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Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park

Stormwater Management and Slope-Stability Analysis


Prepared for
City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation
January 28, 2015

4700 West 77th Street


Minneapolis, MN 55435-4803
Phone: 952.832.2600
Fax:
952.832.2601

Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park


Stormwater Management and Slope-Stability Study
January 28, 2015

Contents
1.0

Background and Objectives ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1

Background ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2

Study Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................. 1

2.0

Site Observations ................................................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1

Cherokee Heights Culvert and Ravine .................................................................................................................... 4

2.2

Northwest Slope Failure Area and Lower North Stream Channel ............................................................... 6

2.3

East, Middle, and West Clay Pits .............................................................................................................................11

2.4

Brickyard Trail Including Bruce Vento Spur Trail ..............................................................................................16

2.5

Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook ...................................................................................................................................22

3.0

Geotechnical Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................23

3.1

Field InvestigationSoil Borings and Lab Analysis.........................................................................................23

3.1.1

General Site Geology .............................................................................................................................................23

3.1.2

Stratigraphy ...............................................................................................................................................................24

3.1.3

Groundwater Conditions ......................................................................................................................................24

3.2

Slope-Stability-Simulation Modeling....................................................................................................................25

3.2.1

Modeling Factor of Safety ...................................................................................................................................25

3.2.2

Soil Suction ................................................................................................................................................................26

3.2.3

Saturation and Loss of Stability Due to Rainfall ..........................................................................................26

3.2.4

Saturation and Loss of Stability from Elevated Water Table and Ponding.......................................27

3.2.5

Role of Vegetation in Stability............................................................................................................................27

3.3

Summary of Geotechnical Findings .......................................................................................................................28

3.3.1

4.0

Potential for Slope Failure ....................................................................................................................................29

3.3.1.1

High-Risk Areas ..............................................................................................................................................30

3.3.1.2

Moderate-Risk Areas....................................................................................................................................30

3.3.1.3

Low-Risk Areas ...............................................................................................................................................30

Stormwater Analysis .........................................................................................................................................................31

4.1

Stormwater Flow Simulation Modeling ...............................................................................................................31

4.1

Summary of Stormwater Findings .........................................................................................................................31

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\DRAFT Report Cover-Lilydale Regional Park.docx

5.0

Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................33

5.1

General Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................33

5.2

Planning-Level Opinion of Construction Costs .................................................................................................34

5.3

Ravine Stabilization/Stormwater Management ................................................................................................34

5.4

Brickyard Trail Erosion.................................................................................................................................................37

5.5

Steep-Slope Stabilization ..........................................................................................................................................39

6.0

5.5.1

Middle and West Clay Pits, Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook, and Bruce Vento Spur of the
Brickyard Access Trail (Southern Brickyard Area) .......................................................................................39

5.5.2

Brickyard TrailConnector Section .................................................................................................................40

5.5.3

The North Knob Area .............................................................................................................................................40

5.5.4

Summary of Steep-Slope-Stabilization Recommendations ...................................................................41

References ............................................................................................................................................................................46

ii

List of Tables
Table 1-1

Summary of Work Tasks from Project Scope of Work ......................................................................... 2

Table 3-1

Predicted slope-stability factors of safety, based on modeling various soil conditions ..... 29

Table 4-1

Peak flow rates for crossings along Cherokee Heights (locations on Large Figure 4-1) ..... 32

List of Figures
Figure 3-1

Middle Clay Pit modeling cross section showing stratigraphy ...................................................... 24

Figure 5-1

Conceptual drawing of a waterbar ............................................................................................................ 39

Figure 5-2

Conceptual example of grading to a stable slope and installing a sheetpile wall to protect
the roadway ........................................................................................................................................................ 42

Figure 5-3

Conceptual example of soil nailing ........................................................................................................... 42

Figure 5-4

Conceptual example of soldier piling ...................................................................................................... 43

List of Large Figures


Large Figure 1-1

Study area

Large Figure 1-2

Study area features

Large Figure 1-3

Change in slope (Percent Rise)

Large Figure 2-1

Site visit photo key

Large Figure 3-1

Soil borings and modeled geotechnical cross sections

Large Figure 3-2

Potential for slope failure

Large Figure 4-1

Stormwater modeling

Large Figure 5-1

Recommendations

List of Photos
Photo 2-1

West Clay Pit (at right) and area below Bruce Vento Overlook (center) from the air (photo
provided by the City of St. Paul) ................................................................................................................... 4

Photo 2-2

Erosion adjacent to the storm sewer outlet in Cherokee Heights ravine (May 2014 site
visit) .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Photo 2-3

Cherokee Heights ravine slope failure (July 2014 site visit) ............................................................... 6

Photo 2-4

Scarp from pre-2014 slope failure (taken from Brickyard Trail Lower Falls waterfall area
during the May 2014 site visit) ...................................................................................................................... 7

Photo 2-5

Large 2014 slope failure from above (July 2014 site visit) .................................................................. 8

Photo 2-6

Large 2014 slope failure from below with inset showing seepage (July 2014 visit) ................. 8

Photo 2-7

Large slide, looking up through newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 site visit) .............. 9

Photo 2-8

Soil deposited at base of slide and newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 visit) ................ 9

iii

Photo 2-9

Erosion of the lower section of the Brickyard Trail and plugged culvert, resulting from the
Northwest Slope Failure (July 2014 site visit)........................................................................................ 10

Photo 2-10

2013 slide area, from top of East Clay Pit Falls, observed during the May 2014 visit .......... 10

Photo 2-11

2013 slide area, from below, as observed during the July 2014 site visit .................................. 11

Photo 2-12

West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit)............................................................................................................. 12

Photo 2-13

Middle Clay Pit wallwith fresh soil scarp in upper right corner (July 2014 site visit) ........ 13

Photo 2-14

Silty sand soil over shale bedrock in West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit) ................................... 13

Photo 2-15

Close-up of overhanging soil and root zone in West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit) ............. 14

Photo 2-16

Seeping rock outcrop in Middle Clay Pit (July 2014 site visit) ....................................................... 14

Photo 2-17

Middle Clay Pit with snow/ice (from seepage) on face of shale (May 2014 visit) .................. 15

Photo 2-18

Middle Clay Pit with snow/ice (from seepage) on face of shale (May 2014 site visit) .......... 15

Photo 2-19

Brickyard Trail Lower Falls (May 2014 site visit) ................................................................................... 17

Photo 2-20

Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven Section, plugged and exposed drain tile and erosion
(July 2014 site visit) .......................................................................................................................................... 18

Photo 2-21

Erosion on the Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven Section, looking uphill from the bottom
of the trail (May 2014 site visit) .................................................................................................................. 18

Photo 2-22

View of slope failure above Brickyard TrailConnector Section, the source of soil on the
trail in Photo 2-23 (May 2014 site visit) .................................................................................................. 19

Photo 2-23

Soil on the Brickyard TrailConnector Section from slope failure shown in Photo 2-22
(May 2014 site visit) ........................................................................................................................................ 19

Photo 2-24

View of slope failure above the Brickyard TrailConnector Section, the source of soil on
the trail in the same location and shown in Photo 2-25 (July 2014 site visit).......................... 20

Photo 2-25

Soil on the Brickyard TrailConnector Section from slope failure shown in Photo 2-24
(July 2014 site visit) .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Photo 2-26

Slide below the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail (July 2014 site visit) .......... 21

Photo 2-27

"Sinkhole" along Brickyard Access TrailBluff Section; note sunken fence post (July 2014
visit) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Photo 2-28

Soil overhang, from above, at Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook (May 2014 site visit) ............... 22

Photo 5-1

Example of riprap ............................................................................................................................................. 36

Photo 5-2

Example of a boulder riffle ........................................................................................................................... 36

Photo 5-3

Example of a small span bridge at a creek crossing .......................................................................... 37

Photo 5-4

Example of Geoweb erosion control (Source: www.prestogeo.com, used with permission) 38

Photo 5-5

Cross section view of Geoweb (Source: www.prestogeo.com, used with permission) ........... 38

Photo 5-6

Example of Geoweb on a steep slope (prior to infill) (Source: www.prestogeo.com, used


with permission) ............................................................................................................................................... 38

Photo 5-7

An example of soil nailing (Source: Nicholson Construction Company, used with


permission) .......................................................................................................................................................... 43

Photo 5-8

Photo of soldier piling along the Mississippi River in Minneapolis ............................................. 44

Photo 5-9

Example of vegetated reinforced soil slope (VRSS) before vegetation reestablishes .......... 44

Photo 5-10

Example of VRSS (note vegetation stakes) ............................................................................................ 45

Photo 5-11

Example of VRSS after vegetation has grown ...................................................................................... 45

iv

List of Appendices, Attachments, or Exhibits


Appendix A

Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Appendix B

Steep Slope Stabilization Options

Appendix C

Geotechnical Evaluation

Appendix D

Stormwater Modeling Methodology

Certifications
I hereby certify that this report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision and that I am a duly
licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota.

January 28, 2015


Jim Herbert, PE

Date

PE #: 19926

I hereby certify that the geotechnical section of this report was prepared by me or under my direct
supervision and that I am a duly licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota.

January 28, 2015


Bill Kussmann, PE

Date

PE #: 47821

vi

Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park


Stormwater Management and Slope-Stability Study
Executive Summary

he Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park is an area of


both historic and recreational significance for the City
of St. Paul. From the 1890s to the 1970s this area was used
as a clay-mining and brick-making site. Evidence of that
history remains in the three quarry areas (East, Middle, and
West Clay Pits) and the ruins of a brick oven. Adjacent to
the brick oven is Echo Cave, a man-made feature carved
into the white Cambrian sandstone rock. In the early
1900s this rock was mined for its high silica content (used
to make glass), supporting the demand for glass bottles
from nearby breweries. Four fossil beds near the clay pits
offer clues to an even earlier history and are popular with
fossil hunters. Recreational features of the Brickyard Area
include the popular Brickyard Trail, the Bruce Vento Scenic
Overlook, several water falls, and the Middle Clay Pit bluffs
which are often used for ice climbing.
The Brickyard Area is characterized by steep slopes,
intermittent streams and seeps, and trails and ravines that
convey stormwater from the direct and upland tributary
areas. Erosion of the ravines and clay pits has led to
decreased water quality in downstream Pickerel Lake (an
important feature of Lilydale Regional Park) and slope
instability. These concerns prompted the City of St. Paul

to hire Barr Engineering Co. (Barr) to study erosion and


slope-stability issues in the area. The primary objective
of this study was to develop concept-level stormwater
management, erosion-control, and slope-stability
recommendations for City use. Specifically, the study was
designed to:

Help the City and its partners gain a better overall


understanding of slope-stability issues in the Brickyard
Area, particularly as they relate to proposed park
structures and restricted active-use areas.

Identify and evaluate erosion issues along the


Brickyard Trail and in other area ravines.

Identify and prioritize stormwater management


techniques to reduce erosion while maintaining an
aesthetic that is compatible with the unique, natural
geologic setting of the park.

To formulate recommendations, Barr made two site visits


to the Brickyard Area to gather information and document
conditions. Geotechnical and stormwater analyses were
also performed. A summary of these efforts is provided in
the following pages.

Page 1

Site observations

East, Middle, and West Clay Pits

Barr staff and City personnel performed a field review of


site conditions on May 15 and July 2, 2014. The focus of
the first visit was to observe and generally inventory the
existing ravines, trails, ravine/trail crossings, park amenities,
storm sewer inflows, and slope-stability areas of concern.
The Figure 1 on the following page shows features of the
study area.
The second site visit was prompted by heavy precipitation
in June that revealed additional slope-stability issues.
The primary focus of this visit was a large slope failure
toward the north end of the study area. Additional slope
failures and material loss along the Brickyard Trail between
the Middle and West Clay Pits and a sinkhole near the
intersection of Annapolis Street and Cherokee Heights
Boulevard were also examined.

Photo: Middle Clay Pit wall with fresh soil scarp in upperright corner. The slopes above the pits are fairly steep with
former scarps evident at numerous locations. Soil slopes
at the corners of the clay pits seem prone to instability
and failure.

Cherokee Heights Culvert and Ravine

Brickyard Trail, Including Bruce Vento Spur

Photo: Ravine slope failure. Significant erosion was


observed along the ravine side slopes; there are several
active slope failures in the ravine.

Photo: Erosion on the Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven


Section. Moderate-to-severe erosion from concentrated
stormwater runoff along the straight and steep sections
of the Brickyard Trail was observed. A steep slope
adjacent to the trail showed evidence of slope failure
that was reactivated during a wet period in June 2014.

Northwest Slope Failure Area and Lower North


Stream Channel

Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook

Photo: Large slope failure from above. Evidence of historic


slope failures was observed. One failure was reactivated
during a wet period in June 2014; this failure had enough
force to topple mature trees along the lower section of
the Brickyard Trail.

Photo: Soil overhang, from above, at Bruce Vento Scenic


Overlook. A mass of overhanging soil, supported by vegetation/root zones was observed. There is potential for
this area to fail when the roots eventually give way.
Page 2

Figure 1: Study area features

Page 3

Geotechnical analysis

HIGH RISK

To evaluate the stability of the existing slopes in the


Brickyard Area and the effects of water content/
saturation, the physical properties of the soil and
rock were examined. Samples from five boring
locations were analyzed to identify the following soil/
rock characteristics: stratigraphy, natural moisture
content, unit weight, plasticity, grain size, strength, and
permeability. Slope-stability simulation modeling was
also performed to evaluate the influence of topography,
soil strength, and seepage/saturation on area slope
stability and to calculate factors of safety (the ratio of
resisting forces in the soil to the driving forces that cause
slope movement).

Areas categorized as high-risk have the following


features or characteristics:

Likelihood for large volume circular-failure or


block-failure landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from significant heights

Likelihood for persons to be caught in a slide from


above the failure surface

History of previous large-volume slides

MODERATE RISK

Stormwater analysis

Areas categorized as moderate-risk have the following


features or characteristics:

To gain a better understanding of drainage patterns


within the Brickyard Area and their influence on
erosion a stormwater analysis was done. An XP-SWMM
hydrologic and hydraulic model was developed to
estimate stormwater depths and corresponding flows
and velocities in the storm sewer system, channels, and
ravines throughout the study area.
More information about hydrology in the Brickyard Area
and its impact on slope stability can be found on page 8.

Likelihood for lesser-volume circular-failure or


surficial translational-failure landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from lower heights

History of previous lesser-volume slides

LOW RISK
Areas categorized as low-risk have the following
features or characteristics:

Potential for slope failure


Based on May and July site observations, the results
of geotechnical and stormwater analyses, as well as
Barrs experience, conditions in the area (at the time
of the study) were categorized as low-risk, moderaterisk, or high-risk (see Figure 2). These rating categories
are specific to this project and not based on industry
standards. The primary factors influencing risk assessment
were likelihood for large-volume landslides, likelihood of
soils falling from significant heights, likelihood of persons
being caught in a slide from above the failure surface, and
a history of previous landslides. No area of the park was
considered no-risk. The uncertainties of weather, soil
type and strength, and human activity always pose some
risk of unexpected soil movement. It is also important
to note that this is a constantly changing landscape
(as evidenced by site changes between May and July
site visits). It is impossible to state, with any degree of
certainty, that these slopes will or will not fail over time.

Generally flatter grades and minimal likelihood for


landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from lower heights

No apparent history or evidence of landslides

Areas that were not observed during the May and


July 2014 site visits, but generally have similar
characteristics to other low-risk areas within the
study area

No area of the park was considered


no-risk. The uncertainty of weather; soil
type, strength, and stratigraphy; and
human activity always pose some risk
due to unexpected movement of soils.

One solution for managing high-risk areas is to limit


public access. There are two areas in the park where we
recommend that restricted access be considered (see
Figure 3, page 7). These areas include only one of the
four popular fossil sites identified by the City and do not
include the Brickyard Trail.
Page 4

Figure 2: Potential for slope failure

Page 5

Recommendations
General recommendations for the Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park are listed below. More specific
recommendations related to (1) ravine stabilization/
stormwater management, (2) steep-slope stabilization,
and (3) erosion along the Brickyard Trail are outlined in the
column at right.

Restrict access to high-risk areas of the park


including Cherokee Heights Ravine, North Ravine, and
a portion of the Lower North Stream Channel; the East,
Middle, and West Clay Pit areas; and the Bruce Vento
Scenic Overlook. These areas are indicated on
Figure 3 by a red-dashed line. Only one of four fossil
sites is included in these proposed restricted areas.

Conduct additional research on industry-accepted


best practices for managing risk in park settings.

Stabilize and re-vegetate slopes, where feasible


including the steep slopes in the northern Brickyard
Area and the slopes in the connector section of the
Brickyard Trail. The Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook and
Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Trail could also be
mechanically stabilized.

3. Re-establish and stabilize the Lower North Stream Channel


using river-rock riprap. Boulder riffles could potentially be
added for aesthetics and to help reduce flow velocities.
4. Once the stream channel is re-established and stabilized,
replace the Brickyard Trail culvert with a small span bridge.

Steep-slope stabilization
1. Restrict access to the Middle and West Clay Pit areas and
the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook (area outlined by reddashed line, Figure 3)
2. Relocate or mechanically stabilize the Bruce Vento Scenic
Overlook.

Place barriers and/or signage at access points to


restricted areasas well as general park access points
to alert visitors.

Planning-level opinions of construction costs for


alternatives are included in the complete Brickyard Area
of Lilydale Regional Park Stormwater Management and
Slope-Stability Study report. These estimates are included
to assist in evaluating and comparing options; they do not
represent absolute values for given alternatives.

1. Restrict access to the Cherokee Heights Ravine, North


Ravine, and Lower North Stream Channel (area outlined
by red-dashed line, Figure 3). Restricting this area includes
closing Fossil Site 2.
2. Stabilize the steep slopes in the North Knob.

Perform inspectionsannually and after significant


precipitation events, with subsequent adjustments
to access areas. In addition, the Cherokee Heights
Ravine, North Ravine, and Lower North Stream
Channel should be routinely monitored and inspected
for new erosion that could impact downstream areas,
including Pickerel Lake.

Consider monitoring changing conditions in


the park with equipment such as tilt meters,
inclinometers, piezometers, etc.

Ravine stabilization/stormwater management


for Northern Brickyard Area

3. Stabilize the section of the Bruce Vento Spur of the


Brickyard Trail highlighted on Figure 3.
4. Stabilize a portion of the connector section of the
Brickyard Trail using vegetated, reinforced soil slopes
assuming the canopy cover does not prevent sunlight
penetration. In the interim, remove (or relocate) the park
bench downslope of this area. Alternatively, this area could
be graded to a stable slope.
5. Stabilize the North Knob by grading to a stable slope.

Brickyard trail erosion


Implement one (or a combination) of the three following
erosion-control measures:
1. Install Geoweb to stabilize and reinforce the trail.
2. Repair the trail and install waterbars to deflect water off
the trail and reduce future erosion.
3. Install a side channel (reinforced ditching) along the side
of the trail and resurface this area.

Regardless of any selected alternative(s), additional site


visits, geotechnical investigation, borings, and soils testing
must be performed to refine the recommendations for
specific park areas and address potential changes to
conditions.

Page 6

Figure 3: Study area recommendations

Page 7

Hydrology and the Brickyard Area


Figure 4, below, developed by the US Geological Service, shows the
earths water (hydrologic) cycle. Surface runoff, infiltration, seepage,
and groundwater (circled in red) all contribute to unstable slopes in the
Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park.

Surface runoffPrecipitation that does not infiltrate and contributes to


erosion at the toe of the slope (Figure 5)

Channelized surface waterSurface runoff that channelizes in the


ravines

Groundwater (seepage)Precipitation that infiltrates but seeps back


out when it reaches an impermeable rock layer

Some of the ways this water impacts slope stability are described at right.

Water and slope stability


Filling the voidWhen
precipitation infiltrates the soil
it fills the void spaces between
the soil grains (Figure 6). Too
much water in these void spaces
reduces or eliminates the suction
and cohesive forces that hold the
grains together.
Changing geometryRunoff
that erodes the toe of the slope
may cause unstable conditions by
changing the slopes geometry.
Creating pressureWater adds
weight to the soil. If 2 inches of
rain infiltrate a 100- x 200-foot
slope, the slope weight increases
by 200 tons (source: The Role of
Water in Slope Stability, Lecture,
Western Washington University).

INFILTRATION
Figure 4

PONDING

RUNOFF

Figure 6

Figure 5
Page 8

1.0 Background and Objectives


1.1 Background
For several decades (the 1890s to the 1970s) the Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park in St. Paul,
Minnesota (Large Figure 1-1), was used as a clay mining and brick-making site. The area is characterized
by three quarries (i.e., East, Middle, and West Clay Pits), steep slopes, intermittent streams and seeps, and
erosion-prone trails and ravines that convey stormwater from the direct and upland tributary areas. Many
historic sites and recreational amenities are located within the Brickyard Area. These include:

The Brickyard Trail, which extends from the park access at West Water Street near the Mississippi
River and the lower brick-making area to the top of the bluff.

The Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook.

Three historic clay pits, forming a topographical (near vertical) break between lower park
elevations and the upper portion of the park.

Ruins of a brick oven at the base of the bluff and several old foundations, presumably from
quarrying equipment.

Several water falls.

Four fossil beds near the clay pits which attract fossil collectors (requiring a permit).

Echo Cave, a manmade feature carved into the white Cambrian sandstone rock adjacent to the
brick oven; in the early 1900s this sandstone was mined for its high silica content (used to make
glass), supporting the demand for glass bottles from nearby breweries.

Bluffs conducive to ice climbing (requiring a permit).

Slope stability and erosion of the ravines and clay pits in the Brickyard Area have been ongoing concerns
for the City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation (City) and its partner agencies.

1.2 Study Objectives


In 2014 the City of St. Paul hired Barr Engineering Co. (Barr) to study erosion and slope-stability issues at
Lilydale Regional Park. The primary objectives of this study were to develop concept-level stormwatermanagement, erosion-control, and slope-stability recommendations for the Brickyard Area within the
park. More specifically, the study was designed to:

Help the City and its partners gain a better overall understanding of slope-stability issues in the
Brickyard Area, particularly as they relate to proposed park features and restricted, permitted
active-use areas.

Identify and evaluate erosion issues along the Brickyard Trail and in other ravines within the
Brickyard Area.

Identify and prioritize stormwater management techniques to reduce erosion while maintaining
an aesthetic that is compatible with the unique natural geologic setting of the park.

The scope of work for this project was developed based on a January 23, 2014, meeting between Barr and
City staff and subsequent coordination. Specific work tasks identified to achieve the study objectives are
listed in the Table 1-1.
Table 1-1

Summary of Work Tasks from Project Scope of Work


Work Task Description

Compile and review background data


Site review and field survey
Geotechnical analysis (Appendix C)
Meeting #1: Barr and City staff (September 2014)
Stormwater analysis (Appendix D)
Evaluate conceptual stabilization alternatives
Prepare planning-level opinions of construction costs
Meeting #2: Barr and City staff (November 2014)
Prepare draft report
Meeting #3: Barr and City staff (December 2014)
Prepare final report (January 2015)

2.0 Site Observations


The Brickyard was the site of the Twin Cities Brick Company, which was founded in 1894 and continued to
make bricks until the 1970s. The interest in brick-making boomed after a number of local villages and cities,
constructed primarily of wood, burned during catastrophic fires during the late 1800s. Workers quarried
Decorah shale on the bluff above this location and brought it down the steep hillside where it was processed
and fired into bricks. Visitors to the site can still see ruins of a brick kiln at the base of the bluff and several
quarries higher on the hill. The Twin Cities Brick Company supplied bricks used in building numerous
buildings around the Twin Cities, including the St. Paul Hotel. (Source: www.nps.gov)
Barr staff and City personnel performed a field review of site conditions on May 15, 2014. The focus of this
visit was to observe and generally inventory the existing ravines, trails, ravine/trail crossings, park
amenities, storm sewer inflow, and slope-stability areas of concern. Specifically, the team reviewed the
following:

Cherokee Regional Park (including the 60-inch culvert crossing under Cherokee Heights
Boulevard)

Several ravines, waterfalls, and seeps

The East, Middle, and West Clay Pits

The Brickyard Trail (including the bluff section of the trail that runs along Cherokee Heights
Boulevard)

Fossil hunting sites

The Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook

A second site visit was performed by Barr and City personnel on July 2, 2014, after heavy June
precipitation revealed additional slope-stability issues. The main areas of focus during this second visit
were a large slope failure toward the north end of the study area, a sink hole near the intersection of
Annapolis Street and Cherokee Heights Boulevard, and additional slope failures and loss of material along
the Brickyard Trail between the Middle and West Clay Pits
The field visits were specifically focused on and limited to park features within the study area. Potential
impacts to infrastructure beyond the boundary of the study area were outside the scope of this study.
Specific observations made during each site visit and subsequent analyses and conclusions are provided
in the following sections.
Large Figure 1-2 identifies the park features within the Brickyard Area referenced throughout this report.
The Brickyard Trail is labeled with additional section names for report purposes only (e.g., Brickyard Trail
Bluff Section).

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2011 LiDAR elevation data set was used to help
characterize the slopes throughout the Brickyard Area. Large Figure 1-3 shows the change in slope
throughout the Brickyard Area in terms of percent rise. The portions of the Brickyard Area shown in
orange and red hues on the figure represent the steepest areas (most notably, the clay pit walls). The
percent rise becomes increasingly larger as the topography becomes more vertical.

Photo 2-1

West Clay Pit (at right) and area below Bruce Vento Overlook (center) from the air
(photo provided by the City of St. Paul)

2.1 Cherokee Heights Culvert and Ravine


Drainage from portions of Cherokee Heights Regional Park and the adjacent residential area discharges
through a 60-inch-diameter reinforced-concrete culvert that extends underneath Cherokee Heights
Boulevard and into a ravine (Cherokee Heights Ravine on Large Figure 1-2, Photo 2-2). The ravine extends
approximately 300 feet to a waterfall near the horseshoe-shaped East Clay Pit. Observation of the ravine
reveals significant erosion along the channel invert and side slopes. This is most likely due to high flow
rates and velocities in combination with erodible, sandy soils. At the downstream end of the ravine, the
channel bottom has been scoured down to the underlying Decorah Shale bedrock.
The channel within the Cherokee Heights Ravine is fairly narrow and meanders slightly between the
culvert and the East Clay Pit Falls. There are several active slope failures in the ravine, most notably near
4

the culvert outlet and approximately midway to the East Clay Pit Falls (Photo 2-3). Erosion of the ravine
side slopes appears to be contributing to some of the instabilityremoving material from the toes of the
slopes, destabilizing the upper slopes, and causing slides into the ravine.
Just above the East Clay Pit Falls, a berm of soil directs the flow path of the stream roughly parallel to the
edge of the East Clay Pit wall. Several sections of broken pipe were observed in this area; two sections
appear to be held in place by the roots of a mature tree above the waterfall (Brickyard Trail Lower Falls)
and parallel to the stream flow (2013 report by Northern Technologies, Inc. [NTI], Appendix D, photo #9).
Although the original purpose and use of the pipe sections is unknown, they no longer convey flow and
water spills over the falls to the downstream channel.

Photo 2-2

Erosion adjacent to the storm sewer outlet in Cherokee Heights ravine (May 2014
site visit)

Photo 2-3

Cherokee Heights ravine slope failure (July 2014 site visit)

2.2 Northwest Slope Failure Area and Lower North Stream Channel
During the May 2014 site visit, a slope failure scarp (exposed failure surface) was observed on the northto-northwest side of a stranded knob northwest of the Cherokee Heights Boulevard culvert and
stormwater ravine discussed in the previous section (Photo 2-4, Photo 2-5, and Photo 2-6). This scarp is
noted on Large Figure 1-2 as the Northwest Slope Failure. As viewed on an aerial photograph, the
stranded knob (noted on Large Figure 1-2 as the North Knob) is a rounded area which appears to be cut
off from the main bluff by a drainage trench (i.e., stranded). It does not appear to be a natural condition.
There is evidence of historic slope failure at this location, but nothing to suggest that the soil mass slid all
the way to the base of the bluff. This slope failure was best observed from the location of the Brickyard
Trail Lower Falls. Historic evidence of this slide area and previous disturbance in this general vicinity (likely
due to brickyard operations) could be seen on aerial photographs.
This historic slope failure (or slide) was reactivated during a wet period in June 2014. A large volume of
soil slid from this area, down the base of the bluff, and over the lower section of the Brickyard Trail and
culvert leading between the parking lot and the old brick oven (Photo 2-7 and Photo 2-8). The slide went
just north of the small falls (Brickyard Trail Lower Falls) and another historic structure/foundation with
enough force to topple mature trees and the chain link fence along the trail. It moved enough material to
deposit a few inches of soil over the lower section of the Brickyard Trail and completely buried the culvert
(Brickyard Trail Culvert) under the trail (Photo 2-9). Soils deposited at the slope toe temporarily blocked

the stream. During the July 2014 site visit these soils were seen eroding as the stream attempted to
reestablish a channel.
During the July 2014 site visit there appeared to be a concentrated seep about half-way up the newly
exposed scarp surface. Viewed from a distance, the seep flow was estimated to be several gallons per
minute and appeared to be flowing over the surface of the shale bedrock at the back of the new scarp.
The 2013 slope failure area (Photo 2-10 and Photo 2-11) discussed in the NTI report is generally located
at the southeast edge of the North Knob and adjacent to the East Clay Pit waterfall (Large Figure 1-2). The
mass of soil slid from the northwest side of the falls as shown in the photos included in Appendix D of the
NTI report.
At least two slope failures in the park have been associated with this North Knob area (Large Figure 1-2).
This area appears to be unstable and continued use of this area is not recommended.

Photo 2-4

Scarp from pre-2014 slope failure (taken from Brickyard Trail Lower Falls waterfall
area during the May 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-5

Large 2014 slope failure from above (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-6

Large 2014 slope failure from below with inset showing seepage (July 2014 visit)

Photo 2-7

Large slide, looking up through newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-8

Soil deposited at base of slide and newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 visit)

Photo 2-9

Erosion of the lower section of the Brickyard Trail and plugged culvert, resulting
from the Northwest Slope Failure (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-10

2013 slide area, from top of East Clay Pit Falls, observed during the May 2014 visit

10

Photo 2-11

2013 slide area, from below, as observed during the July 2014 site visit

2.3 East, Middle, and West Clay Pits


The former areas quarried as a source of clay for brick-making are now steep-walled bluffs, referred to as
clay pits (Photo 2-12). Review of these clay pit walls did not reveal significant evidence of faulting, block
failures, bulging, or other signs of slope failures. There was some shale debris located immediately at the
base of the clay pit walls, which appeared to be a product of slaking (softening of the clay), likely due to
wetting/drying or freeze/thaw cycles.
The soils forming the slopes above the clay pit walls were observed during both the May and July 2014
site visits. The slopes above the clay pits appeared to be fairly steep, and scarps are evident at numerous
locations (Photo 2-13). The soil slopes (soil above bedrock) at the ends/corners of the horseshoe-shaped
clay pits seemed particularly prone to instability and slope failures; but, within the curved areas of the clay
pit bowls, there were also places where tension-cracking or soil movement was evident. In one area, at the
south side of the West Clay Pit bowl, a slope failure had removed a tree from the upper soil slope
between the May and July 2014 site visits (Photo 2-13).
There were obvious areas of overhanging root mats/vegetation above the clay pit walls (Photo 2-14 and
Photo 2-15). This condition was most apparent in the area of the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook and is
discussed in greater detail in Section 2.5.

11

During both the site visits, water was observed seeping from the slopes at the upper soil/bedrock
interface, particularly in the Middle Clay Pit (Photo 2-16). This seepage, which freezes in the winter to
allow ice-climbing activities in the Middle Clay Pit (Photo 2-17 and Photo 2-18), illustrates that
groundwater infiltrates through the soils but does not readily penetrate the low-permeability shale.
Instead, it tends to flow along the surface of the bedrock to the face of the bluffs. The amount of seepage
appeared to vary from location to location and is likely influenced by drainage area, upstream
collection/piping, general groundwater conditions (i.e., high or low, wet or dry), and bedrock topography.

Photo 2-12

West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit)

12

Photo 2-13

Middle Clay Pit wallwith fresh soil scarp in upper right corner (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-14

Silty sand soil over shale bedrock in West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit)

13

Photo 2-15

Close-up of overhanging soil and root zone in West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-16

Seeping rock outcrop in Middle Clay Pit (July 2014 site visit)

14

Photo 2-17

Middle Clay Pit with snow/ice (from seepage) on face of shale (May 2014 visit)

Photo 2-18

Middle Clay Pit with snow/ice (from seepage) on face of shale (May 2014 site
visit)

15

2.4 Brickyard Trail Including Bruce Vento Spur Trail


As shown in the figures, the Brickyard Trail is a winding path that leads from the park access at West
Water Street near the Mississippi River to the top of the bluff. It continues along the top of the bluff to the
trailhead, transitioning to a paved path that extends along Cherokee Heights Boulevard (near Annapolis
Street) to the parking areas that serve the picnic grounds of Cherokee Regional Park. The lower section of
the Brickyard Trail (west side, Large Figure 1-2) also leads from the old Brick Oven and Echo Cave area to a
trailhead along the top of the bluff and above the Middle Clay Pit. Along the way it passes adjacent to the
waterfall at the south end of the North Knob (Brickyard Trail Lower Falls, Photo 2-19). The Brickyard Trail
ranges from fairly steep to gentle relief and does not appear to exhibit scarps, sloughing soils, or tension
cracking on the trail surface. The Bruce Vento Spur Trail extends along the top of the bluff between the
Brickyard Trail and the overlook.
A primary concern with the Brickyard Trail is the moderate-to-severe erosion from concentrated
stormwater runoff along the straighter and steeper sections of the trail (particularly the Fossil/Brick Oven
section of the trail). This has been particularly problematic along the trails lower reaches. While
maintenance has been implemented, sediment has plugged surface drains and culverts (Photo 2-20), and
runoff has further scoured the trail and exposed the drainage features (Photo 2-21).
A portion of the upper slope of the Brickyard TrailConnector Section, on the grade down from the top of
the bluff, has exhibited slope failures (Photo 2-22, Photo 2-23, Photo 2-24, and Photo 2-25). During the
May 2014 site visit, a few small clods of soil were observed near a park bench along the trail. These clods
had slid down from an upper slope between the trail and Cherokee Heights Boulevard. During the
July 2014 site visit, the area in the immediate vicinity of the park bench was covered with up to several
inches of soilsuggesting that the slide had reactivated.
Significant areas of scarps, sloughing soils, or tension cracking was not observed along the Bruce Vento
Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail, or along the segment of the Brickyard Trail at the top of the bluff
(Brickyard Access TrailBluff Section). This is likely because, for the most part, this trail is located along
Cherokee Heights Boulevardnot along the immediate edge of a steep soil slope. However, after the
June 2014 rain events, it was evident that failure scarps were starting to encroach near a section of the
Spur Trail above the Middle Clay Pit (Photo 2-26). For this reason, soil-boring drillers elected not to use
the trail to access a proposed boring location near the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook, and no sample was
collected.
During the July 2014 site visit, Barr staff also observed an apparent sinkhole that had opened up along the
Brickyard Access TrailBluff Section just north of the intersection of Cherokee Heights Boulevard/Highway
13 and Fremont Avenue (location shown on Large Figure 1-2). The sinkhole, which was about 10 feet deep
and 8 feet across, had engulfed the chain-link fence along the road (Photo 2-27).
Review of the site plans and infrastructure indicate that a storm sewer pipe (running beneath Cherokee
Heights Boulevard and the Brickyard Access TrailBluff Section) extends from the east side of Cherokee
Heights Boulevard/TH13 approximately 50 feet north of Fremont Avenue to an outlet on the face of the
16

bluff. The sinkhole along the trail appears to be due to a defect or failure of the storm sewer pipe,
allowing soils to infiltrate the pipe. This infiltration removed soils from above/around the pipe and, over
time, lessened support of the overlying soils. The overlying soils bridged the infiltrated materials until the
cavity grew too large to span. It is our understanding that the Minnesota Department of Transportation is
working on repairing this pipe and the associated sinkhole.

