ISBN 978-602-97444-3-9

Proceedings of The International Conference

on Materials Science and Technology

ICMST 2010

Materials
Science
&
Technology
Research and Development of Advanced Materials
for a Better Future

Editors
Evvy Kartini

B.V.R. Chowdari
Aziz Khan Jahja
S. Selvasekarapandian
Tutun Nugraha
Junichiro Mizusaki
Sudaryanto
S. J. Kennedy
Heri Jodi

ISBN 978-602-97444-3-9

Materials
Science
&
Technology
Research and Development of Advanced Materials
for a Better Future

@ Center for Technology of Nuclear Industry Materials

Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced
or transmitted, in any form or by means, without permission.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
First Published, 2011
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E-mail: tri3moksa@gmail.com

ISBN 978-602-97444-3-9

Published by PTBIN-BATAN & MRS-INA

Printed at Jakarta, Indonesia

This book is meant for educational and learning purpose. The author(s) of the book has/have
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ii

ISBN 978-602-97444-3-9

Materials
Science
&
Technology
Research and Development of Advanced Materials
for a Better Future
Serpong, Indonesia

19-23 October 2010

Editors
Evvy Kartini
BATAN, Indonesia

B.V.R. Chowdari
National University of Singapore, Singapore

Aziz Khan Jahja

BATAN, Indonesia

S. Selvasekarapandian
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

Tutun Nugraha
BATAN, Indonesia

Junichiro Mizusaki
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Sudaryanto
BATAN,Indonesia

S. J. Kennedy
ANSTO, Australia

Heri Jodi
BATAN, Indonesia

Katalog dalam Terbitan (KDT)

International Conference on Materials Science
and Technology (2010 : Jakarta)
Proceedings of the International Conference
on Materials Science and Technology (ICMST)
2010 : materials science & technology :
research and development of advanced
materials for a better future : Serpong,
Indonesia 19-23 Oktober 2010 / editor, Evvy
Kartini ... [et. al.]. -- Jakarta : BATAN,
2011.
xii + 372 hlm. ; 17,6 x 25,0 cm.

Termasuk bibliografi.
ISBN 978-602-97444-3-9
1. Ilmu bahan Kongres.
2. Teknik
Bahan Kongres.
I. Judul.
II. Evvy
Kartini.
620.110.6

iv

ORGANIZATION
Organizers
BATAN - Indonesian National Nuclear Energy Agency
Center for Technology of Nuclear Industry Materials
PUSPIPTEK - Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia 15314

MRS-INA, Materials Research Society of Indonesia

International Advisory Committee
Chaterina Pappas

Masatoshi Arai

TU Delft, Netherland

J-PARC, Japan

Robert Robinson

Junichi Kawamura

Bragg Institute, Australia

Tohoku University, Japan

John White
S. J. Kennedy

Masaru Aniya
Kumamoto University, Japan
Junichiro Mizusaki

ANSTO, Australia

Tohoku University, Japan

Australian National University

Takashi Sakuma

Katsuhiko Nakamae

Ibaraki University, Japan

Hyogo Science & Technology Association,

Japan

B.V.R. Chowdari
NUS, Singapore

Local Advisory Committee

Azwar Manaf
The University of Indonesia, Jakarta

Bondan Tiara Sofyan

Ismunandar

The University of Indonesia, Jakarta

Bandung Institute of Technology, ITB

Suminar Achmadi

Khairurrijal

Bogor Agriculture Institute, IPB

Bandung Institute of Technology, ITB

Irzaman

Khairul Basar

Bogor Agriculture Institute, IPB

Bandung Institute of Technology, ITB

Andrianto Handojo

Masbach

The Indonesian National Research Council

DRN Jakarta

The Indonesian National Research Council

DRN Jakarta

Darminto

Pratondo Busono

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

ITS, Surabaya

Agency for the Assessment of Application of

Technology BPPT, Jakarta

Sunit Hendrana

Eniya Listiani Dewi

The Indonesian Institute of Sciences

LIPI, Jakarta

Agency for the Assessment of Application of

Technology, BPPT, Jakarta

Bambang Prihandoko

Agus Hadi Santosa W.

The Indonesian Institute of Sciences

LIPI, Jakarta

Agency for the Assessment of Application of

Technology, BPPT, Jakarta
v

Organizing Committee
Chair

Evvy Kartini

Co-Chair
Aziz Khan Jahja
Sudaryanto

Secretary
Elman Panjaitan
Yualina Riastuti P.

Treasury
Evy Hertinvyana
Evi Yulianti

Finance
Sulistioso G.S.
Aloma Karokaro

Technical Committee
Scientific Program

Social Program

Tutun Nugraha
Arby Dimyati

Wisnu Ari Adi

Wahyudianingsih

Conference Program

Poster Program

Heri Jodi
Puji Untoro
Syahfandi Ahda
Mirah Yulaili

B. Bandriyana
Parikin
Supardi
Sumaryo
Publication

Workshop

Sudirman
Heri Jodi
Saryati
Mujamilah

Mardiyanto
Wagiyo
Muhammad Ihsan

Sponsored By
RISTEK
PT. HILAB Sciencetama - Indonesia
Materials Research Society of Singapore
PT. Vanadia Utama - Indonesia
Park Systems - Indonesia
ITS Indonesia

Supported By
IUMRS - International Union of Materials Research Societies
BPPT Agency for the Assessment of Application of Technology
ITS Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
DRN The Indonesian National Research Council
LIPI The Indonesian Institute of Sciences
ITB Bandung Institute of Technology

