Project 1

Project 1
by Dr. Hafizal

RUS106/7: DESIGN STUDIO SEMESTER 2, 2014/2015

School of Housing, Building & Planning, USM

PROJECT 1 BRIEF
l Multidisciplinary Design l Architecture l Interior Designl Urban Planning l HBP Universiti Sains Malaysia l

Prof. Dr. Ahmad Sanusi Hassan (coordinator), Dr. Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa, Dr. Nooriati Taib, Mr. Jestin
Nordin, Mr. Roslan Talib, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurwati Badarulzaman, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Puad Mat
Som, Dr. Suraiyati Rahman, Dr. Norazmawati Md Sani @ Abd Rahim, Dr. Nor Zarifah Maliki & Dr. Nor
Fadzila Aziz

PROJECT 1: BUS STAND AND RETAIL KIOSK

INTRODUCTION
This project is to design a bus stand and retail kiosk located surrounding Universiti Sains Malaysia
Campus. A bus stand can be considered as one of the simplest form of shelter and therefore the simplest
form of architecture. Thus, it is surprisingly rich for design innovation, from a humble product of a seat with
a pole and a sign; it evolves with understanding short span post & beam concrete structures with
integration of complex building envelopes like the minimalist glass and steel modernism, and the organic
concrete shell structures. A bus stand is designated place that serves passengers to aboard or alight from
a bus. The bus stops are normally located along major roads and are distinct from off-road facilities such
as the bus station. The construction or the size of a bus stand may vary and tend to reflect the level of
usage. Stops at busy location may include shelters, sitting and interactive media such as electronic
passenger information systems and kiosk. On the other hand, less busy stops may include a simple pole
and flag to mark the location and have no specific infrastructure being known by their description. In fact,
bus stands are sometimes clustered together into a transport hubs allowing interchange between routes
from nearby stops and with other public transport modes.
For operational purposes there are three main kinds of stops:
i)

Scheduled stops, at which the bus should stop irrespective of demand

ii)

Request stops (or flag stop) where the vehicle will only stop upon request

iii)

Hail and ride stops where a vehicle will stop anywhere along the designated section of road on
request.

Certain stands may be restricted to "set-down only" or "pick-up only". Some stops may be designated as
"timing points", and if the vehicle is ahead of schedule it will wait there to ensure correct synchronization
with the timetable. In dense urban areas where bus volumes are high, skip-stops are sometimes used to
increase efficiency and reduce delays at bus stops. Fare stages may also be defined by the location of
certain stops in distance or zone-based fare collection systems.[1]

Figure 1 shows factors to be considered in providing a good bus stop environment

There are few things that need to be considered before you can start designing a bus stand.
i)

Knowing your users

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In designing transport facilities, you need to understand the user which is the service provider and the
passengers.

Figure 2 shows different types of busses used by Rapid Penang and different types of passengers aboard
and alight busses

ii)

Types of platform

iii)

Traffic flow

In certain areas, the area of road next the bus stand may be specially marked, and protected in law. Often,
car drivers can be unaware of the legal implications of stopping or parking in a bus stand.[2]
In bus rapid transit systems, bus stands may be more elaborate than street bus stops, and can be termed
'stations' to reflect this difference. These may have enclosed areas to allow off-bus fare collection for rapid
boarding, and be spaced further apart like tram stops. Bus stands on a bus rapid transit line may also
have a more complex construction allowing level boarding platforms, and doors separating the enclosure
from the bus until ready to board.
Bus stand vehicle capacity is often an important consideration in the planning of bus stands serving
multiple routes within urban centers. Limited capacity may mean buses queue up behind each other at the
bus stop, which can cause traffic blockages or delays. Bus stop capacity is typically measured in terms of
buses/hour that can reliably use the bus stop. The main factors that affect bus stop capacity are:

Number of loading areas (or number of buses that can stop at one time)
Average Dwell Time (How much time it takes a bus to load/unload passengers)
G/C ratio of nearby traffic signal (green time / cycle length)
Clearance Time (time it takes bus to re-enter the traffic stream)
iv)

Design consideration

The ideal bus stop layout will achieve the objectives shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 shows consideration of an ideal bus stop layout
The bus should stop parallel to, and as close to the kerb as possible to allow effective use of the bus
facilities. The critical dimensions (see Figure 4.1) to consider are the vertical gap, or step height, from the
kerb to the bus floor and the horizontal gap from the kerb edge to the side of the bus. A well designed bus
stop will provide features which co-ordinate with the facilities of the low floor bus and minimize these two
distances. The size of the vertical gap between the kerb and floor of the bus will affect the gradient of the
ramp when it is deployed (see Figure 4.2). If this gradient is too severe, some wheelchair users may be
unable to enter or exit safely from the bus. Regulations under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA)
require new buses to be capable of deploying a ramp, giving a 1:8 or 12 percent (7 degree gradient), onto a
kerb of at least 125mm in height. This regulation, therefore, assumes a 'standard' kerb height of 125mm,
which, although not the case universally, is the height that vehicle manufacturers are guided to apply in
bus design.

Figure 4 shows the dimension of a typical bus stand

Kiosk at a bus stand is a simple structure that compliment the need of bus passangers while waiting
to aboard busses. Kiosk is also known as a booth with open window on one side. This small shop
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normally selling inexpensive consumables such as newspapers, megazines, snacks, coffee and
confections. Apart from selling consumable products, kiosk at a bus stand can be designed as a structure
in providing services such as bus timetables, route maps, bus tour ticket counter, job vacancies and
tourists information centre.
These are few photos of bus stands and kiosks for your reference.

References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjOp0Mmh09s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICnQUUK8Jrs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z99zEbNvOw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WC1tFUBPMqk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk7CJZROTq8&list=PL60TZVZsdxKsMovfo9krhUnfzFOVLJcm&index=12
http://www.mpsns.gov.my/nsm_mpstheme/pdf/Garis%20Panduan/GPP%20Reka%20Bentuk%20Sejagat.pdf
http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/accessibile-bus-stop-design-guidance.pdf

CLIENT
Rapid Penang

OBJECTIVES
To expose the students with the challenges of designing a small, compact and efficient structure.
To enhance students ability in designing a creative product (object) with the understanding of human

physiology, ergonomic (including disables) and comfort factors based on technical knowledge.
To strengthen students understanding of the basic guidelines in the development of a bus stand

along heavy traffic in urban setting

Mastering manual drafting technique and to increase students skills in communicating the ideas

through a set of presentation drawings and conceptual scale model

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Example:

1. Student should propose one type of bus stands platform based on their design strategies in
improving the transportation system

2. Bus passenger shelter must allow sitting, standing at least 10 person and it should not be more
than 6.0m x 2.5m x 3.0m (length x width x height) dimension

3. The kiosk should allow at least one (1) person to operate the premise and it should not be more
than 3.0m x 2.5m x 3.0m (length x width x height) dimension

4. Students need to design their unique bus pole/flag which includes information of location,
time/clock , route maps and bus schedule

5. Presentation drawings should include: (A total of two (2) A1 catridge papers)

Conceptual sketches and explanation of design approach
Floor Plan; Front, Rear, Right & Left Side Elevations; Cross & Longitudinal Sections (in 1:50
scale)
a) Architecture students
- 2 detail drawings (structure)
- 2 perspectives
b) Interior Architecture students
- Material selections chart/table
- 3 Perspectives
c) Planning students
- 1 detail site plan
- A brief report on traffic flow/circulation (to be written on presentation board)
- 1 perspective
6. All the drawings and hand-written descriptions explaining the conceptual design, material used and
the other uniqueness of the bus stand should be composed in two A1 size catridge papers (in
landscape orientations)
7. The presentation drawings must be in technical black ink pen (line weights) with architectural pencil
and shadow rendering.
8. Each student also needs to produce a conceptual model of the bus stand + kiosk in 1:50 scale
-