Photo 2-19

Brickyard Trail Lower Falls (May 2014 site visit)

17

Photo 2-20

Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven Section, plugged and exposed drain tile and
erosion (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-21

Erosion on the Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven Section, looking uphill from the
bottom of the trail (May 2014 site visit)

18

Photo 2-22

View of slope failure above Brickyard TrailConnector Section, the source of soil
on the trail in Photo 2-23 (May 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-23

Soil on the Brickyard TrailConnector Section from slope failure shown in


Photo 2-22 (May 2014 site visit)
19

Photo 2-24

View of slope failure above the Brickyard TrailConnector Section, the source of
soil on the trail in the same location and shown in Photo 2-25 (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-25

Soil on the Brickyard TrailConnector Section from slope failure shown in


Photo 2-24 (July 2014 site visit)

20

Photo 2-26

Slide below the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 2-27

"Sinkhole" along Brickyard Access TrailBluff Section; note sunken fence post
(July 2014 visit)
21

2.5 Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook


The Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook is located on a point generally between the Middle and West Clay Pits
at the southern end of the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail (Large Figure 1-2). The overlook
site includes a seating area in the hillside, a concrete foundation/structure, and flat viewing area with a
fence about 10 to 15 feet from the edge of the bluff.
Approximately 4 feet past the overlook fencing, a mass of overhanging soil was observed (Photo 2-28).
The soils at this location look to be entirely supported by vegetation/root zones. While the roots appear
to have reinforced the surface of the soils, the soils below the effective root zone were not reinforced and
have slid/eroded, leaving the overhang. This overhanging soil mass is a concern and, in our opinion, could
fail when the roots eventually give way. The situation is made more serious because the roots are storing
materials above the failure, which could increase the volume of a potential slide. The vegetation also
masks the presence of the overhang, which could lead to park users inadvertently activating a slide. There
are numerous examples of vegetation/root mats holding upper soils in the Brickyard Area, presenting
similar risks; however, foot traffic near the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook is likely more prevalent.

Photo 2-28

Soil overhang, from above, at Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook (May 2014 site visit)

22

3.0 Geotechnical Analysis


No published national standards exist for data retrieval and geotechnical evaluations. Barr has used the
methods and procedures described in detail in Appendix C. In performing its services, Barr used the
degree of care, skill, and generally accepted engineering methods and practices ordinarily exercised under
similar circumstances, budget, and time constraints by reputable members of its profession practicing in
the same locality. Reasonable effort was made to characterize the project site based on limited site review
and field work. However, conditions may vary at any of the locations where testing was performed, and
further investigation by qualified personnel should be undertaken during preliminary design, final design,
and construction of any projects. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

3.1 Field InvestigationSoil Borings and Lab Analysis


To evaluate the stability of the existing slopes and the effects of potential changes in water
content/saturation, the physical properties of the soil and rock need to be understood. These properties
consist of the following:

Stratigraphy of the soils in the area of interest

Natural moisture content of the soils

Unit weight of the soils and rock

Plasticity of the clay soils/weathered rock

Grain size of the soils

Strength of the soils (both undrained/drained and saturated/unsaturated, as appropriate)

Presence of weak soil/rock layers

Permeability of the soils

A total of five soil borings were completed (one as part of the previous NTI study, four by Barr). Boring
locations are shown on Large Figure 3-1 and described in Appendix C. An additional boring near the West
Clay Pit was proposed as part of this study, but was not taken due to access issues (described in Section
2.4). The termination depths of the borings ranged from approximately 50 to 104 feet below existing
grade, with most of the borings reaching about 100 feet below existing grade.
Soil samples were transported to Soil Engineering Testing (SET) of Richfield, Minnesota, for laboratory
analysis. Results from the laboratory analysis are included in Appendix C.

3.1.1 General Site Geology


The bedrock in the area of Lilydale Regional Park was formed in Cambrian and Ordovician times, when
Minnesota was located in a tropical climate near the equator.
23

The upper bedrock encountered in the park is the lower portion of the Galena Group. The Galena
Limestone, a hard, buff-colored limestone rock, is mapped as the top bedrock unit near the park. Based
on soil borings performed for this study, the Galena Limestone was very thin to absent. The basal member
of the Galena Group is the Decorah Shale, a grayish-green shale rock with a high concentration of fossils
encountered below the site soils (Minnesota Geological Survey 1999). This is the primary bedrock unit in
the park and forms the walls of the three clay pits in the Brickyard Area. It was also the material mined for
brick-making.

3.1.2 Stratigraphy
The stratigraphy (rock and soil layers) of the site generally consists of sandy, glacially derived soils of
variable thickness overlying shale, then sandstone bedrock, as described in the site geology section of
Appendix C. Occasional clay seams were encountered in the soils and interbedded limestone layers were
seen in the Decorah Shale.
Cross sections interpreted from the boring logs are provided in Appendix C to illustrate the inferred
subsurface conditions. As an example, Figure 3-1 shows the stratigraphy for the Middle Clay Pit. The other
cross sections are similar, but with soil layers varying in order and thickness. (For modeling purposes the
presence of the limestone layers inter-bedded with the shale was not included.)

Figure 3-1

Middle Clay Pit modeling cross section showing stratigraphy

3.1.3 Groundwater Conditions


Groundwater was encountered in all of the soil borings directly above the top of the bedrock. In borings
performed near the East and Middle Clay Pits, there were several upper soil layers that were saturated.
However, there were soils below these layers that did not exhibit elevated moisture content; thus, the

24

upper readings recorded during drilling indicated perched water, likely flowing through more permeable
soils, as opposed to a solid water table down to bedrock.
Seepage was observed weeping from many of the site slopes at the soil/bedrock interface, but not usually
seen higher in the slopes. Therefore, the groundwater was assumed to be generally located at the
soil/bedrock interface at most times of the year. Seepage was specifically noted near the top of the
bedrock in the Middle Clay Pit and the rock face in the North Ravine near the North Knob.

3.2 Slope-Stability-Simulation Modeling


SLOPE/W and SEEP/W software, part of the GeoStudio 2012 suite of programs, was used to evaluate the
influence of existing topography, soil strength, and effects of seepage and saturation on the stability of
the slopes within the Brickyard Area. The modeling cross-section locations, shown in Figure 3-1, focused
on areas of moderate-to-large potential slope failure (not shallow, surficial sloughing).
Once the cross sections were defined, SLOPE/W (a limit equilibrium slope-stability-analysis program) was
used to evaluate stability of the selected critical slope sections.
Since the existing slopes have remained stable for extended periods of time, the failures are likely
influenced by the presence of additional soil moisture/saturation, weakening soil and rock, and increased
load at the head of the slopes. Therefore, Barr also evaluated the influence of seepage and saturation
using the SEEP/W component of the GeoStudio 2012 software suite. This component is specifically
designed to perform analysis of seepage, groundwater infiltration, and effects of soil saturation on slope
stability.
Detailed modeling methodology and results are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Modeling Factor of Safety


The factor of safety of a slope is defined as the ratio of the resisting forces in the soil to the driving or
mobilized forces that cause slope movement. Therefore, the point of stability is considered a factor of
safety of 1.0 (driving forces equal to resisting forces). Slopes with a factor of safety less than 1.0 are
considered to be unstable and would fail; slopes with a factor of safety higher than 1.0 are considered
stable (or marginally stable as the safety factor approaches or hovers close to 1.0).
Natural soil slopes which are stable or marginally stable usually have minimum calculated factors of safety
of 1.1 to 1.3. Factors of safety for natural slopes are representative for typical sunny day conditions, but
may be reduced or even drop below 1.0 in the presence of excess moisture from rainfall, changes in
groundwater elevations, etc. Therefore, the factor of safety for a slope should be considered for a range of
anticipated conditions to determine the potential for slope failure. Analyses of several different sets of
conditions to determine the potential for slope failures along the bluff line within the study area were
performed (discussed in more detail in Appendix C).
For a point of reference, Federal Energy Regulation Commission (FERC) guidelines for high-hazard earth
dams require slopes with a factor of safety of 1.5 or greater. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers levee
25

guidelines recommend factors of safety ranging from 1.3 to 1.5, depending on how long the slope
remains in a certain configuration (i.e., a lower factor of safety is required for temporary construction
slopes than would be required for permanent embankments). Thus, the minimum acceptable safety
factors for an engineered slope are often greater than the minimum safety factors observed for natural
slopes.

3.2.2 Soil Suction


Review of the topography at the site indicates that the angle of the slopes exceeds the drained friction
angle of the soils. If the strength of the soils was governed only by the drained friction angles, the slopes
would be unstable and fail. To allow for steep slopes to remain standing, the soils must have additional
strength beyond their angle of friction. The soil mechanism allowing this is called soil suction. Soil suction
is formed by drying or dewatering the soils, which creates a negative pore pressure in the soils pore
spaces and increases the strength of the soil matrix (or provides an apparent cohesion in the soil in excess
of its drained friction angle).
The phenomena of soil suction can be illustrated by thinking of a common sand castle at the beach. Dry
sand will only form a conical pile to a certain angle (the materials drained friction angle). However, sand
with moderate water content will allow much steeper angles to be achieved. Then, as the castle sits in the
sun and dries, the sides of the castle become unstable and slough off. Or, as the tide comes in and the
sand at the base of the castle becomes saturated, the sides of the castle slough and collapse. By drying or
saturating the soils, the suction force is negated; the soil strengths will be governed by their friction angle
and failures will occur.
Modeling of the existing slopes, including suction forces predicted by the physical index characteristics of
the clay soils, suggests a factor of safety ranging from about 1.1 to 1.4. However, when the soils are resaturated the suction force is negated; the soil strengths will be reduced and slope failures will occur.

3.2.3 Saturation and Loss of Stability Due to Rainfall


To determine the effects of rainfall (i.e., saturation of the soils resulting in loss of suction) a unit flux line
located at the ground surface in each of the cross sections was used to model the effects of groundwater
infiltration. The modeling conservatively assumed full infiltration of 3.5 inches of steady precipitation over a
24-hour period. The modeling also assumed both low and high soil permeability. Lower soil permeability is
associated with unsaturated conditions (low moisture content). Very little infiltration occurs in unsaturated
soils, which is why flash flooding occurs in desert environments. Higher soil permeability essentially allows
the full amount of precipitation to infiltrate the soil.
Modeling results using lower permeability (low infiltration), indicated that a single rainfall event of this
magnitude on moderately saturated soils is not, by itself, likely to significantly reduce the stability of the
slopes. However, when higher amounts of infiltration are considered, the factors of safety are reduced
below stability. This indicates that if soil conditions allow for infiltration of some precipitation, the strength
of the natural sand soils is reduced from loss of suction and could result in slope failures.

26

3.2.4 Saturation and Loss of Stability from Elevated Water Table and Ponding
Loss of suction can also be realized through elevation of the groundwater table following periods of
intense rainfall on or upstream of a site within the watershed.
To evaluate the potential for reduction of stability due to loss of suction forces, the groundwater level in
the model was incrementally raised (with an upstream boundary condition) until the minimum predicted
factor of safety for the slope was 1.0.
The increase in groundwater level modeled to reach a factor of safety of 1.0 was on the order of a few to
several feet. Due to the configuration of the slopes, the secondary slopes (Slope 2) for the Waterfall and
Cherokee Heights Ravine cross sections were not analyzed for a high groundwater condition.
Infiltration from ponding will also tend to reduce stability of the slopes. A storm event was modeled with
both dry (sunny day) and full pond conditions for a potential pond upstream from Cherokee Heights
Culvert. Analysis indicates that the stability of the bluff slope is below 1.0 if water is allowed to pond
upstream. If the pond is allowed to drain, the stability of the bluff slope is reducedbut still above 1.0.

3.2.5

Role of Vegetation in Stability

There is diverse vegetation on the upper soil slopes of the study area and trees of various sizesfrom
saplings to mature 40-foot trees. There is also grass/weed vegetation that has formed carpet-like mats on
many of the parks slopes.
In certain scenarios, vegetation can help increase slope stability by reinforcing soils and absorbing water
that would otherwise increase moisture content. However, trees in the study area have not stabilized the
larger slides, as evidenced by the trees caught in the large 2014 landslide. Furthermore, trees that are
overhanging or near the edge of slopes may help trigger landslides when undermined, unstable, or blown
overdragging the surrounding soils down the slope.
The root mats formed from the grassy/weed vegetation is effective at stabilizing the surface of the slopes,
to a depth of approximately one foot. However, as seen on many of the slopes in the West and Middle
Clay Pits, these mats of root-reinforced soils appear to reach a critical condition and result in slope
failures. In fact, it appears that the soils on the slopes may actually store materials in the root mats,
potentially making the volume of the slides slightly larger than if the soils were allowed to ravel on unvegetated slopes. Therefore, caution should be exercised below steep, vegetated, natural slopes (i.e.,
against the steep slopes of the clay pits). And, because the failure surface extends well below the root
zones that bind the soils, neither trees nor grass/weed vegetation should be considered to stabilize the
upper soil slopes.
Ultimately, some form of surface vegetation should be placed on the park slopes. Otherwise, erosion will
create large amounts of downstream sediment that is both costly and time-consuming to manage. If
slopes are re-graded or existing vegetation is removed, vegetation that is suitable to park conditions and
able to minimize soil erosion is recommended. Removal of larger trees overhanging or near the edge of

27

the soil slopes may also be beneficial, reducing these as a trigger mechanism for slides and/or reducing
the volume of slide events.

3.3 Summary of Geotechnical Findings


Seepage and soil saturation (which results in a loss of suction) can reduce stability of the slopes.
Geotechnical modeling results indicate that the infiltration of approximately 3.5 inches of water in a 24hour period is enough to impact soil stability. Loss of suction can also be realized through elevation of the
groundwater table following periods of heavy precipitation either at the site or upstream within the
watershed. Modeling results also indicate that a rise in the groundwater table caused by seepage (an
increase of a few to several feet) can also impact slope stability.
Table 3-1 summarizes the predicted slope stability factors of safety based on modeling various soil
conditions at various locations. These factors of safety are based on limited information and intended to
be general in nature. Additional subsurface investigation and geotechnical evaluation at these specific
locations is necessary to refine these values. As previously discussed, slopes with a factor of safety of less
than 1.0 are considered to be unstable; slopes with a factor of safety greater than 1.0 are considered
stable or marginally stable; safety factors of engineered slopes are discussed in Section 3.2.1.

28

Table 3-1

Predicted slope-stability factors of safety, based on modeling various soil


conditions
Infiltration of 3.5 Inches of
Water in 24 Hours

No Suction

With Suction

No Suction

With Suction

Water Table
Elevation to
Reduce Factor of
3
Safety to 1.0
(elevation in feet)

North end

0.75

1.40

0.75

1.29

921.5

Waterfall Landslide:
Slope 1

0.66

1.18

0.59

0.78

855

Waterfall Landslide:
Slope 2

0.83

2.34

0.83

1.91

--

Cherokee Heights:
Slope 1

0.70

1.53

0.70

1.11

918

Cherokee Heights:
Slope 1 (ponding)

0.70

1.03

0.47

0.52

--

Cherokee Heights:
Slope 2

1.34

1.53

1.48

2.33

--

Cherokee Heights:
Slope 2 (ponding)

1.34

1.53

1.48

2.01

--

Middle Clay Pit

0.68

1.22

0.68

0.92

910.5

0.58

1.11

0.58

0.73

901

Sunny Day Conditions


Analyzed Cross
Sections

Factor of Safety

West Clay Pit

Factor of Safety

Factors of safety are based on limited boring/subsurface investigations (May and June 2014) and the assumption that the
soil borings referenced in this report are representative of the identified locations.

The boring in the area of the West Clay Pit was not obtained due to access issues; soil conditions in the West Clay Pit
were assumed to be similar to the Middle Clay Pit.

The secondary slope (Slope 2) for the Waterfall and Cherokee Heights Ravine cross sections were not analyzed for high
groundwater condition. High groundwater condition was also not evaluated in the ponding analysis for the Cherokee
Heights Ravine section; see Table 4-6, Appendix C.

3.3.1 Potential for Slope Failure


Risk is a difficult concept to quantify, and the term will have different meanings for different people and
organizations. The scope of this study was not designed to identify all sources of risk inherent in the use
of Lilydale Regional Park, but to evaluate the potentially unstable slopes in the Brickyard Area of the park.
It should also be noted that the scope did not include identifying and analyzing every slope or feature
within the Brickyard Area.
To evaluate risks associated with areas of the park the following tasks were performed:

Portions of the study area were observed during two site visits.

Previous evaluations of slope instability in the park were reviewed.

29

Soil borings were completed and laboratory testing was performed to determine the subsurface
characteristics.

Slope-stability modeling was performed using parameters derived from the soil borings and
laboratory test results.

Stormwater modeling was performed.

Based on these factors and engineering judgment gained from experience with slope-stability issues at
other project sites, the existing conditions (July 2014) of the study area were categorized as low-risk,
moderate-risk, or high-risk. These rating categories are specific to this project and not based on industry
standards. They are described below and shown in Large Figure 3-2.

3.3.1.1 High-Risk Areas


Areas categorized as high-risk have the following features or characteristics:

Likelihood for large-volume circular-failure or block-failure landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from significant heights

Likelihood for persons to be caught in a slide from above the failure surface

History of previous large-volume slides

3.3.1.2 Moderate-Risk Areas


Areas categorized as moderate-risk have the following features or characteristics:

Likelihood for lesser-volume circular-failure or surficial translational-failure landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from lower heights

History of previous lesser-volume slides

3.3.1.3 Low-Risk Areas


Areas categorized as low-risk have the following features or characteristics:

Generally flatter grades and minimal likelihood for landslides

Likelihood for soils to fall from lower heights

No apparent history or evidence of landslides

Areas that were not observed during the May and July 2014 site visits, but generally have similar
characteristics to other low-risk areas within the study area

Note that no area of the park was considered no-risk. The uncertainty of weather, soil type, strength and
stratigraphy, and human activity always pose some risk due to unexpected movement of soils.
30

4.0 Stormwater Analysis


One of the objectives of this study is to identify and evaluate erosion issues along the Brickyard Trail and
in other ravines within the Brickyard Area and identify stormwater management techniques to reduce
erosion. Understanding drainage characteristics within this area, including stormwater inflow locations,
flow rates, and flow velocities, is a key to identifying and addressing erosion problems.

4.1 Stormwater Flow Simulation Modeling


An XP-SWMM hydrologic and hydraulic model was developed to estimate stormwater depths and
corresponding flows and velocities in the storm sewer system, channels, and ravines throughout the study
area. XP-SWMM uses rainfall and watershed characteristics to estimate local runoff, which is routed
through pipe and overland-flow networks. The XP-SWMM hydrologic and hydraulic model was developed
to gain a better understanding of drainage patterns throughout the study area and flows and velocities
through the ravines and their tributary drainage areas. The model for the drainage area discharging to the
60-inch Cherokee Heights Boulevard culvert was developed in conjunction with the Cherokee Heights
Culvert Analysis and Erosion Control Feasibility Study commissioned by the Lower Mississippi River
Watershed Management Organization.
The drainage area was delineated into subwatersheds that represent major stormwater inflow points at
the top of the bluff and along the ravines. The subwatershed divides are shown in Large Figure 4-1. The
model includes storm sewer information provided by the contributing cities. There are three culverts
under Cherokee Heights Boulevard that serve as the main stormwater discharge points into the Brickyard
Area of Lilydale Regional Park. The location of the storm sewer pipes and the three culverts under
Cherokee Heights Boulevard are also shown in Large Figure 4-1.
The ravines are modeled using representative natural channel cross sections to reflect the unique shapes
of the ravines at specific locations along the bluff and throughout the Brickyard Area, based on 2011
topographic information provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
The model was used to simulate the 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 50-, and 100-year frequency 24-hour rainfall events
based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 precipitation frequency
estimates. Detailed modeling methodology and results can be found in Appendix D.

4.1

Summary of Stormwater Findings

Site observations during the field visits identified erosion issues in some ravines within the Brickyard Area,
including significant erosion in the Cherokee Heights Ravine. High flow rates and velocities in this channel,
in combination with erodible, sandy soils appear to be (1) contributing to some localized instability of
adjacent slopes, (2) removing material from the toes of the slopes, (3) destabilizing the upper slopes, and
(4) causing slides into the ravine.
Site observations during the field visits also identified erosion issues along portions of the Brickyard Trail.
The erosion problems generally appear to be a result of concentrated stormwater runoff along the
31

straighter and steeper sections of the trail (particularly the Fossil/Brick Oven section of the trail). This has
been problematic along the trails lower reaches.
To adequately address the ravine and trail erosion issues, it is important to understand the flow rates and
flow velocities in the various channels throughout the Brickyard Area. Table 4-1 provides a summary of
the peak flow rates at the three main stormwater discharge points into the Brickyard Area for various
storm events. For all the storm events modeled, 6075% of the total peak stormwater discharge into the
Brickyard Area comes through culvert B (Cherokee Heights Culvert) on Large Figure 4-1. This discharges
to the Cherokee Heights Ravine.
Table 4-1

Peak flow rates for crossings along Cherokee Heights (locations on Large
Figure 4-1)
Peak Flow Rates (cfs)

Atlas 14
24-Hour
Storm
Event

Precipitation
Amount over a
24-Hour
Period (inches)

A: North Cherokee
Heights Tributary

B: Cherokee Heights
C: Freemont Avenue
Tributary
Tributary
(Main Basin)
Tributary Area: 47 Acres Tributary Area: 22 Acres

Tributary Area: 5 Acres

1 year

2.5

54

17

2 year

2.8

70

20

5 year

3.5

12

109

42

10 year

4.2

17

116

60

50 year

6.3

31

252

62*

100 year

7.5

37

295

62*

* Capacity limitations of the Fremont Avenue culvert result in surface overflows northward to the 60-inch culvert under
Cherokee Heights.

Since there is no known storm sewer pipe system actively conveying water within the Brickyard Area,
runoff from the Brickyard Area downstream of Cherokee Heights Boulevard generally flows overland
following the slope of the land. The estimated flow velocities within the ravine channels reflect flow from
the culverts under Cherokee Heights Boulevard combined with localized runoff from the Brickyard Area.
The peak flow velocities vary by reach, depending on contributing flow rate, channel shape, and channel
slope. The highest predicted peak velocities generally correspond with the reaches observed to have the
most significant erosionspecifically the 300-foot stretch of Cherokee Heights Ravine downstream of the
Cherokee Heights Culvert, the Lower North Stream Channel, and just downstream of the Cherokee
Heights Boulevard culvert near Fremont Avenue, all shown in Large Figure 4-1.

32

5.0 Recommendations
Large Figure 5-1 presents a summary of recommendations for erosion control and alternatives for
stabilizing steep slopes or restricting access to those slopes. Also included are recommendations
regarding public access to fossil hunting areas. It is important to state that all recommendations in this
report are Barrs opinion, based on limited subsurface investigation/soil borings, available topographic
and site information, modeling, and site investigations performed in May and July of 2014. Site
investigations were general in nature and did not include observations of the entire Brickyard Area and
study limits. All figures and recommendations are based on the conditions observed during the site visits.
Additional site visits, geotechnical investigation, subsurface investigation/borings, and soils testing must
be performed to refine the recommendations at specific areas of the park and address any changed
conditions.

5.1 General Recommendations


General recommendations include:

Restrict accessAs further discussed in specific recommendations, restricting access to the two
areas shown on Large Figure 5-1 is recommended. An additional, parallel approach would be to
encourage park patrons to stay within the lowest risk areas of the park. Signage and/or fencing
can be used for both approaches.

Place barriers and signageInstitutional controls such as barriers/fencing and/or proper


signage should be placed at access points to restricted areas. In addition, appropriate signage
should be placed at general park access points to alert patrons about restricted access areas.

Perform additional researchThe City should conduct research and consult with National Parks
staff and/or risk-planning professionals on industry-accepted best practices for managing risk in
natural park settings.

Re-vegetate slopesWhere feasible, the slopes of the park should be re-vegetated to minimize
erosion of the surface soils. Removing larger trees that overhang or are near the edge of slope
crests may also be beneficial. These trees can be a trigger mechanism for slides and/or increase
the volume of slide events. If slopes are re-graded or existing vegetation is removed, we
recommend that appropriate vegetation (as feasible) be placed to minimize soil erosion and the
downstream sediment that compromises water quality in Pickerel Lake.

Perform inspectionsInspections by a geotechnical engineer licensed in the State of Minnesota


should be performed at least annually and following significant precipitation events or changes in
conditions observed by City staff, with subsequent review of potential slope failure risk areas. The
City may want to consider 5-year contracts so consistent annual inspections are performed by a
technical team.

33

Update informationLarge Figure 3-2 (potential for slope failure under existing conditions) and
other appropriate figures in this report should be re-evaluated and updated, as necessary,
following each inspection.

Consider monitoringThe City could consider monitoring techniques (tilt meters, inclinometers,
piezometers, etc.) to better evaluate changes in the park, including reductions in slope stability
from infiltration or groundwater and movement of slopes. However, costs associated with
monitoring equipment extend beyond installation, including maintenance and observation (e.g.,
regular measurement readings, data download, etc.). Additionally, monitoring is very site-specific;
therefore, several monitoring stations (depending on desired spacing along the bluff) would be
required to monitor the entire bluff line within the Brickyard Area. More specific
recommendations related to (1) ravine stabilization/stormwater management, (2) erosion along
the Brickyard Trail, and (3) stabilizing steep slopes are described in the following sections.

5.2 Planning-Level Opinion of Construction Costs


A planning-level opinion of construction cost has been developed for several of the conceptual
alternatives that would require significant capital expenditures or construction activities. These are
included with site-specific recommendations. The estimated costs should be considered screening-level,
order-of- magnitude opinions of costs, based on the current limited level of project definition. These
estimates are intended to provide assistance in evaluating and comparing alternatives and should not be
assumed as absolute values for given alternatives. These opinions of probable cost generally correspond
to a Class-4 estimate based on standards established by the Association for the Advancement of Cost
Engineering (AACE). A Class-4 cost estimate is characterized by limited project definition (typically 115
percent), wide-scale use of parametric models to calculate estimated costs (i.e., making extensive use of
order-of-magnitude costs from similar projects or proposals), and high uncertainty. The expected
accuracy range for these point estimates is -30 percent to +50 percent.
All estimated construction costs are presented in 2014 U.S. dollars. Life-cycle analysisincluding longterm maintenance and escalation costs, engineering and design, and other non-construction costsis
beyond the scope of this study and not included.

5.3 Ravine Stabilization/Stormwater Management


We recommend that access to the portion of the northern Brickyard Area outlined on Large Figure 5-1
(red-dashed line) be restricted. This is generally a high- or medium-risk area downslope of a high-risk area
(Large Figure 3-2). This appears to be an active slide area and is considered unstable; recent slides have
resulted in significant amounts of material moving downslope. Restricting access could be accomplished
with signage, fencing, or a combination. In addition, the Lower North Stream Channel could be
reestablished and stabilized, as long as the upstream ravine areas (including the North Knob area) are
inspected consistently for additional erosion and/or are stabilized (see Section 5.5.3 for more specific
slope-stabilization recommendations). Once the Lower North Stream Channel is stabilized, the Brickyard
Trail Culvert should be replaced with a small span bridge or oversized box culvert. This would be less
restrictive of flow and less prone to plugging or washing out, while still providing a stable trail crossing for
34

maintenance vehicles. Specific recommendations for ravine stabilization and stormwater management in
this area are listed below, in order of priority and operation. (A complete list of alternatives considered is
provided in Appendix A).
1.

Restrict access to the Cherokee Heights Ravine, North Ravine, and Lower North Stream Channel
area (as shown in Large Figure 5-1). A planning-level cost range for fencing this area is $112,000
$240,000. (Costs are highly dependent on the actual length and type of fencing selectedthis
estimate assumes fencing for the entire length of the restrict access area shown for the northern
part of the Brickyard Area). Note that restricting this area includes closing Fossil Site 2. Fossil
Site 1 is located outside the restrict access area. The restrict access area should be reassessed
once the following ravine stabilization/stormwater management recommendations have been
implemented.

2.

Stabilize the steep slopes in this area (as described in Section 5.5.3).

3.

Reestablish and stabilize the channel in the Lower North Stream Channel using river rock riprap,
as shown in Photo 5-1 (planning-level cost range: $161,000$345,000). Boulder riffles, as shown in
Photo 5-2, could potentially be added for aesthetics and to help reduce flow velocities (planninglevel cost range: $9,000$18,000).

4.

Once the ravine is reestablished and stabilized, replace the Brickyard Trail Culvert with a small
span bridge, similar to the example shown in Photo 5-3 (planning level cost range: $63,000
$135,000).

The Cherokee Heights Ravine, starting at Cherokee Heights Boulevard (including the culvert) and
extending downstream approximately 300 feet, is being addressed through the Cherokee Heights Culvert
Analysis and Erosion Control Feasibility Study, commissioned by the Lower Mississippi River Watershed
Management Organization. The goals of that project are to reduce erosion potential by stabilizing the
approximately 300 feet of channel between the 60-inch Cherokee Heights Culvert and the water fall and
reducing peak flow rates and velocities, as feasible. Therefore, no recommendations for this portion of the
Cherokee Heights Ravine are provided in this report. However, it is important to note the difference
between the slope-stability issues in this area and the ravine/channel erosion due to stormwater. It is our
opinion that even if erosion due to stormwater runoff is addressed in this stretch of the Cherokee Heights
ravine, the potential for slope failure still exists, as reflected in Large Figure 3-2.

35

Photo 5-1

Example of riprap

Photo 5-2

Example of a boulder riffle

36

Photo 5-3

Example of a small span bridge at a creek crossing

5.4 Brickyard Trail Erosion


The most significant erosion on the Brickyard Trail is a portion of the Fossil/Brick Oven section highlighted
in solid red on Large Figure 5-1. This section stretches from the lower portion of the Brickyard Trail to the
connector section of the trail. It has steeper slopes than other portions of the trail and is located such
that stormwater drains on and along the trail. While considered a low-risk area for slope failure, it has
been impacted by erosion caused by stormwater runoff. Since this section of the trail is part of the main
thoroughfareconnecting the lower portion of the park to the upper/bluff portionwe recommend
stabilizing it and encouraging park patrons (using signage, fencing, or other measures) not to leave this
trail. One or more of the following options is recommended for stabilizing, reinforcing, and/or reducing
future erosion of this portion of the trail. Continued maintenance is important for all options.
1.

Install Geoweb (examples shown in Photo 5-4, Photo 5-5, and Photo 5-6) to stabilize and reinforce the
trail (planning-level cost range: $77,000$164,000).

2.

Repair the trail and install waterbars (conceptual drawing shown in Figure 5-1) to deflect water off the
trail and reduce future erosion (planning-level cost range: $42,000$90,000).

3.

Install a side channel (reinforced ditching) along the side of the trail and resurface this area
(planning-level cost range: $79,000$170,000).

37

Photo 5-4

Example of Geoweb erosion control (Source: www.prestogeo.com, used with


permission)

Photo 5-5

Cross section view of Geoweb


(Source: www.prestogeo.com,
used with permission)

Photo 5-6

38

Example of Geoweb on a steep


slope (prior to infill) (Source:
www.prestogeo.com, used with
permission)

Figure 5-1

Conceptual drawing of a waterbar

5.5 Steep-Slope Stabilization


5.5.1 Middle and West Clay Pits, Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook, and Bruce Vento
Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail (Southern Brickyard Area)
The southern portion of the Brickyard Area is characterized by steep slopes at or near the Middle and
West Clay Pits and the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook. These are considered high-risk areas. Restricting
access to this portion of the park is recommended within the area outlined by a red-dashed line on Large
Figure 5-1. The restrict access line on Large Figure 5-1 extends to the junction of the Bruce Vento Spur
of the Brickyard Access Trail and the Bluff Section of the trailthe areas of highest risk. Restricting access
in and around these clay pits and the scenic overlook could be accomplished using signage, fencing, or a
combination. Fossil Sites 3 and 4 are both outside the restrict access area.
If the City would prefer that these currently high-risk areas remain open to park patrons, we recommend
using mechanical slope stabilization. Mechanical slope-stabilization options include grading to a stable
slope (conceptual drawing shown in Figure 5-2), soil nailing (conceptual drawing shown in Figure 5-3;
example shown in Photo 5-7), piling (e.g., H piles, as shown in Figure 5-4 and Photo 5-8), or placing
sheetpile walls, often in combination with grading (conceptual drawing shown in Figure 5-2). Additional
information regarding mechanical slope-stabilization options, presented to City staff at a September 2014
meeting, is included in Appendix B. Mechanical slope-stabilization options are expensive, and the design
39

and cost of these options are highly dependent on specific site characteristics, desired aesthetics, and
project limits (e.g., Cherokee Heights Boulevard). Planning-level construction costs (not including
engineering and design) can range from several hundred thousand to several million dollars. Additional
testing and analyses, as described in Section 5.0 of Appendix C, should be considered during final design
if mechanical steep-slope-stabilization methods are pursued.
The Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook (described in Section 2.5) is considered a high-risk area due to the
potential instability of the steep slopes on the west side of the overlook (Large Figure 3-2). We
recommend that this area be closed or the slopes below the trail be stabilized due to the potential risk of
slope failure. Another option would be to relocate the overlook further back toward Cherokee Heights
Boulevard (Highway 13) in the wider area of land between the Middle and West Clay Pits and restrict
access closer to the edge of the bluffs. While there appears to be enough stable area to relocate and
reconstruct the overlook, it is possible that the slope failures may eventually encroach. Therefore, it would
be important to continually monitor the area to track encroachment of unstable slopes. If the overlook is
relocated, we recommended that the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail also be stabilized or a
new access trail constructed.