vi

PREFACE
Materials Science is an interdisciplinary branch of Science and Technology. It is a very wide
spectrum of science covering subjects such as soft matters, eg. polymers, gels, bio materials,
as well as hard matters, eg. semiconductors, superconductor, metallic material etc.. The
applications of materials science range from energy, environment, health, transportation,
military, as well as the multitude of manufacturing industries. This means that our daily life
is not separable from the use of advanced materials coming out from research in this field.
The International Conference on Materials Science and Technology (ICMST) 2010 was held
in Serpong, Indonesia, on 20-22th of October 2010. The event has provided not only regional
but also international forum to discuss the latest development, and to share knowledge in
interdisciplinary materials research along with its applications. Furthermore, the ICMST
2010, has also provided a platform for international collaborations among national and
international participants from more than 10 countries. It was a good opportunity for the
Indonesian scientists to promote their research in the international forum
The editors received about 101 articles that were distributed into several publications, namely
34 articles in Indonesian Journal of Materials Science, 8 articles in Atom Indonesia
Journal, and 49 articles in this proceeding book. We are pleased to inform all authors that
the editors decided to publish these articles into a book style, in the hope that it can optimize
its uses for learning the latest development in materials sciences and technologies. The book
is divided into four sections i.e. (i) invited papers, (ii) hard matter, (iii) soft matter, and (iv)
material energy & devices. There were five invited papers mainly on the research and
application of solid state ionics. All these articles have been presented by the invited
lecturers in the Asian Workshop on Solid State Ionics that was held one day prior to the
ICMST2010. The hard matter part was dedicated for contributed papers that cover magnetic
and metallic materials, composite, ceramic, catalyst converter and the application of various
neutron scattering methods. The soft matter section covers various topics from cellulosic
material, natural rubber, nano-sphere, and nano-emulsification for drug delivery system. The
4th part contains materials useful for energy and devices, starting from different storage
materials for fuel-cell, rechargeable batteries, sensors, ion transport modeling, and soft
phonon in copper selenide.
We are grateful to all the plenary and invited speakers and also to all the authors of papers for
participating in this conference. Our gratitude also goes to all the funding agencies and
sponsors for their generous support. Finally, we are also thankful to those who served in
International & Local Advisory Committee and Technical Committee for their efforts in
making the event a successful one.
24 February 2011

Editors

vii

Message from President of Asian Society of Solid State Ionics

It is my pleasure and honor to greet you on behalf of the Materials Research Society of
Singapore (MRS-S), Asian Society for Solid State Ionics (ASSSI) and the International
Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS). I am delighted that Dr. Evvy Kartini took
lead in organizing the Workshop on Solid State Ionics and The International Conference on
Materials Science and Technology (ICMST 2010). I am particularly pleased to learn that a
large number of overseas delegates are participating in this Workshop and upcoming
Conference.
Both Materials Science and Solid State Ionics are multidisciplinary in nature drawing
researchers from Chemistry, Physics, Chemical-, Electrical- and Mechanical- Engineering
disciplines. I hope all participants take advantage of this unique situation and interact among
themselves to contribute to the advances in this new field of research.
It is often difficult for members from Asia, particularly students, to travel to overseas for
participating in conferences of interest. In this context, efforts put in by ICMST 2010
organizers will go a long way in promoting scientific research within the country and also
establishing international networks. I congratulate the organizers for bringing such a high
quality speakers to the door steps of Indonesia and enabling large number of students and
non-specialists to participate and get benefited. I am particularly happy that part of MRS-S
sponsorship has gone towards supporting students participation. I sincerely hope that the
efforts put in by the organizers and the contacts developed through this will lead to
international collaborations and the organization of much larger conferences.
I wish you all a fruitful Workshop and look forward for the pleasure of meeting you at
ICMST 2010.

Professor B.V.R. Chowdari

National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
President of Asian Society of Solid State Ionics (ASSSI)
President of Materials Research Society, Singapore

viii

CONTENTS
Preface
Message from President of Asian Society of Solid State Ionics

vii
viii

PART I: INVITED PAPERS

1. Neutron Scattering Techniques For Solid State Ionics .......................................
Sergey A. Danilkin
2. Solid Crystalline Superionics: Two Decades Of Research At Batan .
A. K. Jahja, N. Effendi, S. Purnama, P. Purwanto, E. Kartini and A. Widowati
3. Synthesis And Characterization Of Cathode Materials For Rechargeable
Lithium Batteries
S.Selvasekarapandian, A.Sakunthala, M.V.Reddy, B.V.R.Chowdari,
P.Christopher Selvin
4. Possibility Of Fuel Cell And Hydrogen Technologys Developments In
Indonesia ..
Eniya Listiani Dewi
5. Development Of Superionic Conducting Glasses For Solid State
Rechargeable Battery
E. Kartini, Gunawan, H. Jodi

3
19
33

39
51

PART II: HARD MATTER

6. Ferritic Stainless Steel Synthesis From Mining Materials ..
61
A.K. Jahja
7. Magnetic Susceptibility And Magnetization Plateaus In Cd0.5Mn0.5Te DMS
Material
69
Sujito, L. Rohman, M. Rofiq
8. Negative Magnetoresistance Of Small Y-Doping La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 Perovskite
Manganese
75
Sujito, E. Supriyanto, L. Rohman
9. Casting And Cold Rolled Process Of Brass Sheet As A Radiator Material ......
79
Dwita Suastiyanti, Marlin Wijaya
10. Effect Of Titanium Ions Implantation On The Corrosion Resistance Of SS
304 In A NaCl Medium ... 85
Diah Astuti Indarwati, Priyo Tri Iswanto, Tjipto Sujitno
11. Neutron Diffraction Technique On The Structural Identification Of
ZrNbMoGe Alloy.....................................................................................................
91
Parikin, Andika Fajar, A.H. Ismoyo and B.Bandriyana
12. Construction Of Automation On Instrumentation & Control System For
Plasma Nitriding Machine .
99
Sugiyanto, Tjipto Sujitno, I Made Miasa, Slamet Santosa
13. A Comparison Of The Influences Of Nano-Scaled And Micro-Scaled Zinc
Oxide On The Performance Of Automotive Brake Pads 107
Tippawan Rassamee, Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch
14. Crystal Structure Analysis Of NdBa2Cu3O7- Superconductor .. 113
I Made Hardiyasa, Wayan Gede Suharta, Andika Fajar, Darminto
ix

