Mhatre Nagar, Near LIC Colony,
Mithagar Road,
Mulund (E),
Mumbai - 400 081
Off.Tel: 022 6551 6551
email: mail@targetpublications.in

PREFACE
Geometry is the mathematics of properties, measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles,
surfaces and solids. It is widely used in the fields of science, engineering, computers, architecture etc. It
is a vast subject dealing with the study of properties, definitions, theorems, areas, perimeter, angles,
triangles, mensuration, co-ordinates, constructions etc.
The study of Geometry requires a deep and intrinsic understanding of concepts. Hence to ease this task
we bring to you Std. IX: Geometry a complete and thorough guide critically analysed and
extensively drafted to boost the students confidence. The question answer format of this book helps the
student to understand and grasp each and every concept thoroughly. The book is based on the new text
book and covers the entire syllabus. It contains answers to textual exercises, problems sets and Question
bank. All the diagrams are neat and have proper labelling. The book has a unique feature that all the
constructions are as per the scale. Another feature of the book is its layout which is attractive and inspire
the students to read.
There is always room for improvement and hence we welcome all suggestions and regret any error that
may have occurred in the making of this book.
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Publisher

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

01

LINES AND ANGLES

BasicGeometry
A point, a line and a plane are undefined terms which are basic concepts in geometry.
i.
Lines and planes are set of points.
ii.
Each line and each plane contain infinite number of points.
Axioms / Postulates:
The simple properties which we accept as true are called Axioms or postulates.
The terms or statements whose proofs are not to be asked are called axioms.

OR

Theorem
Important and useful results derived from the axioms are called theorems.
The statements we prove from the axioms are called theorems.

OR

Euclids five postulates:

1.
A straight line can be drawn from any point to any other point.
2.
A terminated line can be produced indefinitely.
3.
A circle can be drawn with any centre and any radius.
4.
All right angles are equal to one another.
5.
If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together
less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which
the angles taken together are less than two right angles.
OR
Two distinct intersecting lines cannot be parallel to the same line.
Some Axioms
1.

Infinite number of lines can be drawn through a given point.

P

2.

There is one and only one line passing through two distinct points.

3.

When two distinct lines intersect, their intersection is exactly one point.

P
m
4.

There is exactly one plane passing through three non-collinear points.

C
B
5.

There is exactly one plane passing through a line and a point, not on the line.

Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry
6.

TARGET Publications

There is exactly one plane passing through two distinct intersecting lines.
m

7.

When two planes intersect, their intersection is exactly one line.

8.

When a line intersects a plane but does not lie in it, then their intersection is a point.

E
P

9.

A line containing two given points of a plane lies wholly in that plane.
Q

Collinear points, non-collinear points, parallel planes

Collinear points: If there exists a line containing all the given points, then
those points are called collinear points.
Points A, B, C are collinear points.

1.

Non collinear points: If there does not exist a line containing all the given
points, then those points are called non-collinear points.
Points A, B, C are non collinear points.

2.

B
C

Coplanar lines: Lines which lie in the same plane are called coplanar lines.
line and line m are coplanar lines.

3.

Non-coplanar lines: Lines which do not lie in the same plane are called noncoplanar lines.
line and line m are non-coplanar lines.

4.

m
m
Concurrent lines: If three or more lines pass through one point, then the
lines are called concurrent lines.
(Note: The common point of intersection is called point of concurrence)

5.

n
o
P

Lines and Angles

TARGET Publications

6.

Std. IX - Geometry

Parallel lines: The lines in a plane which are not intersecting are called
parallel lines.
line || line m.

D
7.

Parallel planes: Two non-intersecting planes are said to be parallel planes.

Plane ABCD and plane PQRS are parallel planes.

B
S

R
Q

Exercise1.1
1.

Take any three non-collinear points A, B, C on a paper. How many lines in all can you draw through
different pairs of the points? Name the lines.
C
Solution:
i.
We can draw three lines through three non collinear points A, B and C.
ii.
The lines are line AB, line BC and line AC.
B

A
2.

Take four points P, Q, R, S in a plane. Draw lines by joining different pairs of points. How many lines
can you draw in the following cases?
i.
No three points are collinear.
ii.
Three of these points are collinear.
S
Solution:
R
i.
We can draw six lines (line PQ, line QR, line SR, line PS, line
QS and line PR).
Q

P
ii.

