Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Misery loves company: unhappy people often get satisfaction from having others share their
misery
A miss is as good as a mile: losing by a narrow margin is no different than losing by a wide
margin
Money does not grow on trees: money is not easily obtained
Necessity is the mother of invention: most inventions are created to solve a problem
No news is good news: if one does not hear the outcome of a situation, that outcome must be
positive
No pain, no gain: nothing can be accomplished without effort
Nothing hurts like the truth: it is painful to discover an unpleasant truth about oneself
Nothing ventured, nothing gained: you cant achieve anything if you dont try
Old habits die hard: it is very difficult to change an established pattern of behaviour
One good turn deserves another: a favor should be repaid with another favor
One mans gravy is another mans poison: what is pleasing to one person may not be
pleasing to another
One swallow does not a summer make: one piece of evidence is not enough to prove sth
The pen is mightier than the sword: the written word is more powerful than physical force
Possession is nine-tenths of the law: the person who possesses sth has the strongest claim to
owning it
Practice makes perfect: doing sth many times improves ones skill at it
The proof of the pudding is in the eating: the only way to judge sth is to try it
The road to hell paved with good intensions: good intentions dont always lead to good
actions
Rome wasnt built in a day: important things do not happen overnight
The spirit is willing, but the fresh is weak: a persons body is not always as strong as his or
her mind
The squeaking wheel gets the oil: those who complain the loudest get the most attention
Strike while the iron is hot: act at the best possible time
There is no honor among thieves: one dishonest person cannot trust another
Theres more than one way to skin a cat: there are many ways to achieve a goal
Theres no fool like an old fool: a foolish act seems even more foolish when performed by an
older person, who should have a lot of wisdom
Theres no place like home: a person is happiest with his or her family and friends
Too many chiefs, not enough Indians: too many people are giving orders, and not enough
people are following orders
Too many cooks spoil the broth: too many people trying to take care of sth can ruin it
Two heads are better than one: two people working together can solve a problem quicker and
better than a person working alone
Twos company, but theres a crowd: couples often enjoy their privacy and dislike having a
third person around
Variety is the spice of life: differences and changes make life enjoyable
The way to a mans heart is through his stomach: the way to gain a mans love is by
preparing food that he enjoys
when the cats away the mice will play: some people will misbehave when they are not being
watched
where theres smoke, theres fire: when there is evidence of a problem, there probably is a
problem
you can lead a horse to water, but you cant make him drink: you can propose a course of
action to someone, but you cant force that person to accept it
you cant have your cake and eat it too: you cant enjoy the advantages of two conflicting
activities at once
you cant teach an old dog new tricks: elderly people cant change their behavior or learn
anything new
you have to take the good with the bad: you must accept disappointment along with success
you reap what you sow: the amount of effort you put into sth determines how much you will
get out of it
youre never too old to learn: a person can learn at any age
as "students who have studied English previously but who have not had much chance to
actively use what they have learned" (Graves & Rein, 1988, p. viii), a definition that probably
includes 95 percent of the EFL student population in Japan. Talk about marketing strategy!
The publisher's claims that the text addresses a certain level are also largely unhelpful since
there is little or no consensus among textbook writers about what grammar points, what
functions, or how much practice of each fit which level (Brown, 1994). You are better off
looking at the actual material itself and making your own judgment.
Always begin by looking at the textbook from back to front. Beyond greetings and selfintroductions, which usually come up in the first few lessons, there is little agreement about
what is important to teach or when to teach it (Brown, 1994), so starting your inspection at
the back may help you to see how the textbook is unique. Moreover, some textbooks do not
maintain a consistent focus from beginning to end. The authors may have run out of ideas at
lesson 10 but have been asked by their publisher to create 15 lessons. If you can only use
two-thirds of a textbook, it will affect how much time you plan to spend on the lessons and on
creating materials to compensate for their inadequacies.
In addition, looking from the back prevents the "to the teacher" or "for the student"
messages from prejudicing your own assessment. It also assures that you will assess each
lesson critically, without having seen an introductory table, for instance, purporting to tell you
which grammar points and functions are taught in each lesson.