15. The Influence Of Milling On The Quality Enhancement Of Iron Sand

Sutrisno, Arif Tjahjono
16. Neutron Stress Measurement Of Coarse Crystal Grain In Aluminum Casting
Alloy .
Masayuki Nishida, Takao Hanabusa, Tatsuya Matsue, Hiroshi Suzuki
17. Residual Stress Measurement Of High Molecular Matter By Transmission
X-Ray Diffraction
Masashi Kitamura, Masayuki Nishida, Takao Hanabusa
18. Determination Of Zn Composition Of -Brass Using Diffraction Method: A
Comparison With Vegards Law
Tri Hardi P, Mirza Wibisono
19. Derivation Of Longitudinal Optic Phonon-Induced Cyclotron Resonance
Half-Linewidth For Parabolic Quantum Wells Due To Isolation Projection
Technique .
Vo Thanh Lam, Tran Cong Phong
20. Electrophonon Resonance In Parabolic Quantum Wells
Tran Cong Phong, Vo Thanh Lam
21. Elemental Analysis Of Antimony Ternary Compound Semiconductor Grown
By MOVPE ..
Ari Handono Ramelan, Harjana, Pepen Arifin and Ewa Goldys
22. A Crack-Free YSZ/AL2O3 Composite Film Coating Onto The AISI-316L
Steel Substrate .
Kemas A. Zaini Thosin
23. Fe1-xNixO3 Catalyst For Converting CO2/H2 To Alcohol Compounds
Rudy Situmeang, R. Supryanto, Sukmawibowo, Fitri Julianti and Sarah Aliana
24. Fabrication And Characterization Of Nd-Fe-B Magnetic Alloy Prepared By
Arc Melting Furnace Method For Permanent Magnet ...
Erfan Handoko and Azwar Manaf
25. SuperHRPD And iMATERIA: Super High Resolution And Versatile High
Throughput Neutron Powder Diffractometer At J-PARC..
Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Shuki Torii, Masao Yonemura, Ryoko Tomiyasu,
Junrong Zhang, Miao Ping, Takashi Muroya, Setsuo Sato, Toru Ishigaki, and
Takashi Kamiyama

119
125
131
137

143
149
157
165
173
181
187

PART III: SOFT MATTER

26. Nano Technology Of Zeolite Mineral For Slow Release Nitrogen Of Urea
Fertilizer On Vertisols Paddy Soil .
M. Al-Jabri
27. Photopolymerization Of Cellulosic Palmitate And Methyl Metachrylate
(MMA) Under UV Irradiation And Their Mechanical Characterization .
Asep Riswoko, Primalia Swariputri
28. Free Carcinogenic And Allergenic Natural Rubber Foam For Dutch Wife
And Pillow
Marga Utama, Syamsul Aziz, Yusman
29. Development Of Polyethylene-CaCO3 Polymer Composite With Addition Of
Silane As Coupling Agent ...
Deswita, Indra Gunawan, Sudirman
x

205
211
215
221

30. The Effects Of Adding 1 M NaOH, KOH And HCl Solution To The
Framework Structure Of Natural Zeolite
Supandi Suminta, Supardi and Parikin
31. Development Of Biodegradable Micro And Nanosphere For Medical
Application ..
Sudaryanto, Evi Yulianti, Mujamilah, Wahyudianingsih, Ari Handayani and
Abdul Mutholib
32. Production Of Flexible Polyurethane Foam From Commercially Soybased
Precursor .
Flora E. Firdaus
33. The Influence Of Oils And Surfactants On The Formation Of SelfNanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (Snedds) Containing Therapeutic
Protein ..
Heni Rachmawati, Dita Herawati Rasaputri, Raphael Aswin Susilowidodo,
Sasanti Tarini Darijanto, Yeyet Cahyati Sumirtapura

229
235

241

247

PART IV: MATERIAL ENERGY AND DEVICES

34. Effect Of Graphite-Epoxy Composition To The Properties Of Composite
Bipolar Plate For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application .
Andi Suhandi, Bambang Prihandoko, and Bambang Soegiono
35. Production Of Semiconductor Materials Silicon From Silica Rice Husk
Waste As Alternative Silicon Sources ...
E. Rohaeti, Hikmawati, Irzaman
36. Modelling Of Porosity Influences On Charge Storage Stability In Polyimide
Thin Films
Mochamad Chalid
37. Controlling Car Movements With Fuzzy Inference System Using Aid Of
Various Electronic Sensors
Rizqi Baihaqi A., Agus Buono, Irzaman, Hasan Mayditia
38. Photodiode Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Thin Film As Light Sensor
Sucipto, I. Surur, I. Deni, R. Solihat, S. Bessie, I. Budiman, H. Syafutra, Irzaman,
T. Djatna, T. T. Irawadi, A. M. Fauzi
39. Integrated Visible Light Sensor Based On Thin Film Ferroelectric Material
Ba0,25Sr0,75TiO3 to Microcontroller AtMega8535 .
Heriyanto Syafutra, Irzaman, I Dewa Made Subrata
40. Fe, Ni, And B Doped On The Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube: Computational
Study .
Muflikhah, Setyo Purwanto
41. Electric And Pyroelectric Properties Of LiTaO3 And LiFe2TaO3 Films ...........
M.N.Indro, Irzaman , B. Sastri, L. Nady, H.Syafutra, Siswadi
42. Inclusion Of Polyvinyledene Fluoride Polymer As Binding Agent For
Graphite And LICoO2 Granules ...
T. Nugraha, E. Panjaitan, E. Kartini
43. Photoluminescence Properties Of ZnO Thin Films Doped By Rare Earths
(Er, Eu, Tm)
S. Iwan, S. Bambang, X.W. Sun, S.T. Tan
44. Vibration-Electronic Analysis Base On DFT Theory To Determine Surface
Functionalities Of Nitric Acid Treated Carbon ..
Nirwan Syarif, Widayanti Wibowo

255
265
273
281
287

291
297
303
309
315
319
xi

45. Finite Difference Method For Computational Modeling Of Amperometric

Biosensors
Pratondo Busono, Agus Kartono, Eka Sulistian and Ardian Arief
46. Effects Of Polarizability In Ion Transport: A Study Based On An Analytical
Expression Of The Velocity Autocorrelation Function ...
Takaki Indoh, Masahiro Fujiwara and Masaru Aniya
47. Soft Phonon Modes In Copper Selenide ...
Sergey A. Danilkin, Mohana Yethiraj and Gordon J. Kearley
48. Ag+ Ion Implantation On Glassy Electrolyte AgPO3 ..
W. Honggowiranto, E. Kartini, E. Panjaitan, T. Nugraha, M. Ihsan
49. Performance Characterization Of NiCd Battery By ARBIN BT2000
Analyzer In BATAN ...
H. Jodi, E. Kartini, T. Nugraha

xii

327
335
341
347
355

Author Index

363

Keywords

367

PART II

HARD MATTER

MATERIALS SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

Edited by Evvy Kartini et.al.

MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MAGNETIZATION PLATEAUS

IN Cd0.5Mn0.5Te DMS MATERIAL
Sujito, L. Rohman, M. Rofiq
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember
Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember 68121, Indonesia
e-mail: sujito.fmipa@unej.ac.id or sujito.unej@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the magnetic susceptibilities and magnetization plateaus in Cd0.5Mn0.5Te DMS
material are simulated in the spin exchange Heisenberg model using the Quantum Monte
Carlo (QMC) method. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities, (T)
were simulated with inter-chain coupling parameter constant J1 = 12 and J2 = 4 with = 0.2,
0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. In the mean time, magnetizations were simulated in the
constant inter-chain coupling parameter J1 = 12 and J2 = 4 with = 0.4 at temperatures of T=
0.50K, 0.25K, 0.10K and 0.05K in magnetic fields up to 60 T. The increase of the inter-chain
coupling parameter J1 resulted in the decrease and increase of the absolute values of (T) and
TN, respectively. The magnetization simulations result shows that no hysteresis was observed
on increasing and decreasing the external magnetic field. The magnetization saturates at
HS 55T. There are several transitions and plateaus obtained from the magnetization
simulation at temperature T < 0.25K with first phase transition detected at Hc1 1 T and
saturates at Hs 55 T. The origin of the plateaus is attributed not to the magnetic anisotropy,
but to the quantum effect.
Keywords: Cd0.5Mn0.5Te, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization plateau, Heisenberg model,
QMC, ALPS open source software.
INTRODUCTION
Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are compounds based on typical semiconductors,
like CdTe or ZnTe, for which a fraction of nonmagnetic cations has been replaced by
magnetic ions that are typically represented by transition metal ions like Mn, Fe or rare earth
metals. DMSs are expected to play an important role in interdisciplinary material science and
future electronics since they show typical semiconductor behavior and also reveal
pronounced magnetic properties [1]. Cd1-xMnxTe compounds are one of the typical
representative DMS. They can be considered as mixed crystal systems between two zincblended (ZB) phase materials CdTe and MnTe. They also have a unique combination of
semiconducting and magnetic properties. Cd1xMnxTe crystallizes in the ZB structure for
0 x 0.75 in which at random cation sites Cd2+ is replaced by Mn2+ atoms. The
Cd1xMnxTe compound has two magnetic diagram, these are Spin Glass (SG) system for
0.2 x < 0.6 and Anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) for 0.6 x 1 [2]. It has been experimentally
established that Cd1xMnxTe compound with ZB crystallographic structures reveal long range
anti-ferromagnetic ordering when the concentration of Mn is relatively high [3]. Detailed

Materials Science and Technology

investigations performed with the use of the neutron diffraction show that the antiferromagnetic phase of type III appears for concentrations as high as 0.8 [4]. Several
experimental and theoretical analysis have been done previously to explain the nature of
magnetization plateaus in the anti-ferromagnetic materials, .i.e. Cd1-xMnxGeP2 [5], Zn1xMnxTe [1], NH4CuCl3 [6-7] and SrCu2(BO3)2 [8].
The magnetization plateaus are of great interest, because the magnetization is
quantized at the plateaus. For a spin-1/2 anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with the nextnearest-neighbor interaction, a plateau can appear at (1/2)MS in an appropriate parameter
region [9]. In this case the next-nearest-neighbor interaction is essential for the existence of
the plateau. For a spin-1 anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, a plateau exists at (1/2) MS as
long as the exchange interaction alternates [9]. These plateaus generally appear at
temperature of 0.5K. This magnetization plateau is attributed to the quantum effect, i.e. the
quantization of magnetization [10].
In this paper, the study on the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization plateaus of
Cd0.5Mn0.5Te compound simulated in the spin exchange Heisenberg model using the
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method through Algorithms and Libraries for Physics
Simulation (ALPS) open source software is reported..
MODEL AND METHOD
The starting point is the well known Heisenberg interaction model consisting of spin nearestneighbor interactions Ji and next-nearest-neighbor Jj, the Hamiltonian of the system is given
by:
N
1

H J ij Si S j Si S j Siz S jz
(1)
2

(i , j )

where the summation is over all the magnetic ions in the lattice, Jij is the exchange integral
between spin situated at site i and j ion. Assume that Jij is non vanishing only for the nearest
neighbors and it is taken to be isotropic. When Jij is positive, the lowest energy states
corresponds to the situation where the spins of all the ions are parallel. This is the case of
ferromagnetism. But when Jij is negative the neighboring spins tend to be anti-parallel,
resulting in an anti-ferromagnetic substance. If the interest focuses on the magnetic properties,
it is the response of the system to the external magnetic field, B that is required. The
Hamiltonian including the external magnetic field, B can be written as:

H J ij S i S j S i S j S iz S jz g B B S iz
2

(i , j )
i

(2)

Based on the Hamiltonian spin exchange Heisenberg model above and 2-D cubic
lattice Cd0.5Mn0.5Te modeling as shown in Figure 1, simulations of magnetic susceptibility as
a function of temperature, (T) and magnetization, M(H) of the Cd0.5Mn0.5Te were carried
out using Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method through Algorithms and Libraries for
Physics Simulation (ALPS) open source software [11]. The constants added in the interchain coupling J1(1+) was introduced because of the Hamiltonian on equation (2) does not
obey the fully frustrated Cd0.5Mn0.5Te system. In this case, the expectation value of (T) was
calculated accurately and simulated using the coupling constants parameters J1 = 12 and J2 =
4 with = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, in the temperature range of 0-60K and the number of spin
system, N=48. In the mean time, the magnetization properties of the Cd0.5Mn0.5Te system was
simulated using the constants coupling parameters with = 0.4 at the temperatures of T =
70

Magnetic Susceptibility And Magnetization Plateaus

0.50K, 0.25K, 0.10K, and 0.05K in an external applied magnetic field range of 0 60 T. For
simplicity, to describe the coupling interactions that occur at every lattice points, an identity
marking at every atom lattice of the material could be used. In the ALPS programming, the
marking will be written in the form of a vertex. For cubic lattice Cd0.5Mn0.5Te system, atoms
Cd, Mn, and Te were defined as vertex type 1, vertex type 2 and vertex type 0. The simulation
was carried out using Portable Computer (PC) with processor Intel Pentium IV 3.0 GHz and
1 GHz of RAM.

Figure 1: Graphical representation of Cd0.5Mn0.5Te cubic lattice system in 2D.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 2 shows the magnetic susceptibilities as a function of temperature, (T) in
Cd0.5Mn0.5Te simulated for the constants coupling parameters J1=12 and J2=4 with various
inter-chain constants parameter, = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. Typically, the susceptibilities for
four different inter-chain constants parameters, exhibit the similar temperature variation. As
the temperature increases, the magnetic susceptibility of the sample increases until the
maximum value max has been attained at a certain temperature and then decreases with the
increase of temperature.