We can draw four lines (line PR, line PS, line QS, line SR).

P
3.
Observe the given figure and write the sets of all the points which are collinear.
Solution:
P
S
Set of collinear points are
i.
P, S, T, Q
F
ii.
P, F, R, B
iii. A, F, S, D
R
A
iv. A, R, E, Q
v.
B, E, T, D
Lines and Angles

R
D
T
Q
E
B

Std. IX - Geometry
4.

TARGET Publications

Observe the given figure and answer the following:

i.
Name the lines parallel to the line AB.
ii.

Can you say that line AD and the point R lie in the same plane? Why?

iii.

Are the points A, S, B, R coplanar? Why?

iv.

Name the three planes passing through point A.

v.

Name the points such that the plane containing them does not
contain points P, Q, C and D.

Solution:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

C
V

line DC, line PQ and line SR are parallel to line AB.

Yes, line AD and point R lie in the same plane.
[There is exactly one plane passing through a line and a point not on it (axiom)]
Yes, points A, S, B, R are coplanar (since these points are contained in the plane ASRB)
Planes passing through point A are plane APSD, plane APQB and plane ABCD.
Points A, S, R, B, V (reason: Plane containing points P, Q, C and D is plane PQCD and it does not
contain points A, S, R, B, V).

Coordinatesofapointand
Distance
Co-ordinates of a point

The real number associated with a point on the number line is called
as the co-ordinate of that point.
Co-ordinate of point P is 1 and that of point B is 2.

A B C

3 2 1

Distance between two points

If x and y are the co-ordinates of point P and Q respectively, then the distance between P and Q is defined as the
absolute value of the difference between the number associated with those points.
P
y

Q
x
(x > y)

If

P
Q
x
y
(x < y)

x y d(P, Q) = x y
x y d(P, Q) = y x
d(P, Q) = | x y |
Thus, distance between any two distinct points is a unique non-negative real number.

Betweenness,segmentandray
Betweenness:
If points P,Q and R are three distinct collinear points and if
d(P, Q) + d(Q, R) = d(P, R), then the point Q is said to be between points P and R,
written as P-Q-R or R-Q-P.

Lines and Angles

TARGET Publications

Std. IX - Geometry

Line segment:
The set consisting of points A and B and all the points between A and B is called
segment AB, written as seg AB.

Note:
i.
seg AB and seg BA denote the same line segment.
ii.
The points A and B are called the end points of seg AB.
iii. The line segment is a subset of a line.
Length of a line segment:
The distance between the end points of a line segment is called as the length of the segment.
It is denoted by (AB).
Note:
AB = (AB) = d(A, B).
Congruent segments:
Two line segments are said to be congruent, if they are of the same length.

If (AB) = (CD), then seg AB seg CD.

Note:
i.

If we have to consider the length of segment AB, we write (AB) or AB.

ii.

If we have to consider the set of points between A and B, we write seg AB or

side AB.

Properties of Congruent Segments:

i.
Reflexivity: seg AB seg AB (Every segment is congruent to itself).
ii.
Symmetry: If seg AB seg CD, then seg CD seg AB.
iii. Transitivity: If seg AB seg CD and seg CD seg PQ, then seg AB seg PQ.
Midpoint of a segment:
The point M is said to be the midpoint of seg AB, if A-M-B and d(A, M) = d(M, B).
Note: Every line segment has one and only one midpoint.
1

AM = BM = AB
2
Comparison of segments:
Suppose seg AB and seg CD are given. If AB < CD, then we say seg AB is smaller
than seg CD.
This is denoted by seg AB < seg CD.
Ray:
Suppose A and B are two points, then set of all points of seg AB together with all the
points P on the line AB for which B is between A and P is called ray AB.

B
C

Note: Point A is called as the origin of ray AB.

The ray is a subset of a line.
Opposite rays:
Two rays which lie on a line having only the origin in common are called opposite
rays.
ray OA and ray OB are opposite rays.
Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

Exercise1.2
1.

