Humidity Control Principles PDF

Humidity Control
Principles and Practice
Including Advice From A Famous Bank Robber
Distinguished Lecture
Lew Harriman
Mason-Grant Consulting
Portsmouth, NH
MasonGrant.com
1
Thursday, May 16, 13
Outline
Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Illinois ASHRAE Chapter - May 2013
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Outline
1. Examples of common humidity control problems

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Outline

2. Principles of humidity control

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Outline

3. 5-Step design process for humidity control

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Outline

3. 5-Step design process for humidity control
4. Summary

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Who do you work for?
HVAC Design consulting firm

Architectural design firm
Design-build or Energy Service company
Contracting or HVAC service company
Facility manager/building operator
Utility: Power or gas company

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Great Clinic building, great HVAC system... So

why did it grow mold 3 times in five years?
Indoor dew point = 12.0C (54F) - Excellent!

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School - Plenty of system capacity!... Why mold?

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New training building and new HVAC equipment...

Why mold and equipment failures?

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Fundamental Principles of Humidity Control
Humidity control costs money. Define the

PURPOSE for humidity control before you begin
any project.
Dehumidification performance of equipment

must equal or exceed the buildings humidity
loads. Therefore...
Quantify all humidity loads and...

Quantify dehumidification performance

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Quick refresher...
Psychrometrics for humidity control
75F
50% RH

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50% RH - Half of the maximum amount at 75F

A relative measurementit depends on temperature
75F
50% RH

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Humidity ratio - absolute humidity

75F
50% RH
65 gr/lb

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Dew point: The temperature at which moisture

begins to condense out of the air (also absolute)
75F
50% RH
65 gr/lb
55F

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Dew point: The temperature at which moisture

begins to condense out of the air (also absolute)
75F
50% RH
65 gr/lb
55F

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Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

supply air diffusers
78F
65% RH

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78F
65% RH
78F
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78F
65% RH
78F
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78F
65% RH
65% RH
78F
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78F
65% RH
65% RH
78F
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78F
65% RH
65% RH
78F
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78F
65% RH
65
Dew
Point
65% RH
78F
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Exercise: Predicting condensation from humid air

infiltration into air conditioned buildings

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In Chicago, summertime outdoor air being sucked
into the building cavities is 84F, 134 gr/lb.

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How cold does an indoor wall surface have to be to
produce condensation?

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How cold does an indoor wall surface have to be to
produce condensation?
In other words - What is the dew point of air at
84F, 134 gr/lb = ___?__)

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Predicting condensation risk inside interior walls

and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb

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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
78F
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and above ceilings
84F
134 gr/lb
75
Dew
Point
134 gr/lb
78F
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Designing for humidity control - 5-part sequence

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Designing for humidity control - 5-part sequence

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Defining the purpose of the project

Why insist the client define the purpose?
If client has no problem... no reason to spend
money on humidity control.
If consequences are not defined impossible to
say what that budget must be and impossible to
make rational decisions on the owners behalf.
A good project purpose definition includes what...
Results are expected
Happens when the results are NOT achieved
Shortcoming is acceptable
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Poor project definition

Control the humidity within the usual limits
for a hotel
Does not define what the system must
accomplish...
Human comfort?
Control everywhere? or just in the pool area?
Both high and low limits?
Always? Usually? Only when rooms are
occupied?

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Good definition of project purpose

Control the humidity in the hotel so that...
Neither condensation nor high rh can occur in building

cavities that would allow mold growth or other
moisture damage to the building or its furnishings.
Guest rooms, meeting rooms, dining rooms and offices

are held within the ASHRAE comfort zones during both
summer and winter seasons
The system achieves these goals during all but 2% of

the hours in a typical year.

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Step 2 - Establish control level that achieves

purpose for humidity control
55F Dew Point

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Step 2 - Establish control level that achieves

purpose for humidity control
55F Dew Point

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Step 3 - Calculate the humidity loads

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Largest loads?
Ventilation/makeup air and infiltration

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Largest loads?
Ventilation/makeup air and infiltration

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Retail building in Chicago - Humidity load estimate

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Ventilation to dilute
contaminants from people

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Ventilation to dilute contaminants

from products and furnishings

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Ventilation to dilute contaminants

from products and furnishings
Air leakage into a tight building

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Peak humidity loads - ASHRAE Research 1997

Correcting 100 years of error - Now we know better

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Peak humidity loads - ASHRAE Research 1997

Correcting 100 years of error - Now we know better

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How to find the peak design dew point?