Figure 2: Susceptibility curves as a function of temperature, (T) in Cd0.5Mn0.5Te simulated at coupling

constants J1=12 and J2=4, with number of spin system N=48 and = 0.2, 0.3, 0., and 0.5.

The specific temperature where magnetic susceptibility values reach the maximum
value is believed to be transition temperature or the Neel temperature TN. As shown in Figure
2, these temperatures are increasing with the increasing parameter constants, that are added
71

Materials Science and Technology

on the inter-chain coupling, J1. This implies that increasing the constants, will be increasing
the inter-chain coupling parameter J1 so the exchange spin interactions in Cd0.5Mn0.5Te increase
and causing the absolute values of the four susceptibilities to decrease. This condition is in
line with the fact that the addition of inter-chain coupling constants would increase the
interaction coupling of the spin and reduce the influence of the external field on the
magnetization materials. The influence of the constants in the inter-chain coupling
parameter J1 on the Neel temperature, TN values are shown in the Figure 3.

Figure 3: Influence on the Neel temperature TN values of the addition of the constants d at the inter-chain
coupling parameter J1

Figure 4: Magnetization curves resulted from the simulation using the inter-chain coupling parameters J1=12
and J2=4 with =0.4 at different temperatures of (a) 0.50K; (b) 0.25K; (c) 0.10K; and (d) 0.05K.

From Figures 2 and 3, pairs of the maximum value of the susceptibility, max (emu/g)
and the Neel temperature, TN are obtained. These are, (62.2 0.9) x10-4emu/g and 13.6K,
(56.3 0.8) x10-4 emu/g and 14.6K, (52.1 0.7) x10-4emu/g and 15.7K, and (48.0 0.5) x10-4
72

Magnetic Susceptibility And Magnetization Plateaus

emu/g and 16.8K, for =0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. The values of the TN resulted
from this work are in good agreement with the experimental work reported previously [3].
The maximum cups on the magnetic susceptibility shown in Figure 2 are suggestive of a
normal Spin Glass (SG) system behavior.
Figure 4 shows the magnetization curves resulting from the simulation in the interchain coupling parameters J1=12 and J2=4 with =0.4 at the temperatures of 0.5K, 0.25K,
0.10K, and 0.05K for applied external magnetic fields up to 60T. Selection of the maximum
temperature, T=0.5K to simulate the magnetization behavior of Cd0.5Mn0.5Te was based on
the previous work that most of magnetization plateau appear at the temperature of T = 0.5K.
From the Figure 4, it can be obtained that the magnetization saturates at the external applied
magnetic field, Hs 55T. No hysteresis was observed on increasing and decreasing the
applied external magnetic field. With decreasing temperatures, the phase transitions become
more distinct. There are no differences between the absolute values of the saturation
magnetizations for the four-temperature condition used in the calculation. The magnetization
curves for T=0.5K and T=0.25K are monotonically increasing up to the saturation level.
However, the magnetization plateaus were obtained for the magnetization curves at T=0.1K
and T=0.05K. The magnetization plateaus were obtained at about one-twenty first of the
saturation magnetization, MS 21emu/g. Thus, it could be concluded that the plateau exists
only in the ordered phase.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, results of the magnetic susceptibility, (T) and high-field magnetization, M(H)
simulation of SG Cd0.5Mn0.5Te material in term of Heisenberg model using QMC method
through ALPS open source software are presented. It was obtained that the Neel temperature,
TN and the absolute value of the susceptibility, deducted from the susceptibility simulations,
are increase and decrease with increasing inter-chain spin coupling parameter, J1,
respectively. This implies that the inter-chain spin coupling parameter, J1 plays an important
role in the process. It is found that magnetization plateaus of the SG Cd0.5Mn0.5Te system
appear at temperature T 0.25K. The origin of the plateau is attributed not to the magnetic
anisotropy but to the quantum effect.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are grateful to Prof. M. Troyer at Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich,
Switzerland for fruitful discussion and valuable comments.
REFERENCES
[1]. Y.M. Yu, O. Byungsung, M.Y. Yoon, J.B. Kim, and Y. D. Choi, Thin Solid Films,
426 (2003) 265-270.
[2]. M. Hamedoun, R. Masrour, K. Bouslykhane, A. Hourmatallah, N. Benzakour, and A.
Benyoussef, M. J. Cond. Matt., 10, (2008) 30-34.
[3]. J. Gonzalez, C.H. Power, O. Contreras, E. Calderon, J.C. Chervin, E. Snoeck, J.M.
Broto, Magnetic Properties of Cd0.5Mn0.5Te Nanoparticle, Alfa Meeting Highfield,
Vienne, April 26th to 30 th, 2004.
[4]. R. Swirkowicz, J. Phys: Condens. Matter 9 (1997) 6901-6912.
[5]. R. Wiener, 2000. A numerical study of the formation of magnetisation plateaus
inquasi one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg models, (2000), arXiv:condmat/0001442v1.
73

Materials Science and Technology

[6]. K. Kodama, M. Takigawa, H. Tanaka, Structural Transitions and Magnetic Structure
in NH4CuCl3 via 14N-NMR, (2005). arXiv:cond-mat/0501451v2.
[7]. W. Shimamura, K. Takatsu, B. Kurniawan, H. Tanaka, H. Uekusa, Y. Ohashi, K.
Takizawa, H. Mitamura, and T. Goto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 67, (1998) 1548-1551
[8]. H. Kageyama, K. Yoshimura, R. Stern, N.V. Mushnikov, K. Onizuka, M. Kato, K.
Kosuge, C.P. Slicer, T. Goto, Y. Ueda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, (2000) 5876-5882.
[9]. K. Totsuka, Phys. Rev. B 57 (1998) 3454-3459.
[10]. K. Totsuka, Phys. Lett. A 228 (1997), 103-109.
[11]. A.F.Albuquerque, F. Alet, P. Corboz, P. Dayal, A. Feiguin, S. Fuchs, L. Gamper, E.
Gull, S. Gurtler, A. Honecker, R. Igarashi, M. Korner, A. Kozhevnikov, A. Lauchli,
S.R. Manmana, M. Matsumoto, I.P. McCulloch, F. Michel, Rlowski, L. Pollet, T.
Pruschke, U. Schollwock, S. Todo, S. Trebst, R.M. Noack, G. Pawlowski, M. Troyer,
P. Werner, J. Mag. & Mag. Mat., 310 (2007) 1187-1193.