Observe the number line in the figure and answer the following questions.
E D

C B

A O

5 4 3 2 1

P Q R S

i.
Write the co-ordinates of the points C, S, Q, D.
ii.
Name the points whose co-ordinates are 4, 5, 0, 2.
iii. Find d(Q, T), d(E, B), d(O, C), d(O, R).
iv. Name the points which are at a distance of 4 from point 0.
Solution:
i.
Co-ordinates of the points C, S, Q, D are 3, 4, 2 and 4 respectively.
ii.
The points whose co-ordinates are 4, 5, 0, 2 are S, T, O, B respectively.
iii.
a. d(Q, T)
Co-ordinate of point Q is 2 and co-ordinate of point T is 5.
2<5

d(Q, T) = 5 2

b.

c.

iv.

d(Q, T) = 3
d(E, B)
Co-ordinate of point E is 5 and co-ordinate of point B is 2.
2 > 5
d(E, B) = 2 (5) = 2 + 5 = 3
d(E, B) = 3

d(O, C)
Co-ordinate of point O is 0 and co-ordinate of point C is 3.
0 > 3
d(O, C) = 0 (3) = 0 + 3

d(O, C) = 3

d.

d(O, R)
Co-ordinate of point O is 0 and co-ordinate of point R is 3.
3>0
d(O, R) = 3 0

d(O, R) = 3

There are two possibilities:

a.
The point can be towards the positive side i.e. point S [since d(O, S) = 4 0 = 4].
b.
The point can be towards the negative side i.e. point D [since d(O, D) = 0 (4) = 0 + 4 = 4].

2.

The co-ordinates of two points P and Q are x and y respectively. Find d(P, Q) in the following cases.
i.
x = 7, y = 10
ii.
x = 2, y = 11
iii. x = 8, = y = 3 iv. x = 5, y = 9
Solution:
i.
Co-ordinate of point P is x = 7.
Co-ordinate of point Q is y = 10.
10 > 7

d(P, Q) = 10 7 = 3

d(P, Q) = 3
Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

Co-ordinate of point P is x = 2.
Co-ordinate of point Q is y = 11.
11 > 2
d(P, Q) = 11 (2) = 11 + 2 = 13

d(P, Q) = 13

iii.

Co-ordinate of point P is x = 8.
Co-ordinate of point Q is y = 3.
3 > 8
d(P, Q) = 3 (8) = 3 + 8 = 5

d(P, Q) = 5

iv.

Co-ordinate of point P is x = 5.
Co-ordinate of point Q is y = 9.
5 > 9
d(P, Q) = 5 (9) = 5 + 9 = 14

d(P, Q) = 14

ii.

3.

In each of the following, decide whether the relation of betweenness exists among the points A, B and
D. Name the point which lies between the other two.
i.
d(A, B) = 5, d(B, D) = 8, d(A, D) = 11
ii.
d(A, B) = 11, d(B, D) = 6, d(A, D) = 5
iii. d(A, B) = 2, d(B, D) = 15, d(A, D) = 17
Solution:
i.
d(A, B) + d(B, D) = 5 + 8 = 13
d(A, D) = 11

d(A, B) + d(B, D) d(A, D)

The relation of betweeness does not exist among the points A, B & D.
ii.

iii.

4.

d(B, D) + d(A, D) = 6 + 5 = 11
d(A, B) = 11
d(B, D) + d(A, D) = d(A, B)
The relation of betweeness exists among the points A, B and D such that point D lies between A & B.
d(A, B) + d(B, D) = 2 + 15 = 17
d(A, D) = 17
d(A, B) + d(B, D) = d(A, D)
The relation of betweeness exists among the points A, B and D such that point B lies between A & D.
Draw the figure according to the given information and answer the questions.
i.
When A-B-C, (AC) = 12, (BC) = 7.5, then (AB) = ?
ii.

When R-S-T, (ST) = 3.75, (RS) = 2.15, then (RT) = ?

iii.

When X-Y-Z, (XZ) = 5 2 , (XY) = 2 2 , then (YZ) = ?

Solution: A
i.

7.5
12
(AB) + (BC) = (AC)

(AB) + 7.5 = 12

(AB) = 12 7.5

(AB) = 4.5

Lines and Angles

C
----- (A-B-C)

Std. IX - Geometry
ii.
R

S
2.15
3.75
(RS) + (ST) = (RT)

iii.

TARGET Publications

2.15 + 3.75 = (RT)

(RT) = 5.90

2 2

5 2
(XY) + (YZ) = (XZ)

2 2 + (YZ) = 5 2

(YZ) = 5 2 2 2

(YZ) = 3 2

5.