PROGRAMME
PROJECTS & ACTIVITIES
WEEK

DATE

Monday (9am- 12pm) / Friday (9 - 11am)

COURSE SYNOPSIS & SCHEDULE DK E48B

by Prof Ahmad Sanusi Hassan & Studio Masters
PROJECT 1 Brief DK E48B
by Dr. Hafizal
-Organise Studio Space (drafting table & seating)
-Site Analysis & Precedent Study
Friday, 27.02.2015 Studio 1: Group Presentation DK E48B
Site Analysis & Precedent Study
Monday,
Studio 2: Crit 2 (Individual) Studio Block E08B
02.03.2015
Bubble Diagramme, Site Plan & GL Plan, Section &
Elevation
Friday, 06.03.2015 Studio 3: Crit 2 (Individual) Studio Block E08B
Site Plan & GL Plan, Section & Elevation &
Perspective
Monday,
Studio 4: Crit 2 (Individual) Studio Block E08B
09.03.2015
Final Preparation
Friday, 13.03.2015 SUBMISSION: Project 1 at 9.00am DK E48B
Project 1 Crit
Monday,
23.02.2015

Evening (2.00pm 5.00pm)

3.00 4.00pm Pin up Exhibition RUS104

P5 Integrated Project: USM Info Centre at
Drum HBP.
Rep. Lecturer: Dr. Nooriati & Dr. Fadzila
-Continue Site Analysis & Precedent Study

Esquisse (Architectural Graphic) DK E48B

Final Preparation

PRESENTATION MEDIUM (SUBMISSION)

1. Presentation drawings on 2 (TWO) cartridge papers size A1 containing: design concept, key plan,
location plan, site plan 1:100, ground floor plan 1:50, TWO sections 1:50, TWO Elevations 1:50, Foundation
to Roof Detail Drawing (appropriate scale) and Exterior Perspective Drawing
2. Manual Drawings technical black ink pen (line weights) with architectural pencil rendering

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SENARAI CHECK LIST LAPORAN KAJIAN BANGUNAN & ANALISIS TAPAK

NOTA PENTING:
I. Kajian & Analisis Tapak Projek
Tujuan: Melakukan analisis tapak
a. Dimensi & orientasi tapak
i. Peralatan: measuring tape, ranging poles & compass
b. Struktur binaan sedia ada dalam & sekeliling tapak
i. Peralatan: kamera, buku lakaran
c. Profail tanah, kondisi & jenis tanah, GL & aras air bawah tanah
i. Peralatan: kamera, plan hidrologi, scoop, bag plastik kecil, dll.
d. Perkhidmatan (services) di sekitar tapak (air, elektrik, perparitan, bomba)
i. Peralatan: kamera, buku lakaran
e. Suhu, kelembapan dan angin
i. Peralatan: jangka suhu, termograf, higrograf, anemometer dll.
f. Topografi & landskap (tumbuh-tumbuhan di atas & sekitar tapak)
i. Peralatan: kamera, beg plastik kecil
g. Kondisi kemudahan laluan trafik & pejalan kaki ke & dari tapak
i. Peralatan: kamera, buku lakaran, measuring tape
h. Kemudahan awam berhampiran (bas stop), kedai, pejabat pos, klinik dsb.
i. Peralatan: kamera, buku lakaran
i. Halangan di tapak & sekitar tapak (talian atas/bawah tanah), anjakan/simpanan
sungai, laluan awam dsb.
i. Peralatan: kamera, buku lakaran, garis panduan perancangan

II. Precedent Study

[1] Source: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/accessibile-bus-stop-design-guidance.pdf

[2] Source: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/accessibile-bus-stop-design-guidance.pdf

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