74

MATERIALS SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

Edited by Evvy Kartini et.al.

NEGATIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE OF SMALL Y-DOPING

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 PEROVSKITE MANGANESE
Sujito, E. Supriyanto, L. Rohman
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember
Kampus Tegalboto, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37 Jember 68121, Indonesia
e-mail: sujito.fmipa@unej.ac.id or sujito.unej@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the results of studies on the magnetoresistance of bulk
La0.60AY0.07Ca0.33MnO3 polycrystalline prepared by a conventional stoichiometric solid state
reaction through calcinations and sintering process. Small peak intensity in the XRD
spectrum implies that the sample is a granular perovskite material. The peak of resistivity,
max~0.85 .cm was observed at the temperature transition of TC~150 K. Application of an
external magnetic field in the resistivity measurement of La0.60AY0.07Ca0.33MnO3 shows that
the values of max and TC decrease and increase, respectively. Application of an external
magnetic field H = 5.5 kOe shows the negative magneto-resistance (MR) values to be as high
as 115% of the negative magneto-resistance at TC.
Keywords : Magnetoresistance, Perovskite, Manganese
INTRODUCTION
Since the discovery of the high-temperature superconductor materials, there has been a
renewed interest in the mixed-valence perovskite 3d-transition-metal system with strong
correlation because of their wide potential for technological application. Among the
perovskite materials, manganese oxide system has attracted a great attention, and has been
stimulating a great deal of research interest worldwide, in both the understanding of the
fundamental theory as well as the experimental aspect. The interest arises mainly from the
material's large negative magneto-resistance (MR) effects observed near the ferromagnetic
(FM) ordering of Mn spins. The typical MR materials are derived from the parent material
perovskite LaMnO3, such as La1-xAxMnO3 (A = Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb) [1-5]. These materials also
have a potential prospect of applications including magnetic sensors, magnetic switches,
magneto-resistive read heads, and magneto-resistive random access memory
(MRAM).applications in various fields like magnetic recording, magnetic switches and
magnetic sensors. It was found that large negative magneto-resistive (MR) effects for La1xCaxMnO3 samples has been observed near the ferromagnetic ordering Mn spins [6]. In the
doping range of 0.2 < x < 0.5, these compounds are known to undergo a double phase
transition from paramagnetic-insulating to ferromagnetic-metallic state near the Currie
temperature, TC. Above x = 0.5, the susceptibility and specific heat measurements reveal an
extra anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) canted-like transition at temperature TAFM lying below TC. At
the same time, substitution on the La site was found to modify the phase diagram through
cation size effects leading toward either charge ordered (CO) or AFM instability. Upon
doping La3+ by divalent ions, both Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions are present and electron hopping

Materials Science and Technology

occurs via double-exchange (DE) mechanism [7]. The geometry of the Mn-O-Mn bond plays
a crucial role since the oxygen ion mediates the DE. Distortion of crystal structure of the
material leads to buckling of octahedral network. And it changes the inter-atomic distance
and bond angle hence influencing the electron hopping and DE interaction. This was reflected
that the lattice distortion favors the MR. The DE will be enhanced if the Mn-O distance
decreases. The decrement in the Mn-O distance could be achieved by substituting the La3+
ion with another smaller 3+ ions, such as Y3+ ion [8].
In this paper, some typical results for the temperature dependence of the resistivity
are presented. Measurement results on a manganese polycrystalline bulk
La0.60Y0.07Ca0.33MnO3 sample under an external magnetic field of H = 0.55 T for a wide
temperature range of 700K to 3000K are analyzed and discussed.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
A variety of methods to prepare manganese oxide perovskite has been utilized. Among these
methods of preparation, the conventional mechanical solid state reaction method has been
utilized in the preparation of the bulk polycrystalline sample of La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 [9]. A
mixture of stoichiometric amount of the oxides La2O3, Y2O3, CaCO3, and MnO3 powders
were prepared using the alumina crucible and mortar. The mixture was molded in a disk with
a diameter of ~ 2cm by pressing and then pre-sintered at 930 0C for 24 hours followed by a
natural cooling down to room temperature. The sample was then reground and repressed in a
disk with the same diameter as before and sintered at temperature of 11000C for 24 hours
followed by a natural cooling down to room temperature by shutting off the furnace. The
electrical resistivity was measured using a four-point probe technique. XRD intensity pattern
was obtained using Cu K radiation. The applied electric current was supplied to two of the
electrodes probe at a constant frequency of 1 kHz using a Stanford Lock-in Amplifier (SR
530). The differential voltage, V, was recorded across the other two electrodes. The sample
was mounted inside an Oxford Instruments Continuous Flow Cryostat that could be
evacuated using a diffusion and rotary pump to below 0.01 mTorr of pressure. The sample
chamber was then filled with inert helium gas to a pressure of about 2/3 of an atmosphere.
The electrical resistance of the sample was measured as a function of temperature and 0.55 T
applied external magnetic field. The external magnetic field was applied normally to the
electric current. The magnitude of MR is then defined as /0 = [H-0]/0. Where, 0 and
H are the resistivity of the sample at a given temperature with and without applied external
magnetic field H respectively.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 1 shows the XRD spectrum of the bulk polycrystalline La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 ceramic
that was synthesized in this study. The low peak intensity in the XRD spectrum show that the
sample is a granular perovskite material.
Figure 2 shows the temperature dependence of the resistivity of
La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 sample without and with an external applied magnetic field of H =
0.55T. This sample exhibits a sharp semi-conductive metallic transition at around TC ~ 1450K.
Typically, the resistivity increases until reaching the value of max ~ 0.85 cm with decrease
in the sample temperature to TC, at which temperature the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic
transition takes place. Below TC, the resistivity dropped sharply and remains constant
between temperature of 1000K and 770K. With applied external magnetic fields, the TC was
shifted to higher temperature, TC ~ 1500C and the maximum value of resistivity decreases,
max (H=5.5 kOe) ~ 0.70 cm. Meanwhile, at the room-temperature the resistivity of the
76

Negative Magnetoresistance Of Small Y-Doping

sample is relatively constant. In fact, application of an external magnetic field will introduce
the field-induced ferromagnetic ordering and hence reduces the resistivity throughout the.
temperature range (125 K to 165 K) covered in this experiment.