----- (R-S-T)

Z
----- (X-Y-Z)

In the adjoining figure, (LN) = 5, (MN) = 7, (ML) = 6, (NP) = 11, (MR) = 13,
P

(MQ) = 2, then find (PL), (NR), (LQ).

Solution:
(PL) + (LN) = (PN)

(PL) + 5 = 11

(PL) = 11 5

(PL) = 6

(MN) + (NR) = (MR)

7 + (NR) = 13

(NR) = 13 7

(NR) = 6

(LM) + (MQ) = (LQ)

----- (P-L-N)
Q

------ (L-M-Q)

6 + 2 = (LQ)
(LQ) = 8

seg AC, then determine whether the segments in each of the

following pairs are congruent or not.
i.
seg BC and seg DE
ii.
seg AB and seg CD.
Solution:
seg BD seg CE seg AC
------ (Given)

P
A

Q
S

(BD) = (CE) = (AC) = 8

(AB) + (BC) = (AC)

------ (M-N-R)

In the adjoining figure, (AC) = 8, (BC) = 5, Seg BD seg CE

6.

------ (A-B-C)

(AB) + 5 = 8
Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

(AB) = 8 5

(AB) = 3

------ (i)

(BC) + (CD) = (BD)

----- (B-C-D)

5 + (CD) = 8

(CD) = 8 5

(CD) = 3

------ (ii)

(CD) + (DE) = (CE)

----- (C-D-E)

3 + (DE) = 8

(DE) = 8 3

(DE) = 5

------ (iii)

(BC) = (DE)

------ [From given and (iii)]

seg BC seg DE
(AB) = (CD)

------ [From (i) and (ii)]

seg AB seg CD

7.

The co-ordinates of the points on the number line are as follows.

Points
Co-ordinates

P
3

Q
5

R
2

S
7

T
9

Find the lengths of: seg PQ, seg PR, seg PS, seg PT, seg QR, seg QS, seg QT, seg RS, seg RT, seg ST.
Solution:
i.
Co-ordinate of point P is 3 and co-ordinate of point Q is 5.
5 > 3

d(P, Q) = 5 (3) = 5 + 3 = 8

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

(seg PQ) = 8

Co-ordinate of point P is 3 and co-ordinate of point R is 2.

2 > 3
d(P, R) = 2 (3) = 2 + 3 = 5
(seg PR) = 5

Co-ordinate of point P is 3 and co-ordinate of point S is 7.

3 > 7
d(P, S) = 3 (7) = 3 + 7 = 4
(seg PS) = 4

Co-ordinate of point P is 3 and co-ordinate of point T is 9.

9 > 3
d(P, T) = 9 (3) = 9 + 3 = 12
(seg PT) = 12

Co-ordinate of point Q is 5 and co-ordinate of point R is 2.

5>2
d(Q, R) = 5 2 = 3
(seg QR) = 3

Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry
vi.

vii.

TARGET Publications

Co-ordinate of point Q is 5 and co-ordinate of point S is 7.

5>7
d(Q, S) = 5 (7) = 5 + 7 =12
(seg QS) = 12
Co-ordinate of point Q is 5 and co-ordinate of point T is 9.
9>5
d(Q, T) = 9 5 = 4
(seg QT) = 4

viii. Co-ordinate of point R is 2 and co-ordinate of point S is 7.

2 > 7

d(R, S) = 2(7) = 2 + 7 = 9

ix.

x.

(seg RS) = 9

Co-ordinate of point R is 2 and co-ordinate of point T is 9.

9>2
d(R, T) = 9 2 = 7
(seg RT) = 7

Co-ordinate of Point S is 7 and co-ordinate of Point T is 9.

9>7
d(S, T) = 9 (7) = 9 + 7 = 16
(seg ST) = 16

8.
If P is the midpoint of seg AB and AB = 7 cm, find AP.
Solution:
P is the midpoint of seg AB.
1

AP = AB
----- (By definition)
2
1

AP = 7
2

AP = 3.5 cm

9.
If Q is the midpoint of seg CD and d(C,Q) = 4.5, find the length of CD.
Solution:
Q is the midpoint of seg CD.
CD = 2(CQ)
----- (By definition)

CD = 2 4.5

(CD) = 9

10. If AB = 7 cm, BP = 4 cm, AP = 5.4 cm, compare the segments.

Solution:
AB = 7 cm, BP = 4 cm, AP = 5.4 cm
7 > 5.4 > 4

seg AB > seg AP > seg BP.