5.5.2 Brickyard TrailConnector Section


There are also steep slopes that run between the Middle and East Clay Pits, crossing the connector section
of the Brickyard Trail. This area is not part of a clay pit; it does not contain cliff faces/drop-offs and is not
downslope of a high-risk area. It does, however, exhibit a steep enough slope to lead to less severe slope
failures. For this reason, it is considered a medium-risk area (shown in yellow on Large Figure 3-2). While
this is not part of the recommended restrict access area, a portion of the connector section of the
Brickyard Trail (location shown on Large Figure 2-1, Photo 2-24) is located downslope of a medium-risk
area. We recommend stabilizing that particular section of slope. In the interim, we also recommend
removing or relocating the park bench along this section of the Brickyard Trail.
This steep slope could be stabilized using vegetated reinforced soil slopes (VRSS). VRSS is well-suited to
trail edges; but, because natural materials are used, sunlight is required to support plant growth. Examples
of VRSS are shown in Photo 5-9, Photo 5-10, and Photo 5-11. There may be sufficient space in this area to
grade the uphill slopes to a stable angle, similar to the grading-to-stable-slope option recommended
for the North Knob Area and discussed in the next section.

5.5.3 The North Knob Area


This area has been the location of two recent large-volume slides and is considered high-risk for slope
failure; therefore, restricting access to this area of the park is recommended.
In addition, seepage was observed emerging from the fresh scarp following the slide observed during the
July 2014 site visit (Photo 2-6). It may be beneficial to reduce this seepage, which may have been a factor
in the observed failure and a potential contributor to future failures. Typical methods for controlling
seepage include using graded filters or armored channels.

40

If the City would prefer that this area remain open to park patrons, we recommend using mechanical
slope-stabilization optionsspecifically, grading to a stable slope. In most areas of the park, the proximity
of surrounding infrastructure (roads, buildings, trails, etc.) is relatively close to the soil slopes that require
stabilization. In these areas there may not be sufficient space to flatten the grade of the slopes without
using additional stabilization measures (e.g., grading to a stable slope in conjunction with a sheetpile
wall). The North Knob area, however, is further from the general bluff line, offering greater opportunity to
grade soils without affecting surrounding infrastructure. Grading the North Knob area to a stable slope
and providing erosion protection would likely reduce sediment loading to downstream water bodies.
Successfully stabilizing this area may also reduce the recommended restrict access areas of the park.

5.5.4 Summary of Steep-Slope-Stabilization Recommendations


Following is a summary of the steep-slope-stabilization recommendations:
1.

Restrict access to the Middle and West Clay Pit areas and the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook (as
shown in Large Figure 5-1). A planning-level cost range for fencing this area is $84,000$180,000.
(Costs are highly dependent on the actual length and type of fencing selectedthis estimate
assumes fencing for the entire length of the restrict access area shown for the southern portion
of the Brickyard Area.) The restrict access area should be reassessed following implementation
of the following steep-slope recommendations.

2.

Relocate or mechanically stabilize the Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook.

3.

Mechanically stabilize the section of the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Access Trail
highlighted in Large Figure 5-1.

4.

Stabilize a portion of the connector section of the Brickyard Trail using VRSS, assuming the
canopy cover is not too dense for sunlight penetration (planning-level cost range: $20,000
$50,000). This area could also be stabilized by grading to a stable slope. In the interim, remove (or
relocate) the park bench downslope of this area.

5.

Stabilize the North Knob by grading to a stable slope. Although developing this alternative and
providing a planning-level construction cost is beyond the scope of this study, the minimum cost
is expected to be several hundred thousand dollars. Evaluating and addressing seepage concerns
in this area would not to be included in this stabilization option.

6.

Additional testing and analyses, as described in Section 5.0 of Appendix C, should be considered
during final design if mechanical steep-slope-stabilization methods are pursued.

41

Figure 5-2

Conceptual example of grading to a stable slope and installing a sheetpile wall


to protect the roadway

Figure 5-3

Conceptual example of soil nailing

42

Photo 5-7

An example of soil nailing (Source: Nicholson Construction Company, used with


permission)

Figure 5-4

Conceptual example of soldier piling

43

Photo 5-8

Photo of soldier piling along the Mississippi River in Minneapolis

Photo 5-9

Example of vegetated reinforced soil slope (VRSS) before vegetation


reestablishes

44

Photo 5-10

Example of VRSS (note vegetation stakes)

Photo 5-11

Example of VRSS after vegetation has grown

45

6.0 References
American Engineering Testing. 2010. Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee Regional
Trail Widening. St. Paul : American Engineering Testing, 2010.
American Engineering Testing, Inc. 2011. Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee
Regional Trail Widening along Cherokee Heights Boulevard. St. Paul : American Engineering Testing, 2011.
Bonestroo. 2009. Lilydale Regional Park Natural Resources Management Plan. St. Paul : Bonestroo, 2009.
Mossler, J. and Benson, S. 2006. Minnesota at a Glance: Fossil Collecting in the Twin Cities Area. St. Paul :
Minnesota Geological Survey, 2006.
Northern Technologies, Inc. 2013. Lilydale Regional Park Slope Failure Investigation. s.l. : Northern
Technologies, Inc., 2013.
The Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering. 2005. AACE International Recommended
Practice No. 18R-97: Cost Estimating Classification System as Applied in Engineering, Procurement, and
Construction for the Process Industries. 2005.
US Department of Agriculture, US Forest Service. 2007. Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook.
s.l. : US Department of Agriculture, 2007.

46

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West Clay Pit

k
k
!
<

Waterfall
Seep
Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook

#
V

Echo Cave

!
?

Brick Oven

10 ft contours derived from 2011 DNR LiDAR.

Site Visit Photo


Railroad
Undeveloped Footpath
Brickyard Trail

Brickyard Access Trail

Paved Trail

10 ft Contour1

Sutcliff C

ir

Ravine/Stream Channel
Included in Study
Wetland

Study Limits
Clay Pit Wall
Fossil Bed

100

200

St

SITE VISIT PHOTO KEY


Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park
St. Paul, Minnesota

Feet

FIGURE 2-1

er
at
W

Cherokee Heights Blvd

St

No
rt h

En

SB-2-14
Chippewa Ave

"
)

k
Wa
ter
k
f al l

k
k

"
)

NTI Boring SB #1

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V

Che

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STP-B-2
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rok

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ght
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Annapolis St

sR

av i
ne

STP-B-1

Fremont Ave

k
k Mid

SB-3-14

Lo
n

k
k
!
<

Waterfall
Seep
Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook

#
V

Echo Cave

!
?

Brick Oven

"
)

Soil Boring

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n

13

l ay

Pi
t

Sutcliff C

Miria
m

ir

St

St

Winston Ct

Chippewa Ave

Winston Cir

Do
wn
in

Pi

Hiawatha Ave

Simard St

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tC

ay

La

Diego La

Barr Footer: ArcGIS 10.2.2, 2015-01-08 10:34 File: I:\Client\SaintPaul\23621151_Lilydale_Reg_Park\Maps\Reports\Report\SoilBorings.mxd User: mjw

"
)
dl
e
Cl

W
es

Ga
rd
en

Rd

Railroad

Study Limits

Geotechnical Modeling
Cross-Section

Clay Pit Wall

Undeveloped Footpath
Brickyard Trail
Brickyard Access Trail
Paved Trail
Ravine/Stream Channel
Included in Study

Wetland
Fossil Bed
0

125
Feet

250

SOIL BORINGS AND


MODELED GEOTECHNICAL
CROSS-SECTIONS
Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park
St. Paul, Minnesota
FIGURE 3-1

St
er
at
W

Che rok e e Re gional Park


Park ing/
Pic
nicAre a

Bricky
ardT rail Culve rt

Lowe r Nort
hSt
re am Channe l

Nort
hRavine Falls

Bricky
ardT rail Lowe r Se c
t
ion

Bricky
ardT rail
Lowe r Falls

Nort
hRavine
OldScarp

Nort
hKnob

2013Slope Failure Are a

#
V

Bricky
ardT rail Brs
ic
kB
y
a
rd
ra
ile n
Fos
il/
ric
k TO
v
Se ct
ion

Nort
hChe rok e e He ight
sCulve rt

Nort
hwe stSlope Failure

EastClayPit
Falls
Che rok e e He ight
s
Ravine

Fossil Sit
e 2

Fossil Sit
e 1

!
?

Che rok e e He ight


sCulve rt
EastClayPitWalls

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Sink hole

Fre m ontAve

Fre m ont
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igh
t
sB
lvd

Bricky
ardT rail Conne ct
or Se c
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Gea
Bricky
ardAcc
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Bluff Se ct
ion
La

Middle ClayPit

13

Hi
aw
at
ha
Av
e

Barr Footer: ArcGIS 10.3, 2015-01-29 09:41 File: I:\Client\SaintPaul\23621151_Lilydale_Reg_Park\Maps\Reports\Report\PotentialForSlopeFailure.mxd User: sms

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e dhe re isspe cifict
ot
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tandisnotbase d
on indust
ryst
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Fossil Sit
e 4

!
<

High Risk Areas


Are ascat
e gorize dashighrisk have t
he followingfe at
ure sor charact
e rist
ics:

Lik e lihoodfor large v


olum e c
irc
ularfailure or blockfailure landslide s

Lik e lihoodfor soilst


o fall from signific
anthe ight
s

Lik e lihoodfor pe rsonst


o be c
aughtin aslide from above t
he failure s
urface

His
t
oryof pre v
iouslarge volum e slide s
Si
ma
rd
St

Bricky
ardAcce ssT rail Bruce Ve nt
o Spur

Moderate Risk Areas


Are ascat
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erisk have t
he followingfe at
ure sor
c
haract
e rist
ic
s:

Lik e lihoodfor le ss
e r volum e circ
ularfailure or surficial t
ranslat
ionalfailure
Miria
lands
lide s
m St

Lik e lihoodfor soilst


o fall from lowe r he ight
s

His
t
oryof pre v
iousle ss
e rvolum e slide s

cliff Cir
Sut

We stClayPit

Low Risk Areas


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e gorize daslowrisk have t
he followingfe at
ure sor charact
e rist
ics:

Ge ne rallyflat
t
e r grade sandm inim al lik e lihoodfor lands
lide s

Lik e lihoodfor soilst


o fall from lowe r he ight
s

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hatwe re notobse rv
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he MayandJuly2014sit
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,andhum an ac
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ivit
yalwayspose
s
om e risk due t
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k
k

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<

Wat
e rfall
Se e p
Bruce Ve nt
o Sce nic
Ove rlook

#
V

Ec
ho Cav
e

!
?

Brick Ove n

Bricky
ardT rail Se ct
ion
Bre ak Point
s

10ftc
ont
oursde rive dfrom 201
1DNR LiDAR.

Culv
e rtCrossing
Railroad
10ftCont
our 1
Unde ve lope dFoot
pat
h
BrickyardT rail

BrickyardAcce ssT rail


Pav
e dT rail

Ravine /
St
re am Channe l
I
nclude din St
udy

ClayPitWall
St
udyLim it
s

Fossil Be d

Pot
e nt
ial for Slope Failure
(
or Slope Failure Risk)
High

Me dium
Low

100
Feet

200

POTENTIAL FOR SLOPE FAILURE


(BASED ON JULY 2014
SITE CONDITIONS)
Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park
St. Paul, Minnesota
FIGURE 3-2

W Sidney St
St

Chippewa Ave

W Curtice St

A: North Cherokee
Heights Culvert

k
k k

Waterfall

<
!

Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook

Seep

Storm Sewer Manholes

S Cherokee Heights Ave

Culvert Crossing
Storm Sewer Pipes
Ravine/Stream Channel Included
in Study
Subwatershed Divides
Major Watersheds

W Winona St

Cherokee Heights
Cherokee Ravine

k
k

Cherokee Ravine 2

ts
B
igh
He
ee
ok
Ch
er

C: Fremont Avenue Culvert

Fremont

S Smith Ave

W Wyoming St
S Delaware Ave

lvd

B: Cherokee Heights Culvert

S Ottawa Ave

er
at
W

k
k

Fremont Ravine
Fremont Ravine 2
Fremont Ravine 3
Trail

Annapolis St

Ga

rd

en

La

Hiawatha Ave

Dewerff St

Smith Ave

d
R

St

Winston Ct

od
d

I
0

150

300

Feet

W Be

rnard

St

STORMWATER MODELING
Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park
St. Paul, Minnesota

Do
wn
in

Ottawa Ave

Miria
m St

Sutcliff Cir

149

Cherokee Ave

<
!

Chippewa Ave

Simard St

Delaware Ave

13

Manomin Ave

Mina St

Diego La

Barr Footer: ArcGIS 10.3, 2015-01-29 09:42 File: I:\Client\SaintPaul\23621151_Lilydale_Reg_Park\Maps\Reports\Report\StormwaterModelLandscape.mxd User: sms

Fremont Ave

FIGURE 4-1

er
at
W

St

Brickyard Trail Culvert

Cherokee Regional Park


Parking/Picnic Area

Lower North Stream Channel

Brickyard Trail Lower Section

North Ravine Falls


Northwest Slope Failure

k
Brickyard Trail
Lower Falls

North Ravine

North Knob

Old Scarp

2013 Slope Failure Area

#
V

East Clay Pit


Falls
Cherokee Heights
Ravine

Fossil Site 2

Fossil Site 1

!
?

North Cherokee Heights Culvert

Brickyard Trail Fossil/Brick Oven


0
Section

Cherokee Heights Culvert


East Clay Pit

Annapolis St
Fremont Avenue Culvert

Sinkhole

Brickyard Trail Connector Section

He

igh

ts
B

lvd

Fremont Ave

Ch
er

ok

ee

Fossil Site 3

k
Barr Footer: ArcGIS 10.3, 2015-01-29 09:43 File: I:\Client\SaintPaul\23621151_Lilydale_Reg_Park\Maps\Reports\Report\Recommendations.mxd User: sms

Ga
Brickyard Access Trail - rden
La
Bluff Section

k
Middle Clay Pit
Av
at
ha

Brickyard Access Trail Bruce Vento Spur

Si
ma

rd
S

!
<

Hi
aw

Fossil Site 4

13

Miria
m St

ir
Sutcliff C

West Clay Pit

ESRI Imagery, 4/4/2012.

k
k

!
<

Waterfall
Seep
Bruce Vento Scenic
Overlook

#
V

Echo Cave

!
?

Brick Oven

Brickyard Trail Section


Break Points
Culvert Crossing
Railroad
Undeveloped Footpath
Brickyard Trail

Brickyard Access Trail


Paved Trail

Ravine/Stream Channel
Included in Study

Recommendations

Cherokee Heights
Project
Inspect for Erosion
Replace Culvert
Stabilize Ravine
Stabilize Slope
Stabilize Trail

Restrict Access
Fossil Bed Proposed to
Remain Open
Fossil Bed Proposed to
Close
Wetland
Clay Pit Wall
Study Limits

I
100
Feet

200

RECOMMENDATIONS
Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park
St. Paul, Minnesota
FIGURE 5-1

Appendix A
Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management
Alternatives
Prepared for
City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation
January 28, 2015

4700 West 77th Street


Minneapolis, MN 55435-4803
Phone: 952.832.2600
Fax:
952.832.2601

Appendix A
Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives
January 28, 2015

List of Tables
Table A-1

Summary of ravine stabilization and stormwater management alternatives.............................. 1

List of Photos
Photo A-1

Example of riprap ................................................................................................................................................ 2

Photo A-2

Example of geoweb erosion control (source: www.prestogeo.com, used with permission) .. 2

Photo A-3

Cross section view of geoweb (source: www.prestogeo.com, used with permission)............. 3

Photo A-4

Example of geoweb on a steep slope, prior to infill (source: www.prestogeo.com, used


with permission) .................................................................................................................................................. 3

Photo A-5

Example of a turf-reinforcement mat ......................................................................................................... 3

Photo A-6

Example of vegetated reinforced soil slope (VRSS) before vegetation re-establishes............ 4

Photo A-7

Example of VRSS (note vegetation stakes) ............................................................................................... 4

Photo A-8

Example of VRSS after vegetation has grown ......................................................................................... 5

Photo A-9

Example of a boulder riffle .............................................................................................................................. 5

Photo A-10

Example of sheetpile wall ................................................................................................................................ 6

List of Figures
Figure A-1

Riprap: Channel and toe protection ............................................................................................................ 7

Figure A-2

Geoweb ................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Figure A-3

Turf reinforcement mat ..................................................................................................................................... 9

Figure A-4

Vegetated reinforced soil slopes ............................................................................................................... 10

Figure A-5

Boulder riffle....................................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure A-6

Rock steps ........................................................................................................................................................... 12

i
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Table A-1
Option #

6
7

Summary of ravine stabilization and stormwater management alternatives


Option
Description

Pros

Cons

Relative
Cost

Ideal Sites

Riprap channel
and toe
protection
(Photo A-1and
Figure A-1)

Relatively easy
installation
Not dependent on
sun/plants
Flexiblecan adapt
to disturbance

Can appear artificial


Subject to vandalism

Ravine or
channel edges in
shady areas

Geoweb
(Photo A-2,
Photo A-3,
Photo A-4, and
Figure A-2)

Relatively easy
installation
Allows plant growth
(or can be filled with
rock)
Provides greater
stability than turf
reinforcement mat

Subject to exposure, less


desirable aesthetics
Less effective for
channelized flow
Subject to undermining
Sunlight needed for
plant growth (but can be
filled with rock instead)

Ravine or
channel edges in
shady areas

Turf
reinforcement
mat
(Photo A-5 and
Figure A-3)

Relatively easy
installation
Allows plant growth

Usually temporary
(5-year life)
Less effective for
channelized flow
Subject to undermining
Sunlight needed for
plant growth

Erosion
protection on
slopes while
vegetation
becomes
established

Vegetated
reinforced soil
slopes
(Photo A-6,
Photo A-7,
Photo A-8, and
Figure A-4)

Stabilizes steep
slopes using natural
materials
Aesthetics

Requires sunlight to
support plant growth
More difficult to install
Higher cost

$$

Stabilization of
steep slopes
with good sun
exposure; wellsuited to trail
edges

Boulder riffle
(Photo A-9 and
Figure A-5)

Provides grade
control within
ravines or channels
Not dependent on
sun/plants
Natural materials

More difficult to install


Higher cost

$$

Suited to ravines
or channels that
are subject to
downcutting

Rock steps
(Figure A-6)

Helps prevent trail


erosion
Aesthetics
Safety

Higher cost
Often warrants railing to
prevent side trails from
forming

$$

Suited to very
steep trails that
are subject to
erosion

Sheetpile wall
(Photo A-10)

Long-lasting
Largely subsurface
and hidden
Low-maintenance

High cost
Subject to exposure
(concrete cap is an
option)

$$$

Stabilization of
steep hillslopes
adjacent to
trails or other
public areas

1
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Photo A-1

Example of riprap

Photo A-2

Example of geoweb erosion control (source: www.prestogeo.com, used with


permission)

2
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Photo A-3

Cross section view of geoweb (source: www.prestogeo.com, used with


permission)

Photo A-4

Example of geoweb on a steep slope, prior to infill (source: www.prestogeo.com,


used with permission)

Photo A-5

Example of a turf-reinforcement mat

3
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Photo A-6

Example of vegetated reinforced soil slope (VRSS) before vegetation re-establishes

Photo A-7

Example of VRSS (note vegetation stakes)

4
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Photo A-8

Example of VRSS after vegetation has grown

Photo A-9

Example of a boulder riffle

5
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

Photo A-10

Example of sheetpile wall

6
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Ravine Stabilization and Stormwater Management Alternatives

SPEC #: __ __ __

Figure A-1
Page 7

SPEC #: __ __ __

Figure A-2

Page 8

WATER FLO

WATER FLO

SPEC #: 32 92 10

Figure A-3
Page 9

SPEC #: 02 90 00

Figure A-4
Page 10

SPEC #: __ __ __

Figure A-5
Page 11

SPEC #: __ __ __

Figure A-6
Page 12

Appendix B
Steep-Slope Stabilization Options
Prepared for
City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation
January 28, 2015

4700 West 77th Street


Minneapolis, MN 55435-4803
Phone: 952.832.2600
Fax:
952.832.2601

Appendix B
Steep-Slope Stabilization Options
January 28, 2015

Contents
1.0

Grading to a Stable Slope ................................................................................................................................................ 2

2.0

Slurry Trench or Seepage Cut-Off Wall ....................................................................................................................... 3

3.0

Soil Nailing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.0

Soldier Piling .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

List of Tables
Table B-1

Summary of mechanical slope-stabilization options ............................................................................ 1

List of Figures
Figure B-1

Conceptual example of grading to a stable slope with installation of a sheetpile wall to


protect the roadway ........................................................................................................................................... 2

Figure B-2

Conceptual example of soil nailing .............................................................................................................. 4

Figure B-3

Conceptual example of soldier piling ......................................................................................................... 5

List of Photos
Photo B-1

Photo of slurry trench........................................................................................................................................ 3

Photo B-2

Photo of soldier piling along Mississippi River in Minneapolis ........................................................ 6

i
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

Table B-1

Summary of mechanical slope-stabilization options

Option

Type

Mechanical

3&4

Option Description

Relative
Cost Range

Pros

Cons

Grading to stable
slope (Figure D-1)

Simple approach to
grade to stable slope
Moderate cost, locally
available equipment

Most areas do not


have enough room for
grading
Will remove most/all
trees from the slopes
Will require erosion
control to be
maintained

$$$

Mechanical

Slurry trench or
seepage cut-off wall

Moderate cost option


Will cause less
disturbance to site
features

Will only reduce


underground seepage
issue
Will not treat direct
rainfall
Will require water
management plan to
outlet water
May not mate fully
with bedrock surface
Trickiest engineering
solution

$$$$

Mechanical

Physical stabilization anchored into


bedrock (e.g., soil nail,
soldier pile) (Photo D1 and Figures D-2 and
D-3)

Most active treatment of


instability conditions

Very costly
Requires specialized
equipment
Removal of some to
most trees

$$$$$

1
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

1.0 Grading to a Stable Slope


The simplest solution for reducing the potential for slope instability is reducing the grade of the slope to
a gentler more stable configuration. This can typically be achieved with conventional machinery and
local, non-specialty contractors.
Upon final grading, soil cover to prevent erosion should be installed (likely consisting of vegetation that
performs well on partially drained slopes). A potential drawback to extensive grading would be the loss
of the mature trees on the native soil slopes to be graded, which may not be desirable for a park.
To provide a rough estimate of potential quantities for earthwork, Barr projected the conceptual
recommended slope angle from the top edge of the shale outcrops within the study area. When
projecting these slopes, it became apparent that grading to these slopes would envelop most of
Cherokee Heights Boulevard and Highway 13 at the top of the bluff, as well as a portion of some of the
closer neighboring properties. Therefore, grading to a stable slope angle does not appear feasible unless
it is incorporated with retaining walls to reduce the amount of space needed for grading. But by
incorporating retaining wall structures into the design, the costs for grading would increase substantially
and some specialized technology may be needed to design for long-term stability or allow for the
structures to be constructed (i.e., anchored sheet piles or soldier piles).

Figure B-1

Conceptual example of grading to a stable slope with installation of a sheetpile


wall to protect the roadway

2
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

2.0 Slurry Trench or Seepage Cut-Off Wall


Slurry trenches or cutoff walls typically consist of a low permeability material (bentonite, grout,
concrete, etc.) installed in a narrow trench to create a barrier to groundwater flow. Recent
developments in machinery and grout technology have reduced the costs associated with slurry trench
construction.
However, cutting off of groundwater flow from the higher areas above the bluff may help reduce some
potential for slope instability, but since this technology will not prevent soil saturation from rainfall and
infiltration downstream of the cut-off wall it may not be fully effective in reducing slope stability issues.
Also, since the slurry trench is intended to reduce or eliminate flow across the trench, water which used
to flow toward and over the bluffs may build up behind the wall and need to be drained or removed (or
at least planned for where the water can be discharged without causing other problems).
For these reasons, a slurry trench or cutoff wall does not appear to be the best choice to reduce the
potential for slope stability at this site.

Photo B-1

Photo of slurry trench

3
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

3.0 Soil Nailing


Soil nailing is another common method of active slope stabilization. With soil nailing, small diameter
corrosion resistant elements (nails, helical anchors, etc.) are installed at an angle through the soils,
extending far enough into the soil to penetrate past the failure plane. The resistance generated by the
nail behind the failure plane pins the soil mass in place not allowing it to slide.
Costs associated with soil nailed can get high, especially with limited site access. However, there are
some specialized rigs that can install soil nails from an extendable arm which can reach down from the
top of the slope. This would reduce the need for grading in a working area at the base of the area, which
would be somewhat difficult with the location of the steeper clay pits at the toe of the natural soil
slopes. This work should typically be performed by a specialty contractor.
Once the soil nails are installed, some slope facing material is usually applied. This typically consists of a
wire mesh held in place with shot-crete; however, in natural settings a turf-reinforcing mat which can
allow for vegetation growth may be suitable depending on the design requirements.

Figure B-2

Conceptual example of soil nailing

4
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

4.0 Soldier Piling


Soldier piling typically consists of steel piles spaced at 5 to 10-foot intervals along the slope and placed
into more competent materials, such as very stiff clay, dense sand, or bedrock. The spaces between the
piles are then filled with lagging (some form of concrete or wood plank walls) to retain the soil and
prevent failures. For this study area, soldier piles would likely need to be socketed at least 10 to 15 feet
into the shale bedrock to provide the capacity to retain the upper soils. However, additional site
investigation must be performed to design the repairs.
Soldier piling work would typically be performed by a specialty contractor, and would have similar site
access issues as soil nailing.

Figure B-3

Conceptual example of soldier piling

5
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

Photo B-2

Photo of soldier piling along Mississippi River in Minneapolis

6
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix B - Steep Slope Stabilization Options

Appendix C: Geotechnical Evaluation


Existing Slopes
Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park
Prepared for
City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation
January 28, 2015

4700 West 77th Street


Minneapolis, MN 55435-4803
Phone: 952.832.2600
Fax:
952.832.2601

Appendix C: Geotechnical Evaluation


Existing Slopes
Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park
January 28, 2015

Contents
1.0

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1

Site Location and Topography .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2

Former Facilities .............................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.3

Site Geology...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.4

Previous Investigations ................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.0

Geotechnical Investigation ............................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1

Field Work .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1

Borings ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2

Laboratory Testing ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.3

Site Inspections................................................................................................................................................................ 5

3.0

Investigation Results........................................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1

Stratigraphy....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.1

Surficial Topsoil .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.2

Upper Silty Sand to Clayey Sand ......................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.3

Lean Clay to Clayey Silt ........................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.4

Poorly Graded Sand Soils ....................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1.5

Shale Bedrock ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.2

Groundwater Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 8

3.3

Moisture Content, Plasticity, Grain Size, and Unit Weight ............................................................................. 9

3.4

Soil Parameter Determinations ...............................................................................................................................10

3.4.1

Dry Density and In Situ Unit Weight ................................................................................................................10

3.4.2

Drained Friction Angle Determination ............................................................................................................10

3.4.3

Undrained Shear Strength Determination .....................................................................................................11

3.4.4

Rock Strength ...........................................................................................................................................................11

3.4.5

Soil Suction ................................................................................................................................................................12

3.4.5.1
3.5

Soil Water Characteristic Curve................................................................................................................12

Permeability ....................................................................................................................................................................12

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3.5.1
4.0

Slaking Durability and Softening.......................................................................................................................13

Analysis Results ..................................................................................................................................................................14

4.1

Design Parameters .......................................................................................................................................................14

4.1.1

Slope Geometry .......................................................................................................................................................14

4.1.2

Soil Stratigraphy.......................................................................................................................................................14

4.1.3

Soil Parameters .........................................................................................................................................................14

4.2

Groundwater and Rainfall for Modeling ..............................................................................................................15

4.2.1

Typical Groundwater Elevations ........................................................................................................................15

4.2.2

Elevated Groundwater Elevations .....................................................................................................................15

4.2.3

Rainfall .........................................................................................................................................................................16

4.3

Slope-Stability Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................16

4.3.1

Embankment-Stability Analysis..........................................................................................................................16

4.3.2

Stability Analyses .....................................................................................................................................................17

4.3.2.1

Drained Friction Angle.................................................................................................................................17

4.3.2.2

Peak and Residual Friction Angles for the Shale ..............................................................................18

4.3.2.3

Suction ...............................................................................................................................................................18

4.3.2.4

Block Failure Surfaces ..................................................................................................................................19

4.3.2.5

Saturation and Loss of Stability Due to Rainfall ................................................................................20

4.3.2.6

Saturation and Loss of Stability from Elevated Water Table ........................................................21

4.3.2.7

Saturation and Loss of Stability from Ponding ..................................................................................22

4.4

Summary of Stability Analyses ................................................................................................................................23

4.4.1

Predicted Slope-Stability Factors of Safety ...................................................................................................23

4.4.2

Role of Vegetation in Stability............................................................................................................................23

4.5
5.0

Summary of Geotechnical Findings .......................................................................................................................24


Additional Testing and Analysis ...................................................................................................................................25

5.1

Additional Information, Testing, and Analysis ..................................................................................................25

5.1.1

Groundwater .............................................................................................................................................................25

5.1.2

Soil Borings ................................................................................................................................................................25

5.1.3

Laboratory Testing ..................................................................................................................................................26

5.1.4

Instrumentation ........................................................................................................................................................26

6.0

Limitations ............................................................................................................................................................................27

6.1

Variations in Subsurface Conditions .....................................................................................................................27

6.1.1

Material Variability and Degree of Weathering ..........................................................................................27

6.1.2

Groundwater Variability ........................................................................................................................................27

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ii

6.2
7.0

Limitations of Analysis ................................................................................................................................................27


References ............................................................................................................................................................................28

List of Tables
Table 3-1

Summary of groundwater levels from soil borings ............................................................................... 9

Table 3-2

Summary of unit weights by soil type from laboratory testing ..................................................... 10

Table 3-3

Summary of friction angle values from laboratory testing.............................................................. 11

Table 3-4

Summary of undrained soil strength of fine-grained soils from laboratory testing ............. 11

Table 3-5

Summary of soils permeability from laboratory testing ................................................................... 13

Table 4-1

Summary of material properties for stability modeling ................................................................... 15

Table 4-2

Summary of stability results for drained friction angle (phi) only ................................................ 18

Table 4-3

Summary of stability results for drained friction angle with suction ........................................... 19

Table 4-4

Summary of stability results for infiltration of 3.5 inches of water in 24 hours ...................... 21

Table 4-5

Summary of stability results for elevated groundwater levels ....................................................... 22

Table 4-6

Summary of stability results for ponding upstream of Cherokee Heights Ravine ................. 22

Table 4-7

Predicted slope-stability factors of safety .............................................................................................. 23

List of Attachments
Attachment A

Soil Boring Summary

Attachment B

Soil Boring Logs

Attachment C

Laboratory Physical Test Results

Attachment D

Site Inspection Photographs

Attachment E

Geotechnical Modeling Results

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iii

Certifications
I hereby certify that this geotechnical report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision and
that I am a duly licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota.

January 28, 2015


Bill Kussmann
PE #: 47821

Date

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iv

1.0 Introduction
The focus of this geotechnical evaluation was the Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park. Many historical
and recreational amenities are located within the Brickyard Area, including the Brickyard Trail that extends
from the park access at West Water Street near the Mississippi River to the top of the bluff, a scenic
overlook (Bruce Vento Scenic Overlook), the historic clay mining quarries (i.e., the East, Middle, and West
Clay Pits), several waterfalls, ruins of a historic brick oven and other structures, and four fossil beds.
Barr Engineering Co. (Barr) was contracted to perform site observations, soil borings, laboratory testing,
geotechnical modeling, and analysis to evaluate potential slope-stability issues for key features in the
Brickyard Area of the park. The results of the geotechnical evaluations are provided here and have been
used as the basis for recommendations provided to the City in the concurrent report: Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional ParkStormwater Management and Slope-Stability Study (Main Report), also prepared
by Barr.

1.1

Site Location and Topography

Lilydale Regional Park is located on bluffs along the south side of the Mississippi River in St. Paul,
Minnesota. State Highway 13 and Cherokee Heights Boulevard form the park boundary near the top of
the bluff. Cherokee Heights Park is located across Cherokee Heights Boulevard, as shown on Large
Figures 1-1 and 1-2 of the Main Report.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2011 LiDAR elevation data set was used to help
characterize the slopes throughout the Brickyard Area. Large Figure 1-3 of the Main Report shows the
change in slope throughout the Brickyard Area by presenting the percent rise, which increases as the
topography becomes more vertical. The portions of the Brickyard Area shown in orange and red hues on
the figure represent areas that are the steepest (most notably, the clay pit walls).

1.2

Former Facilities

The Brickyard was the site of the Twin Cities Brick Company, which was founded in 1894 and continued to
make bricks until the 1970s. The interest in brick-making boomed after a number of local villages and
cities, constructed primarily of wood, burned during catastrophic fires during the late 1800s. Workers
quarried Decorah shale on the bluff above this location and brought it down the steep hillside where it
was processed and fired into bricks (Reference (1)).
Currently, there are ruins of a brick oven at the base of the bluff, several old foundations (presumably
from quarrying equipment), and three main quarries (termed clay pits) forming a topographical (near
vertical) break between the lower park elevations and the upper portion of the park. There is one main
trail extending from the lower brick-making area to the upper bluffs, winding its way between the East
and Middle Clay Pits.

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There is also a large cave (Echo Cave) carved into the white Cambrian sandstone rock located adjacent to
the brick oven. It is assumed that this cave is a manmade structure mined for its high-silica-content
sandstone (used to make glass).

1.3

Site Geology

The bedrock in the area of Lilydale Regional Park was formed in Cambrian and Ordovician times, when
Minnesota was located in a tropical climate near the equator.
The upper bedrock in the park is the lower portion of the Galena Group. The Galena Limestone, a hard
buff-colored limestone rock, is mapped as the top bedrock unit near the park. Based on soil borings
performed for this investigation, the Galena Limestone was very thin to absent. The basal member of the
Galena Group is the Decorah Shale, a grayish-green shale rock with a high concentration of fossils
(Reference (2)) encountered below the site soils. This is the primary bedrock unit in the park and the
material that forms the walls of the formerly mined clay pits. There are a few more resistant limestone
layers within the Decorah Shale. These more resistant layers can be seen in the clay pit walls.
The Galena Group is underlain by the Platteville Limestone (a thin buff-to-gray limestone layer), followed
by the Glenwood Shale (a soft, greenish-gray shale), and then the St. Peter Sandstone, which is a nearly
pure, quartz-rich, beach-deposited sandstone (Reference (2)). At Minnehaha Falls, the Platteville
Limestone forms the resistant cap rock, protecting the underlying Glenwood Shale and St. Peter
Sandstone. This creates the escarpment and the falls (Reference (3)). St. Peter Sandstone was observed
along the Lower Brickyard Area, particularly Echo Cave.
The overlying soils were deposited when the Superior Lobe of the Wisconsinan glacial episode flowed into
the area from the Lake Superior basin, blanketing the area with sandy glacial drift (Reference (3)).

