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(1 mark)
2. If a monosaccharide has 11 oxygen atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it contain? (1 mark)
There will be 22 hydrogen atoms
3. Based on their molecular formulas, which of the following are NOT simple carbohydrates? (1 mark)
a)
C3H803
c)
b)
C10H18O9
d)
C18H32O16
C4H8O2
e)
C16H32O2
f)
C6H12O6
6.
(1 mark)
b)
(1 mark)
c)
(1 mark)
d)
(1 mark)
e)
(1 mark)
7.
(2 marks)
11.
(1 mark)
Starch would not be considered a non-reducing because it does not have free aldehyde or ketone
groups that react with the blue cuprous ions in the Benedict solution. Starch is also a polysaccharide,
and polysaccharides tend to be non-reducing.
12.
(1 mark)
The functional group of carbohydrate is carbonyl group which can be divide into ketone and aldehyde.
Both ketone and aldehyde can reduce other substances. Benedict solution contain Cu2+. When
benedict solution reacts with reducing agents, it will be reduced to Cu+ where we can observe the
colour of the solution change from blue to brick red. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and other
Monosaccharides are reducing sugar because the functional group are available to reduce the Cu2+ in
benedict solution. However, in sucrose (form from one glucose and one fructose) both the functional
group are involve in making bond. Therefore no functional group available to reduce the Cu2+. In
starch the same process applies as theres no free functional group.
SECTION B (14 marks)
13.
Figure 1
a)
(1 mark)
b)
(2 marks)
c)
(1 mark)
d)
(2 marks)
e)
14.
(2 marks)
Enantiomer B
-D GLUCOSE
15. (a) Draw the Fischer projections for both D and L forms of mannose
Mannose D Form
Mannose L Form
-D mannose