PART II. Looking at the lessons in the textbook
Now that you've ignored the covers and opened the book "Japanese-style," here are some
suggestions for looking at the lessons for maximum benefit. This overview of the process will
help you prepare to fill in the evaluation form.
a) Weigh what skills the lessons focus on. Some textbooks offer lots of reading practice, while
others stress one of the other skill areas. Few teachers spend all of the class time in
conversation activities. Reading, writing, and listening exercises can also contribute to a wellbalanced lesson. How much attention each textbook focuses on the respective skills varies
from book to book, so it is up to the teacher to decide what arrangement will best serve the
interests of the students.
b) Glance over the last three lessons. How many of the exercises would you want to replicate
if you were writing your own textbook? If they don't capture your attention, your students will
probably find them uninteresting as well.
c) Act out a couple of activities in your head. Are they useful? Do your students really need to
know how to gossip by saying, "Did you hear that Ron had cholera?" (Richards & Bycina,
1985, p. 84)? Are the pair-work activities really pair-work, or do they have the students doing
things like "pricing items" (Richards with Hull & Proctor, 1990, p. 78)?
Many exercises don t seem to achieve much. Richards, with Hull and Proctor (1991) ask
students to put such places as an American Express office, city hall, a concert hall, the IBM
building, the Immigration office, etc. under the headings "commercial buildings," "gov't office
buildings," and "arts and entertainment centers" (p. 78). While individual weaknesses such as
these may not detract too heavily from well-designed textbooks, teachers need to assess
how many of them there are how much teacher-time might be necessary to compensate for
them.
Other functions taught may be inappropriate for the proficiency-level of your students, such
as "complaining" in a textbook which describes itself as low-intermediate (Richards, with Hull
& Proctor, 1991), for example. How much complaining is even an advanced EFL student likely
to do? A single textbook can have exercises which are relatively easy for your students while
presenting others which are extremely challenging. You, the teacher, are best situated to
decide about the suitability of the materials for your students.
d) If you were studying a foreign language--say, Japanese--would you want or need to
the evaluation process. Multiply this amount of time by the number of the lessons. Conduct
this test after you have eliminated the points that you think will be hard or impossible to
teach. In other words, if you eliminate 20% of each lesson because it is not what you want to
teach or because it is plain stupid, this will reduce the volume of the text by 20%. Will there
still be enough goodies to last the whole year, or will you be hogging the copy machine
during the last couple of weeks?
1 = probably not enough
2 = probably enough
Multiply the score by 5.
In our review text, we could expect to spend about three to four hours per lesson: at least
two on the major listening features and perhaps a little more than one on the speaking
portions. Let's split the difference and call it 3 and a half hours. Since there are 12 lessons,
this gives us about 42 hours of class time-- not quite enough. If we allow for testing and other
activities, it might be enough, so let's give the text the benefit of the doubt and 10 points in
this category.
5. Look at the last three lessons. Are there exercises you would want to replicate in the
textbook you would like to write?
1 = nothing really gripping
2 = maybe one exercise
3 = a couple of exercises look pretty good
4 = only a couple of exercises look weak
5 = I would use entire lessons "as is"
Multiply the score by 2.
Looking at the last three lessons in our textbook, I find that the mini-lecture with the note
taking outline already provided looks like something I d want in a textbook I would write.
Let's say that is "a couple of exercises" since the lecture is one and the note-taking outline is
another. I'll give it a score of 3; times two equals 6 points in this category.
6. Choose two more lessons at random to look at the content of the exercises they present.
(a) Is the level of all the practice exercises suitable for your students, or are some much more
difficult than others. Consistent level = up to 2 points
All of the exercises seem to be of consistent level in our review textbook, so it gets 2 points
here.
(b) Do the activities in the lessons ask that the students practice something that they are
likely to use? Yes = up to 2 points
All of the exercises focusing on listening are useful, but the speaking exercises may obligate
the students to carry on rather "artificial" conversations. This will require creativity on the
part of the teacher, me. Let's give it 1 point here.
(c) Do the activities that ask students to work together give them a "real" task? Yes = up to 2
points
All of the group activities and discussions are "real" in that they tie directly to the listening
materials, but that may not have any bearing on the real world out there. Some of the role
play activities stretch my sense of what students might "really" do, so let's rate this category
a O.
(d) Are grammar items presented and explained clearly? Yes = up to 2 points
There are no grammar items presented or explained in this book. 0 points.
(e) Look at the art work and pictures. Do they cover for skimpy lessons? No = up to 2 points
(A word-count of a page of exercises can be informative here. Fewer than 200 words,
including instructions, is often a sign that you might be able to whiz through the lessons
faster than you want to.)
The art work is actually quite skimpy in our textbook, and in no way acts as a cover for a lack
University Press.
Richards, J.C., Bycina D., & Aldcorn S.B.(1995). New Person to Person 1. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Tanka, J., & Baker, L.R. (1996) Interactions 2 A Listening/Speaking Skills Book. New York:
McGraw-Hill Company, Inc.
Viney, P., Viney, K., & Rein, D.P. (1993). Main Street 1. New York: Oxford University Press.
White, R., & Williams, E. (1990). Take One. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.