1.4

Previous Investigations

Several previous geotechnical and natural resource reports for the park were reviewed:

Northern Technologies, Inc., Lilydale Regional Park Slope Failure Investigation, August 21, 2013
(Reference (4))

American Engineering Testing, Inc., Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee
Regional Trail Widening along Cherokee Heights Boulevard, May 11, 2011 (Reference (5))

American Engineering Testing, Inc., Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee
Regional Trail Widening, October 4, 2010 (Reference (6))

Bonestroo, Lilydale Regional Park Natural Resources Management Plan, May 2009 (Reference (7))

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2.0 Geotechnical Investigation


2.1

Field Work

Barrs geotechnical investigation consisted of hollow-stem auger (HSA) borings with standard penetration
testing (SPT) and diamond-bit rock coring at several locations along the top of the bluff. This
supplemented the soil boring previously done by NTI at the top of the bluff.
Large Figure 3-1 of the Main Report shows the boring locations. Boring location coordinates and
elevations were surveyed by Barr for the project.

2.1.1

Borings

A total of five borings were completed (one as part of the previous NTI study, four by Barr). The borings
were located as shown on Large Figure 3-1 of the Main Report and results are summarized in
Attachment A. A sixth boring was planned by Barr, but a safe path to the location was not available
following June 2014 rains and subsequent slope failures.
Soil borings were drilled using rotary-type drill rigs and advanced using hollow-stem auger techniques
until bedrock was encountered. After bedrock was reached, diamond-bit rock coring was done for two
borings to a termination depth of approximately 100 to 104 feet below existing grade. Two other Barr
borings were completed as part of the adjacent Cherokee Heights Culvert Analysis and Erosion Control
Feasibility Study (which did not require coring) and were terminated 50 to 71 feet below existing grade.
Costs and information from these two borings were shared with the Lower Mississippi River Watershed
Management Organization, which commissioned the Cherokee Heights study.
Soil samples in the hollow-stem auger portion of the borings were obtained by split-barrel sampling
procedures in general accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1586,
Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split Barrel Sampling of Soils. Shelby
tube samples were also obtained for laboratory testing. The bedrock was cored with a double tube-type
barrel using wireline coring methods. The soil borings were completed by NTI, American Engineering and
Testing (AET), and Glacial Ridge Drilling.
The boring log information includes materials encountered, penetration resistances, test results, and
pertinent field observations made during the drilling operations. All soil samples were classified in general
accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. The boring logs for both the NTI and Barr
investigations have been included in Attachment B of this Appendix.
Samples were transported to Soil Engineering Testing (SET) of Richfield, Minnesota, for laboratory testing.
The soil samples obtained from split-spoon sampling were sealed in plastic bags or jars in the field to
allow for easy transport and to retain natural moisture content. Shelby tube samples were sealed and
placed in a protective shipping container for transport to the laboratory. Results are included in
Attachment C.

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2.2

Laboratory Testing

The following tests were performed by SET on soil samples collected during the NTI and Barr
investigations:

Moisture content tests in accordance with ASTM D2216, Standard Test Method for Laboratory
Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass, including dry density
measurements

Grain-size analyses in accordance with ASTM D422, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size
Analysis of Soils

Percent fines (silt and clay) in accordance with ASTM D1140-00, Standard Test Method for
Amount of Material in Soils Finer Than the No. 200 Sieve

Atterberg limits tests in accordance with ASTM D4318, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit,
Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

Unconfined compressive strength of soil in accordance with ASTM D2166, Standard Test Method
for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil

Triaxial compressive strength in accordance with ASTM D2850-03a, Standard Test Method for
Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils

Friction angle of soil determinations in accordance with ASTM D3080, Standard Test Method for
Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions

Unconfined compressive strength of soil in accordance with ASTM D7012, Standard Test
Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under
Varying States of Stress and Temperature

Unit weight tests in accordance with ASTM D7263 Standard Test Method for Laboratory
Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens

Falling head permeability testing on clay to clayey sand samples in accordance with ASTM D5084, Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous
Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter

Visual soil classification in accordance with ASTM D2488, Standard Practice for Description and
Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)

Fully softened strength in accordance with ASTM D6467, Standard Test Method for Torsional
Ring Shear Test to Determine Drained Residual Strength of Cohesive Soils

Laboratory test results are provided in Attachment C and summarized in Table 3-2.

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2.3 Site Inspections


Barr and City personnel performed a review of site conditions on May 15, 2014. The visit focused on the
Cherokee Heights Culvert and Cherokee Heights Ravine; the East, Middle, and West Clay Pits; the 2013
slide area; the Brickyard Trail from the bluff down to the old brick ovens (Brickyard TrailConnector
Section and Brickyard TrailFossil/Brick Oven Section); the upper bluff trail (Brickyard Access TrailBluff
Section and Brickyard Access TrailBruce Vento Spur); and the Bruce Vento Overlook.
Barr and City personnel visited the site again on July 2, 2014, to evaluate changes in conditions following
a significant, prolonged period of rainfall. The main focus of this trip was a large slide toward the north
end of the park, a sinkhole which had developed near Annapolis Boulevard, and additional slides (with
material loss) along the trail between the Middle and West Clay Pits.
The observations made during each visit, as well as the analysis and conclusions based on these visits, are
detailed in the Main Report. Photographs are provided in Attachment D and in the Main Report.

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3.0 Investigation Results


A description of the field investigation and material-testing procedures has been provided in Section 2.0.
Section 3.0 presents the results of the investigation and testing.

3.1

Stratigraphy

The stratigraphy of the site generally consists of variable thicknesses of primarily sandy, glacially derived
soils overlying primarily shalefollowed by sandstone bedrock, as described in Section 1.3. Occasional
clay seams and interbedded limestone layers were also encountered, as seen in the photographs of the
clay pit walls.
Although additional borings and investigation would aid in developing a more detailed stratigraphy, the
sections of this Appendix provide a generalized summary of the soils found in site borings, beginning at
the surface and generally proceeding downward.

3.1.1

Surficial Topsoil

Topsoil was found in each of the borings, extending to depths of about 12 inches below ground surface.

3.1.2

Upper Silty Sand to Clayey Sand

In all of the borings the upper soils generally comprised silty sand to clayey sand soils extending to the
top of the shale bedrock at depths ranging from 45.5 to 82 feet below ground surface.
Standard penetration test (SPT) N values in the silty to clayey sand soils ranged from 14 to 67, with a
typical range of 15 to 25 blows per foot. In boring SB-3-14 there was an SPT N value of 1 blow per foot at
a depth of 52 feet. This was a locally saturated soil layer. The SPT N values indicate most of the surficial
materials are in a medium-dense to dense condition.
Moisture contents of the upper silty to clayey sand soils ranged from about 6.3 to 13.7 percent. Dry unit
weights ranged from 104.7 to 130.5 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). In situ (moist) unit weights calculated
from the dry density test results and corresponding moisture contents ranged from about 119.0 to 143.1
pcf. Grain-size tests indicated the upper clayey sand soils had 30.8 to 38.5 percent fines (silt and clay).
Friction angles derived from laboratory direct shear testing ranged from 31.3 to 32.7 degrees for the silty
sand soils and from 33.2 to 33.4 for the clayey sand soils.

3.1.3

Lean Clay to Clayey Silt

Some of the glacially derived soils were also classified as brown-to-gray, very lean clay soils or clayey silt
soils interbedded with the upper silty to clayey sand soils.
SPT N values for the surficial lean clay to clayey silt materials had a range of 3 to 71 blows per foot, with
typical values ranging from 8 to 35.

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The moisture content of the lean clay/silt soils ranged from about 5.2 to 26.7 percent, with a typical range
of 12 to 25 percent. Dry unit weights ranged from 98.1 to 127.4 pcf. In situ (moist) unit weights calculated
from the dry density test results and corresponding moisture contents ranged from about 122.9 to 142
pcf.
Atterberg limit test results on the clay and silt soils showed liquid limits ranging from about 22 to 43.5
percent, plastic limits ranging from about 10 to 20 percent, and a plasticity index ranging from about 4.6
to 29.5 percent. According to the USCS classification system (Reference (8)) these soils plot as CL (lean
clay soils) or CL-ML (clayey silt soils).
Laboratory unconfined compressive strength and unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial test results
ranged from 0.65 (shallow) to 5.33 tons per square foot (tsf), with most of the values ranging from about 1
to 2.2 tsf. Unconfined compressive strengths from field pocket penetrometer testing generally ranged
from 0.5 to 2.5 tsf, with typical values ranging from 1 to 2.75 tsf. The range of unconfined compressive
strengths between the laboratory and pocket penetrometer testing agreed fairly well.

3.1.4

Poorly Graded Sand Soils

Intermittent layers of poorly graded (lower fines content) sand soils were found interbedded with the
upper silty to clayey sand soils. Most of these layers were relatively thin (on the order of a few feet thick or
less).
SPT N values in the cleaner sand soils ranged from 10 to 49, with a typical range of 15 to 34 blows per
foot. The SPT N values indicate that most of the surficial materials are in a medium-dense to dense
condition, similar to the silty to clayey sand soils.
Moisture in the sand soils with lower fines content ranged from about 1.3 to 16.6 percent. Dry unit
weights ranged from 97.8 to 118.3 pcf. In situ (moist) unit weights calculated from the dry density test
results and corresponding moisture contents ranged from about 102.3 to 132.7 pcf. Grain-size tests
indicated the upper silty sand soils had 8.2 to 22.5 percent fines (silt and clay).
Friction angles derived from laboratory direct shear testing ranged from 28.5 to 33.7 degrees.

3.1.5

Shale Bedrock

Shale bedrock was encountered in all of the borings completed by Barr below the glacial soils at depths
ranging from 45.5 to 82 feet below grade. Shale bedrock was also encountered at a depth of 60 feet in
the NTI boring. The shale bedrock was generally field-classified as greenish-gray, thinly bedded/laminated
softer shale with limestone interbeds. Bedding planes observed in the cores appeared to be roughly
horizontal. A limestone layer capping the shale was encountered at only one location (SB-2-14) drilled
adjacent to the picnic area parking lot. There was no limestone cap at the top of the shale bedrock at the
other boring locations.
Diamond-bit rock coring was done at the two boring locations near the edge of the bluff to better
evaluate the shale; recovery percent and rock quality designation (RQD) were recorded in the field. The
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samples were placed in boxes specifically designed to store rock cores and sent to the laboratory for
further analysis. There were a few more weathered/clayey layers encountered during drilling, but most of
the shale was recovered as intact rock.
Percent recover for the rock cores generally ranged from about 58 to 100 percent. RQD values ranged
from 33 to 100 percent, with typical values of 60 to 85 percent. There were a few more clayey layers
encountered during drilling, but even some of these remained intact in the core barrel.
Standard penetration test (SPT) N values in the shale for borings STP B-1 and STP B-2, where rock coring
was not performed, ranged from 101 blows per foot to 100 blows for only 2 to 3 inches of split-spoon
penetration (considered split-spoon refusal).
Moisture contents of the shale ranged from about 6.5 to 19 percent. Dry unit weights ranged from about
119 to 140 pcf. In situ (moist) unit weights calculated from the dry density and corresponding moisture
content test results ranged from about 135 to 149 pcf.
One sample of the thin limestone layers was also tested. This had a moisture content of 2.1 percent, a dry
density of 156.8 pcf, and a moist density of 160 pcf.
Atterberg limit test results for a zone of the more weathered/clayey shale showed a liquid limit of 54
percent, a plastic limit of 21.8 percent, and a plasticity index of 32.2 percent. According to the USCS
classification system (Reference (8)), these materials plot near the transition between CH (fat clay) and CL
(lean clay).
Laboratory unconfined compressive strength test results on the shale ranged from 4.9 tsf to 21.8 tsf. The
lower end of this range is representative of the more weathered/clayey shale layers (and a strength value
similar to very stiff soils). The upper end of the range is more representative of intact soft rock.
One test was also performed on a sample of the limestone interbed layers. Test results indicated an
unconfined compressive strength of 210.6 pounds per square foot (psf), which corresponds to strong
rock.

3.2

Groundwater Conditions

Groundwater was encountered in all of the soil borings directly above the top of the bedrock. In borings
performed near the East and Middle Clay Pits, there were several upper soil layers that were saturated.
However, there were soils below these layers that did not exhibit elevated moisture content; thus, the
upper readings recorded during drilling indicated perched water, likely flowing through more permeable
soils, as opposed to a solid water table down to bedrock.
Seepage was observed weeping from many of the site slopes at the soil/bedrock interface, but not usually
seen higher in the slopes. Therefore, the groundwater was assumed to be generally located at the
soil/bedrock interface at most times of the year. Seepage was specifically noted near the top of the
bedrock in the Middle Clay Pit and the rock face in the North Ravine near the North Knob.
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Groundwater levels recorded during and upon completion of drilling and the depth to bedrock are
provided in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1

Summary of groundwater levels from soil borings


Groundwater Depths from
Soil Borings
Phase of
Drilling

Depth While
Drilling (feet)

SB1

NTI

58

Note 1

60

SB2-14

Barr

65

Note 1

68

Note 1

81.5

Boring ID

Depth upon
Completion (feet)

Depth to
Bedrock

4445
SB-3-14

Barr

5053
7081.5

STP B-1

Barr*

STP B-2

Barr*

21.538
63.567

Not encountered
above cave depth

67

Intermittent,
1545.5 feet

Not encountered
above cave depth

45.5
(weathered)
50 (intact)

* Borings performed for the adjacent Cherokee Heights Culvert Analysis and Erosion Control Feasibility Study commissioned by the
Lower Mississippi River Watershed Management Organization.
Note 1Due to the addition of drilling fluid, groundwater readings could not be obtained upon completion of drilling.

At three boring locations drilling fluid was added to the boreholes to facilitate rock coring. The addition of
this fluid prevented an accurate measurement of groundwater levels when drilling was completed.
At the face of the bluff, water seepage is typically seen very close to the bedrock interface (wet areas,
dripping soils, ice formations observed in pictures). Groundwater seepage over bedrock was seen in the
North Ravine near the North Knob and in the Middle Clay Pit. Water leaving the Cherokee Heights Ravine
and forming the East Clay Pit Falls also flows directly on bedrock.
Groundwater levels at the site will tend to vary over time in response to rainfall events, seasonal
fluctuations, and local conditions. Water levels will likely be higher during times of more frequent or
intense precipitation. Additional groundwater monitoring during different times of the year or following
heavy precipitation events would need to be performed to gain a better understanding of the
groundwater levels at the site.

3.3

Moisture Content, Plasticity, Grain Size, and Unit Weight

Moisture content, Atterberg limit, grain-size analysis, and unit-weight testing were performed on multiple
soil samples from the investigation locations. NTI performed testing on soil samples collected as part of
their investigation. Testing of soil samples for this investigation was performed by SET. The laboratory test
results are summarized in Table C-1 and provided in Attachment C.

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The results of the laboratory testing were used to determine the soil parameters for seepage modeling,
stability modeling, and the analysis described in the following sections of this Appendix.

3.4

Soil Parameter Determinations

The soil parameters used for seepage and stability modeling were determined by laboratory testing.
Laboratory testing is provided in Attachment C. The following sections of this Appendix discuss the soil
strengths in terms of unit weight, friction angle (for granular soils), rock strength, and unsaturated soil
suction values.

3.4.1

Dry Density and In Situ Unit Weight

A total of 24 dry density tests were performed on split-spoon samples, Shelby tube samples, and rock
cores. Moist (in situ) unit weights were calculated from the dry density test results and the corresponding
moisture contents. Generally, the cleaner, poorly graded sand had the lowest unit weights, followed by
the silty to clayey sands and lean clays; shale and limestone bedrock had higher unit weights. Unit weight
values for each predominant soil type are provided in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2

Summary of unit weights by soil type from laboratory testing

Soil Type

Approximate
Range of Dry Unit
Weights
(pcf)

Approximate
Range of Moist
Unit Weights
(pcf)

Poorly graded (clean) sand

98118

102132.5

109

119

Clayey/Silty sand

105130.5

119143

137

147

Lean clay

98127.5

123142

133

143

Shale (weathered)

119140

135149

130

140

Selected Moist Unit Assumed Saturated


Weights*
Unit Weight**
(pcf)
(pcf)

* Low average unit weight values were selected for slope-stability modeling.
** Saturated unit weights for modeling were selected based on laboratory moisture contents, moist unit weights, and engineering
judgment

The overall average in situ (moist) unit weight result for all of the project tests is approximately 137.7 pcf.
Test results for the individual soil strata are discussed in Section 3.1. Unit weight test and lab test results
are provided in Attachment C.

3.4.2

Drained Friction Angle Determination

Direct shear testing was performed in the laboratory on five samples collected by Barr to evaluate the
friction angle of these materials for foundation design. One direct shear test on the silty sand soils was
also performed by NTI, showing a friction angle of 35.2 degrees. The friction angle values for each soil
type are provided in Table 3-3.

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Table 3-3

Summary of friction angle values from laboratory testing

Soil Type
Poorly graded (clean) sand
Clayey/Silty sand
Lean clay

Range of Measured or
Calculated Friction Angle
Values
Lab Testing
(degrees)
28.533.7
33.235.2
31.3

Selected Design
Friction Angle
Parameter
(degrees)
29
33
30

The design values recommended for each soil type are provided in Table 3-3.

3.4.3

Undrained Shear Strength Determination

The undrained shear strength values were derived from unconfined compressive strength testing on
Shelby tube samples from the borings and rock cores. Undrained shear strength values are considered to
be half of the unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soils. For the soil profile at the site, only the
highly weathered shale can be considered a cohesive soil.
The undrained shear strengths for the clay soil types are provided in Table 3-4:
Table 3-4

Summary of undrained soil strength of fine-grained soils from laboratory testing

Soil Type
Weathered Shale

Range of Unconfined
Compressive Strengths

Range of Undrained
Shear Strengths

Recommended
Undrained Shear
Strength Design
Value

4.9 to 21.8 tsf

4,900 to 21,800 psf

4,900 psf

* Undrained shear strengths are considered to be half of the laboratory unconfined compressive strength of soils

The recommended design value is the minimum test result value for the weathered shale, and is on the
order of strength for a very stiff cohesive soil.

3.4.4 Rock Strength


Rock coring and laboratory unconfined compressive strength testing were performed as part of Barrs
investigation. Compressive strengths on the shale ranged from 4.9 tsf to 21.8 tsf. The unconfined
compressive strength on the limestone was about 210 tsfmuch higher than the strength of the shale.
However, since the majority of the soil profile is weathered shale, the lower bound strength of 4,900 psf
was used to model the entire bedrock layer for the project.
Torsional ring shear testing was performed as part of the NTI investigation to determine the fully softened
and residual friction angles of the shale. The shale was assigned an undrained fully softened friction angle
of 26 degrees (peak) with cohesion of over 600 psf. The residual friction angle of the shale was
determined to be 16 degrees with cohesion of over 500 psf.
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3.4.5 Soil Suction


3.4.5.1 Soil Water Characteristic Curve
The saturated-unsaturated soil properties take the form of non-linear functions estimated from measured
water content versus soil suction relationships (i.e., soil-water characteristic curves [SWCC]). The SWCC
shows the relationship between the amount of water in a soil and the suction developed within the pore
space of the soil. As a function of moisture content (i.e., saturation level), the soil-water retention curve
indicates how strongly water is held between soil particlesand how difficult it is to push water out of the
pore spaces in the soil.
The SWCC of two soils typically found onsite (i.e., clayey sand and silty sand) were measured using the
HyProp device, manufactured by Decagon Devices in Pullman, Washington. The HyProp device is capable
of measuring suction within the capillary regime (saturation to approximately 2000 psf) using two
tensiometers. The evaporation method and the readings from these two tensiometers are used to develop
the SWCC. In HyProp testing, the soil specimen is placed on a cell which is closed at the bottom and
opens at the top; suction is measured as pore water evaporates from the top of the specimen and
moisture content is calculated from the measured overall changes in sample weight. The HyProp device
uses evaporation to develop the SWCC with the following three important assumptions:
1.

Moisture content and water tension distribution is linear in the sample. The specimen is wettest at
the bottom and driest at the top.

2.

Water flow is mostly vertical. Horizontal water movement is not significant.

3.

Water tension and specimen weight changes are linear between calculation/evaluation points.

The measured initial density and saturated volumetric water content for the two samples tested were
verified, with index testing completed by an independent laboratory.

3.5

Permeability

Saturated hydraulic conductivity testing was performed on intact Shelby tube samples to evaluate the
permeability of the in situ soils. The samples were extruded into the testing apparatus in in-situ condition
(i.e., they were not remolded for testing). The hydraulic conductivity of each material is provided in Table
3-5.

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Table 3-5

Summary of soils permeability from laboratory testing

Soil Type

Saturated
Permeability Values
from Lab Testing
(cm/sec)
-4

5.2x10

-6

6.6x10

-7

9.2x10

Poorly graded (clean) sand

1.6x10

Clayey/Silty sand

2.0x10

Lean clay

2.8x10

Shale

3.5.1

Design Saturated
Permeability Values
(ft/sec)
-6
-8
-9

-10

--

3.3x10

Slaking Durability and Softening

Slaking potential is a measure of the soils ability to soften with prolonged wetting/drying cycles. Slaking
is a common slope-stability problem with shale bedrock, particularly in clayey shales. Slaking can be
significant (particularly in arid to semi-arid regions) and can jeopardize the stability of rock canyon walls
(Reference (9)).
Based on a review of the project site, there appears to be some slaking along the faces of the clay pit
walls, evidenced by the talus piles of weathered rock materials along the toe of the steep slopes. However,
the rate of slaking does not appear sufficient to cause routine, large-scale slides.
The effects of slaking or just softening of the shale materials into weaker clays may be more prevalent
where the waterfalls provide a constant source of moisture to the rock faces. Therefore, caution should be
used immediately below the sites waterfalls, and plunge pools should be protected to minimize
undercutting at the base of the falls.

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4.0 Analysis Results


Results of the field and laboratory investigations have been presented in Section 3.0. Section 4.0 provides
modeling results and analysis of slope stability based on these investigations.

4.1

Design Parameters

4.1.1 Slope Geometry


Geometry of the soil slopes was obtained from cross sections primarily derived from LiDAR (Minnesota
DNR LiDAR Elevation Data Set 2011) and supplemented by Barr site survey to identify boring locations
and other site features of interest. Modeling was focused on the primary soil slopes above the clay pit
walls at the site. For the Waterfall and Cherokee Ravine cross sections, the secondary (and typically
shallower) slopes in the cut east of the North Knob were also modeled.

4.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy


Soil stratigraphy was identified by the borings completed by NTI and Barr. As discussed in Section 3.1, the
stratigraphy of the site generally consists of a variable thickness of primarily sandy, glacially derived soils
overlying primarily shale, followed by sandstone bedrock.
Borings and site surveys were limited in some areas due to safety or accessibility issues. As such, for the
seepage and stability modeling, it was assumed that the soil and bedrock layers were essentially flat to
moderately sloping.
Also, because drilling planned adjacent to the West Clay Pit could not be performed, it was assumed that
the soil stratigraphy in this area was the same as the Middle Clay Pit (the closest boring to the West Clay
Pit).

4.1.3 Soil Parameters


Results of the laboratory testing, discussed in Section 3.0, were used to determine the soil parameters
used for seepage and stability modeling. These are summarized in Table 4-1.

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Table 4-1

Summary of material properties for stability modeling

Material Description

Poorly graded (clean) sand soils

Material Property

Soil Parameter Values


-6

Saturated permeability

5.2x10 ft/sec

Drained friction angle

29 degrees

Cohesion

0 psf

Moist unit weight

Clayey to silty sand soils

Lean clay

109 pcf

Saturated unit weight

119 pcf

Saturated permeability

6.6x10 ft/sec

Drained friction angle

33 degrees

-8

Cohesion

0 psf

Moist unit weight

137 pcf

Saturated unit weight

147 pcf

Saturated permeability

9.2x10 ft/sec

Drained friction angle

30 degrees

-9

Cohesion

0 psf

Moist unit weight

133 pcf

Saturated unit weight

143 pcf

Saturated permeability

-10

3.3x10

Drained friction angle


Weathered shale bedrock

ft/sec

Cohesion (inherent
strength)

4,900 psf

Moist unit weight

120 pcf

Saturated unit weight

130 pcf

psf = pounds per square foot


pcf = pounds per cubic foot

4.2

Groundwater and Rainfall for Modeling

4.2.1 Typical Groundwater Elevations


Seepage was observed weeping from many of the site slopes at the soil/bedrock interface but not,
generally, higher in the slopes. Therefore, the groundwater was assumed to be located at the soil/bedrock
interface at most times of the year.

4.2.2 Elevated Groundwater Elevations


At the time of this report, Barr was not aware of any monitoring wells in the vicinity of the project area.
Therefore, Barr did not consider it feasible to gain a significant understanding of seasonal fluctuations in
groundwater or elevated groundwater elevations following storm events.
To determine the effects of groundwater levels on slope stability (with suction forces), the groundwater
level used in the model was raised from the expected level near the bedrock interface to a level associated
with a factor of safety of 1.0.

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4.2.3 Rainfall
To evaluate the effect of rainfall, Barr reviewed rainfall records between the May and July site visits when
additional slope failures were noted (Reference (10)). Based on the records reviewed, the highest rainfall
amount in a 24-hour period was 3.17 inches. Based on NOAAs Atlas 14 rainfall information
(Reference (11)), that rainfall amount was essentially the equivalent of the 5-year 24-hour storm (3.5
inches in a 24-hour period).
A transient model with rainfall applied for a period of 24 hours (in the form of a unit flux boundary
condition placed along the ground surface) was used to evaluate the effect of infiltration on slope stability
-6

(again using the previous model with soil suction). A unit flux of 3.38x10 ft/sec was applied.
Once the design rainfall is established, the amount of infiltration needs to be determined. Some portion of
the water will infiltrate the pore spaces of the soil and increase its moisture content, while the rest will run
along the ground surface (i.e., runoff). The amount of infiltration can be difficult to determine because it
depends on the moisture content of the soils at the time of the rainfall (defined by the soil-water
characteristic curve described in Section 3.4.5). Soils with very low moisture content have very low
permeability; most precipitation on this soil will run off the slopes. (This is why flash flooding occurs in
desert environments with low soil moisture). Conversely, soils with higher moisture content have a higher
permeability and allow more of the precipitation to infiltrate. Therefore, storm events of the same
magnitude and duration can produce significantly different amounts of runoff and infiltration depending
on the soils moisture content at the time of the storm.
Due to the uncertainty of the site conditions, the amount of infiltration from the 5-year 24-hour storm
event was evaluated in two ways: (1) using the soil-water characteristic curve to estimate permeability
from modeled conditions or (2) assuming that no runoff was experienced and all precipitation infiltrated
the soils.

4.3

Slope-Stability Analysis

4.3.1 Embankment-Stability Analysis


SLOPE/W and SEEP/W software, part of the GeoStudio 2012 suite of programs, was used to evaluate the
influence of existing topography, soil strength, and effects of seepage and saturation on the stability of
the slopes within the Brickyard Area.
Spencers method was used for the analysis and considers both force and moment equilibrium in the
analysis. The potential slip surfaces were evaluated using the entry and exit method to locate the practical
minimum slope-stability factor of safety associated with failures extending through the overburden soils
or upper portion of the bedrock
The factor of safety of a slope is defined as the ratio of the resisting forces in the soil to the driving or
mobilized forces that cause slope movement. Therefore, the point of stability is considered a factor of
safety of 1.0 (driving forces equal to resisting forces). Slopes with a factor of safety less than 1.0 are
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considered to be unstable and would fail; slopes with a factor of safety higher than 1.0 are considered
stable (or marginally stable as the safety factor approaches or hovers close to 1.0).
Natural soil slopes which are stable or marginally stable usually have minimum calculated factors of safety
of 1.1 to 1.3. These factors of safety are representative of typical sunny day conditions, but may be
reduced or even drop below 1.0 in the presence of excess moisture from rainfall, changes in groundwater
elevations, etc. Therefore, to determine the potential for slope failure, the factor of safety should be
considered for a range of anticipated conditions. Analyses of several different sets of conditions within the
study area were performed to determine the potential for slope failure along the bluff line.
For a point of reference, Federal Energy Regulation Commission guidelines for high-hazard earth dams
require slopes with a factor of safety of 1.5 or greater. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers levee guidelines
recommend factors of safety ranging from 1.3 to 1.5, depending on how long the slope remains in a
certain configuration (i.e., a lower factor of safety is required for temporary construction slopes than for
permanent embankments). Thus, the minimum acceptable safety factors of an engineered slope are
often greater than the minimum safety factors observed for natural slopes.

4.3.2 Stability Analyses


For long-term stability analysis, a drained condition is used. This involves using the drained friction angles
of sands (sometime thought of as the soils angle of repose, or the angle that dry grains of soil will pile up
to). If the angle of the slope exceeds the soils friction angle, this style of stability analysis will indicate that
the slope is unstable. In the case of the upper soil slopes at the site, the natural ground surface slope
exceeds the drained friction angle. If soil strength was dictated solely by the drained friction angle, the soil
could not maintain these slopes but the site slopes remain standing. This means the soils must have
additional strength beyond their angle of friction, and this style of analysis is not fully representative of
the conditions observed at the site.
Barr performed several types of analyses to evaluate stability of the slopes under an anticipated range of
conditions. Because there was limited information regarding the variability of groundwater levels at the
site, some assumptions were made for the modeling performed. To design any slope-stabilizing methods,
as discussed in Section 5.0, additional explorations would be recommended.

4.3.2.1 Drained Friction Angle


Modeling of the upper sand slopes using only the drained friction angles for the sand and an inherent soil
strength (modeled as cohesion) for the weathered shale was performed to evaluate stability of the slopes
without the effects of any apparent cohesion. The factors of safety of the existing slopes are significantly
less than 1.0 (stability) and all failure surfaces are located within the upper natural soil portion of the slope
(i.e., the failure surfaces do not extend through the shale bedrock).

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Table 4-2

Summary of stability results for drained friction angle (phi) only

Analyzed Cross
Section

Type of Failure
Surface

Minimum
Factor of Safety
Figure

Minimum
Factor of
Safety

Stability (FS=1.0)
Factor of Safety
Figure

North end

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-1

0.75

E-2

Waterfall (Slope 1
bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-7

0.66

E-8

Waterfall (Slope 2
back surface)

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-13

0.83

E-14

Cherokee Heights
Ravine (Slope 1
bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-18

0.70

E-19

Cherokee Heights
Ravine (Slope 2
back surface)

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-29

1.34

--

Middle Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-37

0.68

E-38

West Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular
surface)

E-43

0.58

E-44

4.3.2.2 Peak and Residual Friction Angles for the Shale


In lieu of using inherent strength (modeled as cohesion) for the shale bedrock, Barr also used peak and
residual soil strengths from the strength parameters provided in the NTI report. These were determined
by torsional ring shear testing. Using these strengths for the shale, the minimum factors of safety were
identical to those provided above (since these are governed by the soils, not the rock). However, the
failure surfaces corresponding to a factor of safety of 1.0 extend well down into the shale bedrock, which
does not correspond to the failure surfaces observed at the site. Therefore, the peak and residual friction
angles for the shale have not been used in subsequent modeling for the project.

4.3.2.3 Suction
As previously discussed, a review of the topography at the site indicates that the angle of the slopes
exceeds the drained friction angle of the soils. If the strength of the soils was governed only by the
drained friction angles, the slopes would be unstable and fail. To allow for steep slopes to remain
standing, the soils must have additional strength beyond their angle of friction. The soil mechanism
allowing this is called soil suction. Soil suction is formed by drying or dewatering the soils, which creates a
negative pore pressure in the soils pore spaces and increases the strength of the soil matrix (or provides
an apparent cohesion in the soil in excess of its drained friction angle).
The phenomena of soil suction can be illustrated by thinking of a common sand castle at the beach. Dry
sand will only form a conical pile to a certain angle (the materials drained friction angle). However, sand
with moderate water content will allow for much steeper angles to be achieved. Then, as the castle sits in
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the sun and dries, the sides of the castle become unstable and slough off. Or, as the tide comes in and the
sand at the base of the castle becomes saturated, the sides of the castle slough and collapse. By drying or
saturating the soils, the suction force is negated; the soil strengths will be governed by their friction angle
and failures will occur.
Since the suction forces are considered critical to understanding the stability of the soil slopes on the site,
Barr performed laboratory testing to evaluate the soil suction in the unsaturated portion of the clayey
sand and silty sand soils, as discussed in Section 3.4.5. Soil suction for the cleaner sands and clay soils,
which will provide a lesser amount of soil suction than the silty and clayey sand soils, was determined
using index property testing and typical soil-suction functions contained in the GeoStudio software
package.
Modeling of the existing slopes, including suction forces predicted by the physical index characteristics of
the clay soils, produces a factor of safety ranging from about 1.1 to 1.4, as summarized in Table 4-3.
However, when the soils are re-saturated the suction force is negated; the soil strengths will be reduced
and slope failures will occur.
Table 4-3

Summary of stability results for drained friction angle with suction

Analyzed Cross Section

Type of Failure Surface

Figure

Minimum Factor
of Safety

North end

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-3

1.40

Waterfall (Slope 1bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-9

1.18

Waterfall (Slope 2back surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-15

2.34

Cherokee Heights Ravine (Slope 1


bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-20

1.53

Cherokee Heights Ravine (Slope 2


back surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-30

1.53

Middle Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-39

1.22

West Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-45

1.11

4.3.2.4 Block Failure Surfaces


For soil profiles consisting of soil over bedrock, a block-failure surface is typically evaluated. Barr
performed block-style failure analyses by setting the bedrock as impenetrable in the model and
determining the factors of safety for the slopes. However, even incorporating soil suction into the model
for the upper-sand soils, the results of the modeling showed factors of safety of about 1.0 or less than 1.0
for block failures at the modeled cross sections.
This indicates that the slopes should not be stable even under sunny-day conditions, which is not the
case. Also, the top of the block-failure surfaces, as predicted by the modeling, develop far from the edge
of the bluff. This was also not typically observed at the site. This may be due to the fact that the upper

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surface of the bedrock is weathered and acts more as stiff clay, making the contrast between soil and
bedrock characteristics less sharp.
Therefore, the circular failure surfaces for soils, incorporating suction forces and sunny-day factors of
safety ranging from 1.1 to 1.3, will be used for subsequent analysis. It is possible that smaller-scale block
failures may occur at the site; but, at this time, the modeling is not predicting stable slopes or failure
surfaces in agreement with Barrs site observations. If additional investigations, analyses, and modeling
produce results that better match observed conditions, block-style analysis may be considered for final
design of soil-stabilization methods.

4.3.2.5 Saturation and Loss of Stability Due to Rainfall


To determine the effects of rainfall (i.e., saturation of the soils resulting in loss of suction) a unit flux line
located at the ground surface in each of the cross sections was used to model the effects of groundwater
infiltration. The modeling conservatively assumed full infiltration of 3.5 inches of steady precipitation over
a 24-hour period. The modeling also assumed both low and high soil permeability. Lower soil
permeability is associated with unsaturated conditions (low moisture content). Very little infiltration occurs
in unsaturated soils, which is why flash flooding occurs in desert environments. Higher soil permeability
essentially allows the full amount of precipitation to infiltrate the soil.
Modeling results using lower permeability (low infiltration), indicated that a single rainfall event of this
magnitude on moderately saturated soils is not, by itself, likely to significantly reduce the stability of the
slopes. However, when higher amounts of infiltration are considered, the factors of safety are reduced
below stability. This indicates that if soil conditions allow for infiltration of some precipitation, the strength
of the natural sand soils is reduced from loss of suction and could result in slope failures.