10

Lines and Angles

TARGET Publications

11.

Std. IX - Geometry
A

In the figure, length of the segments are shown. Write the congruent segments.

Solution:
AB = AC = 5 cm

seg AB seg AC
BC = DE = 5.5 cm

seg BC seg DE
CD = CE = 4 cm

seg CD seg CE.

5 cm

5 cm
B

4 cm
5.5 cm C
4 cm

D
5.5 cm

Planeseparationaxiomandangles
Plane separation axiom:
Given a line in a plane, the points in the plane that do not lie on the line form
disjoint sets H1 and H2.
Each set H1 and H2 is called a half plane and the line is called the edge of the half
plane.
If P is any point in any of the half plane, then that half plane is called as the
P side of the half plane.
Angle:
An angle is the union of two non-collinear rays having the same origin.
The origin is called the vertex of the angle.
Each ray is known as the arm or side of the angle.
An angle is obtained by rotating a ray about its origin.
Measure of an angle:
The amount of rotation of the ray from its initial position to the terminal
position is called the measure of the angle.
mAOB =

H1
P

H2

A
B

Directed angle:
The ordered pair of rays (ray OA, ray OB) together with rotation of ray OA
to occupy the position of ray OB is called directed angle AOB, denoted by
AOB.

In the ordered pair (ray OA, ray OB), the first element ray OA is called
initial arm and second element ray OB is called terminal arm.

Initial arm

O
B

Note:The directed angle BOA is not the same as directed angle AOB.
BOA AOB
Positive angle:
Anticlockwise directional movement of ray OA about O is regarded as positive angle.
AOB is a positive angle.
Negative angle:
Clockwise directional movement of ray OA about O is regarded as negative angle.
AOB is a negative angle.

O
O

Initial arm

Initial arm

B
Lines and Angles

11

Std. IX - Geometry
System of measuring an angle:
There are two systems of measuring an angle.
i.
Sexagesimal system (Degree measure)
i.

TARGET Publications

ii.

Circular system (Radian measure)

Sexagesimal system (Degree measure)

The unit of measurement of angle is degree.

1 th

part of a complete rotation is one degree, denoted by 1.

360
1 th
part of a degree is called one minute, denoted by 1'.
60

1 th
part of a minute is called one second, denoted by 1''.
60
1 = 60'
1' = 60''
Note: 90 = 89 59' 60''
180 = 179 59' 60''
Minutes and seconds used in angle measurement are different from those used in time measurement.

One complete rotation:

Suppose an intial arm OA is rotated about its end point O in the
anticlockwise direction and takes final position OA again for the first
time, then ray OA is said to have formed one complete rotation.

Note: The angle traced during one complete rotation in anticlockwise direction is 360.
The angle traced during two complete rotations in the anticlockwise direction is 2 360 = 720 and so on.
Zero angle:
If there is not rotation of initial ray OA, then the directed angle so
formed is called a zero angle, i.e. the amount of rotation of ray OA about
point O is zero.
Reflex angle:
If the initial ray OA rotates about O in the anticlockwise direction and
takes final position OB before coinciding the ray OA again, such that its
degree measure lie between 180 and 360 then we get the directed angle
which is called a reflex angle.
Co-terminal angle:
The directed angles of different measures having same position of initial
ray and terminal ray are called co-terminal angles. There are infinitely
many of directed angles co-terminal with a given directed angles. The
measures of co-terminal directed angles differ by an integral multiple of
360.
Perpendicularity:
The two lines are said to be perpendicular to each other when a right
angle is formed at the point of intersection of the two lines.
line AB line CD

12

B
A

A
B
B

O 40

400

C
A O

B
D

Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

Perpendicularity of segments and rays:

Two rays or two segments or a ray and a segment are said to be perpendicular to each other, if the lines containing
them are perpendicular.