Figure 1: XRD spectrum pattern of bulk polycrystalline La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 sample.

Figure 2: Temperature dependence behavior of resistivity, (T,H) of La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 sample at H = 0

(top) and H = 5.5 kOe (bottom).

Figure 3: Temperature dependence behavior of MR (%) of La0,60Y0,07Ca0,33MnO3 sample at H = 0.55T.

77

Materials Science and Technology

The temperature dependence of the MR ratio of the sample is shown in Figure 3 for
applied magnetic fields H = 0.55T. The sample has a maximum MR ratio of ~115% at
temperature of ~147 K at the applied external magnetic field, H = 0.55 T. The precise reason
behind the dramatic improvement in MR is that doping the element Y on the La atom, would
affect a modification in the MR property, caused by a decrease in the lattice parameter which
in turn is induced by partial substitution of La (ionic radius of ~ 1.22 angstrom) with a
smaller Y (ionic radius of ~ 1.06 angstrom). This implies that the resultant lattice parameter
of the essentially lattice cubic perovskite material decreases each time monotonically with the
increasing amount of Y3+ substitution for La3+ion.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, large magneto resistance (MR) in excess of ~ 115 % at applied external
magnetic field, H=0.55T has been obtained in polycrystalline perovskite like material. The
small amount of Y doping on the La site of the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 resulted in an increase in the
MR ratio, which is tentatively attributed to the decrease in the lattice parameter with
accompanying changes in magnetic exchange interaction. The fact that such a large magneto
resistance can be achieved in the polycrystalline manganese material implies that an epitaxial
film growth may not be necessary for device applications of the magneto-resistive materials.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors greatly acknowledge the partial support provided by University of Jember for
providing chemicals used in this work. Thanks also to our students Reza and Heny for helping
sample preparation.

REFERENCES
[1]. K. Chahara, T. Ohno, M. Kasai, Y. Kosono, Appl. Phys. Lett., 63 (1993) 1990-1992
[2]. Z. B. Guo, Y. W. Du, J. S. Zhu, H. Huang, W. P. Ding and D. Feng: Phys. Rev. Lett.
78 (1997) 1142-1147
[3]. Sujito, Proceeding of 4th ITB-UKM Joint Seminar on Chemistry, ISBN 979-9299-16-0,
(2000) 636-640.
[4]. V. S. Amaral, J. P. Arajo, Yu. G. Pogorelov, J. B. Sousa, P. B. Tavares, J. M. Vieira:
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 242-245 (2002), 655-661.
[5]. C. H. Booth, F. Bridges, G. H. Kwei, J. M. Lawrence, A. L. Cornelius, J. J. Neumeier,
Phys. Rev. Vo. 57 No. 17 (1998) 10440-10452.
[6]. A.P. Ramirez, P. Schiffer , S-W. Cheong , W. Bao, T T M. Palstra, P.L. Gammel, D.J.
Bishop, B. Zegarski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 3188-3195.
[7]. P-G. De Gennes, Phys. Rev. 118 (1960) 141-156
[8]. A P Ramirez, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9 (1997) 81718199.
[9]. Sujito, J. Ilm. Dasar, Vol. 7 No. 1, (2006) 67-70.

78

AUTHOR INDEX

Al-Jabri, M.

205

Effendi, N.

Aliana, Sarah

173

Aniya, Masaru

335

Ardian, Arief

327

Fajar, Andika

Arifin, Pepen

157

Fauzi, A.M.

287

Aziz, Syamsul

215

Firdaus, Flora E.

241

Fujiwara, Masahiro

335

19

91, 113

B
Baihaqi A., Rizqi

281

Bambang, S.

315

Goldys, Ewa

Bandriyana, B.

91

Gunawan

Bessie, S.

287

Budiman, I.

287

Buono, Agus

281

Busono, Pratondo

327

Hanabusa, Takao

C
Chalid, Mochamad

273

Chowdari, B.V.R.

33

Covavisaruch,
Sirijutaratana

107

Gunawan, Indra

157
51
221

125, 131

Handayani, Ari

235

Handoko, Erfan

181

Hardi P., Tri

137

Hardiyasa, I Made

113

Harjana

157

Hikmawati

265

Honggowiranto, W.

347

D
Danilkin, Sergey A.

3, 341

Darijanto, Sasanti Tarini

247

Ihsan, M.

Darminto

113

Indarwati, Diah Astuti

Deni, I.

287

Indoh, Takaki

335

Deswita

221

Indro, M.N.

303

39

Irawadi, T.T.

287

Dewi, Eniya Listiani

Djatna, T.

287

Irzaman

347
85

265, 281,
287, 291, 303

Author Index
Ishigaki, Toru

187

Ismoyo, A.H.

91

Iswanto, Priyo Tri

85

Iwan, S.

315

Nugraha, T.

P
Panjaitan, E.
Parikin

J
Jahja, A. K.
Julianti, Fitri
Jodi, H.

Phong, Tran Cong

19, 61
173
51, 355

K
Kamiyama, Takashi
Kartini, E.

187
19, 51, 309,
347, 355

309, 347, 355

309, 347
91, 229
143, 149

Ping, Miao

187

Prihandoko, Bambang

255

Purnama, S.

19

Purwanto, P.

19

Purwanto, Setyo

297

Putra, Teguh Yulius S.P.

187

Kartono, Agus

327

Rachmawati, Heni

247

Kearley, Gordon J.

341

Ramelan, Ari Handono

157

Kitamura, Masashi

131

Rasaputri, Dita Herawati

247

Rassamee, Tippawan

107

L
Lam, Vo Thanh

Reddy, M.V.
143, 149

M
Manaf, Azwar

181

Matsue, Tatsuya

125

Mayditia, Hasan

281

Miasa, I Made

Riswoko, Asep

33
211

Rofiq, M.

69

Rohaeti, E.

265

Rohman, L.

69, 75

99

Sakunthala, A.

33

Muflikhah

297

Santosa, Slamet

99

Mujamilah

235

Sastri, B.

303

Muroya, Takashi

187

Sato, Setsuo

187

Mutholib, Abdul

235

Selvasekarapandian, S.