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Table 4-4

Summary of stability results for infiltration of 3.5 inches of water in 24 hours

Analyzed Cross Section

Type of Failure
Surface

Figure

Phi Angle Only


Factor of Safety

Figure

Phi Angle and Suction


Factor of Safety

North end

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-4

0.75

E-5

1.29

Waterfall (Slope 1bluff


surface)

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-10

0.59

E-11

0.78

Waterfall (Slope 2back


surface)

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-16

0.83

E-17

1.91

Cherokee Heights Ravine


(Slope 1bluff surface)

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-21

0.70

E-22

1.11

Cherokee Heights Ravine


(Slope 2back surface)

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-31

1.48

E-32

2.33

Middle Clay Pit

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-40

0.68

E-41

0.92

West Clay Pit

Entry/Exit
(circular surface)

E-46

0.58

E-47

0.73

Modeling indicates that the stability of the slopes is not changed much using soil strengths without
suction forces, but the factors of safety are reduced below stability for the soil slopes incorporating
suction forces. This indicates that if conditions allow for infiltration of some precipitation, the strength of
the natural sand soils is reduced from loss of suction, possibly resulting in slope failures.

4.3.2.6 Saturation and Loss of Stability from Elevated Water Table


Loss of suction can also be realized through elevation of the groundwater table following periods of
intense rainfall on or upstream of a site within the watershed.
To evaluate the potential for reduction of stability due to loss of suction forces, the groundwater level in
the model was incrementally raised (with an upstream boundary condition) until the minimum predicted
factor of safety for the slope was 1.0. The required increases in water table to reduce the factors of safety
to 1.0 are summarized in Table 4-5.
The increase in groundwater level modeled to reach a factor of safety of 1.0 was on the order of a few to
several feet. Due to the configuration of the slopes, the secondary slopes (Slope 2) for the Waterfall and
Cherokee Heights Ravine cross sections were not analyzed for a high groundwater condition.

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Table 4-5

Summary of stability results for elevated groundwater levels

Type of Failure Surface

Figure

Elevation of Water
Table to Reduce
Factor of Safety to
1.0

North End

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-6

921.5

Waterfall (Slope 1bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-12

855

Cherokee Heights Ravine (Slope


1bluff surface)

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-23

918

Middle Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-42

910.5

West Clay Pit

Entry/Exit (circular surface)

E-48

901

Analyzed Cross Section

It is understood that options for detaining stormwater upstream of the project are being considered
within Cherokee Heights Park. Because the ravine on the other side of Cherokee Heights Boulevard,
leading into the 60-inch culvert in Cherokee Heights Ravine, is the closest option for stormwater
detention it was selected for modeling. Given that the pond will not likely be designed to hold water for
long periods of time, it was conservatively assumed that the water surface was near the pond bottom
(unless associated with a storm event).

4.3.2.7 Saturation and Loss of Stability from Ponding


Loss of suction due to higher groundwater table can also result from ponding upstream of the bluffs. This
ponding may reduce the strength of the soil due to increases in moisture content from infiltration of the
pond water. The degree of saturation and suction loss will depend on the duration of ponding. For
stability modeling, it was assumed that groundwater was near the pond bottom at most times and the
pond was full during rain events.
Results of the stability analysis with ponding are provided on Figures E-24 through E-28, E-33 through
E-36, and summarized in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6

Summary of stability results for ponding upstream of Cherokee Heights Ravine


Infiltration of 3.5 Inches of
Water in 24 Hours

Sunny Day
Factors of Safety
Analyzed Cross Section

Factors of Safety

No Suction

With Suction

No Suction

With Suction

Cherokee Heights Slope 1, ponding

0.53

0.62

0.45

0.50

Cherokee Heights Slope 2, ponding

1.48

2.30

1.48

2.01

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22

4.4
4.4.1

Summary of Stability Analyses


Predicted Slope-Stability Factors of Safety

The modeling results for selected cases are summarized in Table 4-7. As illustrated, the natural soil slopes
require suction forces to stand at their existing slope angles. Infiltration from rain events, infiltration from
ponding upstream of the slopes, or a raised phreatic surface will all reduce the effects of suction and
reduce slope stability.
Table 4-7

Predicted slope-stability factors of safety


Infiltration of 3.5 Inches
of Water in 24 hours

Sunny Day
1

Analyzed Cross Section

Factors of Safety
With
No Suction
Suction

Factors of Safety
With
No Suction
Suction

Water Table
Elevation to
Reduce FOS to
3
1.0 (elevation
in feet)

North End

0.75

1.40

0.75

1.29

921.5

Waterfall Landslide Slope 1

0.66

1.18

0.59

0.78

855

Waterfall Landslide Slope 2

0.83

2.34

0.83

1.91

--

Cherokee Heights Slope 1

0.70

1.53

0.70

1.11

918

Cherokee Heights Slope 1, ponding

0.70

1.03

0.47

0.52

--

Cherokee Heights Slope 2

1.34

1.53

1.48

2.33

--

Cherokee Heights Slope 2, ponding

1.34

1.53

1.48

2.01

--

Middle Clay Pit

0.68

1.22

0.68

0.92

910.5

0.58

1.11

0.58

0.73

901

West Clay Pit


1

Factors of safety (FOS) are based on limited boring/subsurface investigations (May and June 2014) and the assumption that the
soil borings referenced in this Appendix are representative of the identified locations.

The boring in the area of the West Clay Pit was not obtained due to access issues; soil conditions in the West Clay Pit were
assumed to be similar to the Middle Clay Pit.

The secondary slope (Slope 2) for the Waterfall and Cherokee Heights Ravine cross sections were not analyzed for high
groundwater conditions. A high groundwater condition also was not evaluated as part of the ponding analysis for the
Cherokee Heights Ravine section; see Table 4-6.

4.4.2

Role of Vegetation in Stability

There is diverse vegetation on the upper soil slopes of the study area and trees of various sizesfrom
saplings to mature 40-foot trees. There is also grass/weed vegetation that has formed carpet-like mats on
many of the parks slopes (see photos 12, 13, and 24 in Attachment D).
In certain scenarios, vegetation can help increase slope stability by reinforcing soils and absorbing water
that would otherwise increase moisture content. However, trees in the study area have not stabilized the
larger slides, as evidenced by the trees caught in the large 2014 landslide (see photos 4 through 7 and 14
in Attachment D). Furthermore, trees that are overhanging or near the edge of slopes may help trigger
landslides when undermined, unstable, or blown overdragging the surrounding soils down slope.
The root mats formed from the grassy/weed vegetation is effective at stabilizing the surface of the slopes,
to a depth of approximately one foot. However, as seen on many of the slopes in the West and Middle
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23

Clay Pits, these mats of root-reinforced soils appear to reach a critical condition and result in slope
failures. In fact, it appears that the soils on the slopes may actually store materials in the root mats,
potentially making the volume of the slides slightly larger than if the soils were allowed to ravel on unvegetated slopes. Therefore, caution should be exercised below steep, vegetated, natural slopes (i.e.,
against the steep slopes of the clay pits). And, because the failure surface extends well below the root
zones that bind the soils, neither trees nor grass/weed vegetation should be considered to stabilize the
upper soil slopes.
Ultimately, some form of surface vegetation should be placed on the park slopes. Otherwise, erosion will
create large amounts of downstream sediment that is both costly and time-consuming to manage. If
slopes are regraded or existing vegetation is removed, vegetation that is suitable to park conditions and
able to minimize soil erosion is recommended. Removal of larger trees overhanging or near the edge of
the soil slopes may also be beneficial, reducing these as a trigger mechanism for slides and/or reducing
the volume of slide events.

4.5 Summary of Geotechnical Findings


Seepage and soil saturation (which results in a loss of suction) can reduce stability of the slopes.
Geotechnical modeling results indicate that the infiltration of approximately 3.5 inches of water in a
24-hour period is enough to impact soil stability. Loss of suction can also be realized through elevation of
the groundwater table following periods of heavy precipitation either at the site or upstream within the
watershed. Modeling results also indicate that a rise in the groundwater table caused by seepage (an
increase of a few to several feet) can also impact slope stability.
These results and the observations made by Barr during the May and July 2014 site visits have been used
to define risk categories and evaluate potential remediation options discussed in the Main Report.

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24

5.0 Additional Testing and Analysis


This study was performed to evaluate general slope stability in the Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional
Park. To perform detailed design of stabilization methods such as soldier piles, soil nails, or retaining walls,
additional investigations, testing, and analysis are required. To gain a better understanding of fluctuations
in groundwater and evaluate potential changes in soil moisture content/saturation and subsequent
changes in stability, we recommend that piezometers be installed and monitored.
More detailed descriptions of additional monitoring and testing options are provided in the following
sections.

5.1 Additional Information, Testing, and Analysis


5.1.1

Groundwater

The only groundwater information available at the time of this report was from the saturated zones of
soils found in the soil borings. There were several layers at depths much shallower than the soil/bedrock
transition, which appeared to be saturated or nearly saturated during drilling. This was particularly true in
the soil borings for the Cherokee Heights Ravine (STP B-1 and B-2). However, this does not agree with the
observations of seepage primarily near the top of the shale at the face of the bluff. Thus, there appears to
be some perched groundwater flow. This flow is influenced by the different permeabilities of the
interlayered sand and clay soils but, eventually, combines to flow near the top of the bedrock.
In addition, a significant concentrated seep was observed flowing from the fresh scarp of the 2014 slide
during the July site visit. The source of this groundwater may be infiltration flow from the second ravine or
groundwater flow from another source.
If steep-slope mechanical stabilization is pursued, piezometer installation should be considered during
final design to increase understanding of the groundwater depths and flow. Several piezometers installed
along the cross sections, particularly the water fall and Cherokee Heights Ravine, would better identify
groundwater flow and potential sources of seepage. An understanding of groundwater levels correlated
to storm events may also be beneficial. Vibrating wire piezometers with data loggers could be used to
evaluate the change in groundwater levels over time. For borings/areas where multiple potential zones of
saturation were observed, nested piezometers at different depths should be used to evaluate different
zones for perched groundwater flow.

5.1.2

Soil Borings

The soil stratigraphy in the borings appears to alternate among clean sands, silty sands, clayey sands, and
sandy clays over the bedrock. The soils do not appear to be regularly ordered. The suction forces of the
materials, which provide strength for the slopes, are much lower in the cleaner fine sand soils.
Understanding the locations of these clean sand layers would be beneficial for evaluating and designing
potential stabilization alternatives. Therefore, it is recommended that any of the soil borings completed
for piezometer installation be logged to evaluate soil conditions.
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25

5.1.3

Laboratory Testing

Soils derived from the additional soil borings should be tested to identify additional parameters for final
analysis and design. Understanding drained strength parameters for the weathered shale soils would be
particularly beneficial. The failures predicted from the drained strengths reported by NTI do not appear to
match the observed failures.

5.1.4

Instrumentation

Understanding the location of the potential failure planes would also be beneficial if further evaluation
and final design of stabilization alternatives is pursued. To date, failure scarps (usually observed from a
distance) provide the only indication of the type and shape of failure surfaces. Installation of inclinometers
in areas of anticipated failure would better define the failure surfaces; this should be considered during
final design if steep-slope mechanical stabilization is pursued. This would allow for better back analysis
(analyzing a known failure to determine the soil and groundwater properties) and potentially determine
whether block-style failure planes may be observed.

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26

6.0 Limitations
6.1
6.1.1

Variations in Subsurface Conditions


Material Variability and Degree of Weathering

This evaluation, analyses, and recommendations were developed from the information provided and
subsurface collected. It is not standard engineering practice to retrieve material samples from borings
continuously with depth; therefore, strata boundaries and thicknesses must be inferred to some extent.
Strata boundaries may also be gradual transitions and can be expected to vary in depth, elevation, and
thickness away from the boring locations. Although strata boundaries can be determined with continuous
sampling, the boundaries apparent at boring locations likely vary away from each boring. Specifically, due
to concern over the stability of the Brickyard Trail, soil conditions at the Middle Clay Pit were assumed to
extend to the West Clay Pit. The soil conditions at the West Clay Pit would need to be determined prior to
the final evaluation and design of any soil stabilization methods.
Variations in subsurface conditions between borings may not be revealed until additional exploration
work is completed or construction commences. Such variations could increase construction costs, and a
contingency should be provided to accommodate such variations.

6.1.2

Groundwater Variability

Groundwater measurements were made under the conditions indicated in the boring logs and interpreted
in the text of this Appendix. It should be noted that the observation periods were relatively short, and
groundwater can be expected to fluctuate in response to rainfall, snowmelt, flooding, irrigation, seasonal
freezing and thawing, surface drainage modifications, and other seasonal and annual factors.

6.2

Limitations of Analysis

This Appendix is for the exclusive use of the City of Saint Paul Parks and Recreation. Barr assumes no
responsibility to other parties. Our evaluation, analyses, and recommendations may not be appropriate for
other parties or projects.
No published national standards exist for data retrieval and geotechnical evaluations. Barr has used the
methods and procedures described in this Appendix. In performing its services, Barr used the degree of
care, skill, and generally accepted engineering methods and practices ordinarily exercised under similar
circumstances and under similar budget and time constraints by reputable members of its profession
practicing in the same locality. Reasonable effort was made to characterize the project site based on the
site-specific field work; however, there is always the possibility that conditions may vary away from the
locations where testing was performed. Qualified personnel should carefully verify soil conditions during
construction. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

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27

7.0 References
1. National Park Service. The Brickyards of St. Paul. National Park Service. [Online]
http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/brickyards.htm.
2. Mossler, J. and Benson, S. Minnesota at a Glance: Fossil Collecting in the Twin Cities Area. St. Paul :
Minnesota Geological Survey, 2006.
3. Minnehaha Creek Watershed District. Minneahaha Creek Watershed District Comprehensive Water
Resoruces Management Plan. Minnehaha Creek Watershed District: Quality of Water, Quality of Life.
[Online] 2014. http://www.minnehahacreek.org/comprehensive-water-resources-managementplan/minnehaha-creek-watershed-district-comprehensive-water.
4. Northern Technologies Inc. Lilydale Regional Park Slope Failure Investigation. St. Paul : Northern
Technologies, Inc., 2013.
5. American Engineering Testing, Inc. Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee Regional
Trail Widening along Cherokee Heights Boulevard. St. Paul : American Engineering Testing, 2011.
6. American Engineering Testing. Report of Geotechnical Exploration and Review, Cherokee Regional Trail
Widening. St. Paul : American Engineering Testing, 2010.
7. Bonestroo. Lilydale Regional Park Natural Resources Management Plan. St. Paul : Bonestroo, 2009.
8. Naval Facilities Engineering Command. 7.01: Soil Mechanics. [book auth.] Naval Facilities Engineering
Command. Naval Facilities and Engineering Command Design Manual. Alexandria : s.n., 1986.
9. Abramson, Lee W, Lee, Thomas S., Sharma, Sunil and Boyce, Glenn M. Slope Stability and
Stabilization Methods. 2nd. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
10. AccuWeather.com. AccuWeather.com for St. Paul, MN, Local Weather. AccuWeather.com. [Online]
2014. http://www.accuweather.com/en/us/st-paul-mn/55102/juneweather/348795?monyr=6/1/2014&view=table.
11. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA's National Weather Service
Hydrometerological Design Studies Center Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS). NOAA's National
Weather Service Hydrometerological Design Studies Center . [Online] 2014.
http://dipper.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/.

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28

Attachment A
Soil Boring Summary

Attachment A
Soil Boring Summary

Turbine ID/
Test ID

SB-2-14
SB-3-14
STP-B-1
STP-B-2

Turbine Coordinates,

Soil Boring

decimal degrees

& Lab Soil

Latitude

148037.2
146215.4
147165.0
147248.1

Longitude

570885.8
569917.8
571159.7
570934.1

Testing

X
X
X
X

Attachment B
Soil Boring Logs

Previous Boring Logs

BORING NUMBER HA-1

Northern Technologies, Inc.


1408 Northland Drive, Suite 107
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
651-389-4191

PAGE 1 OF 1

CLIENT City of St. Paul

PROJECT NAME Lilydale Slide

PROJECT NUMBER 13.60260.800

PROJECT LOCATION Lilydale, MN


COMPLETED 7/10/13

DRILLING CONTRACTOR NTI

GROUND ELEVATION 199.68 ft

AT TIME OF DRILLING --- No groundwater observed.

2" TOPSOIL
SILTY SAND - (SP), fine to medium grained, trace roots, trace
gravel, brown, moist, loose to dense

NOTE: Trace shale below 1 foot

2.5

NOTE: Cobbles at 3 feet

HA
1

HA

HA
2

HA

HA
3

11

HA

17

HA
4

14

HA

FINES CONTENT
(%)

PLASTICITY
INDEX

PLASTIC
LIMIT

ATTERBERG
LIMITS
LIQUID
LIMIT

MOISTURE
CONTENT (%)

DRY UNIT WT.


(pcf)

0.0

AFTER DRILLING --POCKET PEN.


(tsf)

GRAPHIC
LOG

DEPTH
(ft)
GEOTECH BH COLUMNS - REVISED DATA TEMPLATE_7-20-12.GDT - 8/14/13 12:21 - C:\USERS\RACHELL\DESKTOP\GNIT FILES\LILYDALE SLIDE_7-10-13\LILYDALE SLIDE (H.A.).GPJ

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

AT END OF DRILLING ---

BLOW
COUNTS
(N VALUE)

CHECKED BY RMB

NOTES N-Value estimated via Dynamic Cone Penotrometer (DCP)

RECOVERY %
(RQD)

LOGGED BY RL

HOLE SIZE 3 inches

GROUND WATER LEVELS:

DRILLING METHOD Hand Auger

SAMPLE TYPE
NUMBER

DATE STARTED 7/10/13

20

HA
5
HA
5.0
NOTE: Occasional shale fragments at 5 feet

SHALE - gray

HA
6
HA
7

Boring terminated at 6.0 feet.

23

BORING NUMBER SB-1

Northern Technologies, Inc.


1408 Northland Drive, Suite 107
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
651-389-4191

PAGE 1 OF 3

CLIENT City of St. Paul

PROJECT NAME Lilydale Slide

PROJECT NUMBER 13.60260.800

PROJECT LOCATION Lilydale, MN


COMPLETED 6/12/13

DRILLING CONTRACTOR STS Enterprises LLC

GROUND ELEVATION 264.45 ft


AT TIME OF DRILLING ---

6" TOPSOIL
FILL: CLAY, trace roots, brown, moist, medium

SS
1

GEOTECH BH COLUMNS - REVISED DATA TEMPLATE_7-20-12.GDT - 8/21/13 13:25 - C:\USERS\PUBLIC\DOCUMENTS\BENTLEY\GINT\PROJECTS\LILYDALE.GPJ

SS
2

2-2-5-6
(7)

67

6-6-9-9
(15)

100

9-12-15
(27)

92

12-12-1215
(24)

100

12-16-18
(34)

100

9-11-9
(20)

63

5-7-9-11
(16)

83

8-10-8
(18)

63

10-9-8-11
(17)

75

8-7-7-9
(14)

HS
FILL: POORLY GRADED SAND WITH A LITTLE SILT - (SP-SM),
fine to medium grained, trace gravel, brown, dry, medium dense to
dense
5" Casing from 0 to 8 feet
4" Casing from 8 to 41 feet

10
CLAYEY SAND - (SC), fine to medium grained, trace gravel,
brown, moist, dense to very dense

SS
3
HS
SS
4
HS
SS
5
RW
SS
6
RW

15

SS
7
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH A LITTLE SILT - (SP-SM), fine
to medium grained, trace gravel, brown, moist, dense
20

RW
SS
8
RW
SS
9
RW

25

CLAYEY SAND - (SC), fine to medium grained, trace gravel,


brown, moist, medium dense

SS
10
RW
SS
11
RW

SANDY CLAY - (CL), trace gravel, brown to gray, moist, stiff

SS
12

100

5-8-10-12
(18)

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH A LITTLE SILT - (SP-SM), fine


to coarse grained, trace gravel, light brown, waterbearing, dense
to very dense

RW
SS
13
RW

89

8-11-13
(24)

SS
14

92

12-18-1820
(36)

30

35

RW
(Continued Next Page)

FINES CONTENT
(%)

58

HS

PLASTIC
LIMIT

2-2-2-2
(4)

LIQUID
LIMIT

50

ATTERBERG
LIMITS
PLASTICITY
INDEX

MOISTURE
CONTENT (%)

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

DRY UNIT WT.


(pcf)

AFTER DRILLING 57.50 ft / Elev 206.95 ft Taken in morning (6/12/13).


POCKET PEN.
(tsf)

GRAPHIC
LOG

DEPTH
(ft)

AT END OF DRILLING 58.00 ft / Elev 206.45 ft Taken in morning.

BLOW
COUNTS
(N VALUE)

CHECKED BY RMB

NOTES See below for casing and sampling notes

RECOVERY %
(RQD)

LOGGED BY RTM

HOLE SIZE 5" Casing inches

GROUND WATER LEVELS:

DRILLING METHOD 3 1/4 in. H.S.A.

SAMPLE TYPE
NUMBER

DATE STARTED 6/8/13

BORING NUMBER SB-1

Northern Technologies, Inc.


1408 Northland Drive, Suite 107
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
651-389-4191

45

5 1/8" diameter rock bit from 0 to 41 feet


3 7/8" diameter rock bit from 41 to 41.5 feet
Reamed boulder with 3 7/8" diameter core barrel
SANDY CLAY - (CL), trace gravel, brown to gray, moist, very stiff

20-50/0"

SS
17

100

20-21-2341
(44)

SS
18

100

15-30-33
(63)

75

15-25-4060
(65)

100

15-30-50
(80)

88

25-35-3035
(65)

100

15-30-40
(70)

92

30-35-3850
(73)

50

50/4"

43

16

27

RW

RC

RW
SS
19
50

RW
SS
20
POORLY GRADED SAND - (SP), very fine grained, brown,
waterbearing, very dense

RW
SS
21

55

RW
SS
22
POORLY GRADED SAND - (SP), fine to medium grained, trace
gravel, brown, waterbearing, very dense

RW
SS
23

60
WEATHERED SHALE OCCASIONALLY INTERBEDDED WITH
LIMESTONE
30% water loss while coring

65

NX Casing was set from 0 to 61 feet and cleaned out with 2 15/16"
rock bit
NX 2 15/16" core barrel sampling from 61 to 71, and 73 to 100 feet
After sitting overnight with broken diamond bit at 71 feet, hole was
cleaned out on 6-11-13 with rock bit from 71 to 73 feet.
100% water loss and 1 broken diamond bit while coring from 66 to
71 feet

RW
SS
24
RB
RC
25

90

RC
26

80

70
RB
27
0.5 hrs to core from 73 to 78 feet.
75
(Continued Next Page)

16

FINES CONTENT
(%)

83

MOISTURE
CONTENT (%)

RW
SS
16

POCKET PEN.
(tsf)

12-14-16
(30)

PLASTICITY
INDEX

GEOTECH BH COLUMNS - REVISED DATA TEMPLATE_7-20-12.GDT - 8/21/13 13:25 - C:\USERS\PUBLIC\DOCUMENTS\BENTLEY\GINT\PROJECTS\LILYDALE.GPJ

NOTE: Granite boulder from 39.5 to 43 feet.

89

PLASTIC
LIMIT

40

SS
15

ATTERBERG
LIMITS
LIQUID
LIMIT

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH A LITTLE SILT - (SP-SM), fine


to coarse grained, trace gravel, light brown, waterbearing, dense
to very dense (continued)

BLOW
COUNTS
(N VALUE)

35

RECOVERY %
(RQD)

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

SAMPLE TYPE
NUMBER

PROJECT LOCATION Lilydale, MN

GRAPHIC
LOG

PROJECT NAME Lilydale Slide

PROJECT NUMBER 13.60260.800

DEPTH
(ft)

CLIENT City of St. Paul

DRY UNIT WT.


(pcf)

PAGE 2 OF 3

BORING NUMBER SB-1

Northern Technologies, Inc.


1408 Northland Drive, Suite 107
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
651-389-4191

52

19

33

81

0.5 hrs to core from 78 to 79.5 feet.

GEOTECH BH COLUMNS - REVISED DATA TEMPLATE_7-20-12.GDT - 8/21/13 13:25 - C:\USERS\PUBLIC\DOCUMENTS\BENTLEY\GINT\PROJECTS\LILYDALE.GPJ

80

1.2 hrs to core from 79.5 to 84.5 feet.

14
RC
29

97

RC
30

73

RC
31

100

85

60 gallons of water loss from 84.5 to 92 feet

90

50 gallons of water loss from 92 to 100 feet


95

100

shale.

All shale and limestone drilled hard.


Voids or soft layers were not sensed with drill.
Very slow drilling with low downward pressure in
Borehole backfilled with neat cement grout.
Boring terminated at 100.0 feet.

FINES CONTENT
(%)

MOISTURE
CONTENT (%)

POCKET PEN.
(tsf)

BLOW
COUNTS
(N VALUE)

PLASTICITY
INDEX

RC
28

PLASTIC
LIMIT

WEATHERED SHALE OCCASIONALLY INTERBEDDED WITH


LIMESTONE (continued)
700 gallons of water used from 71 to 85 feet
50% water loss while coring

ATTERBERG
LIMITS
LIQUID
LIMIT

75

RECOVERY %
(RQD)

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

SAMPLE TYPE
NUMBER

PROJECT LOCATION Lilydale, MN

GRAPHIC
LOG

PROJECT NAME Lilydale Slide

PROJECT NUMBER 13.60260.800

DEPTH
(ft)

CLIENT City of St. Paul

DRY UNIT WT.


(pcf)

PAGE 3 OF 3

Core/Profile: Lilydale Core #1


Location: Northing 147504.8050 Easting 570917.7170
Legal description: SW SE SE Section 12 T28N R23W
County: Ramsey
Parent material: Glaciofluvial
Vegetation: Unknown
Slope: Unknown
Elevation: 958.71 feet (292.2 meters) NAVD 88 Datum
Remarks: Hollow-stem auger with discontinuous split-spoon sampling. Drillers reported drilling through a granite
boulder at 39.5-43.0 feet depth. All samples were moist unless noted otherwise. Core described by Curtis M.
Hudak on June 27, 2013.
Depth
(feet)
1.6-1.8

Horizon
or Zone
C

1.8-2.0

4.1-4.5

6.6-7.0

9.1-9.5

11.6-12.0

14.1-14.5

16.6-17.0

19.1-19.5

21.6-22.0

Description
very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silt loam to loam; few medium distinct
strong brown (7.5YR4/6) mottles; massive to very weak thin platy
structure; friable; non-effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; faint bedding
may be indicative of sheetwash, alluvial/colluvial. NTI Sample #1.
alternating brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4) and dark brown (7.5YR3/2)
coarse silt loams; weak thin laminar bedding; friable; non-effervescent;
unknown lower boundary; laminar beds are of the same textures but
different colors and suggest transport of materials from nearby upslope
sources, alluvial/colluvial. NTI Sample #1.
yellowish brown (10YR5/4-5/6) silt loam; few fine distinct strong brown
(7.5YR4/6) mottles; very weak traces of laminar bedding; friable; noneffervescent; unknown lower boundary; common fine rootlets; one
subangular metamorphic pebble lower boundary, alluvial/colluvial. NTI
Sample #2.
pink (7.5YR7/4 dry; brown to dark brown 7.5YR4/4 when moistened) fine
sand with few fine pebbles; single grain; loose; slight effervescence;
unknown lower boundary; one coarse angular possibly fossiliferous pebble,
fluvial. NTI Sample #3.
brown (7.5YR5/4) fine loamy sand with pebbles; single grain; weak thin
bedding; very friable to loose; strong effervescence; unknown lower
boundary; coarse pebbles are angular sandstones; fine pebbles are
subrounded metamorphics. NTI Sample #4.
alternating brown (7.5YR5/4; saturated) fine sand thin bedding and dark
brown to brown (7.5YR4/4; saturated) sandy loam medium beds; sandy
loam medium beds part to thin beds; fines sands are loose; sandy loams are
very friable; strong effervescence; unknown lower boundary; single
subrounded 1.75x1.25x1.0 red granite pebble, fluvial. NTI Sample #5.
dark brown to brown (7.5YR4/2-4/4; moist) loamy sand to sandy loam with
few pebbles; weak medium bedding; very friable; strong effervescence;
unknown lower boundary; subangular 1.0x1.25x1.0 black basalt pebble,
fluvial. NTI Sample #6.
dark yellowish brown to brown to dark brown (10YR-7.5YR4/4) loamy
sand with few pebbles; very weak thin to medium bedding; very friable;
strong effervescence; unknown lower boundary; subangular
0.75x1.0x0.5 white chert pebble; subangular 0.75x1.0x0.5 black
basalt pebble, fluvial. NTI Sample #7.
brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4) fine loamy sand with fine to medium
pebbles; very weak medium bedding to massive; very friable to loose;
slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary; single thin medium sand
lens, fluvial. NTI Sample #8.
brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4; saturated) fine loamy sand with medium
pebbles; very weak medium bedding to massive; very friable to loose;

Depth
(feet)

Horizon
or Zone

24.1-24.5

26.6-27.0

29.1-29.5

31.6-32.0

34.1-34.5

36.6-37.0

39.1-39.5

39.5-43.0
44.7-45.0

46.6-47.0

49.1-49.5

50.5-50.9

Description
slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary; triangular shaped
subangular 1.25x1.0x0.5 black basalt pebble, fluvial. NTI Sample #9.
dark yellowish brown to brown to dark brown (10YR-7.5YR4/4)
alternating fine sandy loam with pebbles and very fine to fine sand; very
weak bedding to massive (sandy loam) and single grain (fine sands); very
friable (loams) and loose (sands); slight effervescence; unknown lower
boundary; abrupt boundaries between intra-sample beds, fluvial. NTI
Sample #10.
brown (7.5YR5/4; saturated) silty clay loam to sandy clay loam with
medium pebbles; massive; firm; slight effervescence; unknown lower
boundary; chert and metamorphic pebbles are subrounded; sedimentary
pebbles are subangular, fluvial/alluvial. NTI Sample #11.
brown (7.5YR5/4; saturated) sandy clay loam diamicton; few very coarse
prominent gray to grayish brown (2.5Y5/0-5/2) mottles; massive; very firm;
slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary; subrounded fine to medium
pebbles with long axis dipping 45-50 degrees (fabric orientation could not
be determined from uncontrolled split-spoon sampler), till. NTI Sample
#12.
uppermost 0.25 inches are same as above except for abrupt gravelly lag
deposit to 31.7 feet at lower boundary; very thin iron oxidized sand bed
under lag deposit; 31.7-32.0 feet is strong brown to reddish yellow
(7.5YR5/4-6/8) coarse to very coarse sand with crumbling pebbles; single
grain; loose; slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary, till over lag
over fluvial. NTI Sample #13.
brownish yellow (10YR6/8) medium to coarse sand with common pebbles;
single grain; loose; slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary; pebbles
and coarse sands are well rounded to subangular, fluvial. NTI Sample #14.
brownish yellow (10YR6/8) fine to medium sand; single grain; loose; slight
effervescence; unknown lower boundary; single fine flat crumbling black
schist pebble (aerodynamic shape may explain this being the only pebble
amongst the finer sand grains), fluvial. NTI Sample #15.
yellowish brown (10YR5/4; saturated) very coarse sand to loamy sand;
common medium distinct very dark brown (10YR2/2) and reddish yellow
(7.5YR6/8) mottles; single grain; very friable to loose; slightly sticky in
localized spots; slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary; variety of
mottles indicates that a textural/hydraulic boundary may be in close
proximity, fluvial. NTI Sample #16.
drillers reported drilling through granite boulder, possible lag deposit.
brownish yellow (10YR6/8) sandy clay loam diamicton; many coarse
prominent yellowish red (5YR4/6 & 5/8) and very dark gray (10YR3/1)
mottles (darker mottles are MnOx staining); alternating wavy and irregular
bedding; firm; strong effervescence; unknown lower boundary; subrounded
1.0x1.0x0.5 black metamorphic pebble; mottle banding within texturally
distinct bedding, till. NTI Sample #17.
brown to light yellowish brown (10YR5/3-6/4) coarse silt loam; common
medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR6/8) and light gray (2.5Y7/0)
mottles; massive; friable; slight effervescence; unknown lower boundary;
possible loess or alluvially/colluvially reworked loess. NTI Sample #18.
very dark grayish brown to dark grayish brown (2.5Y3/2-4/2) clay loam
diamicton; massive; extremely firm; slight effervescence; unknown lower
boundary, till. NTI Sample #19.
strong brown (7.5YR5/6) sandy clay loam diamicton; common fine
prominent black (10YR2/1) mottles (MnOx staining along joints); massive
with traces of fabric; very firm; strong effervescence; unknown lower

Depth
(feet)

Horizon
or Zone

51.8-52.0

54.1-54.5

56.6-57.0

59.1-59.5

60.2-60.5

CR

60.5-61.0

RC & R

End of Split-Spoon
Boring @ 61.0

Description
boundary. Drillers reported lithologic change at 51.7 ft., till. NTI Sample
#20A
grayish brown (2.5Y5/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; noneffervescent;
abrupt lower boundary, alluvium. NTI Sample #20B
light brownish gray (2.5Y6/2-6/4) silt loam; many medium distinct strong
brown (7.5YR5/8) mottles; weak thin bedding; friable; strong
effervescence; unknown lower boundary, alluvium/colluvium. NTI Sample
#21.
uppermost 0.04 feet is a light brownish gray (10YR-2.5Y6/2) fine silt loam;
few fine prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR6/8) mottles; massive; friable to
firm; slight effervescence; abrupt lower boundary; lowermost 0.3 feet is a
light brownish gray (10YR-2.5Y6/2) very fine sand; few medium faint
brownish yellow (10YR6/6) mottles; very weak bedding to massive; very
friable; spotty effervescence; unknown lower boundary, alluvial. NTI
Sample #22.
olive brown (2.5Y4/4; saturated) fine to coarse sand; few fine distinct
strong brown (7.5YR5/6) mottles; single grain; loose; slight effervescence;
poorly sorted sands indicates probable flood deposit, fluvial. NTI Sample
#23.
multicolored and alternating silt loams (2.5Y6/0-6/2; possibly weathered
shale), silty clay loams (10YR5/4), and sandy clay loams (7.5YR6/8);
common prominent black (10YR2/1) MnOx stains; thin bedding; silt loams
are hard or weakly cemented and have slight effervescence; silty clay loams
are very firm and have strong effervescence; sandy clay loams are firm and
have strong effervescence; boundaries within sample are irregular;
unknown lower boundary; subrounded 1.75x1.0x0.75 pebble at lower
boundary, fluvially reworked bedrock. NTI Sample #24.
brown (10YR5/3) very coarse sands; single grain; loose; violent
effervescence; unknown lower boundary; very poor recovery; sand grains
are angular and probably represent locally reworked sedimentary bedrock
lying on top of shale bedrock; bedrock shale beds reported by drillers at
60.5 feet. NTI Sample #25.
top of bedrock elevation is 897.71 ft.

