Nutrition for National Development

in

Nigeria
A Call for Action

Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition !

Poverty increases
hunger and
undernutrition

Hunger and
malnutrition increase
sufferings and crises

Nigerias Commitment
World Summits:

Poverty

Nutrition

Food

Rights of children

Rights of women

Millennium Development Goals

Nigerias Initiative:

Food and Nutrition Policy reviewed & approved

Child Rights Bill Passed

Food and Nutrition Plan of Action developed

Vision 20: 2020 & Transformation Agenda

Malnutrition in Nigeria

N
Dry savannah
Humid forest
Mid-altitude
Moist savannah

Nutritional Problems

Energy and protein

Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine

deficiencies

Poor infant and caring

practices

Nutrition related noncommunicable diseases

Signs not recognized

Victims not aware

GOVERNMENT POLICY

Agriculture

Economy

Education

INADEQUATE Funding
Poor Implementation

POVERTY

MALNUTRITION

Health

Information

Consequences of Malnutrition

Survival

Intelligence

Productivity
2011-2020

SURVIVAL
Infant and Child Mortality
One in Eleven dies
in the first

year of
life
in the first
5 years of
life

UNICEF/Pirozzi

One in Seven dies

Breastfeeding Practices (06 months)

WHO / Unicef / FMOH

Recommended: Infants

be exclusively breastfed
from birth to six months
of age

UNICEF/Pirozzi

15%

Infant Mortality and Poor Breastfeeding

PROFILES 2011

2 million infant deaths

2011-2020

UNICEF/Pirozzi

21%

Causes of Child Mortality in Nigeria

WHO/CHERG, 2010

Malnutrition
~49%

BASICS\SANUSI 02i

Child Mortality Attribuable

to Protein-Energy Malnutrition

2.7 million child deaths (2011-2020)

Estimated Child Deaths (2011-2020)

WHO/CHERG 2010, PROFILES 2011

Million children 0-5 years

Vitamin A Deficiency in Children

NFCNS, 2003

Normal

Percent

Marginal
76.1

80
70

Clinical

70.1

68.7

Percent

60
50
40
30

28.2
22.8

21.6

20
10

3.1

7.1
2.4

0
Dry savanna

Moist savanna

Humid forest

Vitamin A Deficiency
and Child Mortality

1,007,841
child

deaths
2011-2020

Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age

62%

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

64,486 lives of women

Preschool
Children

Pregnant
Women

WCBA

lost

2011-2020

EDUCATION
Malnutrition and Education
Malnutrition reduces:

Learning ability
Retention ability

UNICEF/Pirozzi

School performance

Effect of Iodine Deficiency

in Pregnant Women
3% cretinism
10% moderate
to severe
mental

retardation
intellectual

impairment

UNICEF/Pirozzi

87% mild

Endemic Iodine Deficiency and

Intellectual Development

IQ reduced by
13.5 points

source: 18 studies

Non Consumption of Iodized Salt

10 million

newborns
with mental
impairment
2011-2020

UNICEF/89006/Beswick

Iron Deficiency Anaemia

in Children 0-5 Years
MI Global VMD Report, 2009

76%

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0
Preschool
Children

Pregnant
Women

WCBA

ECONOMY
Benefit: Cost Analysis
Takes into account:
UN population projection 2011-2020
Current malnutrition rates
Current mortality rates

Current employment rates

Current labor force participation rates
Annual discount rate of 3%

Total Productivity Losses: 2011-2020

15

billion $US

10

Losses
(billion
$US)

4.1

Stunting

6.4

Iodine Deficiency

4.4
0

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Total Productivity Gains: 2005-2014

9.5

Gains
(billion
$US)

billion $US
0.8

Anemia

1.1

Stunting

7.7

Iodine Defciency

Gains in Human Capital

21,000
Lives
of Mothers
Maternal
Anemia

498,000
Lives
of Children
Vitamin A
Deficiency

712,000
Lives
of Children
Protein-Energy
Malnutrition

5 million
Lives
10 million
Aged 15-60 years
Newborns
saved from
saved from
Premature death
Mental Deficits
and disability
Iodine
non-communicable
Deficiency
diseases

Return on Investment

Cost
1 $US

Benefit
23 $US

PROFILES

Conclusion
Sustained Investment in Nutrition
Would avoid:

Millions of deaths of children and women

Tragic lowering of intellectual capacity
Enormous economic lossess

Conditions for
Attaining These Benefits
Recognize nutrition as a key factor for national
development
Show a real political commitment to improving
the nutrition situation of the population
Implement and optimize the impact of the
national food and nutrition policy by:

Targeting vulnerable groups

Adopting cost:effective interventions

Investment in Nutrition
Benefits:

Health

Education

Economy

Recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

Protect, promote, and support optimal child feeding

practices in the first two years of life
Ensure Iodine Requirements of the Population, through
salt iodization
Ensure Iron/Folic Acid Requirements of the Population
Ensure Vitamin A Requirements of the Population through
supplementation and fortification
Ensure nutritional support for adolescent girls, pregnant
women, and lactating mothers
Nutritional care and support for people living with HIVAIDS
Address nutrition-related non-Communicable Diseases

Nutrition Investment

UNICEF/Pirozzi

I see HOPE for a

brighter future

Invest in Nutrition

UNICEF/Pirozzi

The time to act is