33

Selvin, P. Christopher

33

N
Nady, L.
Nishida, Masayuki

364

303
125, 131

Siswadi

303

Situmeang, Rudy

173

Soegiono, Bambang

255

Materials Science and Technology

Solihat, R.
Suastiyanti, Dwita

287
79

Subrata, I Dewa Made

291

Tan, S.T.

315

Sucipto

287

Thosin, Kemas A. Zaini

165

Sudaryanto

235

Tjahjono, Arif

119

Sudirman

221

Tomiyasu, Ryoko

187

Sugiyanto

99

Torii, Shuki

187

Suhandi, Andi

255

Suharta, Wayan Gede

113

Sujitno, Tjipto

85, 99

Sujito

69, 75

Sukmawibowo

173

Sulistian, Eka

327

Suminta, Supandi

229

Sumirtapura, Yeyet Cahyati

247

Sun, X.W.

315

Supardi

229

Supriyanto, E.

75

Supryanto, R.

173

Surur, I.

287

Susilowidodo, Raphael
Aswin

247

Sutrisno

U
Utama, Marga

215

W
Wahyudianingsih

235

Wibisono, Mirza

137

Wibowo, Widayanti

319

Widowati, A.

19

Wijaya, Marlin

79

Y
Yethiraj, Mohana

341

Yonemura, Masao

187

119

Yulianti, Evi

235

Suzuki, Hiroshi

125

Yusman

215

Swariputri, Primalia

211

Syafutra, H.

287, 303

Syafutra, Heriyanto

291

Syarif, Nirwan

319

Z
Zhang, Junrong

187

365

KEYWORDS
A

ceramic coatings

165

-brass

137

clinoptilolite

229

AgPO3

347

CO2/H2 Conversion

173

alcohol formation

173

coarse crystal grain

125

AlGaSb

157

coefficient of friction

107

ALPS open source software

69

cold rolled

79

aluminum casting alloy

125

colloidal suspension

165

Ammonia

205

computational study

297

amperometric biosensor

327

conductive bipolar plate

arc melting furnace

181

copper selenide

automation

99

B
band structure
BATAN

319
19

Battery Analyzer

355

biodegradable

235

biohydrogen production

39

biosensor modeling

327

bipolar plate

255

brake pad

107

brass sheet

79

Brnsted-Lowry acid

173

BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin)

247

BST (Ba0,25Sr0,75TiO3)

287, 291

C
CaCO3

221

casting

79

cationic conductors
Cd0.5Mn0.5Te

3
69

corrosion resistance

39
341
85

coupling agent

221

crystal structure

3, 91

crystallinity degree

131

CSD (chemical solution

deposition)

303

Cu-conductors
cyclotron resonance

3
143

D
decay

273

DFT (Density Functional

Theory)

319

diffusion

3, 335

disk chopper

187

doped-nanotube

297

doping Fe2O3

287

driver assistance system

281

Dutch Wife

215

charge

273

EDX , EDS (Energy Dispersive

X-ray Analysis)

265, 309,
347

cellulosic palmitate

211

electrical conductivity

255, 303

Keywords
electrode

309

ion implantation

electrophonon resonance

149

iron sand

119

isolation-projection technique

143

EPD (Electrophoresis
Deposition)

165

epoxy resin

255

F
fast ion conductor
ferritic stainless steel
fluorites

341
61
3

L
Lewis acid

173

LFT (LiFe2TaO3)

303

LiCoO2

309

light Intensity

291

light Sensor

foam characteristics

241

friction materials

107

FTIR (Fourier Transform

Infrared Spectroscopy)

221

magnetic separator

fuzzy car

281

fuzzy inference system

281

G
Gaussian Fitting Analysis

229

graphite

309

graphite composite

255

green band

315

H
Heisenberg model

69

high density polyethylene

131

high-resolution neutron
diffraction

113

hot press

255

hot rolled

79

hybrid systems

39

hygienist

215

I
iMATERIA
368

187

85, 347

287, 291

119

magnetic susceptibility

69

magnetization plateau

69

magnetoresistance

75

manganese

75

MAUD (software)

137

mechanical alloying

119

mechanical milling

119

methanol electrolyzer

39

microcontroller

291

microstrain

229

mining materials
MOVPE (Metal Organic Vapor
Phase Epitaxy)

61
157

N
nanocomposite

39

nanoemulsion

247

nanosphere

235

nanoporous

273

Nd-Fe-B

181

NdBa2Cu3O7- phase

113

neutron

125

Materials Science and Technology

neutron diffraction
neutron scattering

137

quantum kinetic equation

149

51, 341

NiCd

355

Nitric Acid

319

rare earths

31

rechargeable battery

51

P
paddy soils
parabolic quantum well

205
143, 149

residual stress

125

residual stress measurement

131

rice husk waste

265

performance characterization

355

Rietveld method

permanent magnets

181

rubber foam

perovskite
phonon dispersion
phonons

113, 229
215

75
341
3

photografting

211

SEM (Scanning Electron

Microscope)

photoluminescence

315

semiconductor

265

pillow

215

sensors

281

silane

221

silica

265

silicon

265

plasma nitriding
PLC (Programmable Logic
Controller)

99
99

265, 303,
347

polarizability

335

slow release

205

poly(lactic acid)

235

polyethylene

221

247

polymer composites

221

SNEDDS (Self NanoEmulsifying Drug Delivery

System)

polyol

241

polyurethane

241

porosity

273

precipitate

91

proton exchange membrane

39

Proton Exchange Membrane

Fuel Cell (PEMFC)

255

PVDF (Polyvinyledene fluoride)

309

pyroelectric

303

19

solid electrolyte

51

solidification

181

soy

241

SS 304 (Stainless Steel)

69

85

stability

273

storage

273

superHRPD

187

superionic

19

superionic glass

51

SWNT (Single Wall Nanotube)

Q
QMC (Quantum Monte Carlo)

solid crystalline

synthesis

297
61

369

Keywords

W
wear rate

T
thin film
transmission diffraction method

287, 291
131

U
USP (ultrasonic spray pyrolisis)

315

UV (ultraviolet)

315

UV irradiation

211

V
Vegards law

137

velocity autocorrelation function

335

vertisols

205

Vibration-Electronic Analysis

319

370

107

X
X-ray

131

X-ray photoelectron
spestroscopy

157

XRD (X-ray diffraction)

113, 229,
265, 347

Z
Z-Rietveld

187

zeolite

205

ZnO (zinc oxide)

107

ZnO thin films

315

ZrNbMoGe Alloy

91