Project Name

: Lillydale Slide

Summit Project No. : 2198-0001

Summit Envirosolutions, Inc.


1217 Bandana Boulevard North
St. Paul, MN 55180-5114

Depth
in
feet

Project Location

: Lillydale, MN

County

: Ramsey

Description Performed
: by: Brian Gulbranson
Surface grade elelvation:

LOG OF BORING 13-60260-800


Date
: 7/2/13
Company/Method : Northern Technologies Inc.
Sample Method : Wire line Core
Field Observer(s) : Ryan Benson
:
Weather

N/A

MAJOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

GRAPHIC LOG

Decorah limestone, gray green, argillaceous, fossiliferous


(bryozoans, brachiopods, ostracods, crinoids), extensively
bioturbated (flattened burrows), yellow brown ooids, trace FeS
fossil replacement, trace black phosphatic grains, rare gypsum
nodules along bedding planes, thin bryozoan coquina beds

MINOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

Calcareous shale, green gray, thin,


slightly wavy partings

Subvertical fracture, 61.1 - 63.75

Subvertical fracture, 64.4 - 64.75


65

No sample

Calcareous Decorah shale, gray green, thinly bedded, clay


particles parallel bedding, rare fossils

Argillaceous Limestone

Argillaceous Limestone, 67.4 - 68

70

Calcareous Decorah shale, gray green, massive, rare fossils

End of Boring at 100 feet.

Page 1 of 4

Project Name

: Lillydale Slide

Summit Project No. : 2198-0001

Summit Envirosolutions, Inc.


1217 Bandana Boulevard North
St. Paul, MN 55180-5114

Depth
in
feet

GRAPHIC LOG

Project Location

: Lillydale, MN

County

: Ramsey

Description Performed
: by: Brian Gulbranson
Surface grade elelvation:

LOG OF BORING 13-60260-800


Date
: 7/2/13
Company/Method : Northern Technologies Inc.
Sample Method : Wire line Core
Field Observer(s) : Ryan Benson
:
Weather

N/A

MAJOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

MINOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

Decorah limestone as above with numerous shale laminae

75

Shale, 75 - 75.6

Calcareous Decorah shale, gray green, thinly bedded, clay


particles parallel bedding, rare fossils
Limestone, 76.7 - 76.75

Limestone, 79.1 - 79.2

80

Limestone, 79.6 - 79.7


Limestone, 79.8 - 79.85

Shaly Limestone, 81.1 - 81.65

Limestone, 82 - 82.2

End of Boring at 100 feet.

Page 2 of 4

Project Name

: Lillydale Slide

Summit Project No. : 2198-0001

Summit Envirosolutions, Inc.


1217 Bandana Boulevard North
St. Paul, MN 55180-5114

Depth
in
feet

Project Location

: Lillydale, MN

County

: Ramsey

Description Performed
: by: Brian Gulbranson
Surface grade elelvation:

Date
: 7/2/13
Company/Method : Northern Technologies Inc.
Sample Method : Wire line Core
Field Observer(s) : Ryan Benson
:
Weather

N/A

MAJOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

GRAPHIC LOG

85

LOG OF BORING 13-60260-800

Decorah limestone, blue gray, coarsely crystalline, massive,


fossiliferous, trace black phosphatic grains, rare gypsum nodules

MINOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

Coquina, 84.9 - 85
Shale, 85.2 - 85.35
Coquina, 85.4 - 85.7

Coquina, 86 - 86.1

Coquina, 86.6 - 86.7

Coquina, 87.2 - 87.4


Shale, 87.5 - 88

Coquina, 88.1 - 88.6

Shale, 89.15 - 89.25

90
No sample

K - Bentonite

End of Boring at 100 feet.

Page 3 of 4

Project Name

: Lillydale Slide

Summit Project No. : 2198-0001

Summit Envirosolutions, Inc.


1217 Bandana Boulevard North
St. Paul, MN 55180-5114

Depth
in
feet

GRAPHIC LOG

Project Location

: Lillydale, MN

County

: Ramsey

Description Performed
: by: Brian Gulbranson
Surface grade elelvation:

LOG OF BORING 13-60260-800


Date
: 7/2/13
Company/Method : Northern Technologies Inc.
Sample Method : Wire line Core
Field Observer(s) : Ryan Benson
:
Weather

N/A

MAJOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

MINOR LITHOLOGY
DESCRIPTIONS

Coquina: calcitic, fossiliferous hash of bryozoans, brachiopods,


ostracods and crinoids, includes shaley matrix

Calcareous Decorah shale, gray green, thinly bedded, clay


particles parallel bedding, rare fossils, some detrital fragments

95

Decorah limestone, blue gray, coarsely crystalline, massive,


fossiliferous, trace black phosphatic grains, rare gypsum nodules
Calcareous Decorah shale, gray green, massive, rare fossils
Limestone, 95.6 - 95.8
Limestone, 96 - 96.2

Limestone, 97.4 - 97.6

Limestone, 98 - 98.25

Limestone, 98.85 - 98.9

Limestone, 99.45 - 99.75


100

End of Boring at 100 feet.

Page 4 of 4

Current Boring Logs

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

966.6 ft
Surface Elev.:
TOPSOIL | FILL (SM): fine to medium grained; black;
965.1 moist; medium dense; trace to few coarse grained
sand to fine grained gravel; subrounded to rounded;
with organics.
LEAN CLAY | FILL (CL): orangish to reddish brown
5
with dark brown; dry to moist; medium stiff to stiff;
with silt; few to some fine grained sand; trace coarse
grained sand to fine grained gravel; subrounded to
rounded.
7.0 ft: Layer (up to 12" thick) of poorly graded sand
with clay (SP-SC); fine to medium grained; reddish
10
brown; dry to moist; medium dense; few coarse
grained sand.
954.1
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC):
fine to medium grained; light brown to brown; dry to
moist; dense to very dense; some coarse grained
15
sand; few to some fine grained gravel; trace coarse
grained gravel; subrounded; some apparent cohesion
948.6 due to clay content.
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): light brown to brown; dry
to moist; very stiff to hard; some fine to coarse
20
grained sand; few to some fine grained gravel; trace
coarse grained gravel; subrounded.

Sample Type & Rec.

St. Paul, MN

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 1 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-2-14

965

960

955

950

945

Physical Properties
WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

City of St. Paul

Client:

FINES

30

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

WC
pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

20

1.5

19.6 102.8

14

1.75
1.75

25

5.2

39

4.5

35

9.1

127.4

4.5

48

12.5

11

48

68

6.3

>> 67

18.0

43

7.8

31
27

4.5

942.1

25
24.5
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC):
fine to medium grained; light brown to light reddish
940
19
brown; moist; medium dense; few coarse grained
sand to fine grained gravel; subrounded; occasional
937.6 thin layer of moist, clean, very fine to fine grained
17
29.0
sand.
30
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
104.0
Remarks: Coring time per foot continually increased with depth

25

Date Boring Started:


Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

6/18/14
6/25/14
JWH
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
966.6
N 148,037.2 ft E 570,885.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

7.2

85

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Rock Core

At Time of Drilling

65.0

5.2

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 2 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-2-14

935

930

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): fine to medium


grained; orangish tan to light brown; moist to wet;
934.1 medium dense; trace coarse grained sand; trace silt;
occasional thin layer of high silt content. (Continued)
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): tan to light brown; moist
35
to wet; very stiff; with fine to coarse grained sand;
few fine grained gravel; occasional thin layer of moist,
clean, medium to coarse grained sand.

City of St. Paul


Physical Properties

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

WC

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

30

Client:

FINES

30

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

14

7.9

26

32.5
18

12.9

21

30

67

91

11.7

1.5

927.6
39.0

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): fine to medium


grained; reddish tan to orangish red; moist; dense;
few coarse grained sand; trace fine to coarse grained
gravel; occasional thin layer of sandy lean clay.
922.6 42.0 ft: Layer (up to 12" thick) of lean clay with silt
(CL); gray with orange to red oxidation; moist.
45
POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): very fine to fine
grained; orange with red layering; moist to wet;
dense; trace to few medium to coarse grained sand;
trace to few fine grained gravel at depth; layer of fine
to coarse grained gravel at lower contact.
40

925

920

30
19.9

31

44.0

33

24

101.9

1.5

36
4

49

88

6.6

39

50

34

915

16

913.6
53.0

SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): reddish brown to


brownish dark gray; moist; very stiff to hard; some
fine to medium grained sand; few coarse grained
sand to fine grained gravel; rounded; low toughness.

55
910

1.5

25

60

>> 50/2"
>> 84

907.6
Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

16.7

59.0

Continued Next Page


Remarks: Coring time per foot continually increased with depth

104.0
6/18/14
6/25/14
JWH
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
966.6
N 148,037.2 ft E 570,885.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Rock Core

At Time of Drilling

65.0

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 3 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-2-14

Physical Properties

6/18/14
6/25/14
JWH
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
966.6
N 148,037.2 ft E 570,885.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

PL

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

SAND

SILT

20

30

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

FINES

40

20

40

WELL GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SW-SC):


>> 62
medium to coarse grained; orangish brown to brown;
905
moist; very dense; some fine to coarse grained
>> 116
gravel; subangular to angular; occasional thin layer of
901.6 very fine to fine grained sand; occasional thin layer of
>> 50/3"
65
sandy lean clay with gravel. (Continued)
65.0
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SP-SM): fine
900
>> 64
grained; tan to gray with orange; wet to saturated;
898.6
>> 50/1"
very dense; trace to few medium grained sand.
898.1
68.0
LIMESTONE WITH CALCAREOUS SHALE; buff to
68.5
896.6
light gray with blue-green gray shale; fresh; thinly
70
70.0
895.6 bedded; horizontal; close to medium fracture spacing;
71.0
894.6 0 fracture dipping; some thinly bedded to laminated
895
894.1 with calcareous shale as described below; rare thin
72.0
72.5
892.6 calcareous shale zone weathered to clayey shale;
74.0
horizontal fractures generally at or adjacent to
75
calcareous shale zones; rare noncontinuous
889.6 subvertical fracture with some oxidation; strong HCl
890
reaction.
77.0
888.1 CALCAREOUS SHALE WITH LIMESTONE;
78.5
887.1 blue-green gray to gray green; fresh; fine-grained;
79.5
80 886.6 very thinly bedded; horizontal; close to medium
885.6 fracture spacing; 0 fracture dipping; few thin to
80.0
885
81.0
medium layers of interbedded limestone as described
883.6 above; weak to moderate HCl reaction.
83.0
LIMESTONE WITH CALCAREOUS SHALE; light
gray
with
blue-green
gray
shale;
fresh;
thinly
bedded;
85
horizontal; medium fracture spacing; 0 fracture
21.8
880
dipping; trace to few thinly bedded to laminated with
calcareous shale as described above; rare thin
calcareous shale zone weathered to clayey shale;
horizontal fractures generally at or adjacent to
90
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
104.0
Remarks: Coring time per foot continually increased with depth
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

City of St. Paul

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

10

60

Client:

60

20

40
40

60

80
78

Rock Core

65.0

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD
%

9.1

14.4

33

37

13.7

119

4.9

62

2.1

156.8

210.6

69

20

54

18.8

WATER LEVELS (ft)


At Time of Drilling

WC

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

60

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 4 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-2-14

875

870

865

calcareous shale zones; strong HCl reaction.


85.0 ft: Layer (up to 12" thick) of highly mechanically
874.1 disturbed calcareous shale due to swelling within
872.6 core barrel..
CALCAREOUS SHALE WITH LIMESTONE;
95
blue-green gray to gray green; fresh; fine-grained;
very thinly bedded; horizontal; medium to wide
869.1 fracture spacing; 0 fracture dipping; few thin to
medium layers of interbedded limestone as described
867.6 above; weak to moderate HCl reaction. (Continued)
94.0 ft: Layer (up to 42" thick) of alternating thin beds
100
of calcareous shale and limestone as described
above.
97.5 ft: Horizontal fracture with clayey sand to sandy
862.6 clay infill or weathered material; tan to orange tan;
moist.
105
99.0 ft: Core sample recovered largely intact.
Bottom of Boring at 104.0 feet
Terminated within Bedrock at Target Depth.

City of St. Paul


Physical Properties

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

90

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

80

WC
%

pcf

17.3 114.9

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

8.4

94.0
100

97.5
99.0

13

123.4

6.2

6.4

140.4

21.5

104.0

115

120
104.0
6/18/14
6/25/14
JWH
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
966.6
N 148,037.2 ft E 570,885.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

75

74

92.5

110

Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

Remarks: Coring time per foot continually increased with depth

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Rock Core

At Time of Drilling

65.0

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 1 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-3-14


Client:

City of St. Paul


Physical Properties

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

CLAY

LL
FINES

972.6 ft
Surface Elev.:
10
20
30
40
20
40
60
20
LEAN CLAY (CL): orangish brown; dry to wet;
16
medium stiff to stiff; with silt; few fine grained sand;
trace medium grained sand to fine grained gravel;
970
5
subangular to angular.
968.1
13
4.5
5
CLAYEY SAND (SC): fine to medium grained;
966.6 reddish brown; moist to wet; medium dense; few to
12.9
24.3
6.0
14
some coarse grained sand to coarse grained gravel;
965
subangular to angular.
20
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): light brown; moist to wet;
stiff
to
very
stiff;
some
fine
to
medium
grained
sand;
10
trace coarse grained sand to coarse grained gravel;
21
subangular to angular; occasional thin layer of wet,
fine grained sand.
960
958.6
14.0
CLAYEY SAND (SC): fine to medium grained; brown
42
15
956.6 with orange to red oxidation; moist to wet; dense; few
to some coarse grained sand; trace to few fine to
16.0
30
coarse grained gravel; subangular to angular.
955
9
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): brown; moist to wet; very
41
stiff to hard; with fine to medium grained sand; few
20
coarse grained sand; trace fine to coarse grained
36
gravel; subangular to angular.
19.5 ft: Layer (up to 6" thick) of clayey gravel (GC);
950
30
fine to coarse grained; greenish white; dry.
948.1
25
24.5
25
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC):
fine to medium grained; tan to light brown; wet;
14
945.1 medium dense; trace medium to coarse grained
945
sand.
27.5
25.0 ft: Layer (up to 12" thick) of sandy lean clay
(CL).
30
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
82.0
Remarks: Offset approximately 25 ft southeast due to landslide scarp near staked location.
6/26/14
7/10/14
JWH/KNA
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
972.6
N 146,215.4 ft E 569,917.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

SILT

N in blows/ft

Date Boring Started:


Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

SAND

40

60

Rock Core

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80
4.5
25

0.5

9.2

126.6

15.4

2.22

2.75
2.5
2

69

7.7

126.4

8.4

128.8

15.5

WATER LEVELS (ft)


At Time of Drilling
44.0
Saturated Layer from 44.0 to 45.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
50.5
Saturated Layer from 50.5 to 53.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
70.0
Saturated Layer from 70.0 to Bedrock Surface.

WC

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 2 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-3-14

Physical Properties

35

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

WC

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft

SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): light brown to brown with


red oxidation; moist to wet; very stiff; some fine to
medium grained sand; trace to few coarse grained
sand to coarse grained gravel; subangular to angular;
occasional thin layer of moist, clean, fine grained
sand. (Continued)

940

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

10

30

City of St. Paul

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

19

2.25

30
8

25

62

88

10.2

935
22

40
930

925

920

915

11.1 120.4

22

930.1

Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

82.0
6/26/14
7/10/14
JWH/KNA
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
972.6
N 146,215.4 ft E 569,917.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

2.25

20

42.5

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): fine grained; light


tan to tan; wet to saturated; medium dense; trace to
few silt; few medium grained sand.
45
926.6 44.0 ft: Layer (up to 12" thick) of sandy silt (ML);
brownish tan; saturated; very loose to loose; with very
fine grained sand.
923.6 SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): grayish brown with red
oxidation; moist to wet; very stiff; some fine to
50
medium grained sand; trace to few coarse grained
920.6 sand to coarse grained gravel; subangular to angular;
occasional thin layer of moist, clean, fine grained
919.1 sand.
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC):
55 917.1 fine to medium grained; reddish tan to reddish brown;
wet to saturated; medium dense; trace to few coare
grained sand; subangular.
SANDY SILT (ML): light brown to light brownish red;
wet to saturated; very soft; trace to few fine to
60
Continued Next Page

2.25

18

46.0

19.7

10.5

19

22.4

10.7 125.6

23

1.5
1.25

49.0
17

52.0

21.9
1

53.5

26

55.5

10

23

92

4.6

34

Remarks: Offset approximately 25 ft southeast due to landslide scarp near staked location.

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Rock Core

At Time of Drilling
44.0
Saturated Layer from 44.0 to 45.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
50.5
Saturated Layer from 50.5 to 53.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
70.0
Saturated Layer from 70.0 to Bedrock Surface.

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 3 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-3-14

Physical Properties
WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

60

City of St. Paul

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

6/26/14
7/10/14
JWH/KNA
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
972.6
N 146,215.4 ft E 569,917.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

Rock Core

pcf

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD
%

3.3

13.1

83

100

WATER LEVELS (ft)


At Time of Drilling
44.0
Saturated Layer from 44.0 to 45.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
50.5
Saturated Layer from 50.5 to 53.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
70.0
Saturated Layer from 70.0 to Bedrock Surface.

Qu

80

medium grained sand; predominantly fine to medium


36
910.6 grained sand with silt near upper contact.
62.0
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL): grayish brown with red
910
29
oxidation; moist; very stiff; with fine to coarse grained
sand; trace to few fine to coarse grained gravel;
23
65
rounded to angular.
POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): fine to medium
31
grained; orangish tan; moist to wet; medium dense to
905
dense; trace to few silt to clay; few coarse grained
29
sand to fine grained gravel; occasional thin layer of
sandy
gravel.
(Continued)
70
19
WELL GRADED SAND (SW): medium grained;
orangish tan; wet to saturated; medium dense to
900
20
dense; with fine to coarse grained sand; trace to few
fine grained gravel; trace silt to clay.
897.6
26
75
75.0
WELL GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SW-SC):
27
medium to coarse grained; orange tan with dark gray
grains;
wet
to
saturated;
medium
dense;
few
fine
895
grained sand to fine grained gravel; subrounded to
42
subangular.
80
77.0 ft: Layer (up to 24" thick) of clayey gravel (GC);
>> 72/10"
891.1 fine to coarse grained gravel; orange tan with dark
890.8 gray grains; wet to saturated; some medium to
81.5
coarse grained sand; few fine grained sand; includes
81.8
rip-up clasts of greenish gray weathered shale.
887.9
LIMESTONE WITH CALCAREOUS SHALE; buff to
85
84.8
886.6 light gray with blue-green gray shale; fresh; thinly
86.0
bedded; horizontal; medium fracture spacing; 0
fracture dipping; some thinly bedded to laminated
with calcareous shale as described below; rare thin
883.1 calcareous shale zone weathered to clayey shale;
90
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
82.0
Remarks: Offset approximately 25 ft southeast due to landslide scarp near staked location.
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

WC

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 4 of 4

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING SB-3-14

Physical Properties
WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

90

City of St. Paul

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

WC
%

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

89.5
89.8
92.0
92.4
92.5
94.8
95.0
95.3
96.5
97.0
98.0
98.3
99.0
100.0

882.9 horizontal fractures generally at or adjacent to


880.6 calcareous shale zones; rare noncontinuous
880.2 subvertical fracture with some.
880.1 CALCAREOUS SHALE WITH LIMESTONE;
877.9 blue-green gray to gray green; fresh; fine-grained;
95 877.6 very thinly laminated; horizontal; close to wide
877.4 fracture spacing; 0 fracture dipping; few thin to
876.1 medium layers of interbedded limestone as described
875.6 above; weak to moderate HCl reaction; recover was
874.6 greater than 100% indicating the shale was swelling.
100 874.4 Layer of limestone with alternating thin beds of
873.6 calcareous shale as described above.
872.6 Vertical fracture from 97.5 to 98 feet with yellow
sediment infilling.
Layer of calcareous shale with alternating thin beds
of limestone as described above.
105
Bottom of Boring at 82.0 feet
Terminated within Bedrock at Target Depth.

73

85

100

110

115

120
Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

82.0
6/26/14
7/10/14
JWH/KNA
Glacial Ridge
3 1/4" ID HSA
972.6
N 146,215.4 ft E 569,917.8 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

Remarks: Offset approximately 25 ft southeast due to landslide scarp near staked location.

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Rock Core

At Time of Drilling
44.0
Saturated Layer from 44.0 to 45.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
50.5
Saturated Layer from 50.5 to 53.0 ft.
At Time of Drilling
70.0
Saturated Layer from 70.0 to Bedrock Surface.

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600

950

23621151.00
Graphic Log

Depth, feet
0

St. Paul, MN

Location:

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)
Surface Elev.:

964.4 ft
0.3

City of St. Paul

Client:

Physical Properties
WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

940

935

20

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

4.0

pcf

Qu

4
22.2

10

69

96

8.5

25

6.5

13.7 104.7

97

14

10.5

1.8

14
13

6 inch oxidation staining at 15 feet.

1.3

13

944.4
20.0

SILT WITH CLAY (ML): tan; wet; stiff; some sand; 4


942.4 inch sand layer containing water at 21 feet.
SILTY SAND WITH CLAY (SM): fine to coarse
grained; dark red to brown; wet; medium dense;
some gravel.
25
4 inch sand seam at 22.3 feet.
3 inch sand seam at 23 feet.
3 inch sand seam at 24 feet.
936.4
9 inch sand and gravel seam at 25.5 feet.
2 inch sand seam at 27.5 feet.
30
Continued Next Page

Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

FINES

14

945

WC

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

964.1 TOPSOIL (OL): dark brown; moist; grass roots; some


sand and gravel.
LEAN CLAY (CL): reddish brown; moist; soft to
960.4 medium stiff; some small gravel and fine to medium
sand; little silt; medium plasticity.
5
SILTY SAND (SM): reddish brown; moist; loose;
957.9 some small gravel; 10% clay; round; slightly
cohesive.
SILT WITH CLAY (ML): tan; moist; very stiff; little
sand and gravel.
10 953.9
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SP-SM): tan;
moist; medium dense; angular to sub angular.

15

Sample Type & Rec.

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

Elevation, feet

Barr Project Number:

955

Sheet 1 of 3

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

960

LOG OF BORING STP-B-1

71.0
6/25/14
6/25/14
KNA
AET
3 1/4" ID HSA
964.4
N 147,165.0 ft E 571,159.7 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

17.2 21.8

10

22.0

20.4

13
15

13.5

13

28.0

17

9.9

130.2

Remarks: Mud rotary started at 32 feet

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Wet Cave-in Depth

23.0

At Time of Drilling
21.5
Saturated layer from 21.5 to 38 ft.
At Time of Drilling
63.5
Saturated layer from 63.5 to 67 ft.

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600

920

915

910

35

40

45

50

55

St. Paul, MN

23621151.00
Graphic Log

Depth, feet
30

Location:

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

Elevation, feet

Barr Project Number:

925

Sheet 2 of 3

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

930

LOG OF BORING STP-B-1


Client:

Physical Properties

PL

SAND

SILT

20

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft

FINES

30

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

WC
%

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80

21
12

12.3

10.2

12

19.8

22

38.0

10.3 127.8

1.32

24
28

41.5

12.1 127.3

32

43.5

>> 100/2"
41
>> 50/5"
>> 100/6"
>> 50/5"
>> 101

51.0

12.7

14.1
>> 71

55.0
LEAN CLAY WITH SILT (CL): yellowish tan; moist;
907.4 very dense; some gravel; blocky; orange and black
oxidized zones.
57.0
905.9
SILTY SAND (SM): fine to medium grained; tan;
58.5
moist; dense.
905
60
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
71.0
Remarks: Mud rotary started at 32 feet
6/25/14
6/25/14
KNA
AET
3 1/4" ID HSA
964.4
N 147,165.0 ft E 571,159.7 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

909.4

Date Boring Started:


Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

10

4 inch clay with silt and gravel seam at 27.75 feet.


2 inch sand seam at 29 feet.
SILTY SAND (SM): fine to coarse grained; dark red;
wet; medium dense; with clay and small to large
gravel; increasing clay content with depth.
(Continued)
High clay content at 30 feet.
3 inch sand seam at 30.5 feet.
926.4 9 inch sand seam at 31.25 feet.
4 inch clay seam at 33.5 feet.
1 inch sand seam at 36.5 feet.
1 inch sand seam at 37.5 feet.
922.9
LEAN CLAY (CL): gray; moist; very stiff; with fine to
coarse sand; with small to large gravel.
920.9 4 inch silty sand seam at 41 feet.
SILTY SAND (SM): fine to coarse grained; brown;
moist to wet; dense; small to large gravel.
Seam of oxidized clay at 42.5 feet.
SILTY GRAVEL (GM): fine to coarse grained; brown;
moist to wet; dense to very dense; some sand;
orange oxidation; green and maroon mudstone
inclusions; gravel size increases with depth.
913.4
LEAN CLAY (CL): gray; moist; very stiff; with fine to
coarse sand; with small gravel; [TILL?].

City of St. Paul

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

43.6

26.7

>> 70

15.7 112.8

5.33

>> 110
30

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Wet Cave-in Depth

23.0

At Time of Drilling
21.5
Saturated layer from 21.5 to 38 ft.
At Time of Drilling
63.5
Saturated layer from 63.5 to 67 ft.

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600
St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 3 of 3

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING STP-B-1

900

895

903.9 SILT WITH CLAY (ML): tan; moist; possibly varved;


oxidation staining; occasional fine sand seams;
slightly cohesive. (Continued)
SILTY SAND (SM): medium to coarse grained; tan,
899.4 orange, and brown; moist to wet; very dense; little
65
small gravel; trace clay.
897.4 4 inch silt with clay seam at 63 feet; oxidized.
SILTY GRAVEL (GM): tan; moist to wet; very dense;
with clay and sand; oxidized and cemented;
[weathered shale?].
70
893.4 SHALE; gray; bedded in layers.

City of St. Paul


Physical Properties

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

60.5

20

30

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

60

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

>> 110

80
83

WC
%

pcf

Qu

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

16.6

>> 82

65.0
67.0

>> 100/5.5"
>> 100/3"
>> 100/2"
>> 100/2"

71.0

Bottom of Boring at 71.0 feet

75

80

85

90
Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

71.0
6/25/14
6/25/14
KNA
AET
3 1/4" ID HSA
964.4
N 147,165.0 ft E 571,159.7 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

Remarks: Mud rotary started at 32 feet

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


Wet Cave-in Depth

23.0

At Time of Drilling
21.5
Saturated layer from 21.5 to 38 ft.
At Time of Drilling
63.5
Saturated layer from 63.5 to 67 ft.

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600

0
960
5
955
10
950
15

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)
Surface Elev.:

962.5 ft

Sample Type & Rec.

St. Paul, MN

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 1 of 2

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING STP-B-2

Physical Properties

0.5

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

WC

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

tsf

tsf

pcf

25.6

98.1

0.7

122.2

1.09

130.5

2.57

7.9

129.8

2.78

Gs RQD

80

4.0
17

12.7
9.3

9.0
10.3 15.2
>> 69
9

>> 63

70

95

8.2

25
>> 51
41

20
941.0
940.5 LEAN CLAY WITH SILT (CL): brown; moist to wet;
21.5
940
20
22.0
1/2 inch sand seams throughout.
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SP-SM): fine
937.5
16
to medium grained; tan; moist; medium dense; 1/2"
25
25.0
clay with silt seams throughout; some large gravel.
935.5
SILTY SAND (SM): fine to medium grained; reddish
27.0
935
brown; moist; medium dense; with clay; 10% small to
17
large gravel.
Wet
from
26
to
27
feet.
30
Continued Next Page
Completion Depth:
50.0
Remarks: Offset 50 feet southeast of landslide scarp
6/24/14
6/24/14
KNA
AET
3 1/4" ID HSA
962.5
N 147,248.1 ft E 570,934.1 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

Qp

SILTY SAND (SM): fine to medium grained; dark


reddish brown; moist; medium dense to very dense;
some small to large gravel and clay; slightly cohesive;
increasing sand and gravel content with depth.
6 inches of crushed rock from 11.5 to 12 feet.
2 inches of crushed rock at 13 feet.
Saturated sand seam from 14.5 to 14.8 feet.

Date Boring Started:


Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

Qu

Saturated sand seam from 16 to 16.5 feet.


2 inches of crushed rock at 17 feet.

945

WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

10

962.0 TOPSOIL (OL): dark brown; moist to wet; with silt,


organics, and root inclusions.
LEAN CLAY (CL): reddish brown; moist; soft to
958.5 medium stiff; trace fine sand; trace silt; organic
inclusions; cohesive; medium plasticity.
LEAN CLAY WITH SILT (CL): tan and gray; moist to
wet; very stiff; some large gravel; trace fine sand; root
inclusions; low plasticity; rapid dilatency.
953.5 2 inch silty sand seam at 6.5 feet.

City of St. Paul

Client:

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

38
1

9.9

92

22.7

11.4

WATER LEVELS (ft)


At Time of Drilling
15.5
Saturated layer from 15.5 to 17 feet

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Barr Engineering Company


4700 West 77th St. Suite 200
Minneapolis, MN 55435
Telephone: 952-832-2600

30
930
35
925
40
920
45
915
50

St. Paul, MN

23621151.00

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
(ASTM D2488)

Sample Type & Rec.

Location:

Graphic Log

Depth, feet

Barr Project Number:


Elevation, feet

Sheet 2 of 2

Lilydale Regional Park

Project:

M:\GINT\PROJECTS\23621151_LILYDALE PARK.GPJ BARRLIBRARY.GLB HORIZONTAL LOG REPORT BARR GEOTECH TEMPLATE.GDT

LOG OF BORING STP-B-2


City of St. Paul
Physical Properties
WATER
CONTENT
%

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST DATA

SIEVE
ANALYSIS
GRAVEL

PL

SAND

SILT

20

30

WC

CLAY

LL

N in blows/ft
10

931.5 LEAN CLAY (CL): brown and gray; moist to wet; very
930.5 stiff; with medium to coarse sand and small to large
gravel; very stiff; medium to high plasticity; oxidation
staining. (Continued)
SILT (ML): orange; moist to wet; with sand and
927.0 gravel; some clay; slightly cohesive.
SILTY SAND TO SILTY GRAVEL (SM): fine to
medium grained; tan to brown; moist; dense to very
dense; black-colored seams; oxidation staining.
POORLY GRADED SAND (SP): fine to coarse
grained; tan and brown; moist; medium dense to
dense; 20% small to large gravel; 10% silt; appears
920.0 laminated.
Orange stained sand from 40.5 to 41 feet due to
oxidation.
917.0 3 inch wet gray claystone/shale at 41 feet.
Wet from 42 to 42.5 feet.
SILTY SAND (SM): fine to coarse grained; brown;
moist to wet; dense to very dense; with clay and
gravel; black and orange staining.
912.5 2 inch wet gravel seam at 43.25 feet.
LEAN CLAY (CL): gray; moist; hard; 10% medium to
coarse sand; blocky; medium plasticity.
Bottom of Boring at 50.0 feet

Client:

FINES

40

20

40

60

20

40

60

pcf

Qp

tsf

tsf

Gs RQD

80
12.2 126.6

31.0
32.0

Qu

1.5

35
44

35.5

46

93

29

4.6
4.8

45
43

42.5

11.1
>> 71

33.1

11.8

45.5
>> 31/6"
>> 101

12.4 123.8

16.11

50.0

55

60
Completion Depth:
Date Boring Started:
Date Boring Completed:
Logged By:
Drilling Contractor:
Drilling Method:
Ground Surface Elevation:
Coordinates:
Datum:

50.0
6/24/14
6/24/14
KNA
AET
3 1/4" ID HSA
962.5
N 147,248.1 ft E 570,934.1 ft
NAD83 Survey Feet

Remarks: Offset 50 feet southeast of landslide scarp

SAMPLE TYPES
Split Spoon

3-inch
Shelby Tube

The stratification lines represent approximate boundaries. The transition may be gradual.

WATER LEVELS (ft)


At Time of Drilling
15.5
Saturated layer from 15.5 to 17 feet

LEGEND
MC Moisture Content
Dry Unit Weight
Friction Angle

Qu Unconfined Compression
Qp Hand Penetrometer UC
Gs Specific Gravity
RQD Rock Quality Designation

Attachment C
Laboratory Physical Test Results

Previous Laboratory Physical Test Results

Moisture Contents and Atterberg Limits

Laboratory Test Summary


Project:

Lilydale Slide

Client:

Northern Technologies, Inc.


Sample Information & Classification

Boring #
Sample #
Depth (ft)

71

80

Type or BPF

Bag

Bag

Material
Classification

Lean Clay
(CL)

Fat Clay
(CH)

Moisture Contents & Atterberg Limits


Moisture Content (%)

16.3

13.8

Liquid Limit (%)

43.0

52.4

Plastic Limit (%)

16.4

18.6

Plasticity Index (%)

26.6

33.8

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample #
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification

Moisture Contents & Atterberg Limits


Moisture Content (%)

Liquid Limit (%)


Plastic Limit (%)
Plasticity Index (%)

Job:

9014

Date: 7/31/2013

Grain Size

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To:

Northern Technologies, Inc.

Location / Boring No.

Sample No.

Sample
Depth (ft) Type

Side of Debris Pile

HA 1

4-5

7/10/13
7/10/13

Soil Classification

Bag

Silty Sand w/a little gravel (SM)

Bag

9014

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Lilydale Slide

Sand w/silt and gravel (SP-SM/SM)

Gravel
Coarse
2

100

Fine
1

3/4

3/8

Sand
Medium

Coarse
#4

#10

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.2

Grain Size (mm)

0.1

.05

.02

.005

0.01

.002

Other Tests

Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index

7.5

Water Content
Dry Density (pcf)
Specific Gravity
Porosity

Organic Content

pH

Shrinkage Limit

Penetrometer

Qu (psf)

5.8

Percent Passing

*
2"
1.5"
1"

982.0

Mass (g)

1039.9

100.0

3/4"

100.0

91.6

3/8"

98.5

87.2

#4

95.5

80.1

#10

78.8

69.6

#20

65.6

59.8

#40

50.6

44.7

#100

27.3

15.9

#200

20.0

11.6

D60
D30
D10
CU
CC

Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Direct Shears

Job No.:

9014

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/10/2013
7/29/2013

Direct Shear Test


ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale Slide / Northern Technologies, Inc.
Boring No.:HA 1
Sample No.
Depth: 4-5
Location:
Sample Type: Bag
Soil Type:
Sand with Silt and gravel, fine to medium grained (SP-SM/SM)

Shear Rate
0.003 (in/min)
Liquid Limit:

Plastic Limit:

Max Stress

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50
0.92

Change in Thickness (inch)

Initial

-0.005

2.68

Failure Criterion:

Specific Gravity (*):

Plasticity Index:
(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to given densities, using -#10 material in loose condition; Inundated after
applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant rate of 0.003 inches/minute.