C
A

C
B

D
ray OC ray OB

B
D

seg CD seg AB

D
line CD ray OB

Note: Point O is called as the foot of the perpendicular drawn from a Point C to line AB.
Congruent angles:
If the measures of two angles are equal, then the angles are called
congruent angles.
Since, mABC = mPQR
B

ABC PQR

30

30

C Q

Properties of congruent angles:

i.
Reflexivity: ABC ABC (Every angle is congruent to itself).
ii.
Symmetry: If ABC PQR, then PQR ABC.
iii
Transitivity: If ABC PQR and PQR XYZ, then ABC XYZ.
Inequality of angles:
A
If the measure of one of the angles is greater than that of the other,
then that angle is said to be greater than the other.
110
since, mABC > mPQR
ABC > PQR

60

50
B

Right angle:
If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is called a right angle.

Obtuse angle:
If the measure of an angle is greater than 90, then it is called an
obtuse angle.

Types of angles
Acute angle:
If the measure of an angle is less than 90, then it is called an acute
angle.

A
110
O

Straight angle:
If the measure of an angle is 180, then it is called a straight angle.

are disjoint.

Lines and Angles

Adjacent angles:
Two angles are called adjacent angles, if they have a common side and their interiors

AOB and COB are adjacent angles.

13

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

Angles in a linear pair:

Two adjacent angles are said to form a linear pair of angles, if their non-common sides
form a pair of opposite rays.
AOB and AOC form angles in a linear pair.

Note:

Sum of the measures of the angles in a linear pair is 180.

mAOB + mAOC = 180
Vertically opposite angles:
Two angles are called vertically opposite angles, if their sides form two pairs of
opposite rays.
AOD and BOC, AOC and BOD form pairs of vertically opposite angles.

A
O

Complementary angles:
A
If the sum of the measures of the two angles is 90, then these angles are called
30
complementary angles.
mAOB + mPQR = 90.

O
Supplementary angles:
If the sum of the measures of the two angles is 180, then these angles are called
supplementary angles.
mAOB + mPQR = 180
B

P
B
60

A
120
O

60
Q

Exercise1.3
1.

Answer the following questions and justify.

i.
Can two acute angles be complement to each other?
Solution:
Yes, consider two acute angles 30 and 60. Their sum is 90.
ii.
Can two obtuse angles be complement to each other?
Solution:
No, consider two obtuse angles (greater than 90) each. Their sum is also greater than 90 (not 90).
iii. Can two right angles be complement to each other?
Solution:
No, consider two right angles (equal to 90) each. Their sum is 180 90.
iv. Can two acute angles be supplementary?
Solution:
No, consider two acute angles (less than 90) each. Their sum is less than 180 (180).
v.
Can two obtuse angles be supplementary?
Solution:
No, consider two obtuse angles (greater than 90) each. Their sum is greater than 180 (180).
vi. Can two right angles be supplementary?
Solution:
Yes, consider two right angles (equal to 90) each. Their sum is 180.

14

Lines and Angles

Std. IX - Geometry

TARGET Publications

VOR + VOT = ROT

80 + VOT = 122
VOT = 122 80
VOT = 42
QOP = VOT

------ (Angle addition property)

------ (Vertically opposite angles)

QOP = 42

In the given figure, if AOC BOD, AOB = 45,

BOD = 60 and AOB COD, then find BOC.
Solution:
AOC BOD
------ (Given)

C = 60
------ (Since BOD = 60)
BOC + AOB = AOC

BOC + 45 = 60

BOC = 60 45
11.

C
D
O

BOC = 15

12. If XPY = 135, XPZ = 175 and the point Y is in the interior of ZPX, then find YPZ.
Solution:
Y
YPZ + XPY = XPZ
------ (Angle addition property)

YPZ + 135 = 175

175

YPZ = 175 135

135

YPZ = 40

If POR = 120 and P-O-L, the points S and T be on the R-side of line PL, such that ROS SOL
and ROT TOP. Draw the figure and find TOS.
Solution:
T
P
POR + LOR = 180
------ (Angles in a linear pair)

120 + LOR = 180

LOR = 180 120

120

LOR = 60

ROS SOL
------ (Given)
O
R

ray OS bisects LOR.

1

ROS = LOR
S
2
L
1

ROS = 60
2

ROS = 30
ROT TOP
------ (Given)
Ray OT bisects POR.
1

ROT =
POR
2
1

ROT =
120
2

ROT = 60
TOS = ROT + ROS
------ (Angle addition property)

TOS = 60 + 30
13.

TOS = 90

Lines and Angles

27