ASHRAE Fundamentals - 1997 or later

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...for Cooling load calculations

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...for dehumidification load calculations,
and DOAS system design
...for Cooling load calculations

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Chicago - ASHRAE peak humidity design conditions

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0.4% Dry Bulb
0.4% Dew Point
Difference
at peak dew point
92 DB
74.6 MCWB
84DB
77.7MCWB
-8F DB
101 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
+33 gr/lb

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0.4% Dry Bulb
0.4% Dew Point
Difference
at peak dew point
92 DB
74.6 MCWB
84DB
77.7MCWB
-8F DB
101 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
+33 gr/lb

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0.4% Dry Bulb
0.4% Dew Point
Difference
at peak dew point
92 DB
74.6 MCWB
84DB
77.7MCWB
-8F DB
101 gr/lb
134 gr/lb
+33 gr/lb

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Chicago load at peak dry bulb vs. peak dew point

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65 lb/h at peak Dry Bulb

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65 lb/h at peak Dry Bulb
110 lb/h at peak Dew Point

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Step 4 - Size and select the dehumidifier

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Cool-Reheat Dehumidifier

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Desiccant Dehumidifier

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Desiccant Dehumidifier

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Measuring Dehumidification
How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
before and after the
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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of 40
How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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of 40
How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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How to measure?
Humidity ratios
(gr/lb or g/kg)
dehumidifier

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Finding the humidity ratio from temperature and RH

75F
50% RH

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75F
50% RH
75F
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75F
50% RH
75F
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75F
50% RH
50% RH
75F
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75F
50% RH
50% RH
75F
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75F
50% RH
50% RH
65
gr/lb
75F
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Dehumidification equation
Where:!
lbs/h = Pounds of water vapor per hour!

CFM = Standard cubic ft/min!
gr/lb1 = Higher humidity ratio!
gr/lb2 = Lower humidity ratio!
7000 = grains of water vapor in a pound!

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Where to locate the DH in the system?

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Need expert advice?... consult an expert!

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Reporter:
Willie, its a Federal Crime!

why rob BANKS?

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Reporter:
Willie, its a Federal Crime!

why rob BANKS?

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Willie might ask you... wheres the humidity load?

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Dry where the load is - DOAS controls humidity

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Typical layout - Big box retail

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Add return air connection for humidity control

during unoccupied hours and vacations

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Summary - Humidity Control Principles and Practice

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First and most important step: Define the purpose

for humidity control

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To control humidity:

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Quantify humidity loads and

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Quantify DH equipment performance

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Biggest humidity load?... Ventilation and makeup

air, BY FAR the largest loads

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Biggest humidity load?... Ventilation and makeup

air, BY FAR the largest loads
For easy humidity control - Dry the incoming air in

a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS)

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Further ASHRAE Resources
Humidity Control
Design Guide
Guide for Buildings in

Hot and Humid Climates
ASHRAE Handbook
(Applications)
Lew Harriman
2011-2013 Chair, ASHRAE TC 1.12
(603) 431-0635
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Humidity Control

Principles and Practice

Including Advice From A Famous Bank Robber

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

1. Examples of common humidity control problems

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

1. Examples of common humidity control problems

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

1. Examples of common humidity control problems

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

1. Examples of common humidity control problems

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Who do you work for?

HVAC Design consulting firm

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Great Clinic building, great HVAC system... So

Indoor dew point = 12.0C (54F) - Excellent!

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Great Clinic building, great HVAC system... So

Indoor dew point = 12.0C (54F) - Excellent!

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Great Clinic building, great HVAC system... So

Indoor dew point = 12.0C (54F) - Excellent!

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Great Clinic building, great HVAC system... So

Indoor dew point = 12.0C (54F) - Excellent!

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

School - Plenty of system capacity!... Why mold?

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

New training building and new HVAC equipment...

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Fundamental Principles of Humidity Control

Humidity control costs money. Define the

Dehumidification performance of equipment

Quantify all humidity loads and...

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

50% RH - Half of the maximum amount at 75F

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Humidity ratio - absolute humidity

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Dew point: The temperature at which moisture

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Dew point: The temperature at which moisture

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Example: Predicting condensation risk on cold

Exercise: Predicting condensation from humid air

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Exercise: Predicting condensation from humid air

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Exercise: Predicting condensation from humid air

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Exercise: Predicting condensation from humid air

Humidity Control: Principles and Practice

Predicting condensation risk inside interior walls