-0.01

Thickness (In.)

0.92

0.92

Water Content (%)

5.7

5.7

5.7

Dry Density (pcf)

107.9

107.9

107.9

Before Shear

-0.015

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.89

Water Content (%)

20.2

19.6

18.8

Dry Density (pcf)

108.6

109.7

111.3

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

-0.02

-0.025

Shear Stress
0.34
0.71
1.31
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.03

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.035

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

32.7 deg.

Friction Angle:

Apparent

Apparent

0.037 TSF

Cohesion

1.4

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


=

0.2

32.7 deg.

0.036

TSF

Cohesion

1.2

1.75

1.5

1
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

0.8

0.6

1.25

0.75

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Direct Shear Test


ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale Slide / Northern Technologies, Inc.
Sample No.
Depth:
Slide Debris Pile
Location:
Sample Type: Bag
Silty Sand with a little gravel (SM)
Soil Type:

Job No.:

9014

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/10/2013
7/29/2013

Shear Rate
0.003 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to given densities, using -#10 material in loose condition; Inundated after
applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant rate of 0.003 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0

2.68

Failure Criterion:
Max Stress

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50
0.92

D
X

Initial

-0.005

Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

-0.01

Thickness (In.)

0.92

0.92

Water Content (%)

7.5

7.5

7.5

Dry Density (pcf)

108.3

108.3

108.3

Before Shear

-0.015

-0.02

-0.025

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.90

0.90

Water Content (%)

19.6

19.3

18.9

Dry Density (pcf)

109.8

110.3

111.0

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
1.46
0.40
0.74
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.03

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.035
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

At Given Shear Disp. Of:

= 35.2 deg.

Apparent

Friction Angle:
Apparent

0.046 TSF

Cohesion

1.6

0.2

35.1 deg.

0.046

TSF

Cohesion

2
1.4
1.75
1.2
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5
1

0.8

1.25

0.6

0.75

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Torsional Ring Shear Test

Torsional Ring Shear Test


ASTM D:6467-06a

Project: Lilydale Slide

Client: Northern Technologies, Inc.

Boring:

9014

Job #:
Date:

Sample:

7/29/2013

71

Depth:

Location:
Soil Type:

Lean Clay (CL)

Remarks:

Testing performed in general accordance with ASTM:D6467-06a. The testing chamber was modified to minimize sidewall friction.

The specimen was air dried and ground through a #200 sieve. The specimen was the rehydrated past the liquid limit and allowed to adjust for at least 10 days. The specimen was then placed into the testing
chamber with a spatula. The sample was incrementally consolidated to 7.7 tsf and then unloaded to the initial testing pressure and presheared a minimum of 1 full rotation. The testing chamber was then removed
from the apparatus and the wall height adjusted to specimen height minimizing sidewall friction. The testing chamber was then placed into the appatarus and sheared at the given rate until a constant load was
measured. The specimen was then loaded to the next normal pressure and sheared again. This was repeated for a 3rd pressure before completing the test.

Shear Rate:

0.0270

/min

Initial Ht:

0.197 in

Outer Dia.:

3.937 in

Inner Dia.:

2.756 in

Atterberg Limits

Consolidated Specimen Info

1.50 tsf
in
0.57 tsf
20.7

Normal
Height
Residual
Secant

2.25 tsf
in
0.83 tsf
20.3

3.00 tsf
in
1.10 tsf
20.1

tsf
in
tsf

PL:
PI:
Clay Fraction (%):
Organic Content (%):
Strength Envelope

Secant Angles

=19.4

c =0.04 TSF

Shear Stress TSF

Shear Stress TSF

0
0

Normal Stress

Normal Stress
Change in Thickness vs Angle of Rotation

Shear Stress vs Angle of Rotation

1.2

0.012

0.01

Change in Thickness (in)

0.8

Shear Stress tsf

43.0
16.4
26.6

LL:

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.008

0.006

0.004

0.002

-0.002
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Degrees Rotation

3.5

4.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

Degrees Rotation

3.5

4.5

Torsional Ring Shear Test


ASTM D:6467-06a

Project: Lilydale Slide

Client: Northern Technologies, Inc.

Boring:

9014

Job #:
Date:

Sample:

7/24/2013

80

Depth:

Location:
Soil Type:

Fat Clay (CH)

Remarks:

Testing performed in general accordance with ASTM:D6467-06a. The testing chamber was modified to minimize sidewall friction.

The specimen was air dried and ground through a #200 sieve. The specimen was the rehydrated past the liquid limit and allowed to adjust for at least 10 days. The specimen was then placed into the testing
chamber with a spatula. The sample was incrementally consolidated to 7.7 tsf and then unloaded to the initial testing pressure and presheared a minimum of 1 full rotation. The testing chamber was then removed
from the apparatus and the wall height adjusted to specimen height minimizing sidewall friction. The testing chamber was then placed into the appatarus and sheared at the given rate until a constant load was
measured. The specimen was then loaded to the next normal pressure and sheared again. This was repeated for a 3rd pressure before completing the test.

Shear Rate:

0.0270

/min

Initial Ht:

0.197 in

Outer Dia.:

3.937 in

Inner Dia.:

2.756 in

Atterberg Limits

Consolidated Specimen Info

1.50 tsf
in
0.46 tsf
17.3

Normal
Height
Residual
Secant

2.25 tsf
in
0.68 tsf
16.8

3.00 tsf
in
0.90 tsf
16.7

tsf
in
tsf

PL:
PI:
Clay Fraction (%):
Organic Content (%):
Strength Envelope

Secant Angles

=16.1
TSF
4

c =0.03

Shear Stress TSF

Shear Stress TSF

52.4
18.6
33.8

LL:

0
0

Normal Stress

Change in Thickness vs Angle of Rotation

Shear Stress vs Angle of Rotation

Normal Stress

0.01

0.9
0.008

Change in Thickness (in)

0.8

Shear Stress tsf

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

0.006

0.004

0.002

0.2
-0.002
0.1
0

-0.004
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Degrees Rotation

3.5

4.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

Degrees Rotation

3.5

4.5

Current Laboratory Physical Test Results

Table C-1
Lilydale Regional Park
Soil Testing Summary

Approx Moisture Dry


Calc.
Soil
Density
Bulk
Dens.
Content
Type (1)
(%)
(pcf)
(pcf)
Slide Pile
SM
7.5
108.3
116.4
HA-1
5
SM
5.7
107.9
114.1
SB-1
71
CL
16.3
CH
13.8
80
SB-2-14
3
CL
19.6
102.8
122.9
7
CL
5.2
11
CL
9.1
127.4
139.0
15
SC
6.3
19
SC
7.8
25
SM
7.2
29
SM
5.2
31
SM
7.9
35
SC
12.9
37
SC
11.7
42.5
CL
24.0
101.9
126.4
47
SP-SM
6.6
48
SP-SM
5.2
112.7
118.6
55
CL
16.7
61
SM
9.1
69
SM
14.4
75.5
Shale
13.7
119.0
135.3
78
Limestone
2.1
156.8
160.1
85.5
Shale
18.8
89.5
Shale
17.3
114.9
134.8
99.5
Shale
13.0
123.4
139.4
102.5
Shale
6.4
140.4
149.4
SB-3-14
3
CL
25.0
7
CL
9.2
126.6
138.2
9
SC
15.4
18.5
SC
7.7
126.4
136.1
23
SC
8.4
128.8
139.6
27
MLS
15.5
28
SP
5.2
111.3
117.1
35
SC
10.2
39
SC
11.1
120.4
133.8
44.5
MLS
19.7
45.5
SP
3.2
100.8
104.0
47
SC
10.7
125.6
139.0
52.5
SM
21.9
55
SM
12.2
118.3
132.7
56
SM
6.0
57
SP-SM
4.6
63
SM
3.3
71
SM
13.1
STP B-1
3
CL
22.2
5
SC
8.5
9
SC
13.7
104.7
119.0
11
SP
1.8
17
SP
1.3
101
102.3
21
CL-ML
20.4
25
SC
13.5
29
SC
9.9
130.2
143.1
33
SP
12.3
35
SC
37
SC
10.3
127.8
141.0
41
SC
12.1
127.3
142.7
51
SC
12.7
53
CL
26.7
55
CL
15.7
112.8
130.5
61
SM
16.6
STP B-2
5
CL-ML
25.6
98.1
123.2
7
SM
12.7
9
SM
9.3
122.2
133.6
11
SM
13
SC
8.2
17
SC/SM
8.0
130.5
140.9
19
SC/SM
7.9
129.8
140.1
23
SM
7.0
29
CL
11.4
31
CL-ML
12.2
126.6
142.0
37
SP
4.6
97.8
102.3
39
SM
4.8
44.5
CL
11.8
46
CL
49
CL
12.4
123.8
139.2
Number of Tests
72
32
32
Minimum Values
1.3
97.8
102.3
Maximum Values
26.7
156.8
160.1
Average Values
11.4
118.9
131.2
Standard Deviations
5.9
13.4
13.7

Sample Location
Depth
Boring No.
(ft)

Notes
(1)
(2)

Saturated
Atterberg Limits
Unconfined
Direct Shear
Grain Size Distribution
Liq. Limit
Plast. Limit Plast. Index Compressive Friction Angle Cohesion gravel sand silt clay fines Permeability
(cm/sec)
(% moisture content)
Strength (tsf)
(degrees)
(psf)
(%)
(%) (%) (%) (%)
35.1
92
4.5
75.5
20
32.7
74
19.9 68.5
11.6
43
16.4
26.6
52.4
18.6
33.8

33.2

33.0

19.9

10.8

57.2

32.0

0.1

84.5

15.4

21.1

46.4 23.5

3.9

83.9

12.2

39.9

37.6

22.5

9.0

60.0

31.0

7.6

53.9 26.3 12.2 38.5

10.2

82.3

7.7

60.8 26.7

94

9.0

32.5

13.1
28.5

512

4.9
210.6
54.0

21.8

32.2
8.4
6.2
21.5

24.3

12.9

11.4

2.2

33.7

22.4

10.5

136

28.7

106

31.3

184

11.9

7.5

4.8

31.5
1.60E-04

21.8

19.8

17.2

10.2

29.8

80

33.4

180

96.5

3.5

0.1

83.4

16.5

4.6

9.6
1.3

43.6

14.1

29.5
5.3

15.2

10.3

0.7

2.80E-07

1.1

2.00E-08

4.9
8.6

60.6 25.4

5.4

30.8

0.9

90.9

8.2

6.6

2.6
2.8
22.7

9.9

12.8
1.5

33.1

11.1

22.0

12
15.2
54.0
32.1
13.2

12
9.9
21.8
14.4
4.2

12
4.6
33.8
17.7
10.6

16.1
14
0.7
210.6
20.4
55.1

Approximate Soil Types - see boring logs for full description


Samples may have been partially collapsed during the sampling process and results may not indicate full collapsibility

30.00

110

4.4

89.0

10
28.5
35.1
31.6
2.3

10
74.0
512.0
156.8
130.6

16
0.0
39.9
9.3
10.3

16
4
4
16
37.6 23.5 4.8 3.5
96.5 26.7 12.2 38.5
70.7 25.5 7.9 20.0
17.4 1.4 3.4 11.3

3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Moisture Contents

Laboratory Test Summary


Project:
Client:

Lilydale Regional Park

Job:

9428

Barr Engineering Company

Date:

7/8/14

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

Sample

21

47

49

57

62

Depth (ft)

2-4

10-12

42-43

18-19.5

20-22

38-40

46-48

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Classification

Lean Clay with


sand
(CL)

Sandy Lean
Clay
(CL/SC)

Lean Clay
(CL)

Clayey Sand
with little
gravel
(SC)

Clayey Sand
with a trace of
gravel
(SC)

Clayey Sand
with a little
gravel
(SC)

Clayey Sand
with a trace of
gravel
(SC)

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

19.6

9.1

24.0

7.7

8.4

11.1

10.7

102.8

127.4

101.9

126.4

128.8

120.4

125.6

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Classification

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Classification

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

Water Content Test Summary (ASTM:D2216)


Project:

Lilydale Regional Park

Job:

9428

Client

Barr Engineering Company

Date:

7/8/2014

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

Depth (ft)

6-8

18-20

24-26

30-32

34-36

46-48

54-56

60-62

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Silty Sand
(SM)

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Silty Sand with


a trace of
gravel
(SM/SP-SM)

Sandy Lean
Clay with a
little gravel
(CL)

Silty Clayey
Sand with
gravel
(SC-SM)

7.9

12.9

6.6

16.7

9.1

Sample #

Material
Classification

Water Content (%)

Silty Sand
Clayey Sand Silty Sand with
(SM) with
with a trace of
a trace of
patches of
gravel
gravel
Lean Clay (CL) (SC/SC-SM)
(SM)
5.2

7.8

7.2

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

SB-2-14

SB-2-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

Sample #

37

38

40

43

53

60

66

70

Depth (ft)

68-70

85-86

2-4

8-10

26-28

44-45

52-53

55.5-56

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Silty Clayey
Sand
(SC-SM)

Fat Clay
(CH)

Lean Clay
(CL)

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Silt with sand


(ML)

Silt with sand


(ML)

Silty Sand
(SM)

Silty Sand with


gravel
(SM)

Water Content (%)

14.4

18.8

25.0

15.4

15.5

19.7

21.9

6.0

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

Sample #

74

78

Depth (ft)

62-64

70-72

Type or BPF

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Silty Sand
(SM)

Silty Sand
(SM)

Water Content (%)

3.3

13.1

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample #
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification
Water Content (%)

Laboratory Test Summary


Project:
Client:

Cherokee Heights

Job:

9444

Barr Engineering Company

Date:

7/15/14

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

Sample

K40

K46

28-30

40-42

SB

SB

Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Classification

Clayey Sand Clayey Sand


w/a little gravel w/a little gravel
(SC)
(SC)

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

9.9

12.1

130.2

127.3

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Classification

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Classification

Water Content, Dry Density


Water Content (%)
Dry Density (pcf)

Water Content Test Summary (ASTM:D2216)


Project:

Cherokee Heights

Client

Barr Engineering Company

Job:

9444

Date: 7/16/2014

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

Sample #

K27

K31

K34

K36

K38

K42

K53

K54

Depth (ft)

2-4

10-12

16-18

20-22

24-26

32-34

50-52

52-54

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Lean Clay
(CL)

Sand, fine
grained
(SP)

Sand, fine
grained (SP)

Silty Clayey
Sand
(SC-SM/SM)

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Sand
(SP)

Silty Sand
(SM)

Lean Clay with


sand
(CL)

Water Content (%)

22.2

1.8

1.3

20.4

13.5

12.3

12.7

26.7

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

STP-B-1

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

Sample #

K58

K4

K15

K20

K23a

Depth (ft)

60-62

6-8

28-30

38-40

44-45

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Silty Sand
(SM)

Sandy Lean
Clay
(CL)

Silty Sand
(SM)

Sandy Lean
Clay
(CL)

Water Content (%)

16.6

12.7

11.4

4.8

11.8

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Sample #
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification

Water Content (%)


Sample Information & Classification
Boring #
Sample #
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification
Water Content (%)

Grain Size

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To: Barr Engineering Company
Location / Boring No.

Sample No.

SB-2-14
SB-3-14

56

Sample
Depth (ft) Type

Fine

SB

Clayey Sand with gravel (SC)

34-36

SB

Clayey Sand with a little gravel (SC)

100

3/4

3/8

Sand
Medium

Coarse
#4

#10

6/26/14
7/8/14

Soil Classification

36-38

Gravel

Coarse

9428

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Lilydale Regional Park

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.2

Grain Size (mm)

0.1

.05

.02

Liquid Limit

Mass (g)

Plastic Limit

2"
1.5"

350.1

249.1

D60
D30

100.0

D10

89.4

CU

3/4"

82.5

100.0

3/8"

81.9

96.4

#4

78.9

92.4

Organic Content

#10

74.7

88.4

pH

#20

70.1

82.9

Shrinkage Limit

#40

61.7

73.2

Penetrometer

#100

40.9

49.4

Qu (psf)

#200

32.5

38.5

11.7

10.2

Dry Density (pcf)


Specific Gravity

2.67*

2.67*

Porosity

.002

1"

Water Content

.005

Percent Passing

Other Tests

Plasticity Index

0.01

CC
Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To:

Job No. :

9428

Test Date:

6/26/14

Report Date:

7/8/14

Lilydale Regional Park

Barr Engineering Company

Location / Boring No.

Spec 1

SB-2-14

Spec 2

SB-3-14

Sample No.

56

Sample
Depth (ft) Type

Soil Classification

36-38

SB

Clayey Sand with gravel (SC)

34-36

SB

Clayey Sand with a little gravel (SC)

Spec 3
Sieve Data
Sieve
2"
1.5"
1"
3/4"
3/8"
#4
#10
#20
#40
#100
#200

Specimen 1
% Passing
100.0
89.4
82.5
81.9
78.9
74.7
70.1
61.7
40.9
32.5

Specimen 1
Diameter (mm)
% Passing
0.031
24.9
0.020
20.7
0.012
17.3
0.009
14.9
0.006
12.5
0.003
9.9
0.001
8.6
Specimen 1

2401 West 66th Street

Specimen 2
Sieve
% Passing
2"
1.5"
1"
3/4"
100.0
3/8"
96.4
#4
92.4
#10
88.4
82.9
#20
73.2
#40
#100
49.4
#200
38.5
Hydrometer Data
Specimen 2
Diameter
% Passing
0.033
27.3
0.021
22.9
0.012
19.6
0.009
17.2
0.006
15.4
0.003
12.6
0.001
10.2
Remarks
Specimen 2

Sieve
2"
1.5"
1"
3/4"
3/8"
#4
#10
#20
#40
#100
#200

Specimen 3
% Passing

Specimen 3
Diameter
% Passing

Specimen 3

Richfield, MN 55423

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To: Barr Engineering Company
Location / Boring No.

Sample No.

Sample
Depth (ft) Type
14-16

Jar

Silty Sand with a little gravel (SM)

SB-2-14

28-30

Jar

Silty Sand (SM)

SB-2-14

46-48

Jar

Silty Sand with a trace of gravel (SM/SP-SM)

Gravel

Fine

100

3/4

Sand
Medium

Coarse

3/8

#4

#10

6/26/14
7/3/14

Soil Classification

SB-2-14

Coarse

9428

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Lilydale Regional Park

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.05

.02

Liquid Limit

Mass (g)

Plastic Limit

2"

5.2

249.9

275.5

356.6

.005

.002

6.6

1"

D60
D30
D10
CU

100.0

Dry Density (pcf)

3/4"

94.9

Specific Gravity

3/8"

91.7

100.0

98.9

#4

89.2

99.9

96.1

Organic Content

#10

84.7

97.5

93.7

pH

#20

79.0

92.3

85.7

Shrinkage Limit

#40

68.7

78.1

62.2

Penetrometer

#100

41.7

24.1

20.1

Qu (psf)

#200

32.0

15.4

12.2

Porosity

0.01

1.5"

Plasticity Index

6.3

0.1

Percent Passing

Other Tests

Water Content

.2

Grain Size (mm)

100.0

CC
Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To: Barr Engineering Company
Location / Boring No.

Sample No.

SB-2-14

Sample
Depth (ft) Type
60-62

SB

Silty Clayey Sand with gravel (SC-SM)

47

18-19.5

SB

Clayey Sand with a little gravel (SC)

SB-3-14

71

56-58

SB

Sand with silt and a little gravel, medium to fine grained (SP-SM)

Gravel

Fine

100

3/4

Sand
Medium

Coarse

3/8

#4

#10

6/26/14
7/8/14

Soil Classification

SB-3-14

Coarse

9428

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Lilydale Regional Park

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.2

Grain Size (mm)

.02

Liquid Limit

Mass (g)

Plastic Limit

2"
1.5"

Plasticity Index

263.9

291.1

341.9

.002

3/4"

80.4

100.0

Specific Gravity

3/8"

67.5

97.9

94.6

#4

60.1

91.0

89.8

Organic Content

#10

48.7

85.5

83.6

pH

#20

38.5

79.1

65.7

Shrinkage Limit

#40

31.4

68.0

36.3

Penetrometer

#100

25.1

41.3

11.0

Qu (psf)

#200

22.5

31.0

7.5

4.6

D60

D10

100.0

Dry Density (pcf)

Porosity

.005

D30

90.9

7.7

0.01

1"

9.1

.05

Percent Passing

Other Tests

Water Content

0.1

100.0

CU

95.8

CC
Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To: Barr Engineering Company
Location / Boring No.

Sample No.

Depth (ft)

Sample
Type

Soil Classification

STP-B-1

K28

4-6

SB

Clayey Sand with a little gravel (SC)

STP-B-1

K31

10-12

SB

Sand, fine grained (SP)

STP-B-1

K58

60-62

SB

Clayey Sand (SC)

Gravel

Coarse

Fine

100

3/4

3/8

Sand
Medium

Coarse
#4

#10

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

9444

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Cherokee Heights

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.2

Grain Size (mm)

0.1

.05

.02

D60

Liquid Limit

Mass (g)
2"

D30

1.5"

D10

1"

CU

Plasticity Index

1.8

16.6

232.2

137.1

174.2

CC

3/4"

100.0

3/8"

95.1

100.0

#4

92.3

99.9

Organic Content

#10

88.3

pH

#20

Shrinkage Limit

#40

Penetrometer
Qu (psf)

Dry Density (pcf)


Specific Gravity

2.67*

Porosity

.002

Plastic Limit

8.5

.005

Percent Passing

Other Tests

Water Content

0.01

100.0

96.2

83.2

100.0

81.2

72.3

90.5

48.2

#100

42.2

8.4

20.8

#200

31.5

3.5

16.5

Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422


Project:
Reported To: Barr Engineering Company
Sample
Depth (ft) Type

Sample No.

STP-B-2

K7

12-14

SB

Clayey Sand w/a little gravel (SC)

STP-B-2

K12

22-24

SB

Sand w/silt, fine grained (SP-SM)

STP-B-2

K19

36-38

SB

Sand w/silt and a trace of gravel, fine graine (SP-SM)

Gravel

Coarse

Fine

100

3/4

Sand
Medium

Coarse

3/8

#4

#10

7/2/14
7/8/14

Soil Classification

Location / Boring No.

9444

Job No. :
Test Date:
Report Date:

Cherokee Heights

#20

Hydrometer Analysis
Fines

Fine
#40

#100

#200

90

80

70

Percent Passing

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
100

50

20

10

.5

.2

Grain Size (mm)

0.1

.05

.02

*
D60

Liquid Limit

Mass (g)
2"

D30

1.5"

D10

1"

CU

Plasticity Index

7.0

4.6

265.5

196.6

286.6

3/4"

100.0

3/8"

96.2

100.0

97.0

#4

91.4

99.1

95.6

Organic Content

#10

86.9

98.0

92.2

pH

#20

80.4

94.4

88.4

Shrinkage Limit

#40

68.7

80.6

77.8

Penetrometer

#100

41.0

20.6

12.3

Qu (psf)

#200

30.8

8.2

6.6

Dry Density (pcf)


Specific Gravity

2.67*

Porosity

.002

Plastic Limit

8.2

.005

Percent Passing

Other Tests

Water Content

0.01

100.0

CC
Remarks:

(* = assumed)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

0.001

Atterberg Limits

Laboratory Test Summary


Project:

Lilydale Regional Park

Job:

9428

Client:

Barr Engineering Company

Date:

7/8/2014

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

SB-2-14

Sample #

SB-2-14

SB-3-14

SB-3-14

38

43

62

Depth (ft)

42-43

85-86

8-10

46-48

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Lean Clay
(CL)

Fat Clay
(CH)

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Clayey Sand
(SC)

Atterberg Limits
Liquid Limit (%)

33.0

54.0

24.3

22.4

Plastic Limit (%)

19.9

21.8

12.9

10.5

Plasticity Index (%)

13.1

32.2

11.4

11.9

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Location
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification

Atterberg Limits
Liquid Limit (%)
Plastic Limit (%)
Plasticity Index (%)

Laboratory Test Summary


Project:

Cherokee Heights

Job:

9444

Client:

Barr Engineering Company

Date:

7/8/2014

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-1

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

Sample #

K36

K43

K54

K6

K15

K23b

Depth (ft)

20-22

34-36

52-54

10-12

28-30

45.5-46

Type or BPF

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

SB

Material
Classification

Silty Clayey
Sand
(SC-SM/SM)

Silty Clayey
Sand
(SC-SM/SM)

Sandy Lean
Clay
(CL)

Lean Clay with


sand
(CL)

Clayey Sand
Lean Clay with
with a trace of
sand
gravel
(CL)
(SC)

Atterberg Limits
Liquid Limit (%)

21.8

19.8

43.6

15.2

22.7

33.1

Plastic Limit (%)

17.2

10.2

14.1

10.3

9.9

11.1

Plasticity Index (%)

4.6

9.6

29.5

4.9

12.8

22.0

Sample Information & Classification


Boring #
Location
Depth (ft)
Type or BPF
Material
Classification

Atterberg Limits
Liquid Limit (%)
Plastic Limit (%)
Plasticity Index (%)

Direct Shears

Direct Shear Test

Job No.:

9428

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: SB-2-14
Sample No.
Location:
Soil Type:
Silty Clayey Sand (SC-SM)

Depth: 20-22
Sample Type: SB

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0

2.68

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress

Initial

-0.005

Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

-0.01

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

7.2

7.2

7.2

Dry Density (pcf)

116.9

116.9

116.9

Before Shear

-0.015

-0.02

-0.025

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.87

0.85

Water Content (%)

15.5

13.9

12.7

Dry Density (pcf)

118.1

121.8

124.9

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
0.35
0.73
1.35
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.03

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.035
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 33.2 deg.

Apparent

Apparent

0.047 TSF

Cohesion

1.6

0.2

33.1 deg.

0.047

TSF

Cohesion

2
1.4
1.75
1.2
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5
1

0.8

1.25

0.6

0.75

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Direct Shear Test

Job No.:

9428

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: SB-2-14
Sample No.
Location:
Soil Type:
Sand (SP)

Depth: 28-30
Sample Type: SB

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.01

2.67

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress

D
X

Initial

0.005

Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

5.2

5.2

5.2

Dry Density (pcf)

111.3

111.3

111.4

Before Shear

-0.005

-0.01

-0.015

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.88

0.90

Water Content (%)

18.3

17.0

17.7

Dry Density (pcf)

112.0

114.7

113.1

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
1.40
0.39
0.76
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.02

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.025
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Apparent

0.068 TSF

Cohesion

1.6

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 33.7 deg.

0.008

Cohesion

0.15

33.3 deg.
TSF

2
1.4
1.75
1.2
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5
1

0.8

1.25

0.6

0.75

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Direct Shear Test

Job No.:

9428

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: SB-2-14
Sample No.
Location:
Soil Type:
Sand (SP/SP-SM)

Depth: 48-50
Sample Type: SB

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.008

2.67

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress

D
X

Initial

0.006

Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

0.004

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

5.2

5.2

5.2

Dry Density (pcf)

112.7

112.7

112.7

Before Shear

0.002

-0.002

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.90

0.88

Water Content (%)

17.2

17.1

16.2

Dry Density (pcf)

114.2

114.4

116.4

Normal Stress

1.00

2.00

4.00

Shear Stress
2.43
0.78
1.38
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.004

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.006
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Apparent

0.256 TSF

Cohesion

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 28.5 deg.

0.072

Cohesion

0.2

29.9 deg.
TSF

3.5

2.5

3
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5

2.5

1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.5

1.5

2.5

Normal Stress (TSF)

3.5

Direct Shear Test

Job No.:

9428

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: SB-3-14
Sample No. 61
Location:
Soil Type:
Sand (SP)

Depth: 45-46
Sample Type: SB

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.002

2.67

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress
0.001

Initial

-0.001

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

3.2

3.2

3.2

Dry Density (pcf)

100.8

100.8

100.8

0
Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

Before Shear

-0.002

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.89

0.90

Water Content (%)

23.7

23.3

23.6

Dry Density (pcf)

102.1

102.7

102.2

Normal Stress

1.00

2.00

4.00

-0.003
Shear Stress
0.61
1.13
2.25
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.004

-0.005

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.006
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Friction Angle:

Apparent

0.053 TSF

Cohesion

2.5

At Given Shear Disp. Of:

= 28.7 deg.

0.028

Cohesion

0.2

28.9 deg.
TSF

3.5
2

Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5

2.5

1.5

1
0.5
0.5

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.5

1.5

2.5

Normal Stress (TSF)

3.5

Direct Shear Test

Job No.:

9428

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Lilydale / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: SB-3-14
Sample No. 69
Location:
Soil Type:
Lean Clay with Sand (CL)

Depth: 54-55.5
Sample Type: SB

Shear Rate
0.001 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.001 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.005

2.68

Failure Criterion:
Max Stress

2.50

2.50

2.50

D
X

Initial

Diameter (In.)
Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

-0.005

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

12.2

12.2

12.2

Dry Density (pcf)

118.3

118.3

118.3

Before Shear

-0.01

-0.015

-0.02

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.88

0.86

Water Content (%)

14.6

13.7

12.5

Dry Density (pcf)

120.2

122.2

125.4

Normal Stress

1.00

2.00

4.00

Shear Stress
2.54
0.72
1.28
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.025

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.03
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Apparent

0.092 TSF

Cohesion

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 31.3 deg.

0.091

Cohesion

0.2

31.3 deg.
TSF

3.5

2.5

3
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5

2.5

1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.5

1.5

2.5

Normal Stress (TSF)

3.5

Direct Shear Test


ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Cherokee Heights / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: STP-B-1
Sample No. K-34
Depth: 16-18
Location:
Sample Type: SB
Soil Type:
Sand, fine grained (SP)

Job No.:

9444

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.006

2.67

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress

0.005

Initial

0.004
Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

0.003

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

1.3

1.3

1.3

Dry Density (pcf)

101.0

101.0

101.0

Before Shear
0.002
0.001
0

Thickness (In.)

0.89

0.89

0.89

Water Content (%)

23.2

23.0

23.0

Dry Density (pcf)

103.0

103.2

103.3

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
0.32
0.62
1.18
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.001
-0.002

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.003
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Friction Angle:
Apparent

0.040 TSF

Cohesion

1.4

At Given Shear Disp. Of:

= 29.8 deg.

0.035

Cohesion

0.15

29.8 deg.
TSF

2
1.2

1.75

1.5
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

0.8

0.6

1.25

0.75
0.4
0.5
0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Direct Shear Test


ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Cherokee Heights / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: STP-B-1
Sample No. K-40
Depth: 28-30
Location:
Sample Type: SB
Soil Type:
Clayey Sand with a little gravel (SC)

Job No.:

9444

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

Shear Rate
0.001 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to in-situ conditions at as received moisture content using -#10 material;
Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant rate of
0.001 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.006

2.68

Failure Criterion:
Max Stress

2.50

2.50

2.50

D
X

Initial

0.004

Change in Thickness (inch)

Specific Gravity (*):

Diameter (In.)

0.002

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

10.6

10.6

10.6

Dry Density (pcf)

129.0

129.0

129.0
0.87

Before Shear
0

-0.002

Thickness (In.)

0.89

0.88

Water Content (%)

10.1

9.3

8.7

Dry Density (pcf)

131.8

134.0

135.6

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
1.41
0.43
0.74
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.004

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.006
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Apparent

0.090 TSF

Cohesion

1.6

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 33.4 deg.

0.078

Cohesion

0.2

33.1 deg.
TSF

2
1.4
1.75
1.2
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

1.5
1

0.8

1.25

0.6

0.75

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Direct Shear Test


ASTM: D3080
Project/Client: Cherokee Heights / Barr Engineering Company
Boring No.: STP-B-2
Sample No. K-19
Depth: 36-38
Location:
Sample Type: SB
Soil Type:
Sand, Fine Grained (SP)

Job No.:

9444

Test Date:
Date Reported:

7/8/2014
7/20/2014

Shear Rate
0.005 (in/min)

Remarks:
Specimens compacted to a medium dense condition as received moisture content using -#10
material; Inundated after applying normal load. Consolidated and sheared to given displacements at constant
rate of 0.005 inches/minute.

Liquid Limit:
Plastic Limit:
Plasticity Index:

(*) = Assumed Specific Gravity


0.005

Specific Gravity (*):

2.67

Failure Criterion:
A

Diameter (In.)

2.50

2.50

2.50

Max Stress

D
X

Initial

Change in Thickness (inch)

-0.005

Thickness (In.)

0.91

0.91

0.91

Water Content (%)

4.6

4.6

4.6

Dry Density (pcf)

97.8

97.8

97.8

Before Shear

-0.01

Thickness (In.)

0.90

0.90

0.89

Water Content (%)

25.9

25.5

24.9

Dry Density (pcf)

98.6

99.1

100.0

Normal Stress

0.50

1.00

2.00

Shear Stress
1.21
0.33
0.66
"These tests are for informational purposes only and must be reviewed by a
qualified professional engineer to verify that the test parameters shown are
appropriate for any particular design."

-0.015

Peak Conditions
Friction Angle:

-0.02
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Apparent

Apparent

0.055 TSF

Cohesion

1.4

At Given Shear Disp. Of:


Friction Angle:

= 30.0 deg.

0.055

Cohesion

0.2

30.0 deg.
TSF

2
1.2

1.75

1.5
Shear Stress (TSF)

Shear Stress (TSF)

0.8

0.6

1.25

0.75
0.4
0.5
0.2

0.25

0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Shear Displacement (inch)

0.2

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

Normal Stress (TSF)

1.5

1.75

Unconfined Compressive Strength

Unconfined Stress/Strain Curves


Project:
Client:
Remarks:

ASTM: D2166

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Job:
Date:

2.5

Boring:
SB-3-14
Sample #: 42
Soil Type:

Depth:

9428
7/8/14

6-8

Clayey Sand w/a little gravel (SC)

Deviator Stress (tsf)

2
Strain Rate (in/min):
0.030
Sample Type:
SB
Dia. (in)
1.39
Ht. (in)
2.80
Height to Diameter Ratio:
2.0
1.5
Unconfined Comp. Strength:
Strain at Failure (%):
W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

9.2
126.6

2.22
5.0

tsf

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.5

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


1

Boring:
Sample #:

0.9

Soil Type:

0.8

Depth:

Strain Rate (in/min):


Sample Type:

Deviator Stress (tsf)

0.7
Dia. (in):
Ht. (in):
Height to Diameter Ratio:

0.6

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

0.5

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

0.4

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

tsf

Unconfined Stress/Strain Curves


Project:
Client:
Remarks:

Job:
Date:

1.4

Boring:
STP-B-1
Sample #: K44
Soil Type:

1.2

Depth:

9444
7/8/14

36-38

Clayey Sand w/some patches of Silty


Sand (SC)

Strain Rate (in/min):


0.030
Sample Type:
SB
Dia. (in)
1.45
Ht. (in)
3.02
Height to Diameter Ratio:
2.1

Deviator Stress (tsf)

ASTM: D2166

Cherokee Heights
Barr Engineering Company

0.8

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):
W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

0.6

10.3
127.8

1.32
5.3

tsf

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.4

0.2

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


Boring:
STP-B-1
Sample #: K55

Soil Type:

Depth:

54-56

Lean Clay w/sand and a trace of gravel


(CL)

Deviator Stress (tsf)

Strain Rate (in/min):


Sample Type:
Dia. (in):
1.42
Ht. (in):
Height to Diameter Ratio:

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

15.7
112.8

0
2

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 W 66th Street

3.09
2.2
5.33
17.8

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.030
SB

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

tsf

Unconfined Stress/Strain Curves


Project:
Client:
Remarks:

ASTM: D2166

Cherokee Heights
Barr Engineering Company

Job:
Date:

Boring:
STP-B-2
Sample #: K9a
Soil Type:

16.5-17

Silty Clayey Sand (SC-SM)

2.5

Deviator Stress (tsf)

Depth:

9444
7/8/14

Strain Rate (in/min):


0.030
Sample Type:
SB
Dia. (in)
1.52
Ht. (in)
2.85
Height to Diameter Ratio:
1.9

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

1.5

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

8.0
130.5

2.57
3.3

tsf

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.5

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


Boring:
STP-B-2
Sample #: K10

Depth:

18-20

Clayey Sand w/a little gravel


(SC/SC-SM)

Soil Type:
2.5

Deviator Stress (tsf)

Strain Rate (in/min):


Sample Type:
Dia. (in):
1.43
Ht. (in):
Height to Diameter Ratio:

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

1.5

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

7.9
129.8

0.5

0
2

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 W 66th Street

3.02
2.1
2.78
4.0

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.030
SB

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

tsf

Unconfined Stress/Strain Curves


Project:
Client:
Remarks:

Job:
Date:

18

Boring:
STP-B-2
Sample #: K25

16

Soil Type:

14

Deviator Stress (tsf)

ASTM: D2166

Cherokee Heights
Barr Engineering Company

Depth:

9444
7/8/14

48-50

Sandy Lean Clay (CL)

Strain Rate (in/min):


0.030
Sample Type:
SB
Dia. (in)
1.36
Ht. (in)
2.80
Height to Diameter Ratio:
2.1

12

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

10

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

12.4
123.8

16.11
10.7

tsf

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


1

Boring:
Sample #:

0.9

Soil Type:

0.8

Depth:

Strain Rate (in/min):


Sample Type:

Deviator Stress (tsf)

0.7
Dia. (in):
Ht. (in):
Height to Diameter Ratio:

0.6

Unconfined Comp. Strength:


Strain at Failure (%):

0.5

W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

0.4

Sketch of Specimen After


Failure

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 W 66th Street

Richfield, Minnesota 55423-2031

tsf

Triaxial U-U Stress/Strain Curves (ASTM:D2850)


Cherokee Heights
9444
Project:
Job:
Barr Engineering Company
7/16/14
Client:
Date:
Remarks: Specimens trimmed to given sizes; Allowed to adjust under applied confining pressures for about 10 minutes.
0.7

Boring:
Sample #:
Soil Type:

0.6

4-6

Depth:

Silty Clay w/roots (CL-ML)

Strain Rate (in/min):


0.045
Sample Type:
3T
Dia. (in)
1.93
Ht. (in)
4.01
Height to Diameter Ratio:
2.08

0.5

Deviator Stress tsf

STP-B-2

0.4

Max Deviator Stress:


0.65
tsf
Strain at Failure (%):
22.5
Confining Pressure:
0.5
tsf
W.C. (%): 25.6
Sketch of Specimen After
Failure
Yd (pcf): 98.1

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


Boring:
Sample #:

1.2

Soil Type:

STP-B-2

Depth:

8-9.5 (top)

Silty Sand (SM/SC-SM)

1
Strain Rate (in/min):
Sample Type:
Ht. (in):
Dia. (in):
2.82
Height to Diameter Ratio:

Deviator Stress tsf

0.8

0.6
W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

0.2

0
2

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 West 66th Street

5.87
2.08

1.09
tsf
Max Deviator Stress:
20.7
Strain at Failure (%):
0.5
tsf
Confining Pressure:
Sketch of Specimen After
9.3
Failure
122.2

0.4

0.060
3T

Richfield, MN 55423

Triaxial U-U Stress/Strain Curves (ASTM:D2850)


Cherokee Heights
9444
Project:
Job:
Barr Engineering Company
7/16/14
Client:
Date:
Remarks: Specimens trimmed to given sizes; Allowed to adjust under applied confining pressures for about 10 minutes.
1.6

Boring:
Sample #:
Soil Type:

1.4

Depth:

30-32

Clayey Sand w/a little gravel and a layer


of Silty Sand (SC)

Strain Rate (in/min):


0.060
Sample Type:
3T
Dia. (in)
2.89
Ht. (in)
5.74
Height to Diameter Ratio:
1.98

1.2

Deviator Stress tsf

STP-B-2

Max Deviator Stress:


1.50
tsf
Strain at Failure (%):
14.6
Confining Pressure:
tsf
W.C. (%): 12.2
Sketch of Specimen After
Failure
Yd (pcf): 126.6

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)


1

Boring:
Sample #:

0.9

Soil Type:

0.8

Depth:

Strain Rate (in/min):


Sample Type:

Deviator Stress tsf

0.7
Ht. (in):
Dia. (in):
Height to Diameter Ratio:

0.6

0.5
W.C. (%):
Yd (pcf):

0.4

tsf
Max Deviator Stress:
Strain at Failure (%):
tsf
Confining Pressure:
Sketch of Specimen After
Failure

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

Axial Strain (%)

2401 West 66th Street

Richfield, MN 55423

Rock Testing

Job:

Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock (ASTM:D7012) Method C

Date:

9428
07/08/14

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Project:
Client:

Sample Identification
Box 1
2

Boring:
Sample:

Location:

75.5

Depth:

Laboratory Analysis
Core

Visual Classification:

Specimen Dimensions
Ht (in):

3.65

Dia (in):

1.78
2.49

Area (in2):

Moisture Content %

13.7%

Wet Density (PCF)

135.3

Dry Density (PCF)

119.0
2.05 : 1

Ht to Dia. Ratio:

Peak Strength

4.9
Remarks::

Before Test

TSF

68

Specimen cut to given dimension without the use of water.

After Test

PSI

Job:

Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock (ASTM:D7012) Method C

Date:

9428
07/08/14

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Project:
Client:

Sample Identification
Box 1
1

Boring:
Sample:

Location:

78

Depth:

Laboratory Analysis
Core

Visual Classification:

Specimen Dimensions
Ht (in):

3.79

Dia (in):

1.78
2.48

Area (in2):

Moisture Content %

2.1%

Wet Density (PCF)

160.1

Dry Density (PCF)

156.8
2.13 : 1

Ht to Dia. Ratio:

Peak Strength

210.6
Remarks::

Before Test

TSF

2924

Specimen cut to given dimension without the use of water.

After Test

PSI

Job:

Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock (ASTM:D7012) Method C

Date:

9428
07/08/14

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Project:
Client:

Sample Identification
Box 2
1

Boring:
Sample:

Location:

89.5

Depth:

Laboratory Analysis
Core

Visual Classification:

Specimen Dimensions
Ht (in):

3.58

Dia (in):

1.77
2.47

Area (in2):

Moisture Content %

17.3%

Wet Density (PCF)

134.9

Dry Density (PCF)

114.9
2.02 : 1

Ht to Dia. Ratio:

Peak Strength

8.4
Remarks::

Before Test

TSF

117

Specimen cut to given dimension without the use of water.

After Test

PSI

Job:

Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock (ASTM:D7012) Method C

Date:

9428
07/08/14

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Project:
Client:

Sample Identification
Box 3
1

Boring:
Sample:

Location:

99.5

Depth:

Laboratory Analysis
Core

Visual Classification:

Specimen Dimensions
Ht (in):

3.64

Dia (in):

1.78
2.48

Area (in2):

Moisture Content %

13.0%

Wet Density (PCF)

139.4

Dry Density (PCF)

123.4
2.05 : 1

Ht to Dia. Ratio:

Peak Strength

6.2
Remarks::

Before Test

TSF

87

Specimen cut to given dimension without the use of water.

After Test

PSI

Job:

Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock (ASTM:D7012) Method C

Date:

9428
07/08/14

Lilydale Regional Park


Barr Engineering Company

Project:
Client:

Sample Identification
Box 4
1

Boring:
Sample:

Location:

102.5

Depth:

Laboratory Analysis
Core

Visual Classification:

Specimen Dimensions
Ht (in):

3.62

Dia (in):

1.79
2.51

Area (in2):

Moisture Content %

6.4%

Wet Density (PCF)

149.5

Dry Density (PCF)

140.4
2.03 : 1

Ht to Dia. Ratio:

Peak Strength

21.5
Remarks::

Before Test

TSF

299

Specimen cut to given dimension without the use of water.

After Test

PSI

Permeability

Hydraulic Conductivity Test Data ASTM D5084


Project:

Cherokee Heights

Reported To:
Boring No.:

Barr Engineering Company


STP-B-1

STP-B-2

STP-B-2

8-10

4-6

8-9.5

3T

3T

3T

Sand w/silt
(SP-SM)

Silty Clay
(CL-ML)

Silty Clayey Sand


w/a little gravel
(SC-SM)

Undisturbed

Undisturbed

Undisturbed

Ht. (in):

3.35

2.56

2.93

Dia. (in):

2.86

2.84

2.91

Dry Density (pcf):

104.7

92.8

121.2

Water Content:

13.7%

27.4%

9.7%

Test Type:

Falling

Falling

Falling

5.0

5.0

5.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Trial No.:

12-16

12-16

12-16

Water Temp C:

23.0

23.0

23.0

% Compaction
% Saturation
(After Test)

95.3%

95.1%

95.1%

Sample No.:
Depth (ft):

Location:
Sample Type:

Soil Type:
Atterberg Limits
LL
PL
PI

Before Test Conditions:

Permeability Test
Saturation %:
Porosity:

Max Head (ft):


Confining press.
(Effective-psi):

Coefficient of Permeability
K @ 20 C (cm/sec) 1.6 x 10
K @ 20 C (ft/min)
Notes:

3.2 x 10

-4
-4

2.8 x 10
5.5 x 10

-7
-7

2.0 x 10
3.9 x 10

-6
-6

Date:
Job No.:

7/16/2014
9444

Attachment D
Site Inspection Photographs

Attachment D
Site Inspection Photographs

Photo 1 West Clay Pit and area below Bruce Vento Overlook from the air (photo provided by the
City)

Photo 2

Scarp adjacent to storm sewer outlet in Cherokee Heights ravine (May 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 3

Cherokee Heights ravine slope failure (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 4

Scarp from historic slope failure, pre-2014 slide (taken from Brickyard Trail Low Falls
waterfall area during the May 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 5

2014 slope failure from above (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 6

2014 slope failure from below (July 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 7

Large slide, looking up through newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 8

Soil deposited at base of slide and newly eroded stream channel (July 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 9

Erosion of lower Brickyard Trail and plugged culvert resulting from the Northwest Slope
Failure (July 2014 site visit)

Photo 10 2013 slide area, from top of East Clay Pit Falls, as observed during the May 2014 site visit
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 11 2013 side area, from below, as observed during the July 2014 site visit

Photo 12 Silty sand soil over shale bedrock in West Clay Pit (May 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 13 Close-up of overhanging soil and root zone (West Clay Pit) (May 2014 site visit)

Photo 14 Middle Clay Pit wall (note fresh soil scarp in upper right corner) (July 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 15 Middle Clay Pit with snow/ice (from seepage) on face of shale (May 2014 site visit)

Photo 16 Weeping rock outcrop in Middle Clay Pit (July 2014 site visit)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 17 View of slope failure above Brickyard Trail (this is the source of soil on the trail) (May
2014 site visit)

Photo 18 Soil on Brickyard Trail (May 2014 site visit)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

Photo 19 View of slope failure above Brickyard Trail (this is the source of soil on the trail) (July
2014 site visit)

Photo 20 Soil on Brickyard Trail from slope failure shown in previous photo (July 2014 site visit)
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

10

Photo 21 Lower falls along Brickyard Trail (May 2014 site visit)

Photo 22 Slide below the Bruce Vento Spur of the Brickyard Trail (July 2014 site visit)
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

11

Photo 23 "Sinkhole" along Brickyard Trail Bluff Section (note sunken fence post) (July 2014 site
visit)

Photo 24 Soil overhang at Bruce Vento Overlook (May 2014 site visit)
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

12

Photo 25 Central fossil digging area (Fossil Site 1 on Figure 1-2)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix A - Geotechnical
Evaluation\Attachment D-Site Inspection Photographs.doc

13

Attachment E
Geotechnical Modeling Results

North End
Figure E-1
Figure E-2
Figure E-3
Figure E-4
Figure E-5
Figure E-6

North End Drained Friction Angle


North End Drained Friction Angle at Stability
North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction
North End Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High
Groundwater

Figure E-1 North End Drained Friction Angle


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

0.75

FS = 0.75

Silty Sand (no suction)

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (no suction)

950

925

925

900

900

875

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Elevation (ft)

1,000

Figure E-2 North End Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

1.00

FS = 1.00

Silty Sand (no suction)

1,000

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (no suction)

925

925

900

900

875

Elevation (ft)

950

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-3 North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions with Suction
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

1.40

FS = 1.40

Silty Sand (suction)

1,000

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (suction)

925

925

900

900

875

Elevation (ft)

950

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-4 North End Drained Friction Angle with Rainfal


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.1 Slope -5yr-24hr Rain Event (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

0.75

FS = 0.75

Silty Sand (no suction)

1,000

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (no suction)

925

925

900

900

875

Elevation (ft)

950

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\North End\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-5 North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.2 Slope - 5yr-24hr Rain Event with Suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

1.29

FS = 1.29

Silty Sand (suction)

1,000

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (suction)

925

925

900

900

875

Elevation (ft)

950

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\North End\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-6 North End Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High Groundwater
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
2.1 Slope - High Groundwater with Suction (2)
File Name: Lilydale_north end.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

1.00

FS = 1.00

Silty Sand (suction)

1,000

1,000

SB-2-14

975

975

Lean Clay
Clayey Sand (suction)

925

925

900

900

875

Elevation (ft)

950

875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_north end.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

600
400

Elevation (ft)

950

Waterfall Landslide Slope 1


Figure E-7
Figure E-8
Figure E-9
Figure E-10
Figure E-11

Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle


Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle at Stability
Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
Rainfall
Figure E-12 Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
High Groundwater

Figure E-7 Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions_slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 0.66

0.66

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975
950

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

Slope 1

925

925

Lean Clay

875

900
875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Elevation (ft)

975

Figure E-8 Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions_slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 1.00

1.00

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975
950

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

Slope 1

925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Elevation (ft)

975

Figure E-9 Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.2 Slope - Existing Conditions with Suction_slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

FS = 1.18

1.18

Clayey Sand (suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975
950

Silty Sand (suction)

950

Slope 1

925

925

Lean Clay

875

900
875

Poorly-Graded Sand

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Elevation (ft)

975

Figure E-10. Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.1 Slope -Rain Event_slope 1 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 0.59

0.59

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Waterfall landslide\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-11. Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.2 Slope -Rain Event with Suction_slope 1 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

FS = 0.78

0.78

Clayey Sand (suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Waterfall landslide\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-12 Waterfall Landslide Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High Groundwater
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
2.1 Slope - High Groundwater with Suction_slope 1 (3)
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

FS = 1.00

1.00

Clayey Sand (suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Waterfall Landslide Slope 2


Figure E-13
Figure E-14
Figure E-15
Figure E-16
Figure E-17

Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle


Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle at Stability
Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
Rainfall

Figure E-13 Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.3 Slope - Existing Conditions_slope 2
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 0.83

0.83

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-14 Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.3 Slope - Existing Conditions_slope 2
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 1.00

1.00

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-15 Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.4 Slope - Existing Conditions with Suction_slope 2
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/18/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

FS = 2.34

2.34

Clayey Sand (suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-16 Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.3 Slope - Rain Event_slope 2 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

FS = 0.83

0.83

Clayey Sand (no suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (no suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Waterfall landslide\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Figure E-17 Waterfall Landslide Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.4 Slope - Rain Event with Suction_slope 2 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 % Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

FS = 1.91

1.91

Clayey Sand (suction)


1,000

1,000

NTI-SB-1

Slope 2

975

Silty Sand (suction)

950

975
950

Slope 1
925

925

Lean Clay
Poorly-Graded Sand

Elevation (ft)

875

900
875

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

Shale

750

750

725

725

700

700

675

675

650

650

625

625

600
-800

-750

-700

-650

-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Waterfall landslide\Lilydale_waterfall landslide.gsz

-50

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

600
500

Elevation (ft)

900

Cherokee Heights Slope 1


Figure E-18
Figure E-19
Figure E-20
Figure E-21
Figure E-22

Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle at Stability
Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
Rainfall
Figure E-23 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
High Groundwater

Figure E-18 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions Slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 0.70
1,050

1,050

1,025

0.70

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-19 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions Slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.00
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.00

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-20 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.2 Slope - Existing Conditions Slope 1 with suction
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.53
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.53

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-21 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - 5yr 24 hr Rain Event Slope 1 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 0.70
1,050

1,050

1,025

0.70

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-22 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.2 Slope -5yr 24 hr Rain Event Slope 1 with suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.11
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.11

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-23 Cherokee Heights Slope 1 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High Groundwater
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
2.1 Slope - Slope 1 with High Groundwater
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/26/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.00
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.00

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding


Figure E-24 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle
Figure E-25 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle at
Stability
Figure E-26 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Suction
Figure E-27 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Rainfall
Figure E-28 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Suction with Rainfall

Figure E-24 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2.1 Slope - Ponding FS=1.5_ Slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 0.70
1,050

1,050

1,025

0.70

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-25 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle at Stability
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2.1 Slope - Ponding FS=1.5_ Slope 1
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.00
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.00

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-26 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.5.2 Slope - Ponding FS=1.5_Slope 1 with suction
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.03
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.03

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-27 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.1 Slope -5yr 24hr Rain Event & Ponding Slope 1 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 0.47
1,050

1,050

1,025

0.47

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-28 Cherokee Heights Slope 1, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.2 Slope -5yr 24hr Rain Event & Ponding Slope 1 with suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 0.52
1,050

1,050

1,025

0.52

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Cherokee Heights Slope 2


Figure E-29
Figure E-30
Figure E-31
Figure E-32

Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with
Rainfall

Figure E-29 Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.3 Slope - Existing Conditions Slope 2
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.34
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.34

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-30 Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.4 Slope - Existing Conditions Slope 2 with Suction
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.53
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.53

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-31 Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.3 Slope -5yr 24 hr Rain Event Slope 2 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.48
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.48

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-32 Cherokee Heights Slope 2 Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.4 Slope - 5yr 24 hr Rain Event Slope 2 with Suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 2.33
1,050

1,050

1,025

2.33

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding


Figure E-33 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle
Figure E-34 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Suction
Figure E-35 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Rainfall
Figure E-36 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with
Suction with Rainfall

Figure E-33 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle


Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.5.3 Slope - Ponding FS=1.5_Slope 2
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.34
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.34

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-34 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.5.4 Slope - Ponding FS=1.5_ Slope 2 with Suction
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 109 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 133 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 137 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 1.53
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.53

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-35 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.3 Slope -5yr 24hr Rain Event & Ponding Slope 2 (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0

FS = 1.48
1,050

1,050

1,025

1.48

1,025

Clayey Sand (no suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (no suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Figure E-36 Cherokee Heights Slope 2, Ponding Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Cherokee Heights
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.4 Slope -5yr 24hr Rain Event & Ponding Slope 2 with Suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 120 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0
Name: Silty Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Silty Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

FS = 2.01
1,050

1,050

1,025

2.01

1,025

Clayey Sand (suction)

Poorly-Graded Sand

1,000

1,000

STP-B-2
975

STP-B-1

Slope 2

975

Pond A

Lean Clay
950

Slope 1

Silty Sand (suction)

925
900

925
900

875

875

Shale

850

850

825

825

800

800

775

775

750
-600

-550

-500

-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Cherokee Heights\Lilydale_cherokee heights culvert.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

750
400

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

950

Middle Clay Pit


Figure E-37
Figure E-38
Figure E-39
Figure E-40
Figure E-41
Figure E-42

Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle


Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle at Stability
Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High
Groundwater

Figure E-37 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.1.1 Slope - Existing Conditions
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
FS = 0.68

0.68

1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900
875

900

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

875
850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-38 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.1.1 Slope - Existing Conditions
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014

FS = 1.00

1.00

1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900
875

900

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

875
850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-39 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.1.2 Slope - Existing Conditions with Suction
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 11/25/2014

FS = 1.22

1.22

1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900
875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900
875
850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

150

200

250

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 9,800 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-40 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2.1b Slope - Rain Event (SAT)
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015

FS = 0.68

0.68
1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

900

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Middle Clay Pit\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

50

100

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-41 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2.2b Slope - Rain Event with Suction (SAT)
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015

FS = 0.92

0.92
1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

150

200

250

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\Middle Clay Pit\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-42 Middle Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High Groundwater
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
2.1 Slope - High GW with Suction
File Name: middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz
Date Saved: 12/27/2014

FS = 1.00

1.00
1,000

1,000

SB-3-14
975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

150

200

250

Horizontal Distance (ft)

Name: Poorly-Graded Sand


Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\middle clay pit_trans_rain.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

West Clay Pit


Figure E-43
Figure E-44
Figure E-45
Figure E-46
Figure E-47
Figure E-48

West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle


West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle at Stability
West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction
West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High
Groundwater

Figure E-43 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.1 Slope - Existing Conditions
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014

FS = 0.58

0.58

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-44 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle at Stability


Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis 1.0.1 Slope - Existing
Conditions
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz Date Saved:
12/21/2014
FS = 1.00

1.00

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-45 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.0.2 Slope - Existing Conditions with Suction
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz
Date Saved: 12/21/2014
FS = 1.11

1.11

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

100

150

200

250

750
300

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

Figure E-46 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.1 Slope - Rain Event (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
FS = 0.58

0.58

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

900

Clayey Sand (no suction)

850

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

100

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (no suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\West Clay Pit\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

150

200

250

750
300

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

Figure E-47 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with Rainfall
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
1.2b.2 Slope - Rain Event with Suction (SAT)
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz
Date Saved: 1/19/2015
FS = 0.73

0.73

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

100

150

200

250

750
300

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\4 Geotech modeling and report\Modeling\West Clay Pit\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

Figure E-48 West Clay Pit Drained Friction Angle with Suction with High Groundwater
Lilydale Regional Park
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis
2.1 Slope - high GW with Suction
File Name: Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz
Date Saved: 12/27/2014

FS = 1.00

1.00

1,000

1,000

975

975

950

950

Lean Clay
925

Poorly-Graded Sand

900

875

Clayey Sand (suction)

850

900

875

850

825

825

Shale

800

800

775

775

750
-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

50

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

925

100

150

200

250

750
300

Horizontal Distance (ft)


Name: Poorly-Graded Sand
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 119 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 29 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 109 pcf
Name: Lean Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 143 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 30 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 133 pcf
Name: Shale
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 130 pcf Cohesion': 4,900 psf Phi': 0 Phi-B: 0 Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 120 pcf
Name: Clayey Sand (suction)
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 147 pcf Cohesion': 0 psf Phi': 33 Vol. WC. Function: Clayey Sand (suction)
Residual Water Content (% of Sat WC): 10 %

C:\Users\wwk\Desktop\Lillydale Park\Final Modeling\Lilydale_west clay pit_SC.gsz

Constant Unit Wt. Above Water Table: 137 pcf

Appendix D
Stormwater Modeling Methodology
Prepared for
City of St. Paul Department of Parks and Recreation
January 28, 2015

4700 West 77th Street


Minneapolis, MN 55435-4803
Phone: 952.832.2600
Fax:
952.832.2601

Appendix D
Stormwater Modeling Methodology
January 28, 2015

Contents
1.0

Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling Methodology ............................................................................................... 1

1.1

Hydrologic Modeling .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1

1.1.1.1

Watershed Area................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1.2

Land Use Data ................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1.3

Watershed Width and Slope ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1.4

Rainfall Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1.5

Infiltration Data ................................................................................................................................................ 2

1.1.1.6

Depression Storage Data ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.2

2.0

Watershed Data ......................................................................................................................................................... 1

Hydraulic Modeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2.1

Storm Sewer Network .............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.2.2

Storage Areas .............................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.2.3

Overland Flow Network .......................................................................................................................................... 4

References .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

List of Tables
Table D-1-1

Horton Infiltration Parameters ....................................................................................................................... 3

P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix D - Stormwater Modeling Methodology

1.0

Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling


Methodology

The U.S. EPAs Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), with a computerized graphical interface
provided by XP Software (XP-SWMM), was chosen as the computer modeling package for this study. XPSWMM uses rainfall and watershed characteristics to generate local runoff, which is routed simultaneously
through complicated pipe and overland flow networks. The model can account for detention in ponding
areas, backflow in pipes, surcharging of manholes, as well as tailwater conditions that may exist and affect
upstream storage or pipe flows. XP-SWMM Version 2014, was used to model the storm sewer, ponding,
channel flow and overland flow systems for the Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park and its tributary
watershed.

1.1

Hydrologic Modeling

Three major types of information are required by XP-SWMM for hydrologic modeling: (1) watershed
characteristics, (2) rainfall data, and (3) infiltration characteristics. This data is used by XP-SWMM to
generate inflow hydrographs at various points in the drainage network. The following sections describe
each of these data sets.

1.1.1

Watershed Data

The amount of runoff from a watershed depends on numerous factors, including the total watershed area,
the soil types within the watershed, the percent of impervious area, the runoff path through the
watershed, and the slope of the land within the watershed. ArcGIS (geographic information systems)
software was used extensively in assessing the above mentioned characteristics of each watershed within
the study area.

1.1.1.1

Watershed Area

The watershed delineation was performed using the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
(MNDNRs) 2011 LiDAR elevation data set covering Dakota County along with the storm sewer system
(manholes, catch basins, and pipes) layout and aerial imagery. A total of 55 subwatersheds were
delineated for this area - 34 subwatersheds in the Lilydale Regional Park area and 21 subwatersheds
contributing stormwater flow to the park via the upstream storm sewer system. The delineated
subwatersheds are shown in Large Figure 4-1 of the main report.

1.1.1.2

Land Use Data

Land use data was obtained to estimate both the percentage of directly and indirectly connected
imperviousness within each watershed. The directly-connected impervious fraction consists of the
impervious surfaces that are connected directly to stormwater conveyance systems, meaning that flows
do not cross over pervious areas. The indirectly connected impervious fraction represents impervious areas
with runoff that flows over pervious areas before reaching the stormwater conveyance system (rooftops, for
example). These fractions were calculated by first estimating the total impervious area for each
subwatershed using the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) 2011 impervious layer (Xian et al, 2013).
1
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Indirectly connected impervious areas were estimated using roof delineations for the Twin Cities
Metropolitan Area produced by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in 2008 using LiDAR elevation
data. Total roof area coverage located in portions of the watershed with a land use classification consistent
with having indirectly connected impervious surfaces (i.e. Park/Recreational/preserve, single family
attached, single family detached, and undeveloped) were calculated for each subwatershed. Other
impervious area types (roads, sidewalks, driveways and parking lots) were assumed to be directly
connected to the storm sewer system. Directly connected impervious areas were calculated by subtracting
the indirectly connected impervious areas from the total impervious area for each subwatershed. The
impervious factions were determined by dividing each impervious value by the total subwatershed area for
each of the subwatersheds in the model.

1.1.1.3

Watershed Width and Slope

The SWMM Runoff Non-linear Reservoir Method was used as the hydrograph generation technique for
this project. This method computes outflow as the product of velocity, depth and a watershed width
factor. The watershed width in XP-SWMM is defined as the subwatershed area divided by the flow path
length. This factor is a key parameter in determining the shape of the hydrograph for each subwatershed
and is often used as a calibration parameter, when calibration data is available. The main flow path length
was calculated in ArcGIS and was used in conjunction with the subwatershed area to calculate the width
parameter.
The average slope (ft/ft) for each subwatershed was calculated in ArcGIS (standard ArcGIS Spatial Analyst
raster tools) using the MNDNR 2011 LiDAR elevation data set.

1.1.1.4

Rainfall Data

The XP-SWMM model was run for the 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 50-year, and 100-year recurrence,
24-hour precipitation events using the Atlas 14 precipitation frequency estimates. Point-based
precipitation frequency estimates for the centroid of the study area were obtained from NOAAs National
Weather Service Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS) located at
http://dipper.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/.
Nested 24-hour rainfall distributions were created for each modeled storm event. Each rainfall
distribution was a storm hyetograph derived from the precipitation frequency estimates. A nested
hyetograph was built, which is a hypothetical precipitation distribution where the precipitation depths for
various durations within the storm have identical exceedance probabilities. This distribution maximizes
the rainfall intensities by incorporating selected short duration intensities within those needed for longer
durations at the same probability level. As a result, the various storm durations are nested within a
single hypothetical distribution.

1.1.1.5

Infiltration Data

Soils
Soils data for the area was obtained through 2014 Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database for the state
of Minnesota (USDA, 2014) which was imported into ArcGIS. The database included the soil names and
2
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix D - Stormwater Modeling Methodology

the hydrologic soil group (HSG) designation for most of the soil types. The hydrologic soil group
designation classifies soils into groups (A, B, C, and D) based on the infiltration capacity of the soil (well
drained, sandy soils are classified as A soils; poorly drained, clayey soils are classified as D soils). When
a HSG designation was not included in the soils database, the soil description was used to estimate the
HSG. If a soil description was unavailable, the most dominant soil group in the vicinity was assumed.

Horton Infiltration
Infiltration was simulated in the XP-SWMM model using the Horton Infiltration equation. This equation is
used to represent the exponential decay of infiltration capacity of the soil that occurs during heavy storm
events. The soil infiltration capacity is a function of the following variables: F c (minimum or ultimate value
of infiltration capacity), Fo (maximum or initial value of infiltration capacity), k (decay coefficient), and time.
The actual values of Fc, Fo, and k are dependent upon soil, vegetation, and initial moisture conditions prior
to a rainfall event. Because it was not feasible to obtain this detailed information for each subwatershed
through field samples, it was necessary to make assumptions based on the various soil types throughout
the study area. Table 1 summarizes the Horton infiltration values used for each HSG to calculate
composite infiltration parameters for each subwatershed. The values shown in the table are based on
suggested values in the Storm Water Management Model, Version 4: Users Manual (U.S. EPA, 1988).
Composite Fc and Fo values were calculated for each subwatershed based on the fraction of each soil type
within the subwatershed. Global databases containing the infiltration parameters for each subwatershed
were developed and imported into the XP-SWMM models.
Table D-1-1

Horton Infiltration Parameters

Hydrologic Soil
Group

Fo (in/hr)

Fc (in/hr)

k (1/sec)

0.38

0.0008

0.23

0.0008

0.1

0.0008

0.03

0.0008

1.1.1.6

Depression Storage Data

Depression storage represents the volume (in inches) that must be filled with rainfall prior to the
occurrence of runoff in XP-SWMM. It characterizes the loss or "initial abstraction" caused by such
phenomena as surface ponding, surface wetting, interception and evaporation. Separate depression
storage input values are required in XP-SWMM for pervious and impervious areas.
The depression storage assumptions used for the models were based on the values used in the XPSWMM model developed for the Nine Mile Creek Watershed District Bloomington Use Attainability
Analysis (Barr Engineering, 2001). For this reference model, the depression storage was estimated by
plotting total precipitation for several measured rainfall events at a Bloomington continuous-recording-

3
P:\Mpls\23 MN\62\23621151 Lilydale Reg Park SW Mgmt & Sl\WorkFiles\8 Report\Appendix D - Stormwater Modeling Methodology

precipitation gage versus runoff from several Bloomington monitoring sites. A regression analysis of the
data yielded a y-intercept that was assumed to be the depression storage (in inches). Based on this
analysis, the assumed impervious depression storage was 0.06 inches and the pervious depression storage
was 0.17 inches. These values are in line with the range of values recommended in literature.

1.2

Hydraulic Modeling

1.2.1

Storm Sewer Network

Data detailing the storm sewer network for the area was provided by the cities of St Paul, Mendota
Heights, West St. Paul and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MN/DOT). The storm sewer
data was provided in a GIS format, with the database file containing invert elevations, pipe sizes, pipe
lengths, and manhole rim elevations. Where storm sewer information was missing in the GIS data set, asbuilt drawings containing the storm sewer information were provided by the cities. A Mannings
roughness value of 0.013 was applied to each storm sewer pipe.
There are three culverts under Cherokee Heights Boulevard that serve as the three main stormwater
discharge points into the Brickyard Area of Lilydale Regional Park. The location of the storm sewer pipes
and the three culverts under Cherokee Heights Boulevard are shown in Large Figure 4-1 of the main
report.

1.2.2

Storage Areas

Three storage areas were included in the model: one located at the upstream end of the 18-inch culvert
Freemont Avenue culvert under Cherokee Heights/TH13, one just upstream of the 60-inch culvert under
Cherokee Heights Boulevard, and a depression area located to the south of Simard Street and north of
Miriam Street. Storage curves describing the elevation/area relationship were developed in GIS for each
of these storage areas using the 2011 MNDNR LiDAR elevation data set.

1.2.3

Overland Flow Network

Since there is no known storm sewer pipe system actively conveying water within the Brickyard Area of
Lilydale Regional Park, runoff from the Brickyard Area downstream of Cherokee Heights Boulevard
generally flows overland following the slope of the land. Runoff from the three main stormwater
discharge points (described above) flows into overland channels through the Brickyard Area. The
overland channels were modeled as natural channel cross-sections. Channel lengths, upstream and
downstream channel elevations, and channel shape were determined using the 2011 MNDNR LiDAR
elevation data set. A Mannings roughness value of 0.05 was applied to each of the natural channel crosssections.
A street overland flow channel network was also added to the upstream portion of the study area served
by storm sewer. All street sections are represented in the XP-SWMM model using a trapezoidal channel
with a 30-foot bottom width, 1:1 side slopes, and a Mannings roughness value of 0.014. Street elevations
were determined using the 2011 MNDNR LiDAR elevation data set. All surface runoff that is surcharged
or exceeds the capacity from the Freemont Avenue and Cherokee Heights storm sewer systems is routed

4
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through overland flow street channels into the Cherokee Heights basin, through the 60-inch culvert under
Cherokee Heights, and into the Cherokee Heights ravine (modeled using a natural channel cross-section).

5
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2.0

References

Barr Engineering, 2001. Nine Mile Creek Watershed District Bloomington Use Attainability Analysis
NOAAs National Weather Service Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS) located at
http://dipper.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/
USDA, 2014. Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) Database Users Guide. Natural Resources
Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. April 2014.
U.S. EPA, 1988. Storm Water Management Model, Version 4: Users Manual
Xian, G., Homer, C., Dewitz, J., Fry, J., Hossain, N., and Wickham, J., 2011. The change of impervious surface
area between 2001 and 2006 in the conterminous United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, Vol. 77(8): 758-762.

6
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